Pronouns ‫الضمائر‬

Subjective pronouns Object Pronouns Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns
‫ضمائر فاعل‬ ‫ضمائر مفعول‬ ‫صفات ملكية‬ ‫ضمائر الملكية‬ ‫ضمائر منعكسه‬
‫اول الجملة وتنوب عن فاعل مفرد‬ ‫قبل االسم فقط‬ ‫ او اول‬of ‫اخر الجملة او بعد‬ ‫للتأكيد سواء بعد الفاعل او اخر‬
‫بعد فعل اصلي او بعد حرف جر‬
‫او جمع مذكر او مؤنث‬ ‫الجملة كفاعل‬ by ‫الجملة او بعد‬
‫اول الجمله‬ ‫بعد الفعل مباشرة‬ ‫تتبع باسم‬ ‫ال تتبع باسم‬ ‫يحدده ضمير الفاعل‬
I Help me ‫ يساعدني‬my book ‫كتابي‬ mine ‫ملكي‬ myself ‫بنفسي‬
He Help him ‫ يساعده‬his book ‫كتابه‬ his ‫ملكه‬ himself ‫بنفسه‬
She Help her ‫ يساعدها‬her book ‫كتابها‬ hers ‫ملكها‬ herself ‫بنفسها‬
It Help it ‫يساعدها لغير العاقل‬ its book ‫كتابه لغير العاقل‬ its ‫ملكها لغير العاقل‬ itself ‫بنفسها لغير العاقل‬
They Help them ‫يساعدهم‬
their book ‫كتابهم‬ theirs ‫ملكهم‬ themselves ‫بنفسهم‬
We Help us ‫ يساعدنا‬our book ‫كتابنا‬ ours ‫ملكنا‬ ourselves ‫بأنفسنا‬
You Help you ‫ يساعدك‬your book ‫كتابك‬ yours ‫ ملككم‬/ ‫ملكك‬ yourself / selves ‫ بأنفسكم‬/ ‫بنفسك‬

) ‫ بدال من الفاعل (اسم‬, ‫ضمائر الفاعل تأتى في بداية الجملة قبل الفعل‬
I ) ‫انا(ضمير متكلم‬ I am Ali. I am five years old.
He )‫هو(مفرد مذكر عاقل )(ضمير غائب‬ Ali is a boy. He is my brother.
She )‫هو(مفرد مؤنث عاقل ) (ضمير غائب‬ Alaa is a girl. She is my sister.
It ) ‫هو(مفرد غير عاقل)(ضمير غائب‬ The parrot is a bird. It can fly.
You ) ‫انتم (ضمير مخاطب‬/ ‫انت‬ You are happy. You smile.
We ) ‫نحن(ضمير متكلم‬ We are playing. We like football.
They ) ‫هم (جمع )(ضمير غائب‬ Ali and Ahmed are friends. They are playing football.
The cats are white. They are nice .

Object pronouns ‫ضمائر المفعول‬

Subject. Object.p. ) ‫بدال من المفعول (اسم‬, ‫ضمائر المفعول تأتي بعد الفعل‬
I me I obeyed my father. He gave me a present . ‫أعطاني‬
He him Ali helped Ahmed . he gave him a pen. ‫اعطاه‬
She her I gave Aliaa a present . I gave her a pen. ‫اعطيتها‬

It it I play tennis every week . I play it at the club. ‫العبها‬

You you You helped me. I will help you. ‫يساعدك‬
We us We got high marks. The teacher thanked us . ‫تشكرنا‬
They them They got high marks. The teacher thanked them . ‫شكرهم‬

1
 Underline the correct answer :
1 ‫ضمائر ?الفاعل‬
Do you know that man? Do you know ………………
it him her us
2 My friend and l have money . ………………. can go shopping.
They We He You
3 Ahmed and Eyad are late . …………….. should hurry .
He I We They
4 She gave…………. a birthday gift . I really like it.
me her him us
5 Elephants are very big , so ………….. eat a lot of food.
it he we they
6 My brother is studying because …………. has a test tomorrow .
She it he l
7 Do you feel okay ? Can l help…………………. ?
you us them him
8 My new friends are very friendly . l really like ……………..
us me them you
9 I need to find my book . Where did you put …………………. ?
him it her us
10 Spiders have eight legs and …………… also have many eyes .
we they you I
11 I' m busy right now. Could you please call ……….. after an hour ?
her us me you
12 He gave me the box , but …………… lost it .
I he we she
13 We gave him the money and he gave…………… the candy .
us you them him
14 I never eat unhealthy food because …………. isn’t healthy .
it he I she
15 Who is she ? Do you know ………………?
him her it us
16 My sister isn’t here. …………… is at work .
He I We She
17 Dinosaurs were very large, but ………. All died millions of years ago.
It they We you
18 Could you please help ………. ? I have a problem.
her him it me
19 Dad watched the children carefully as………. crossed the road.
they we he I
20 ………… help mum at home.
Me I Us Them

2
‫صفات الملكية يأتي بعدها (االسم المملوك) لذلك سميت صفات ملكية ألنها تسبق االسم المملوك‬
Subject p Possessive Adj
I my I have a new car . my is new. ‫سيارتي‬
He his Here's Eyads mobile. Please give him his mobile. ‫موبايله‬
She her s‫الملكية‬
Aya bought ‫صفات‬
a new dress. Her dress is beautiful. ‫فستانها‬
It its The cat is hungry. Where is its food ? ‫طعامها لغير العاقل‬
You your You have a house. Your house is big. ‫منزلك‬
We our We have a new car. Our new car is expensive. ‫سيارتنا‬
They their They have old bikes. Their bikes are old. ‫دراجتهم‬

Possessive pronouns ‫ضمائر الملكية‬

‫ ال يأتي بعدها اسم‬,‫المملوك‬ ‫ألنهاالشيء‬
‫تسبق االسم‬ ‫ملكيةبعدها‬ ‫( ال‬am/‫سميت‬
‫صفات يأتي‬ is/ are) ‫ضمائر الملكية تأتي غالبا بعد‬
‫مملوك) لذلك‬
Subject p Possessive .p.
I mine I have a white car. The white car is‫المملوك‬
mine. ‫ملكي‬
He his I took Ahmed's camera. This nice camera is his. ‫ملكه‬
She hers She has s‫الملكية‬ ‫صفات‬The new dress is hers.
a new dress. ‫ملكها‬
It its Here's the cat's food. The food is its. ‫ملكها لغير العاقل‬
You yours You haves‫الملكية‬
my mobile.‫صفات‬
It isn't yours. ‫ملكك‬
We ours We have a ball. The ball is ours. ‫ملكنا‬
They theirs They have an old house. The old house is theirs. ‫ملكهم‬
Underline the correct answer :
1 Is this your pencil ? Yes, it's ………… pencil .
me ‫ألنها تسبق االسم‬
mine‫سميت صفات ملكية‬
my ‫مملوك) لذلك‬ I
2 They have two umbrellas. They are ………… umbrellas.
their theirs our ‫المملوك‬ her
3 Ziad has a green pencil. It's ……………….
hers his mine me
4 This book belongs to me. It's …………………….
his hers mine my
5 Reem has a ball. It's…………. ball. s‫صفات الملكية‬
his … her my our
6 Your bag is red, but……….. is black.
my me mine your
7 Sayed owns a bike. It's…………. bike.
his my her our
8 I have blue jeans. They're ………………..
my me mine his
9 This is our house. It's ………………………
theirs ours us our
10 They have a big house. It's ………………..
us ours theirs their
11 This is our house. It's……………………….
yours ours mine our

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 Reflexive pronouns ‫الضمائر المنعكسة‬
self / selves+ ‫المفعول‬
‫ضميراالسم‬
‫ألنهااو تسبق‬
‫الملكية‬
‫صفةملكية‬ ‫سميتمن‬
‫صفات‬ ‫المنعكس‬
‫الضميرلذلك‬
)‫يتكونمملوك‬
Subject p. Reflexive .p.
‫المملوك‬
I myself I design my worksheets by myself. ‫نفسي‬
He himself Mohamed broke the TV by himself. ‫بنفسة‬
She herself She made s‫الملكية‬ ‫صفات‬
the cake herself. ‫بنفسها‬
It itself The cat fell and hurt itself. ‫بنفسها لغير العاقل‬
You ‫ مفرد‬yourself Stop blaming yourself.s‫الملكية‬ ‫صفات‬ ‫بنفسك‬
You ‫ جمع‬yourselves You must do the homework by yourselves. ‫بأنفسكم‬
We ourselves We donated the money ourselves. ‫بأنفسنا‬
They themselves They put out the fire themselves. ‫بأنفسهم‬

Underline the correct answer:

‫تسبق االسم‬
1 Ali wasn't careful ‫ألنها‬cut
and he ‫ملكية‬ ‫سميت صفات‬with
…………… ‫لذلك‬a)‫مملوك‬
knife.
myself himself itself ‫المملوك‬ ourselves
2 Did you enjoy ………… at the party last night ?
yourself herself himself itself
3 Cats can get clean by licking ……………….
ourselves
s‫ صفات الملكية‬yourself
themselves yourselves
4 Rana burned…………. while she was cooking.
himself herself yourself yourselves
5 Can you teach………… to play the piano ?
yourself himself herself itself
6 I introduced…………. to my new classmates.
my me mine you
7 Farid always asks………… why English is so crazy.
himself herself itself yourself
8 Sonia cleans her room by………. she never asks for help.
himself itself herself yourself
9 Ali made this table by………………
myself yourself itself himself
10 We enjoyed……….. at the seaside.
themselves yourselves yourself ourselves
11 I made this table by……………
myself yourself itself herself

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 General exercises
1 Marwan is ‫االسم‬
my‫تسبق‬ ‫…………… ألنها‬.is
uncle. ‫سميت صفات ملكية‬ ‫مملوك) لذلك‬
a doctor.
He His Him ‫المملوك‬ Her
2 Tarek is his cousin. Today is ……….birthday.
he his him her
3 Clap for the football players. ……….. played very well.
They s‫الملكية‬
Theirs‫صفات‬ Their Them
4 Throw the ball to……………,please. I am waiting.
I my me mine
5 Huda is their grandmother. She loves…………so much.
our us their them
6 Our parents are proud of………..because we work hard at school.
us we our me
7 Grandfather arrives at 5 o'clock. Let's go to meet…………..
his him me her
8 The radio belongs to my mother. It's ………..
her his mine hers
9 l live in Alexandria with……………parents.
I my me mine
10 Munir and Hany are twins. …...sister is called Radwa.
They Theirs Their Them
11 These are their bags. They are……..………..
their theirs they them
12 This pen belongs to Adel. It's ……………. pen .
He's he his him
13 This house belongs to us. It's……………
ours his mine hers
14 The football is………..,but the tennis racket is my sister's.
my her mine their
15 My name is Mustafa . ………….father is called Ahmed .
I My Me Mine
16 The pen doesn't belong to you. It isn't ………….pen.
you your yours their
17 I 've got one sister. …………..name 's Salma.
His Their My Her
18 This is her drum. It's……….
her hers ours theirs

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19 My father is painting our house………..
herself myself itself himself
20 Did a famous person draw that, or did you draw it………. ?
herself yourself myself himself
21 My sister and I like taking photos of…..…….when we go out.
myself themselves ourselves himself
22 lf you are hungry, make………a sandwich.
himself itself yourself myself
23 l didn't buy this cake. I made it ……..
herself myself yourself himself
24 The birds sleep in caves to protect……………from eagles.
itself themselves ourselves yourselves
25 Sara has a jacket to keep…………warm.
herself myself yourself himself
26 You don't drive this car. It drives…………
himself itself yourself myself
27 Clap for the football players. …………played very well.
They Theirs Their Them
28 Throw the ball to………….,please. I am waiting.
I my me mine
29 The little boy is playing with………..toys.
her its their his
30 They knew all about my friend and………
I me we our
31 The little boys are playing with ……….. toys.
her its their his
32 They knew all about ………… friend and me .
I my we our
33 The little girl had a cup of tea in…………..hands.
his your her our
34 The doctor told Huda and Nabil to take care of……….
ourselves herself themselves yourself
35 Whose is that car ? I think it's ………….
Of them theirs of they their
36 He ………..could not read it although he had written it.
herself his him himself

6
 ‫) ‪v. to (be – have – do‬‬
‫معناهم وسط الجملة‬

‫يكون‬ ‫كان‬ ‫يمتلك‬ ‫يفعل‬ ‫الحظ‬

‫‪was‬‬ ‫‪were‬‬
‫مع ‪ i‬والمفرد‬ ‫مع‪you‬والجمع‬
‫‪do‬‬ ‫‪does‬‬ ‫ادي ‪did‬‬
‫مع الجمع‬ ‫مع المفرد‬ ‫امتلك ماضي ‪had‬‬

‫‪am‬‬ ‫‪is‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬

‫مفرد‬
‫‪have‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫مع ‪ i‬والجمع‬ ‫مع المفرد‬
‫السؤال عليهم‬
‫? مصدر فاعل ‪Do \ Does \ Did‬‬ ‫اي حاجة غير المصدر ‪Am\ Is\ Are\ Was\ Were‬‬
‫?فاعل‬
‫للتوضيح‬ ‫امثلة‬ ‫خلي بالك اللي بيسأل بيه بترد بيه‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪I ……..happy yesterday.‬‬ ‫‪was‬‬ ‫‪were‬‬ ‫‪am‬‬ ‫الن الجملة ماضي والفاعل مفرد‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫? ‪…….you hungry , Ali‬‬ ‫‪Is‬‬ ‫‪Are‬‬ ‫‪Did‬‬ ‫عشان مفيش فعل والفاعل جمع‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫? ‪……..this subject easy‬‬ ‫‪Is‬‬ ‫‪Does‬‬ ‫‪Do‬‬ ‫عشان مفيش فعل‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫? ‪………Ali study last week‬‬ ‫‪Do‬‬ ‫‪Were‬‬ ‫‪Did‬‬ ‫عشان في فعل والجملة ماضي‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪I ……. dinner at home.‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬ ‫‪do‬‬ ‫‪have‬‬ ‫عشان المعني والفاعل جمع‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬

‫‪General exercises‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫? ‪………..there any milk in the glass‬‬
‫‪Was‬‬ ‫‪Are‬مملوك) لذلك سميت‪Do‬صفات ملكية‬ ‫‪Have‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪He ……………no money.‬‬ ‫ألنها تسبق االسم المملوك‬
‫‪was‬‬ ‫‪do‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪You ……………. clever .‬‬
‫‪was‬‬ ‫‪do‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬
‫صفات الملكية‪s‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
4 The chairs …………… in the garden .
are is am does
5 I ………………….very hungry.
are is am do
6 My friend………..at the restaurant yesterday.
was were weren't are
7 They ……………at the hospital last week.
are was were wasn't
8 ………………they at home ?
Was Do Are Have
9 …………….she in the garden ?
Am Were Was Does
10 ……………my brothers in the bedroom ?
Am Were Was Do
11 It ………….an apple .
have were are is
12 You …………..a good student.
do am are is
13 Samy ……………at the museum yesterday.
was were are is
14 I …………..a box.
do has have am
15 They …………..a car.
are has have having
16 We ……………..eggs.
has have do are
17 He …………..breakfast at seven o'clock.
does has have having
18 The dog…………..meat.
is have has are
19 ...............she want a dress ?
Is Do Does Has
20 ...............you want eggs ?
Are Do Does Have
21 Yes ,they …………….
is do does has
22 Did she play tennis ? yes, she……………
did do does was
23 How old is your brother, Richard? He ……….ten yesterday.
is was has are
24 Where………..your little daughter yesterday ?
are was were is

8
 25 How old is your brother, Richard? He ……….. ten now .
have has is had
26 The tables……….in the house.
are will have does
27 The chair……….in the garden.
are is am were
28 Ali,……….you go to that pub every day?
do does doesn't have
29 The two boys…………sitting in the garden yesterday.
was were had have
30 ………it hot yesterday?
Has Was Does Is
The present simple tense ‫زمن المضارع البسيط‬
‫ فعل‬s he- she – it ‫اسم مفرد‬
‫التكوين‬ ‫مصدر‬ I – we – you – they‫المملوك‬
‫اسم جمع‬ ‫المجهول االسم‬
‫ألنها تسبق‬ ‫ملكية‬
‫مفعول‬ ‫مملوك) لذلك سميت صفات‬
am / is / are p.p
be am / is / are + ‫ صفة‬/ ‫اسم‬
always ‫ دايما‬/ usually / normally ‫عادة‬
ss / regularly ‫ بانتظام‬/ often ‫غالبا‬
/frequently ‫ غالبا‬/ sometimes ‫احيانا‬
‫ص‬‫ص‬
doesn't s‫الملكية‬
he- she –it ‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫مصدر‬
‫صفات‬ /occasionally ‫ بين حين واخر‬/ little ‫فلما‬
‫النفي‬ don't I –we- you – they ‫جمع‬ ‫ الكلمات‬/rarely ‫ نادرا‬/ seldom ‫ نادرا‬/ hardly
‫فات‬
‫فات‬ s
‫الدالة‬ ever ‫ بالكاد‬/ never ‫ مطلقا‬.0nce ‫مرة‬
/twice ‫ مرتين‬/ three times… / several
never + ‫ ( فعل مصرف‬s )
‫المل‬
‫المل‬ ‫ص‬
time . every (morning / day / Monday
/ week / month / summer/ year..) / on
Friday / in summer
‫كية‬
‫كية‬
Does he –she – it – ‫فات مفرد‬ ‫مكانهم‬ am
‫هل‬ Do l – we – you – they ‫? مصدر‬ is + ‫ الكلمات الدالة الكلمات الدالة‬+ ‫فعل اصلي‬

‫السؤال‬
Am –is- are ‫ حرف جر فاعل‬/ ‫ صفة‬/ ‫اسم‬
‫ اداة استفهام‬do\ does ‫ فاعل‬/ ‫? مصدر‬
‫المل‬ ‫االستخدام‬
are
‫يستخدم مع الحقيقة والعادة والمواعيد الثابتة‬
‫كية‬
‫ اداة استفهام‬am . is . are .‫حرف جر فاعل‬/ ‫صفة‬/ ‫?اسم‬

Cross crosses ‫ مثل‬es ‫نضع‬ o / sh / x / ch / z / s ‫لو الفعل ينتهي ب‬

Study studies ‫مثل‬ ies ‫ قبلها ساكن تقلب‬y ‫لو الفعل ينتهي‬ ‫ملحوظة‬
‫امثلة للتوضيح‬ ‫خلي بالك ممكن يجبلك كذا ظرف وتاخد بالمعني‬
1 He………T ' V every day. watch watches S ‫الن الفاعل مفرد فنأخذ ب‬
I I
2 Ali and Reda ……….E. study studies S ‫الن الفاعل جمع فنأخذ بدون‬
I
3 School………..in September . start starts S ‫الن الفاعل مفرد فنأخذ ب‬
I
4 He…………like chocolate . don't doesn't doesn't ‫الن الفاعل مفرد فنأخذ‬
I
5 Does Ali ………..English ? like likes ‫ المصدر‬does ‫يعد‬
I I
6 He..………..busy. is always always is ‫ تسبق الظروف‬am / is / are ‫الن‬
I I
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1 A teacher………………… at school.
works work working are working
2 I …………..my dinner every night.
eats eat eating ate
3 Children often…………….cats and dogs.
chases are chasing chase chased
4 The sun always…………..in the east.
Is rising will rise rises rise
5 He ……………..his teeth twice a day.
clean cleans cleaning cleaned
6 You ………….wear jeans.
does doesn't don't aren't
7 They don't ……………camping in Summer.
went go goes going
8 He ……………go to school on Fridays .
isn't don't doesn't aren't
9 Students ………………..have to go to school on holidays.
doesn't haven't don't aren't
10 Sayed doesn't ………………..football in the street .
plays play playing played
11 She ………………feed her brother's pet.
don't doesn't isn't aren't
12 We …………..go to the cinema at school days.
don't doesn't hasn't aren't
13 Leila …………….speak French.
hasn't don't isn't doesn't
14 Does Salma………………a lot of snakes ?
saw sees see seeing
15 Ramy………………breakfast with my family.
has having have had
16 Your friends often…………..DVDs.
watch watches watched watching
17 He never…………..his homework in the evening.
do doing does did
18 Does your brother……………….soup ?
liking like likes liked
19 Farmers usually……………..in fields.
works work worked working
20 He…………..goes to school late.
don't doesn't never didn't
21 How ……………..do you go to the club ? once a week.
many often much old
22 Where ……………….your uncle live ?
does is has do

10
23 Hend ………….live with her uncle.

don't aren't doesn't is not

24 ………………Nabil's sister play tennis ?
Is Do Are Does
25 Tamer and his sister ………………the family car.
wash washes washing is washing
26 Our teacher of English ………………speaks Arabic in class.
don't doesn't never won't
27 Mr Badr always travels by train. He………….likes flying.
often never always usually
28 A : How……………do you watch TV ? B : twice a week.
many long much often
29 Students……………..in classes during the break.
stay always never stay always stay stay never
30 I have breakfast at 7 o'clock every morning . I………have breakfast at that time.
often never usually always
31 It is ……………..very hot in the summer.
sometimes never usually often
32 We ………..speak English during our English lessons .
often never always sometimes
33 We …………….go to the beach in winter.
never always usually sometimes
34 We ……………go to school on Fridays.
never always usually sometimes
35 My brother ……………..a clever tennis play .
always is always always is never

‫المضارع المستمر‬
Present continuous tense

‫التكوين‬ am- is – are ving ‫االستخدام‬ ‫يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث يحدث االن او ترتيبات مستقبلية‬
‫النفي‬ am – is – are not ving ‫او عادة سيئة في ظروف متكررة مثل‬
am – is – are ‫ فاعل‬ving? (always / constantly )
‫هل‬
‫السؤال‬ ‫ اداة استفهام‬+am –is –are ‫ فاعل‬ving? ‫اوعي تنسي ان المضارع المستمر ال يستخدم مع افعال‬
‫المجهول‬ ‫مفعول‬am –is –are +being p.p
‫الحواس واالرادة والملكية اال اذا تغير معناها‬
‫ملحوظات‬ ‫امثلة‬
at present – at the moment ‫هامة‬
‫الكلمات‬ have )‫يمتلك (ال تستمر‬ )‫ يتناول (تستمر‬/ ‫يأخذ‬
now – still – look – listen- can't
‫الدالة‬ watch – be quiet – arrange – feel )‫يبدو (ال تستمر‬ )‫يشعر (تستمر‬
today – this week –this year think )‫يعتقد (ال تستمر‬ )‫يفكر (تستمر‬
is )‫يكون (ال تستمر‬ )‫يصبح (تستمر‬
see )‫يري (ال يستمر‬ )‫يقابل (يستمر‬

11
1 Mr. Usman………….in a lovely flat now.
live living alive is living
2 Eman and her neighbors……………..Mr. Osman's flat.
are repairing repair repairs is repairing
3 What …………….Manal making for her uncle ?
do does is are
4 Ali …………..a jacket today because it is very hot.
not wear isn't wearing don't wear doesn't wear
5 I can't come to the phone now. I………………a shower.
am having have will have am doing
6 We can't play tennis today because it ………………
rains rained is raining rain
7 Hany often goes to school on foot, but today his father…………him to school.
drives was driving is driving driving
8 ………………sitting next to your best friend ?
You do Do you Are you You are
9 ……………..the students in your class working ?
Are Have Can Do
10 She isn't……………at the hospital today.
work working works worked
11 What ………………….doing at the moment ?
they are are they they were were they
12 The police officer……………..a school today.
visiting visits is visiting visit
13 They are………………at websites for information
looks looking look looked
14 She …………..you some photos now.
sending sends is sent is sending
15 I'm playing chess online. I'm ………………..at the moment.
Win wins winning won
16 …………………they using a tablet at the moment ?
Does Is Do Are
17 What time…………..now ?
did you play are you playing are playing do you play
18 I'm playing chess online. I'm winning ………………… the moment.
for in at on
19 Look, the boy………………the ball.
kicking kick kicks is kicking
20 Sami is studying ………………………
at that moment new that day at the moment

12
 the past simple tense ‫الماضي البسيط‬
‫التكوين‬ ed ‫التصريف الثاني للفعل او الفعل بإضافة‬ He helped me / I ate fish.
‫السؤال‬ Did ‫? مصدر فاعل‬Was- Were ‫ حرف جر فاعل‬/ ‫صفة‬/ ‫ ? اسم‬Did Ali play ? / was Ali happy ?
‫النفي‬ ‫ فاعل‬didn't ‫( مصدر‬wasn't-weren't + ‫حرف جر‬/‫صفة‬/‫ (اسم‬I didn't study / we weren't at home.
‫المجهول‬ ‫ مفعول‬+ was / were p.p The lesson was explained.
‫ اداة استفهام السؤال باداة‬did ‫? مصدر فاعل‬ What did you read ?
‫ اداة استفهام‬was/ were ‫ فاعل‬/‫حرف جر‬/‫صفة‬/‫? اسم‬
‫للتعبير عن حدث انتهي وغالبا الكلمات الدالة توضح االستخدام‬ Ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.
‫الكلمات الدالة‬ ‫ملحوظه‬
‫ الكلمات‬yesterday ‫ امس‬last ‫ الماضي‬ago ‫ منذ‬once ‫ذات مرة‬ was I- he – she – it - ‫اسم مفرد‬
‫ الدالة‬once upon a time ‫ ذات مرة‬the other day ‫ مؤخرا‬in the past ‫في‬
‫ الماضي‬- in ancient times ‫ قديما‬- previously ‫فيما سبق‬
were we – you – they ‫اسم جمع‬
in 2011… etc

1 Last year, I……………to an island for a few days as a volunteer.

go going went goes
2 I …………Black Beauty two years ago.
read reads is reading will read
3 Yesterday, we……………..the village where my father was born.
visiting visited visits visit
4 Last year, we …………….to Venice in ltaly.
travel is travelling travelled travels
5 It was very crowded, but we……………..our holiday.
enjoy enjoys enjoying enjoyed
6 A year ago, we…………..a boat trip on a canal.
took take takes are taking
7 Luca …………..into the forest this morning. It was really exciting.
trek trekked trekking are trekking
8 Omar ……………across the Sahara last year.
was cycling cycle cycled cycles
9 Yesterday, we……………some beautiful fish in the Red Sea.
see saw were seeing will see
10 When l reached home, l immediately…………..a shower.
was having had had had would have
11 Jake arranged to visit Madagascar before he………………university.
starting start was starting started
12 We ……………on the door, but nobody came.
knock knocked knocks knocking
13 My grandfather always…………….to work when he was young.
walk walks walking walked
14 I …………..for five hours every day last week.
has worked works have worked worked
15 The tourists…………..swimming in the sea. It was too dirty.
were enjoying Weren't enjoying didn't enjoy enjoyed

13
16 Hatim……………as a taxi driver for 5 years. Now, he is a worker.
works worked work has worked
17 In 2017, my parents………………..to Luxor.
move moves moved will move
18 Your cousin…………….at the community centre last summer.
helps helped help is helping
19 Ali's family………………to Mansoura when he was seven.
move moves moved is moving
20 My cousin………………in costa Rica as a child because my uncle was a biologist.
living lived were living live
21 There …………..thousands of people at the football stadium yesterday.
be are was were
22 Imad and Kamal………………that song for the first time in 2010.
heard hear hears will hear
23 You ……………me a ticket yesterday, so l owe you some money.
buy will buy buys bought
24 I last…………….from her on Friday .
heard was heard hear is heard
25 Not many girls…………..to school in Egypt in the early twentieth century.
went was going have gone goes
26 From 1967 to 1973, Dr El Baz…………..on the Apollo space project.
work works worked was worked
27 My uncle lived in Aswan three years…………………..
since ago for during

the past continuous tense ‫الماضي المستمر‬

‫التكوين‬ ‫ فاعل‬was – were – ving during ‫ اسم‬, ‫ ماضي بسيط فاعل‬/ ‫مستمر‬
‫النفي‬ ‫ فاعل‬wasn't – weren't – ving
while Ving , ‫ مستمر فاعل‬/ ‫(بشرط الفاعل واحد للجملتين)ماضي بسيط‬
‫السؤال هل‬ Was – Were ‫ فاعل‬ving ?
‫السؤال باداة‬ ‫ اداة استفهام‬was – were ‫ فاعل‬ving ? ‫حرف جر‬, ‫ مستمر فاعل‬/ ‫ماضي بسيط‬
while
‫المجهول‬ ‫ مفعول‬was – were being P.P
‫االستخدام‬ ‫يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث كان مستمرا في وقت ما في الماضي‬ ‫مـلــــحــــــــوظــــــــــة‬
‫الكلمات الدالة‬ - ‫الكلمات الدالة علي الماضي المستمر فقط‬ ‫يستخدم الماضي البسيط بدال من الماضي المستمر لو ذكر بعد‬
from… to… ‫ ومع االفعال التالية‬many ‫النقط عدد يساوي العدد ك‬
‫علي الماضي‬ at+ ‫ فترة زمنية‬/ all + ‫فترة زمنية‬ Feelings ‫ المشاعر‬like, dislike, love, hate,
‫المستمر فقط‬ in + ‫فترة زمنية‬ prefer, enjoy want, wish Etc.
between…. and / yesterday evening Sense ‫ الحواس‬: hear, see, small, feel,
while sound, taste, appear seem, look, Etc.
Mental state ‫ االدراك‬realize, understand,
as ‫لو يستمر‬ ‫لو لم يستمر‬

just as ‫ ماضي مستمر فاعل‬, ‫ مستمر فاعل‬/ ‫بسيط‬
because
‫ ماضي بسيط او مستمر‬, ‫ماضي بسيط او مستمر‬
when ‫ ننظر الي الفعل في النقط لو يستمر نأخذ ماضي‬/ ‫الخالصة‬
‫مستمر لو يحدث في لحظة او بعدة عدد نأخذ ماضي بسيط‬
know, mean, think= believe, imagine,
recognize, remember, forget, Etc.
‫ افعال شاذة‬cut- drop- break- fall- ring- have
‫لكن يمكن استخدام الماضي المستمر مع االفعال السابقة في‬
‫حالة استخدامها بمعاني غير معانيها االصلية‬

14
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
‫ مع الماضي فنأخذ ماضي مستمر‬at ‫ألنه جايب‬
1 I ……at eight o'clock yesterday. studied was studying
2 What were you…………….? do doing ving ‫ فنأخذ‬were ‫ألنه جايب‬
3 While I……….,the telephone rang. played was playing ‫ ماضي مستمر‬while ‫ألنه بعد‬
‫فنأخذ ماضي مستمر‬
4 When I……….,I was playing. fell was falling ‫الن الفعل يحدث في لحظة فنأخذ ماضي بسيط‬

5 ………holiday, I enjoyed a lot. During while during ‫ألنه جايب اسم بعد النقط فنأخذ‬

I choose the correct answer from a/ b/ c or d:

1 The telephone rang while Tamer…………..doing his homework.
was is were are
2 Sanaa didn't hear the noise………………she was watching a film.
if to so because
3 We were playing tennis when Tamer…………………..his ankle.
hurting hurt was hurting is hurting
4 Someone opened the door while l …………………….
has sleeping was sleeping sleeping slept
5 While l was looking out of the window, it…………………..to rain.
started was started was starting starting
6 As l…………………..for tomorrow's game, l fell down and hurt my leg.
practice practicing practiced was practicing
7 When l was younger, l………………….pizza almost every day.
eaten eat ate Was eating
8 The boys didn't play because it……………….
rained was raining rains raining
9 What …………..at 10 pm last night ?
were they doing did they do did they use to do are they doing
10 Yesterday evening, I …………………..a film.
have watched was watching was watched watched
11 I was studying my lessons when the lights…………………….out.
goes went were going gone
12 I ………………..my lunch when the phone rang.
have eaten was eating has eaten ate
13 Last year, we………………..to the beautiful city of Venice in ltaly.
were travelling travel travelled travels
14 What…………………the boys doing at 4 P.M yesterday ?
did are have were
15 As l was running, l …………………….a nice bird.
am seeing see saw sees
16 ……………..you hear the bell while you were cooking ?
Did Were Do Have

15
17 What…………………when l took photos of the crocodiles ?
did you do were you doing you were doing have you done
18 Yesterday, l ……………………a play at 10 o'cock.
have watched was watching was watched watched
19 When we sat down for a picnic, lots of runners………….……….through the park.
run was running running were running
20 As karim was taking photos of the animals, he…………………..his phone.
lost was losing loses losing
21 While Mona……………..tennis, she hurt her arm.
plays played was playing were playing
22 I was doing my homework when my sister…………………me.
was calling calls called calling
23 Lots of birds……………….in the sky as we were sitting down on the beach.
was flying flown fly were flying
24 I didn't answer the phone because l……………………….
was praying had prayed have prayed prayed
25 While…………………Egypt, tourists enjoyed sightseeing.
visiting visit visited visitor
26 A spider………………Munir's hand when he was putting something in his pocket.
bite bites bit Is biting
27 I ……………..out of the boat when l dropped my camera.
was leaning lean were leaning leaning
28 Salma………………..around lndonesia when she broke her leg.
travelled was travelling travels travel
29 When Aya visited me, l…………………..my room.
decorate was decorating am decorating decorating
30 While l…………………lunch, someone knocked on the door.
was having have had having
31 While l………………….on the islands, l talked to the people who lived there.
working was working worked works
32 When l was watering the garden, it…………………..to raln.
begins began has begun was beginning
33 ………………a car when you were living in London ?
Had you Were you Have you had Did you have
having
34 Manal ………………….her lunch when the phone rang.
is eating eats ate was eating
35 When Rami went to the office, the worker…………………………his tasks.
were doing was doing do does
36 While we were watching TV last night, someone…………………the light off.
turn turning turns turned
37 While l was watching TV last night, my sister…………..……..a magazine.
reading was reading were reading read

16
 ‫املاضي التام‬
‫التكوين‬ ‫ فاعل‬had p.p
‫النفي‬ ‫ فاعل‬hadn't p.p
‫هل‬ had ‫فاعل‬ p.p ?
‫السؤال‬ ‫ اداة‬had ‫ فاعل‬p.p ?
‫اجملهول‬ ‫ مفعول‬had been p.p
‫االستخدام‬ ‫حدث انتهي قبل حدث اخر يف املاضي‬

1-
after
as soon as
before that ‫ماضي بسيط ¸ماضي تام‬
because

*didn't /wasn't ‫ماضي بسيط منفي‬till/ until ‫ماضي تام‬

2-
before- by
by the time ‫ماضي تام¸ ماضي بسيط‬
after that,

hardly p.p when ‫ماضي بسيط فاعل‬

3- ‫فاعل‬ had scarcely p.p when ‫ماضي بسيط فاعل‬
no sooner p.p than ‫ماضي بسيط فاعل‬
Hardly p.p when / before ‫ماضي بسيط‬
4 –Scarcely had ‫فاعل‬ p.p when / before ‫ماضي‬
No sooner p.p than ‫ماضي بسيط‬

5*having p.p , ‫ماضي بسيط‬ having been p.p

*On ving , ‫احلدثان قريبان ماضي بسيط‬ on being p.p
*after ving ,‫احلدثان غري قريبان ماضي بسيط‬ after being p.p
*before ving , ‫ماضي تام‬ before being p.p
6-it was only when ‫ ماضي تام فاعل‬that ‫ماضي بسيط‬
it wasn't until ‫ماضي تام فاعل‬that ‫ماضي بسيط‬
7- forgot – thought – realized – knew …. + ‫ماضي تام فاعل‬
1-after/before/as soon as ‫ بسيط‬, ‫بسيط‬ ) ‫)اذا كان احلدث مقرتبان جدا‬

2-when ‫تام‬/ ‫بسيط‬ ( ‫)بعدها حدث اوال‬

3-when ‫بسيط‬/ ‫تام‬ (‫)بعدها حدث ثانيا‬
4- ‫ماضي بسيط‬when/because ‫ماضي مستمر‬ (‫)لو احلدثان قطعوا بعض‬
5-hardly/scarcely/no sooner did ‫مصدر فاعل‬ )‫(اذا مل يوجد اال هي‬

‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 after ………… water, I ate. had drunk drinking ving ‫الن مفيش فاعل فنأخذ‬
2 Having ……….. the dinner, we Prepared preparing .......... ‫ فنأخذ‬p.p ‫ال نها يأتي بعدها‬
cleaned the house .
3 Before she ……… , she finished come had come ‫ ماضي بسيط فنأخذ‬before ‫الن بعد‬
home work .
4 On ………… the accident, she seeing seen .......... ‫ فنأخذ‬ving on ‫الن بعد‬
cried .
5 Be 2020 ,I ……… university. finished had finished ... ‫ الثانية ماضي تام فنأخذ‬by ‫الن جملة‬

17
1 ………………… I had done my home assignment, I watched TV.
Before While By the time After
2 Ahlam : have you sent the email ? basma : yes, I ………….. it an hour ago .
will send sent was sending have send
3 By the time the movie started , my father ………… asleep ; he didn't watch the movie as usual !
hadn't fallen has fallen won't fall had fallen
4 ……………… you hit her car on purpose when you were retuming home ?
Do Had Did Were
5 Really, it was the most amazing place I ………………
have ever been seen was ever had ever been had ever seen
seeing seen
6 Having ……………. The good news , I hurried to tell my family .
have received had received received receiving
7 When I went to the stadium, the match …………... so I missed the exciting beginning .
hadn't started yet had already hasn't started yet has already
started started
8 I enjoyed reading the novel you ………….. me . Thanks a lot !
had lent have been lent hadn't lent was lent
9 Before ………….. home, I had bought some vegetables.
returned have returned returning had returned
10 When I visited faten, she ………….. lunch, so I didn't find any food left .
will have was having has just had had just had
11 After tamer ………….. to the company , he will meet the general manager .
will go is going goes had gone
12 First, I …………… my work, then I met my friends in the club.
will finish finished have finished had finished
13 My mother …………. The housework before I ………….. home, so I helped her .
had finished /returned didn't finished / hadn't finished / hadn't finished /
had returned returned returning
14 As soon as I ……….. out, it ………… to rain heavily .
went / had started will go / has go / started had gone /
started started
15 When my father came home, I ……………. already finished my study .
have have been had had been
16 When I returned home, I found out that all my money …………………………..
has been disappeared was had disappeared had been
disappeared disappeared
17 Having ………….. the letter, I took it to the post office .
been typed have typed be typed typed
18 I missed the train because I …………………. Up late .
was getting have got had got get
19 When I ……………. home, the film had already ended.
had come came was come have some
20 ……………. found the answer, I wrote it down .
After Before Until having
21 After the accident, the injured man …………………….. to hospital .
had I known had taken took was taken

18
 used to
used to ‫اعتاد ان يفعل شيء ولم يفعله االن‬
1 ‫ فاعل‬used to ‫مصدر‬
2 ‫ فاعل‬didn't use to ‫مصدر‬
3 ‫ فاعل‬never used to ‫مصدر‬
4 Did ‫ فاعل‬use to ‫? مصدر‬
5 ‫ فاعل‬used to ‫ مصدر‬,but now ‫ فاعل‬don't/doesn't
6 ‫ فاعل‬used to be /but now ‫ فاعل‬isn't - aren't
7 ‫ فاعل‬used to ‫ مصدر‬/but now he(doesn't)use to
8 ‫ فاعل عاقل‬am.is. are used to ving ‫(يعتاد علي شيء االن)اسم‬
9 ‫ فاعل غير عاقل‬am.is. are used to ‫مصدر‬/ ) ‫(تستخدم ب‬
10 ‫ فاعل عاقل‬was .were used to ving ‫(اعتاد علي شيء ومازال) اسم‬
11 ‫ فاعل غير عاقل‬was .were. used to ‫ مصدر‬/for ving. ‫(استخدم لي )اسم‬
12 Yesterday- this – last ‫ مع‬used to ‫ال تستخدم‬
13 ‫ فاعل‬used to ‫ = مصدر‬no longer ‫ مضارع منفي = مضارع بسيط‬+(any.. more / any.. longer)
‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 He used to…………….. smoke smoking ‫ المصدر‬to ‫الن بعد‬
I I I
2 Ali is used to …………. smoking smoke be ‫الن الفاعل عاقل مع‬
I
3 The knife is used to …………….. cut cutting ‫الن الفاعل غير العاقل‬
I
4 He used to be clever but now he….. isn't doesn't isn't ‫ فنأخذ‬be ‫ فعل‬to ‫الن بعد‬
I
1 ……….she use to watch TV? Yes, she did.
Was Is Does Did
2 He used to…………….clever when he was young.
be being do doing
3 He used to…………clever things when he was young.
be being do doing
4 I didn't…………..to want to have a nice house.
used uses using use
5 Did he use to………………..French ?
study studied studying studies
6 He used to smoke ,but now he………………smoke.
doesn't don't isn't wasn't
7 He used to be lazy ,but now he……………
is isn't don't doesn't
8 Are your children used to ……………….a lot ?
walk walks walked walking
9 She used to…………………mistakes.
make makes made making
10 Did you……………….to stay up late ?
used uses using use
11 When he was young, he…………….to school on foot.
used go was used to go used to go was used going

19
 12 She is used………………up late.
for stay to stay for staying to staying
13 Ali …………..watching TV at night.
is used to used to get used to been used to
14 A watch is used………………..the time.
for tell to telling for tells for telling
15 Nails are …………………pieces of wood together.
used for fix used to fixing used to fix used for being
fixed
16 My brother didn't …………………..to smoke at all.
use used to used uses
17 Ali used……………………….lies to his friends.
to told to be told to tell for telling
18 Roquia used to have short hair, but now she………………………
couldn't wasn't doesn't isn't
19 He used to be a famous singer ,but now he……………………..
shouldn't couldn't doesn't isn't
20 She no longer…………..glass, but she used to do that when she was young.
wore is weaning wears wear
21 He is used to playing tennis every weekend ,but many years ago he…………….
wasn't Don't doesn't isn't
22 She………………here anymore.
doesn't work didn't work is used to used to work
working
23 A knife is used to …………………things like meat and cheese.
cuts have cut cutting cut
24 The Africans……………………..hot weather.
get used used are used to used to

‫اشكال المستقبل‬
am
will ‫مصدر‬ is ving
‫المضارع البسيط‬ s / ‫مصدر‬
am/ is /are going to ‫مصدر‬ ‫المضارع المستمر‬ are

‫التنبؤ بدون دليل‬-1
‫حقائق مستقبلية‬-2
‫القرارات السريعة‬-3
‫سمات (صفات) الشخصية‬-4
‫العرض والطلب والتهديد والتحذير‬-5
‫ مع هذه الكلمات‬-6
believe-expect-predict
hope-promise-sure-certainly
probably-perhaps-definitely
wonder-doubt-I'm afraid I fear-
or-otherwise ‫ واال‬ok-I don't know
‫مع هذه الروابط في الجملة الثانية‬-7
‫لهم وليس في جملتهم هم‬
After-before-by the time-
when-till-until-while-if-as
soon as- because
‫التنبؤ مع وجود دليل ولكن‬-1
‫ليس علي نفسه‬
‫التخطيط بعيد المدي‬-2
‫حدث علي وشك ان يقع‬-3
‫مع هذه الكلمات‬-4
plan-intend-intention
I know-decide-decision
take care-look out ‫احترس‬
be careful-one day
my up your mind
is about to
‫التخطيط قريب المدي مثل‬-1 ‫المواعيد الثابتة‬
‫المناسبات المقابالت والترتيبات‬ ‫مثل السينما‬
‫والمواعيد الشخصية‬ ‫والمسرح‬
‫والمدارس‬
‫مع هذه الكلمات‬-2
arranged- arrangements ‫والدروس‬
prepared- booked ‫والقطارات‬
got –packed ‫وضب‬ ‫والطائرات وغيرها‬
bought- tomorrow
all is okay

20
1 …………….…….going to travel home buy bus after school ?
You are Do you Are you You have
2 What are you going to …………………….tomorrow ?
wear wearing wore wears
3 Who …………….going to cook your meal this evening ?
is is he he is he
4 Tomorrow, we……………….try windsurfing in the morning.
going to are going going are going to
5 Is Samy going to…………………..this book ?
read reading reads to read
6 I'm going…………………..spaghetti and fish.
to eating saw eats to eat
7 Look, Grandma is carrying a lot of bags. I ……………………her .
going to help will help help didn't help
8 I'm sorry you are ill. I'm sure you…………………….feel better soon.
are going to will can't going to
9 We need some more eggs. I ……………..go to the shops and get some.
going to will am is going to
10 ………………….help me if I'm in trouble ?
Do you Will you Are you Did you
11 Look at the sky It's full of dark clouds. lt………………….soon.
can't rain is going to rain will rain rain
12 My grandfather……………………65 next month.
is would be will be is going to be
13 Hassan………………….spend the summer in Alexandria as he planned.
going to will can't is going to
14 Do you know what will………………….in the future ?
happen happens happening happened
15 Life………………easier in the future.
is was will be were
16 ……………….shops close in the next ten years ?
Do Are Have Will
17 I hope l…………………some money soon.
earns will earn earned earning
18 Look, this glass is cracked lt………………………
is going to break is breaking will break will be breaking
19 The play…………………..at seven every evening.
will begin is going to begin begins is beginning
20 Experts…………..their new driverless cars tomorrow. They're completely ready.
are testing test will test are going to test
21 I have prepared everything : l…………………to Paris.
am going to go go will go am going
22 I ……………..to Saudi Arabia. I've arranged.
will travel travel am travelling travelling
23 My cousins from Australia……………with us in August. They bought their tickets last week

21
 will stay are staying is staying are going to stay
24 We have our tickets .We.…………to London in the summer .
are going are going to go will go go
25 Dina can't see her friends this afternoon. She………………….her mother in the kitchen.
helps is helping helped was helping
26 I can't visit you tonight as l………………my uncle in the airport.
meet going to meet will meet am meeting
27 My English lesson…………….at 8 o'clock tomorrow. It's a timetable.
will start is starting starts Will have started
28 My plane………………..at 10 : 30 next Monday.
arrives will arrive is arriving is going to arrive
29 After l…………….home, l will take some rest.
arrived had arrived arrive has arrived
30 He is going to catch the bus when it………………
arrives will arrive arrived arrive

the present perfect ‫المضارع التام‬

‫التكوين‬ ‫ فاعل‬have / has + P.P P.P‫في التفضيل قبل‬ P.P ‫قبل‬
1-ever 2-already
‫هل‬ Have - Has ‫ فاعل‬P.P ? ‫من قبل‬ P.P ‫في سؤال قبل‬ ‫بالفعل‬ ‫اخر الجملة بمعني بالفعل‬
no ‫اول الجملة‬/ ‫نفي‬+ ever + p.p
‫اخر السؤال للدهشة‬
‫السؤال‬ ‫ اداة‬+ have / has ‫ فاعل‬P.P?
‫المجهول‬ ‫ مفعول‬have / has been P.P
‫اخر السؤال‬ 4-never p.p ‫قبل‬
‫االستخدام‬ ‫يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن حدث انتهي منذ‬ 3-yet
‫اخر الجملة المنفية‬
‫فترة قصيرة‬
‫حتي االن‬ 5-just p.p ‫قبل‬
‫ في الجملة المنفية‬P.P‫قبل‬
‫او بدا ومازال مستمر او ربما يستمر في المستقبل‬
8- ‫ فاعل‬have. has gone to ‫ذهب ولم يعد‬
‫ او اي دليل اخر‬for /since ‫لكن االستمرار يتطلب‬ 7- ‫ فاعل‬have. has been to ‫ذهب وعاد‬

a/an/s ‫ كلمة تنتهي‬/ ‫ عدد‬+ s ‫ كلمة تنتهي‬/ all+ ‫فترة‬

9-for
‫الكلمات‬ just-since-ever-never-so far .up till ‫بعدها يكون‬
the last + week-hour-year-month-day (s)
‫زمنية‬
‫الدالة‬ now- already long –as long as –time- how long-one + ‫فترة زمنية‬

already- over the -in the last

a/an ‫ او الذي ال يبدا ب‬s ‫مع الذي ال ينتهي‬
this + ‫ فترة زمنية‬- yet-recently-lately- 10-since
throughout ‫بعدها يكون‬ the last + ‫ اسم‬/ ‫جملة ماضي‬
today-how long-for how long the last time ‫جملة‬

‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 We have………..the lesson. wrote written P.P ‫ تأخذ‬have ‫بعد‬
2 I haven't studied…………… already yet yet ‫الجملة منفية فتأخذ‬
3 Ali has…….to cairo and will be been gone gone ‫ألنه لم يعد فنأخذ‬
back tomorrow.
4 It's the biggest house I have……. never ever ever ‫ألنها تفضيل فنأخذ‬
lived.
5 I have lived here………..two for since for ‫ فنأخذ‬s ‫الن بعد النقط ينتهي ب‬
years.

22
1 ..............you finished your homework ?
Has Have Do Did
2 They aren't rich. They ………………got much money.
hasn't aren't haven't isn't
3 He has…………..his shirt.
clean cleans cleaned cleaning
4 I …………….lost my passport.
have am is has
5 They have………………the project.
started start starts starting
6 Have you ever…………….to France ?
been am is are
7 ………………..has lived in many places.
They I He We
8 ……………….Rania read this book ?
Do Is Has Have
9 How long have you………………..her ?
know knows known knew
10 How long has he…………………this car ?
has have had having
11 He is the tallest man l………………….ever seen.
am was had have
12 ……………you enjoyed your time in the museum ?
Do Have Did Are
13 I've………………..here since January and I've really taken to it.
be being been was
14 My father has never………………….to go to hospital.
need needed needing needs
15 I've lived in Qena………………..l was a child.
for already ago since
16 Sadly, my uncle has been ill……………………he was a young man.
for when since ago
17 He has worked in this school……………….more than twenty years.
since in for at
18 My uncle has stayed abroad…………………….years.
since just already for
19 I haven't bought the new car………………………….
just ever yet since
20 Noha has………………cleaned her room. It looks nice now.
already yet never ever
21 Ali and Taha……………………many books.
has read have read reads reading

23
 22 I ……………….this book many times.
have read am reading has read reads
23 I ………………never travelled outside my country.
has have am was
24 My father hasn't………………….reading the newspapers yet.
finish finishing had finished finishd
25 I've just………………..my first vegetables.
grown grew growing grow
26 This is the tallest girl I've………………….seen.
never over ever since
27 I've lived in Qena……………………2001.
since for yet already
28 My sister hasn't read David Copperfield………………..high school.
for since yet already
29 Adam's parents have lived in the same house…………….25 years.
for since when ago
30 Have you done the homework ? – Not………………….
yet already never since
31 I ……………..finished my homework, so we can go to the park.
just have just has has just have just
32 Have you done your work alone…………….? I can't believe it.
yet already ever just

relative pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬

‫مكان‬ ‫قبل النقط‬

‫عاقل‬ ‫قبل النقط‬ why ‫فعل‬
‫غري عاقل‬ ‫قبل النقط‬ ‫مبعين ملاذا‬ What
‫ناخذ‬
‫للسببية‬ ‫يف اول اجلملة‬
)‫مبعين ( ما‬
Which ( that) Which ‫ فاعل‬/ ‫فعل‬ Where ‫فاعل‬
who ‫فعل‬/ ‫فاعل‬
‫او بعد فعل مبعين‬
whom +)‫(فاعل‬
*‫بعد النقط فعل‬ ‫* عدا ذلك‬ ‫ما ايضا‬
(that) )that (
*‫مع‬stage /reach / get to
‫علما انه‬ ‫علما انه‬ * ‫اذا اتي قبل النقط‬
in /arrive at‫قبل النقط‬
‫ال يأتي قبلها‬ ‫يأتي قبلها‬ whose ‫ اسم‬+ ‫فعل‬
‫حرف جر او اخر اجلملة‬ *‫قبلها حرف جر ولكن مل يذكر املكان‬
‫حرف جر‬ ‫قبل النقط أي حاجة‬
‫حرف جر‬
*‫اذا مل حيدث يف هذا املكان حدث‬ From where are you ?
‫بس حتتاج الرتمجة‬
‫زمان نأخذ‬ ‫قبل النقط‬ * ‫بعد النقط‬visit ‫صفة ملكية‬
attend / recommend
‫والسبب الن لو حطناهم قبل املكان ال يأخذوا حرف جر‬
her ‫تنوب عن‬
their / his
‫مع مالحظة انه‬
Which‫ فاعل‬/ ‫فعل‬ when ‫فاعل‬ ‫رمبا يأتي االسم علي هيئة‬
‫فعل مثل‬
‫*اذا اتي بعد النقط فعل‬ ‫عدا ذلك‬ visit ‫زيارة‬
stay ‫اقامة‬
‫*اذا اتي قبل االداة جرف جر‬ The day when ‫ميكن ان يأتي قبلها حرف جر‬
I play whose ‫ال يأتي بعد‬
‫*اذا مل حيدث فيه حدث‬ ‫فعل وال أي فاصل وال ضمري‬

The day which is

a holiday
Ving p.p
‫وتكون الرتمجة حتتاج‬
‫ملعلوم‬

It's the book I lent to you ‫بان بعد النقط مفيش مفعول‬
Killing my brother
injured in the accident

24
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 I saw the man………….stole me. who whom ............ ‫بعد النقط فعل فنأخذ‬
2 I met the boy………watch is gold. whom whose ......... ‫المعني يحتاج هاء الملكية فنأخذ‬
3 This is the school………I learn in. where which .......... ‫هناك حرف جر اخر الجملة فنأخذ‬
4 I have seen………….you bought? what which ......... ‫المعني يحتاج ما الن قبل النقط فعل‬
1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :

1 Mr. Hamed has a son………………is a doctor.

who which where whose
2 We bought a flat…………..is near the school.
who which where what
3 What's the name of the book……………………you are reading ?
who which where what
4 The people…………………………live next door are very friendly.
who which where whom
5 This is the village……………………my father was born.
who which where what
6 Please, show me the photos………………………you took on sports Day.
who which where what
7 Tennis is a game……………….many people enjoy.
who which where what
8 That's the sports club………………my brother plays basketball.
who which where that
9 That is the shop…………………..Magda bought her jumper.
who which that where
10 Alexandria is the city……………….we like most.
who which when where
11 Mr Ali,……………………is a teacher, is very kind and helpful.
who which where that
12 Arabic is a language……………………is spoken in many countries.
who which where what
13 This is the house……………………my father bought last year.
who which where what
14 This is the place………………..my professor had the accident.
where when who which
15 My neighbour,………………a teacher, sometimes helps me with my English.
where who which who's
16 The museum,…………………..is near our school, is always busy in the afternoon.
whose who which where
17 Luxor,…………….thousands of tourists stay every year, is near the Nile
whose who which where
18 Teachers like the pupils………………………are clever.
where who when which
19 A waiter is a man…………….serves drinks and food in a restaurant.
who when whose which

25
20 thank you very much for your e.mail………………….was very interesting.
what who where that
21 We went to the mosque………………….is in the middle of the square.
which where who whose
22 The house……………….they live in is very old.
which where when that
23 It is the month July………………we go on holiday.
which where when that
24 This is the man………………..flat we are all staying in.
who whose in whose in which
25 Mona is the kind of person…………..likes and dislikes differ from mine.
who's whose whom which
26 What did you do with the money………………..your mother lent you ?
where which who whose
27 Sham El- Nesiem is a day………………..marks the beginning of spring.
in which which who whose
28 The man to…………………….l spoke is a foreigner.
who whom which whose
29 Have you seen……………….she bought from the book fair ?
what that which when
30 The man,………………….the car, is called Seif.
that is driving driven driving who driving
31 Many goods……………….in all over the world are made in china.
which is sold which sold selling sold
32 I came to apologize for………………….l had done. I hope you will forgive me.
which that when what
33 Ali is the boy by………………l was helped.
whose who whom that
34 2017 is the year……………..which my son was born.
on at in by
35 the woman………………….the wallet was stolen, called the police.
from who whom whose from whom
36 tourists………………….stay cost much, moved to a cheaper hotel.
whose who who's whom
37 I've hidden the money………………..no one will find it.
what that where who
38 This is the interesting novel………………..I wanted to lend you.
what that where who
39 Unfortunately, it was only a one – year guarantee………..came with the fridge, so we will
have to pay so much to have it repaired.
what that where who
40 Do you know the manager with……………..I work ?
who that whom whose

26
 Passive ‫املبين للمجهول‬
Tense ‫ معلوم‬active ‫جمهول‬passive ‫الكلمات الدالة‬
Present simple ( v / v + s)  (am – is –are ) +p.p every – usually - always
‫املضارع البسيط‬ Jana watches TV. TV is watched by Jana . sometimes / a + ‫فرتة زمنية‬
‫ميعاد ثابت متكرر‬/ ‫عادة متكرره‬
Present continuous (am – is – are ) + v + ing ● (am – is – are )+ being + p.p now –today –at the moment
‫املضارع املستمر‬ Jana is watching TV. TV is being watched by still –can't – ‫او أي عالمة دالة علي‬
Jana. ‫االستمرار‬
Present perfect (have –has )+ p.p ●(have – has )+ been + p.p since –for –yet‫– منفي‬ever
‫املضارع التام‬ Jana has watched TV. TV has been watched by recently –lately –just…
Jana

Past simple (v +ed / ‫او غري منتظم ) التصريف الثاني للفعل‬

(was –were) + p.p yesterday –ago –in –last
‫املاضي البسيط‬ Jana watched TV . ‫او أي عالمة دالة علي املاضي‬
TV was watched by Jana.
Past continuous (was –were) +v +ing (was – were) + being + p.p as –just as –while –when
‫املاضي املستمر‬ Jana was watching TV. TV was being watched by Jana because –couldn't

Past perfect had + p.p had + been + p.p by the time –after –by
‫املاضي التام‬ Jana had watched TV. TV had been watched by Jana before - because – as soon as
Past perfect had +been +v +ing had + been + p.p all ‫ فرتة زمنية‬now
Continuous Jana had been watching TV. TV had been watched by Jana ‫او أي عالمة علي االستمرار‬
‫املاضي التام املستمر‬

1 The flowers are watered……………….my brother every morning.

of by with at
2 How are cakes………………… ?
made make makes making
3 The planes…………………..after every journey.
cleaned was cleaned were cleaning are cleaned
4 The museum…………………..by thousands of tourists every day.
visited visiting is visited was visited
5 Rice …………………………..in Egypt.
grows grew is grown are grown
6 How is the salt…………………out of the sea water ?
takes taken took taking
7 ……………….the books put on the shelf ?
Are Does Is Did
8 Coffee………………in many countries nowadays.
is drunk drinks drunk drinking
9 How………………………tables made ?
is are were have been
10 In Bosnia, eggs……………….in a big pan.
cook are cooked is cooked are cooking
11 Morse code was…………………to make message simple.
developed develop develops developing
12 Many messages………………sent all over the world.
were was is be
13 The telegraph machine…………………..invented in the 1830s.
were are was do

27
14 many letters…………………sent to Ahmed last week.
was were is see
15 The telephone was…………………in 1876.
invent invents invented inventing
16 The first email was………………….in 1771.
sent send sends sending
17 The messages………………….delivered to the correct person.
was were is being
18 A telegraph machine was………………………a telegram.
call called calling calling
19 The pyramids……………….built by the Ancient Egyptians.
are was were being
20 The factory…………………built last year.
are was were being
21 Everybody………………..by the terrible news yesterday morning.
were shocked was shocked are shocked is shocked
22 Ali expected to see Aya at the party. He ……………when he saw her.
was surprised didn't surprise wasn't surprised surprised
23 My mother is very angry because some paint……………..on the carpet in the living room.
has been spilt was spilling had been spilt will spill
24 A passenger plane flying from Jordan to London……………..by the terrorists this morning.
has been hijacked hijacked will hijack has been hijack
25 The news that her lost cat……………….was a great happiness to her.
is found was found was going to find did find
26 So far l……………….by every employer l have applied to.
was rejected had been am rejected have been
rejected rejected
27 The box……………….by someone. I cannot open it.
locked have been has been has to locked
locked locked
28 It ………………that a new pyramid has been found at Saqqara.
has been said has said says is saying
29 Our block of flat…………………….in 2022.
have painted has been painted was painted were painted
30 Did you go to the party ?'' No, l……………………..
didn't invite hadn't invited wasn't invited invited
31 Their business……………….over by a new company last year.
is to be taken has to be taken has been taken was taken
32 A lot of crimes……………….in this neighborhood last month.
are committed were committed were committing committed
33 They report that two people…………………in the explosion.
were killed killed have killed are to kill
34 I didn't realize that our conversation…………………….
has recorded recorded was being Was recording
recorded

28
 35 No announcement about the results………………….so far.
have been made has been was made hasn't been
made made
36 Don't touch the wall. It………………………
has just been has painted is painted had been
painted painted
37 Yesterday's presentation………………….by a new professor.
has been given was given had given is given
38 After she …………………..of the terrible news, she fainted.
been informed had been having having been
informed informed informed
39 I'm worried, the missing car…………………………….yet.
hadn't been found hasn't found hasn't been found didn't find

0 – if ‫مضارع فاعل‬
if ‫حاالت‬
‫ العادة‬/ ‫مع احلقيقة‬
‫مضارع فاعل‬
‫ مثال او احتمال‬this ‫حتديد بـ‬
1 – if ‫مضارع فاعل‬ ‫ فاعل‬will – can – may ‫مصدر‬

2- if ‫ماضي بسيط فاعل‬ ‫ فاعل‬would –could –might ‫مصدر‬

3- if ‫ماضي تام فاعل‬ ‫ فاعل‬would – could –might have p.p

‫ علي الفاعل‬would/will/can/does/do ‫السؤال عليهم نقدم‬-1 ‫الحظ هذه البدائل‬

‫ املضارع‬don't/doesn't ‫رمبا حتتاج للنفي مع هذه االزمنة‬-2 ‫المعني‬ ‫الكلمة‬

‫املاضي‬ didn't ‫في حالة‬ in case ‫جملة‬

‫املاضي التام‬ hadn't ‫في حالة‬ in case of ving / ‫اسم‬

‫املضارع‬ am/is/are+ p.p ‫رمبا حتتاج للمبين للمجهول مع االزمنة‬-3 ‫اذا لم‬ unless ‫جملة‬

‫املاضي‬ was/were p.p ‫بدون‬ without ving /‫اسم‬

‫ املاضي التام‬had been p.p ‫لو‬ should ‫مصدر فاعل‬.

wish ‫يتمين‬
‫ افترض‬/ ‫تخيل‬ imagine / suppose ‫جملة‬

'd rather ‫يفضل‬

‫ماضي بسيط فاعل‬
it's time ‫حان الوقت‬

suppose ‫افرتض‬

as if ‫كما لو‬ ‫( لو يف عالمة ان احلدث انتهي) ماضي تام فاعل‬

29
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 If you heat water , it……………….. melts will melt ‫الجملة حقيقية فنأخذ مضارع‬

2 If Ali cut himself ,he…………. will cry would cry S ‫الجملة ماضي ألنه مش ضايف‬

3 .............emergency, call them. in case in case of Of ‫بعد النقط اسم فنأخذ‬

4 If I had a book , l….…..read. would would have P.P ‫الجملة ماضي بسيط ألنه مفيش‬

1 If it rains tomorrow, we………………..at home.

will stay stayed stay might stay
2 As long as you…………..boil your food, it won't lose vitamins.
don't won't hadn't haven't
3 You ……………………earn more if you spoke French.
will would must should
4 I…………it very much if they gave the job to Ali.
don't like didn't like won't like wouldn't like
5 ........................l his address, l could visit her.
Had If Should Were
6 If the money l had,…………………enough, I'd have bought a new house.
had had been been were
7 If he arrived early,…………………catch the metro ?
he would would he he will will he
8 ………………….his assistance, l might have lost my job.
Without If Unless Should
9 …………………that you lived by the sea, what would you do every day ?
Condition As long Imagine Supposed
10 Only call us………………………an emergency.
in case in case of if as long as
11 ………………she arrive early, l would help her.
If Should Were Unless
12 If l could, l…………………….to Madrid.
would to go would go will go must
13 What …………………..happen if you didn't go to the office ?
will must may would
14 ………………….you go to the cinema if you had money ?
Will Shall Would Should
15 My mother……………….very angry if l lost the ring.
would be should be would to be won't be
16 I wish l……………….go to the stadium tomorrow.
can could will may
17 I ………….………..he would attend the next meeting.
wish hope eager want
18 I wish l…………….on a desert island, it's my dearest dream.
had lived could live will live will have lived

30
 19 If only l………………high marks last exam.
had had have had have had
20 I wish she……………….me .
loved love loves will love
21 The food will be OK to eat if you………………….it up before five seconds.
had picked picks picked pick
22 If they……………..agree with me, I'll go to the director.
don't didn't won't wouldn't
23 If you………………….the bill before Friday, we will take the computer back.
paid didn't pay don't pay pay
24 What will you do if you………………………a bad grade in the test ?
got gets had got get
25 If the table…………………clean, it won't have bacteria on it.
look looks had looked looked
26 If he……………………enough money, he'll buy a car.
have had has having
27 If l…………………tired, l would have to take a rest.
feel don't feel had felt felt
28 I'm not tired enough to go to bed. If l……………..to bed now, l wouldn't sleep.
go went had gone would go
29 I wouldn't go out if it…………………….
rained rains has rained had rained
30 What would you do if your friend………………….an accident ?
have would have has had
31 If Ali………………..taller, he would be a good basketball player.
is was had been am
32 If my watch……………….right, he wouldn't have to fix it.
will be had been were is

Countable and uncountable ‫املعدود والغري معدود‬

countable uncountable

‫ميكن مجعه‬ ‫املعدود‬ ‫ال ميكن مجعه‬ ‫الغري معدود‬ ‫املثبتة‬ ‫املنفية‬
some ‫العرض والطلب‬ any
an / a ‫ ويأخذ فعل مجع ويأخذ‬s ‫ينتهي ب‬ an / a ‫ وبأخذ مفرد وال يأخذ‬S ‫ال ينتهي بـ ـ ـ‬ ‫السؤال ب ـ‬ ‫?السؤال‬
Can could – would? would -Can – could ‫عدا‬

‫عدا الشواذ‬ ‫عدا الشواذ‬

People – children – men hummus - news * many / few +‫معدود‬ * much / little+ ‫غري معدود‬
Women – oxen – teeth
*too many + ‫معدود‬ *too much + ‫غري معدود‬

‫الحظ يا صديقي‬
*a lot of - enough + ‫ غري معدود‬/ ‫معدود‬

‫احلروف املتحركة‬ ‫الغري معدود مثل‬ *there is ‫* يوجد للمفرد‬there are ‫يوجد للجمع‬
a/u/I/e/o ‫امساء الرياضيات‬
‫كلمات غري معدودة‬
‫احلروف الساكنة عدا ذلك‬ ‫واملواد‬
water – bread – turkey – coffee – soup – chicken –
‫اخلام واملواد الدراسية‬
meat – juice – information – rubbish – money – advice – time –
‫والسؤال والصفات‬ news – work – furniture – sugar – salt - lamb

31
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 I like……………….. a meat meat a ‫ال نها غير معدود فال نأخذ‬

2 This information…………useful. is are ‫ال نها غير معدود فتأخذ مفرد‬

3 Is there…………..chaise ? some any any ‫ال نها سؤال فتأخذ‬

4 I have…………….books. enough a lot ‫ فتأخذ‬of ‫ ناقصة‬a lot ‫الن‬

5 Would you like…………….tea ? any some some ‫ فتأخذ‬would ‫سؤال بـ‬

1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :

1 I have got……………………..potatoes.
too much much too many a lot
2 She likes to eat……………………meat for dinner.
some any an a
3 There are………………….rice pudding recipes online.
any much a lot of a lot
4 There are…………….girls in the class, but there aren't any boys.
too much much too many a lot
5 There is……………………….hummus.
many too many a lot a lot of
6 Rice pudding is easy to make because there are not………………..of ingredients.
some enough a lot too mush
7 I don't like this tea. There is………………..sugar in it.
too many a lot too much many
8 There are………………..people in the market today.
too much much a lot too many
9 There is………………….milk in the fridge.
some any few many
10 There……………………any olives at the market today.
is are isn't aren't
11 There…………….fish and rice for fifteen people.
is are isn't aren't
12 I don't like these cakes because they have……………………sugar in them.
too much too many enough a lot of
13 There is not………………….rain for orange trees to grow in the desert.
too much too many enough a lot of
14 There are……………….people on the beach today. Let's go to another one.
too much too many enough a lot of
15 There……………….figs in the cupboard.
is any are any aren't any aren't some
16 There…………………….cheese in the fridge.
is any are any are some is some
17 Can you buy more orange juice, please ? There……………….in the fridge.
isn't some aren't any isn't any aren't some
18 There is ………………..water in that bottle.
much few many any
32
19 No, there aren't……………………figs.
any much some no
20 Is there any hummus ? No, there……………………..
isn't aren't are is
21 ………………there any apples on the tree this year ?
Is Was Are Has
22 I don't like to have…………….salt in my food because it is not very healthy.
some any many several
23 Would you like…………………cake, Leila ? No, thanks.
any some many plenty
24 There are……………………notebooks on the table.
a lot of any much little
25 My mother didn't buy…………………….tomatoes last week.
any some much little
26 Is there………………MP3 player ?
some a an much
27 Are there……………………..tablets ?
some a any a lot
28 ………………any printers ?
There is Is there Are there There are
29 There aren't………………………tablets in our class.
some much any a lot
30 We don't have………………………money.
many some any do
31 There are………………….peppers, too.
some any an much
32 Is there………………….cheese in the dish ?
no any some many
33 There is some salt, but there…………………any crisps. ) ‫( مقرمشات‬
is are aren't isn't
34 There aren't…………………tomatoes in the fridge.
some any much no
35 Meat …………………………..my favourite food.
are am is aren't
36 No, there aren't…………………….figs.
are many some no
37 Don't put………………….butter ) ‫ ( زبدة‬in the pan.
enough too much many some
38 There are too…………………..people in the market.
many much enough any
39 There's…………………………….rice for you all.
many any lot enough
40 I don't like this tea. There is too……………………….sugar in it.
a lot many much some
41 There is…………………….milk in the bottle.
many too many enough a lot

33
 ‫‪a/ an /the / no article‬‬

‫‪a / an‬‬ ‫‪no article /no word‬‬

‫* قبل أي اسم مفرد يعد‬ ‫بدون اداة‬
‫* قبل االعداد االتية ‪hundred‬‬
‫‪-1‬مع االمساء اليت ال تعد وهي‬
‫‪thousand-million-half-quarter‬‬
‫* اسم مفرد ‪ +‬صفة ‪a/an +‬‬
‫اطعمة‬ ‫مواد دراسية‬ ‫االمساء املعنوية‬
‫امساء اللغات‬
‫الفرق بني ‪a / an‬‬ ‫ومشروبات‬ ‫مواد خام‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫مثل‬
‫وجبات يوم‬ ‫‪ Success‬العاب رياضية‬ ‫‪English‬‬

‫متحرك‪an +‬‬ ‫ساكن ‪a +‬‬

‫عدا الشواذ‬
‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬عند التحدث عن اجلمع بوجه عام بدون حتديد‬
‫‪ -3‬قبل امساء املدن والدول‬
‫عدا الشواذ‬
‫‪ --‬مع مجل املقارنة من الدرجة الثانية‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬قبل كلمة ‪work / home‬‬
‫اذا كان احلرف االول‬ ‫‪ u.e‬اذا نطق يو‬ ‫‪-1‬قبل االسم ا ملفرد ا ملكرر‬
‫‪-2‬الشيء الذ ى يوجد منه واحد يف‬ ‫‪the more….the more‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬قبل هذه االماكن اذا كان الذهاب اليها‬
‫ال ينطق وبعده متحرك‬ ‫‪ o‬اذا نطقت وا‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫‪the faster….the earlier‬‬
‫للغرض الذي أنشئت من اجله‬
‫مثل‬ ‫مثل ‪uniform‬‬ ‫‪-3‬قبل اآلالت املوسيقية للعزف عليها اما‬ ‫‪ -12‬احيانا مع اماكن التسلية والرتفيه‬
‫استخدامها يف احلديث كجهاز تأخذ ‪a /an‬‬ ‫‪school – bed – hospital – prison‬‬
‫)‪(the cinema‬‬
‫‪hour‬‬ ‫‪university‬‬ ‫‪4‬مع صفات التفضيل الدرجة الثالثة اليت‬ ‫‪court – church – mosque‬‬
‫‪ 13‬مع امساء اجلنسيات اجلمع مثل‬
‫‪*an + SMS‬‬ ‫‪European‬‬ ‫تنتهى ب ‪est.‬‬
‫‪the Egyptians / Greeks‬‬
‫‪ -6‬بعد ‪second / first / 's‬‬
‫‪ -5‬مع االمساء املعرفة بأداة وصل سواء كتبت او‬
‫‪honest‬‬ ‫‪Useful‬‬ ‫تستدعيها الرتمجة العربية‬

‫‪one‬‬ ‫‪-6‬مع امساء البالد اذا سبقت بـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ‪republic‬‬ ‫‪-14‬االخرتاعات وفصائل احليوانات‬
‫‪middle east - kingdom-union-‬‬
‫‪states-‬‬
‫* كذلك االختصارات لبعض الدول مثل‬ ‫الحظ‬
‫يف نصف اجلملة‬ ‫اول اجلملة بـ ‪the‬‬
‫‪K.S.A/ARE/UK/USA‬‬
‫‪a/ an‬‬
‫‪-7‬مع امساء البحار واحمليطات واالنهار‬
‫وسيلة ‪by‬‬ ‫‪in the car /taxi‬‬
‫واهلضاب‬ ‫وسيلة اخري ‪on the‬‬
‫‪ -15‬كلمة ‪space‬‬ ‫بدون اداة‬
‫‪ -8‬مع سالسل اجلبال والبحريات واجلزر‬
‫اجلمع‬
‫‪ -9‬قبل الصفة لإلشارة الي مجع من‬ ‫‪The /a/ an‬‬ ‫اذا استخدمت‬
‫الناس ‪The (rich – homeless -‬‬ ‫اذا استخدمت‬ ‫مبعين الفضاء‬
‫مبعين الفراغ‬
‫‪young –disabled Poor – sick‬‬
‫‪-10‬قبل فرتات اليوم عدا ‪at night‬‬

‫(ال تعد) ‪uncountable‬‬ ‫(تعد) ‪countable‬‬

‫‪business‬‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫‪a business- businesses‬‬ ‫شركة‪/‬مشروع‬
‫‪chicken‬‬ ‫حلم الدجاج‬ ‫‪a chicken – chickens‬‬ ‫دجاجة‬
‫‪coffee‬‬ ‫قهوة‬ ‫‪a coffee – coffees‬‬ ‫فنجان قهوة‬
‫‪cold‬‬ ‫الربد عموما‬ ‫‪a cold – colds‬‬ ‫نزلة برد‬
‫‪experience‬‬ ‫خربة‬ ‫‪an experience – experiences‬‬ ‫جتربة حياتية‬
‫‪glass‬‬ ‫الزجاج‬ ‫‪a glass- glasses‬‬ ‫كوب زجاجي‬
‫‪hair‬‬ ‫الشعر‬ ‫‪a hair – hairs‬‬ ‫شعرة‬
‫‪iron‬‬ ‫احلديد‬ ‫‪an iron – irons‬‬ ‫مكواة‬
‫الضوء‬ ‫مصباح كهربي‬
‫‪light‬‬ ‫‪a light – lights‬‬
‫اللون الربتقالي‬ ‫برتقال‬
‫‪orange‬‬ ‫‪an orange – orangs‬‬
‫ورق الكتابة‬ ‫جريدة ‪ /‬وثيقة‬
‫‪paper‬‬ ‫‪a paper – papers‬‬
‫الوقت‬ ‫مرات‬
‫‪time‬‬ ‫‪a time – times‬‬

‫امثلة للتوضيح‬

‫‪1 I bought………..pen you wanted.‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫الترجمية تحتاج (اللي)التعريفية فتأخذ ‪the‬‬

‫‪2 I wore…………….uniform .‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪an‬‬ ‫الن )‪ (u‬ينطق يو فهو ساكن فتأخذ ‪a‬‬

‫‪3 He is…………good teacher.‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫الن االسم مفرد معدود فتأخذ ‪a‬‬
‫‪4 I like to have…………..chicken.‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪no article‬‬ ‫ألنها غير معدود فتأخذ ‪no article‬‬

‫‪5 ……………children are naughty.‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪no article‬‬ ‫ألنها جمع فتأخذ ‪no article‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
1 He had…………..dream last night. In the dream, he was ten meters tall .
a an the no article
2 Ahmed's father is……………………..teacher.
a an the no article
3 He's………………………architect.
a an the no article
4 It is not easy to be………………………….teenager.
a an the no article
5 Mahmoud cannot walk and has to use……………………………wheelchair.
a an the no article
6 He was travelling on………………………bus we like .
a an the no article
7 We have ………………………….house with a garden.
a an the no article
8 The journey by train takes…………………………..hour.
a an the no article
9 My teacher always advises me to be………………………..honest citizen.
a an the no article
10 My teacher always advises us to be…………………………honest citizens.
a an the no article
11 Crete is………………….island in the Mediterranean sea.
a an the no article
12 If they have………………..good friend, he or she can help, too.
a an the no article
13 He's just written………………very interesting book.
a an the no article
14 Omar read…………………………..interesting story.
a an the no article
15 I've bought………………………..new computer.
a an the no article
16 What………………………useful book we have read .
a an the no article
17 Is there…………………….MP3 player behind the laptop ?
a an the no article
18 l want to write…………………..short story. It looks like fun.
a an the no article
19 The pharaohs made……………………great civilization thousands of years ago.
a an the no article
20 In today's programme, we hear about…………………………..brave man.
a an the no article
21 We live in…………………………..old house near to the Nile.
a an the no article
22 My aunt has………………………one – year son called Sami.
a an the no article
23 You should do exercises two or three times………………………….day.
a an the no article
24 Maha went to a school in Cairo. ………………….school was very big.
A An The No article

35
25 …………………European person l met in the museum was friendly.
A An The No article
26 Look at………………woman over there she is a famous scientist.
a an the no article
27 I finished…………………..homework before l went out.
a an the no article
28 ………………….school holidays are starting soon.
A An The No article
29 ………………….giraffe is found in Africa.
A An The No article
30 Japan is a large group of islands in……………………..pacific ocean.
a an the no article
31 At night, we can see the moon in……………………..sky.
a an the no article
32 ……………….sun has been shining all day.
A An The No article
33 I read a book . …………………….book is really useful.
A An The No article
34 ………………story Omar read was interesting.
A An The No article
35 Will …………………..software that we use today be on the computers of tomorrow ?
a an the no article
36 ……………….poem l read yesterday is really interesting.
A An The No article
37 ………………….Amazon is in south America.
A An The No article
38 …………………….Red sea is between Africa and Asia.
A An The No article
39 I live in………………………Egypt.
a an the no article
40 I live in…………………..Arab Republic of Egypt.
a an the no article
41 When was…………………….telephone invented ?
a an the no article
42 The most important invention is…………………………..internet.
a an the no article
43 The more you practice,……………………………………..better you get.
a an the no article
44 Crete is …………………………..largest Greek island.
a an the no article
45 My father is one of………………………best doctors in our town.
a an the no article
46 The countryside is……………………….least polluted area in Egypt.
a an the no article
47 Who can they ask for……………………….advice ?
a an the no article
48 Nothing is more important than…………………………freedom.
a an the no article
36
49 I want to study……………………….science.
a an the no article
50 We always have……………….lunch in a very splendid restaurant.
a an the no article
51 They all went to…………………lunch organized by their uncle.
a an the no article
52 Marwa went to…………………….hospital to visit her uncle.
a an the no article
53 Joe had an accident yesterday. He's still in………………….hospital now.
a an the no article
54 The satellite is orbiting in………………………………….space.
a an the no article
55 I've just seen………………amazing school. The school is modern.
a an the no article
56 Marwan Shabana is…………………..history teacher.
a an the no article
57 I'm……………………………..English teacher.
a an the no article
58 Sami is a journalist. He works for………………….newspaper in Cairo.
a an the no article
59 I think this is the best museum in Alexandria. Is there…………………museum in your town ?
a an the no article
60 It can sometimes be difficult to find……………….radio station.
a an the no article

Adjective and adverb ‫الصفة واحلال‬

‫الحال‬ ‫الصفة‬
ly ‫ينتهي بـ‬ ly ‫ال تنتهي بـ‬
hard- fast ‫عدا‬ friendly ‫عدا‬
Well – wrong neighborly..

‫استخدامها‬ ‫استخدامها‬
be ‫بعد‬ He is tall
‫بعد فعل‬ I Speak fluently
‫اصلي‬ He is a tall man
He is well organized ‫قبل االسم‬
‫الحال‬ ‫قبل الصفة‬ ‫صفة‬
feel – ‫بعد‬ He feels angry
‫بعد الحال بشرط‬ He speaks very well
‫الفعل يكون اصلي‬ find –get-

‫ملحوظات هامة‬ become

‫ لو االجابة تحتاج حال وهناك حالين ناخذ بالمعني‬-1

The turtle walks ( slowly – quickly )
how ‫ نسال عن الحال بـ‬-2

37
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬

1 He studies ………… good well ‫الن الفعل اصلي بدون اسم‬

2 He is a……………..boy. polite politely ‫بعد النقط اسم فنأخذ صفة‬

3 He is…………..waiting. patient patiently ‫ فنأخذ حال‬ving / ‫بعد النقط صفة‬

4 He was…………… happy happily ‫هنا فعل يكون بدون صفة بعد النقط فنأخذ‬
‫صفة‬
1 Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :
1 You walk…………………….please hurry.
slowly quickly loudly fast
2 She can't play the harp. She played it…………………………………
quick sad badly well
3 Speak to Ali……………………….,please. the baby is sleeping.
loudly well quietly slow
4 Menna is a good singer. She sings……………………………….
badly loud softly quick
5 He is…………………………because he played well.
sad sadly happily happy
6 …………………….did he play the tuba ? He played it badly.
When What How Whose
7 I can't eat……………………………..
quickly quick slow bad
8 He is crying. He is playing the flute………………………….
happily sadly happy sad
9 How did you play the piano ? I played it…………………………….
good happily sad slow
10 Can you ride a bike………………………………. ?
quick quickly slow quiet
11 She is a……………………………girl.
good well badly sadly
12 Salma walks…………………………… .She is tired.
slow slower slowly slowest
13 …………………………did you play the flute ? I played it well.
When How Where What
14 Eman is………………………… .She has a new dress.
happily happy happier happiest
15 She plays the flute……………………………
quick quiet quietly loud
16 They played the harp………………………….
loudly loud good bad
17 She ran ……………………..into the room.
happy happily sad good
18 I don't remember him very……………………………..
good well sad happy

38
 ‫ادوات الربط‬
Ving

because of
on account of because therefore
as a result of so / thus
owing to as consequently
due to
thanks to
since that's why
through which is why
as a result
for this reason
despite although

Ving
as a consequence
in spite of though
for all even though /while

regardless of even if /never as

In addition
in addition to
besides that
as well as
, but additionally
besides
, however moreover
, yet /still further more
ving ‫ نأخذ مجلة بدال من‬the fact that‫اذا اتي بعدهم كلهم‬-1 nevertheless
whereas
ving ‫لو اسم قبل الفاعل تعترب من روابط‬-2

‫لكي‬ ‫مضارع‬ ‫ماضي‬

so that –in order that –in the hope that ‫فاعل‬ can / will /may / could / would / might ‫مصدر‬

‫خد بالك يا صديقي‬

1-to /in order to /so as to ‫مصدر‬ 7-not only ..but also ‫لو الفاعل نفسه يف اجلملتني نقدم الفعل املساعد علي الفاعل‬

2-however ‫ حال‬/ ‫) بالرغم من ) فاعل صفة‬ 8-being ‫)حتل حمل اداة الربط اول اجلملة خاصة السببية ( كونه‬

3- ‫حال‬/ ‫ صفة‬as ‫) بالرغم من ) فعل فاعل‬
4-whatever ‫اسم‬ ‫)بالرغم من) فعل فاعل‬
5-as well as –in addition –besides –not –altogether ‫الفعل يتبع ما قبلهم‬
6 -or / either…or /neither…nor ‫الفعل يتبع الفاعل الثاني‬
9- ‫ رمبا يكون فاعل وذلك اذا اتي بعده فعل‬ving ‫تذكر ان الـ ـ‬
‫مثل‬ studying is useful
10-contrast / ‫ التناقض‬/purpose ‫غرض‬
addition ‫ االضافة‬time ‫ الزمن‬reason ‫ ال ـ ــسبب‬/ result
11- nor / neither ‫فعل مساعد‬+ ‫بمعني وال انا كذلك في النفي (فاعل‬
12-so /either ‫ فعل مساعد‬+ ‫بمعني وانا كذلك في االثبات (فاعل‬

after ‫ – بعد‬before ‫ – قبل‬while ‫ – اثناء‬on ‫ بعد‬/‫خد بالك من معانيهم‬

1 He feels happy,……….he is poor. so although ‫المعني يحتاج بالرغم من فنأخذ‬

2 He feels happy........his poverty. although despite ‫بعد النقط اسم فنأخذ‬

3 He studies hard,……..…he came first. but so ‫المعني يحتاج لذلك‬

4 …….strength he is ,he can't win. Whatever However ‫بعد النقط اسم فنأخذ‬
5 Not only Ali but also boys………… clever. is are ‫ فنأخذ‬but also ‫الفعل يتبع ما بعد‬

1 I had to study around the clock………………pass my exams.

because in order to so as so that
2 ………………….the bad weather, the match was played.
Although Despite However Because
3 I've felt extremely tired today………………l went to bed early last night.
because however although so
39
4 ………………studying hard, we got low marks.
In spite of However Although Whatever
5 On ………………..the policeman, the thief ran away.
to see seeing he saw saw
6 I repeated the lesson……………………be sure that the students understood.
so as to as to therefore so that
7 ……………….graduating, he became a journalist.
After Although Despite In spite of
8 ……………….being very tired, I continued working.
Even though Therefore As well Despite
9 He not only missed his family but he………….…………missed his old friends.
or also either as well
10 ………………he got a good job, he was not happy.
Because Although But Besides
11 …………………he was at oxford, he wrote a few poems.
While Although Despite In spite of
12 …………………..hearing the good news, everyone smiled and clapped.
On When Because So
13 …………………..the boys had played football, they had a shower.
While Because After Although
14 He was very unhappy at school…………….he was regularly bullied.
but although because so
15 Toka felt much better……………………talking with her advisor.
after because but if
16 ……………writing his own novels, he translated French and Italian literature into Arabic.
As well as Because of In addition In spite of
17 ………………….his old age, my uncle is very energetic.
Although Despite Because of In spite
18 …………………..being depressed, he's having trouble in school.
In addition Besides Beside Despite
19 He found it difficult to concentrate…………………..his worry about his grades.
because as due to since
20 …………….going to bed last night, I read a chapter of a book.
But Although Before After
21 ………………it rarely rains in Egypt, some tourists bring umbrellas with them.
But So Although However
22 ……………they saw the road accident, the cars drove more slowly.
So Because If Although
23 After………………..the reports, she saw a film.
typed had typed types typing
24 He was depressed,…………………..he went to see his advisor.
as but because so
25 I stayed in my room……………………..l was tired of working all the time.
so because but due to
26 It is my mother's birthday soon,……………….…….l want to buy her a present.
so but because however
27 Mohamed studies hard,………….………he isn't getting good grades.
but because despite when
40
28 There's no airport in the city,………………… there's one about fifty miles away.
however even through beside to
29 While Al Daifi………………….on a holiday, he wrote two books.
is was being was had been
30 ……………………poverty he has, he bought a large villa.
Whatever However Although Inspite
31 Strong ………..……………he is, he couldn't lift the case.
although as despite so
32 He woke up very late,……………………he didn't catch the train.
although so because however
33 My father could have taken you to the airport,………………..you didn't ask him.
so as well as and but
34 ………………….l have not seen him before, I knew who he was.
Because Although So When
35 I've been feeling tired all day,………………I'm going to bed early tonight.
because but so though
36 Not only………………he miss his family but he is also experiencing culture shock.
has does had do

causative ‫السببية يف اجملهول‬

get + ‫ عاقل‬+ to ‫) يقنع( مصدر‬ get ‫ مفعول غير عاقل‬+ p.p ) ‫(يحصل علي‬

have / has ‫ عاقل‬+ ‫(يجعل ) مصدر‬ have – has ‫ مفعول غير عاقل‬+ p.p) ‫(يحصل علي‬

‫هذه االفعال تصرف يف أي زمن مضارع او ماضي او غري ذلك من االزمنة‬-1

cause ‫ مفعول‬to ‫مصدر‬
‫لو عايز تعمل سؤال علي هذه االفعال كاالتي‬-2
allow ‫ مفعول‬to ‫مصدر‬
Do-Does/Did )‫( او أي فعل مساعد‬+ ‫ فاعل‬+‫املصدر‬+ ‫مفعول عا قل‬+ (to) ‫? مصدر‬
‫تذكر‬
let ‫مصدر مفعول‬
Do-Does/Did )‫( او أي فعل مساعد‬+ ‫ فاعل‬+‫املصدر‬+ ‫مفعول غري عا قل‬+ p.p ?
make ‫ مصدر مفعول‬/ ‫صفة‬ Have you got Ali to study ?
be made to ‫مصدر‬ I got my car not repaired ‫ لتؤدي النفي‬p.p‫ قبل‬not ‫ميكن وضع‬-3
stop ‫ مفعول‬ving / from
ving ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 I got my car…………… repair repaired P.P ‫الن قبل النقط غير عاقل فنأخذ‬

2 I ……..….my sister to help me. get have get ‫ فنأخذ‬to ‫ألنه جايب مصدر‬

3 I ………my eye checked yesterday. have got got ‫ألنه ماضي فنأخذ‬

4 Did you…..……your pen bought ? had have ‫ فنأخذ مصدر‬did ‫ألنه جايب‬

5 ……you had you brother study ? Did Have have ‫ فنأخذ‬P.P ‫ألنه جايب‬

41
1 We should ………………………. them some train tickets.
get gets to get got
2 We 've got to get our neighbors …………………..playing loud music.
to stop stop stops stopped
3 My boss allowed me………………….time off when my son was ill.
takes take taken to take
4 We had our house………………………last year.
paint painted painting to paint
5 She …………………that he wouldn't tell anyone.
had him promise had him Promised to have Had him to
promised promise
6 Wait here. I'll have someone………………..your bags up to your room.
to take taken take took
7 The students got the teacher………………….their test until the following week.
postpone to postpone postponed postpones
8 You must……………..your doctor look at that cut on your arm. It is serious.
have get allow permit
9 I had my teeth……………………..
checked check to check checks
10 I had my dentist……………………..my teeth.
checks check checked to check
11 I will have my car……………………..
repaired cooked trekked bitten
12 The examiner made us…………………our identification in order to be admitted to the lest.
showing show to show showed
13 Yesterday, the robbers………………………the staff lie on the floor.
made got have allowed
14 What made you………………………..it ?
do to do doing done
15 Why don't you have your mobile………………..instead of buying a new one ?
to fix fixing fixed fix
16 We had a carpenter…………………….the broken window.
to fix to fixing fixed fix
17 My mother makes me……………………up my room on Fridays.
to clean clean cleaned cleaning
18 We……………..our neighbours to look after our garden while we were away.
had got made let
19 We got the computre technician…………….the new software for us.
to install install installs installed
20 We got the new software……………………..for us.
to install install installs installed
21 I…………………………..two days ago.
got my bike fix had my bike to fix had my bike fixed got my bike fixing
22 After I had seen Dr Amr,l………………………..
didn't have my teeth didn’t have my hadn't had my didn't have my
check teeth checking teeth checked teeth checked
23 Why don't you have a mechanic………………..at your car ?
to look look to looking looks

42
 ‫جيب ان‬

‫نصيحة ختيريية‬ ‫نصيحة الزامية او فيها تأكيد‬ ‫نصيحة قانون او من رئيس‬

should ‫مصدر‬ must ‫مصدر‬ ‫ملرؤوسيه او شيء فيه ضرر‬
ought to
have to
need to
has to ‫مصدر‬
mustn't

‫السؤال عليهم‬

should ‫? مصدر فاعل‬ Must ‫? مصدر فاعل‬ Do /does ‫ فاعل‬have to?

ought ‫ فاعل‬to ‫?مصدر‬ ??

‫خد بالك يا صديقي‬

)‫ اذا اجتمعوا تفرقوا واذا تفرقوا اجتمعوا ( يعني لو مش موجود االصل نأخذ الفرع‬-1
he ……… wear a uniform ( should – mustn't )
) don't have to / needn't ‫ ليس من الضرورة‬/ ‫ ) ( للتخيير‬shouldn't ‫ ( إلعطاء النصيحة‬-2
You don't have to answer this question, it's optional
) ‫ ( كان يجب ان‬had to ‫ مصدر‬/ should have p.p ‫ الماضي منهم‬-3
‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 I …buy a present for my brother . should must ........‫آلنه الزام شخص فنأخذ‬

2 Do you……...read this lesson ? should have to .....‫ فنأخذ‬do ‫آلنه سائل ب‬

3 I ……..…..studied yesterday. should should have ........‫آلنه ماضي فنأخذ‬

4 We ……….follow the rules. must have to ....... ‫آلنه قانون فنأخذ‬

1 Choose the correct answer room a , b , c , or d :

1 My father………………………get up at six o'clock every day to go to work.
has to have to doesn't have to don't have to
2 When you get on the bus, you………………………….……buy a ticket.
have to has to don't have to doesn't have to
3 At the weekends, l………………………...get up early. I can stay in bed until 9 o'clock.
have to has to don't have to doesn't have to
4 Everyone …………………….do a random act of kindness sometimes.
should shouldn't have to Hasn't to
43
5 You ………………………..….pass your exams to go to university.
should don't have to have to doesn't have to
6 You ………………….do your homework at the same time everyday.
shouldn't don't have to have to has to
7 You …………………...show your passport when you leave the country.
have to has to shouldn't needn't
8 We ……………………………..cook more, there's enough food.
have to don't have to has to should
9 I don’t like that uniform, but l……………………………..wear it at work.
mustn't shouldn't have to don't have to
10 It's cold. You …………………………wear your jacket.
shouldn't should don't have to mustn't
11 She's always tired. She ………………………….go to bed late every night.
shouldn't should have to don't have to
12 You ……………remember to close the windows when you leave the house.
mustn't don't have to should has to
13 You …………………..eat fast food every day. It's very bad for you.
must have to don't have to shouldn't
14 l………………..wear glasses because l can't see very well.
mustn't don't have to have to shouldn't
15 Hany ………………..go to school on time.
don't have to have to has to doesn't have
16 It is cloudy today, so we………………..take our sunglasses.
don't have to haven't don't have have not to
17 Good students……………….to take private lessons.
won't haven't shouldn't don't have
18 ………………Sara have to get up early ?
Are Is Do Does
19 What game do you have…………………. ?
practise practising to practise practise
20 You………………….play football here. It's dangerous.
have to don't have to mustn't must
21 You……………….look right and left before you cross the road.
shouldn't should mustn't has to
22 You must……………….your bins outside today.
to leave leaves leave left
23 You must………………….your hands before you eat.
washing wash to wash washed
24 You …………………….come and have lunch with us.
need must must to ought
25 You…………………wash your hands after you have put the rubbish in the bin.
ought shouldn't wouldn't must
26 You………………..use a tissue when you sneeze.
must shouldn't ought don't have to
27 You………………always respect the school rules.
needn't should must ought

44
28 Mr Ali………………….start work at 9 o'clock.
ought must must not to needn't
29 All students………………………the school rules.
should follow should be must follow mustn't be
followed followed
30 The school rules…………………………by all students.
Shouldn't follow should be mustn't follow mustn't be
followed followed
31 I ……………buy a present for Mary because her birthday is on Saturday.
need to need am needing to will need
32 Tom ……………………to see a doctor. He's been ill for the past weeks.
should needs must ought to
33 You needn't……………………….her. She prefers to depend on herself.
help to help helping to helping
34 Your flight is 5 hours from now. You……………..……prepare your luggage now.
must have to needn't should

Possessive('s) ‫' امللكية‬s

Ali's book ‫عند التمليك لعا قل‬-1
students' book ‫ مثل‬s' ‫ تكون‬s ‫اذا كان العا قل مجع ينتهي ب ـ ـ ـ‬-2
girls' school
‫ مثل‬.‫' للوظائف يتحول الي مكان العمل‬s ‫اذا اضيفت‬-3
butcher ‫جزار‬ butcher's ‫حمل جزارة‬
baker ‫خباز‬ baker's ‫خمبز‬
‫ مع التعبري اليت تدل علي الوقت مثل‬-4
today's holiday

computer screen / chair leg ‫ال تستخدم مع االضافة الي مجاد مثل‬-5

this pen belongs to Ali ‫امللكية‬-'s ‫ حمل‬belong to ‫ميكن ان حتل‬-6

it's Fares' book / Fares's book s' ‫' او‬s ‫ نضع‬s ‫ اذا ملك شيء السم ينتهي بـ‬-7
the children's book ‫' عادي‬s ‫ نضع‬s ‫ اجلمع الذي ال ينتهي بـ ـ‬-8
‫' في اخر االسمين‬s ‫ اذا كان الشيء يملك لشخصين نضع‬-9
It's Ali and Reda's ball. They play with it.
‫' في اخر كل اسم‬s ‫ اذا كان الشيء يملك لكل شخص منفصال نضع‬-10
It's Ali's and Reda's ball. Everyone plays with a ball .
Whose pen is this ? whose ‫ نسأل عن امللكية ب ـ‬-11
...... ‫' مع اسم الشخص اخر اجلملة مبعين ملك ل ـ‬s -12
this book is Ali's ‫هذا الكتاب ملك علي‬
13- a/ an / ‫ صفة ملكية‬+ ‫ فرتة زمنية‬+ ‫مفرد معدود‬
I have a five minute break
14- ‫ عدد‬+ ‫ فرتة زمنية‬s' + ‫غري معدود‬
in two hours' time

45
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬

1 I bought……………..house. Ali's Alis' 's ‫ألنه اسم شخص فنأخذ‬

2 I bought a……………...flat. four four room .......‫ فنأخذ‬a ‫ألنه هناك‬

room's
3 It's the …………school. girls' girl's ‫ فنأخذ‬s ‫ألنه جمع ب‬

4 It's the…………….room. mens' men's 's ‫ فنأخذ‬s ‫ألنه جمع بدون‬

5 ……………book is this ? who whose ...........‫عند السؤال عن الملكية نأخذ‬

1 In this box, there are…………………..t-shirts.

girls girl girls's girls'
2 …………………bag is blue.
Manal Manal's Manal is Manals'
3 It is the………………………….pen.
teacher teachers' teacher teachers
4 This is…………………………….picture.
Ola's and Judy Ola and Judy Ola and Judy's Ola and Judys
5 Mr Ali is in the………………………room.
teacher teachers teacher's teachers'
6 My sister goes to a………………………school.
girl's girls girls' girl
7 This is the……………….room. It belongs to Ali and Adel.
children child children's child's
8 This my…………………bike. He bought it last week.
brother brothers brother's brothers'
9 My mother wants to buy meat, so she went the……………………..
butchers' butcher's butchers barber's
10 This is…………………………pen.
Mona Monas' Mona is Mona's
11 …………………….pencil is this ? It's Heba's.
Whose What Who Which
12 Her ………………..house is next to a sports centre, but they do not like sports .
grandparents grandparents' grandparent's grandparents's
13 The guitars are…………………..
Magdy Magdys Magdy' Magdy's
14 These are………………….books.
Samy' Samys's Samy's Samy
15 Tell me your……………………name, please.
friend friends friends' friend's
16 This shop for………………………clothes.
men men' man men's
17 My………………………dad is my uncle.
cousins cousins' cousin's cousin
18 Whose bag is this ? It's……………………
Dina Dina's Dinas' Dinas

46
 19 We will meet at six in the……………………..
car park car's park cars' park car park's
20 He bought a new……………..
computer's screen computers' computer computers
screen screen screen
21 We have three…………………..walk every weekend.
hour hours hour's hours'
22 Our company has a……………………… .It is a very ambitious one.
three-year business three-year three-years three-years'
plan business plans business plan business plan
23 My teacher advised me to take a………..………..break between study sessions.
ten-minutes ten-minute ten-minute's ten-minutes'

have got ‫ميتلك‬ This/those/ ‫هوالء‬/‫هذا‬

have got I – ‫مجع‬ this + ‫مفرد قريب‬

has got ‫مفرد‬ that + ‫مفرد بعيد‬
‫السؤال عليهم‬ these + ‫مجع قريب‬
have ‫ فاعل‬got? Yes/I have those + ‫مجع بعيد‬
there/‫ماضي‬ ‫اشارة للبعيد‬
have ‫ فاعل‬got? No/I haven't
here ‫اشارة للقريب‬
‫النفي‬ haven't / hasn't got

One / ones
one ‫االخر‬/ ‫الشخص‬/ ‫واحد‬/‫المعني‬ ‫مع المفرد او تحل محل‬
‫المفرد‬
ones ‫االخرون‬/ ‫اخرون‬/ ‫اشخاص‬/ ‫بمعني‬ ‫مع الجمع او تحل محل‬
‫الجمع‬

‫امثلة للتوضيح‬

1 I want………..jacket over there. that this ........‫ألنه مفرد بعيد فنأخذ‬

2 I …………..a pen to write with. have got has get ..‫ تعامل كجمع في المضارع فنأخذ‬I ‫الن‬

3 There are three books, but the one ones ............‫الن الفعل مفرد فنأخذ‬
……….…over there is suitable.
4 Have you…………….a boy ? get got ........‫ فنأخذ‬have ‫ألنه جايب‬

5 ………….…people are polite. Those That .........‫ جمع فنأخذ‬people ‫الن‬

47
1 That jacket is mine ,but this………………..is yours.
one ones jackets jacket's
2 These glasses don't fit me. I want the red………………………
one ones glass glasses'
3 Look at………………………..newspaper here.
this that those these
4 I bought……………………shoes last week at the market.
this that these what
5 These cakes are the best…………………at the bakery.
ones one the one of one
6 ………………….trainers are nice and comfortable.
That This These There
7 What's…………………………small thing by my chair ?
this these those ones
8 Which dress are you going to wear ? this one or that…………………..
one ones dresses a dress
9 ………………….motorbike is from china.
Those These That Ones
10 I have a smaller…………………… .You can try on.
ones these those one
11 …………………..looks the smallest.
Those shirts These shirts That shirt The shirts
12 Which……………………..do you prefer ? – the black ones.
ones one of one for ones
13 The blue bag is not mine………………………..one is mine.
that those they these
14 I don't like that scarf. Let's buy another…………………………
ones scarfs a scarf one
15 ……………….….cats are beautiful. They are playing together.
This These That They
16 These jeans are better than the………………………..on the shelf over there.
ones one them they
17 My best friend…………………….got short dark hair.
has have are is
18 Has your father…………………..a moustache ?
get getting gets got
19 ……………..Samir got short hair ? Yes, he has.
Have Has Do Does
20 I……………………….dark hair. I have got brown hair.
have got has got haven't got hasn't got
21 My brothre is very young. He …………………..not got a beard.
has hasn't is have
22 All my brothers and sisters…………………..dark curly hair.
's got 've got get got
23 My uncle……………………..got a son or a daughter.
has hasn't have haven't
24 A : have you got long hair ? No, I………………..got short hair.
have haven't has hasn't
48
 25 Look at…………………….birds up there in the tree.
this these those that
26 Are …………………….your books over there on the table ?
these those this that
27 My umbrella is right here . ……………………..is my umbrella.
That This These Those
28 Those apples are red, but………………………apples over there are green.
that this these those
29 Did you and your family stay at……………….hotel in Paris ?
that this those these
30 Please, come here and look at………………………..picture.
that these this those

‫المقارنة والتفضيل‬

‫المقارنة‬
1-‫ صفة قصيرة‬+ er + than ‫ شخصين‬/ Or
2-more/ less ‫ صفة طويلة‬than
‫ كعالمة دالة علي المقارنة‬never/ no ‫تستخدم‬
‫ لو اخر الجملة وواضح انها مقارنة‬than ‫بجب االستغناء عن‬ ‫خد بالك‬
‫ مع المقارنة‬the ‫يمكن اخذ‬
the + ‫ مقارنة‬,the ‫مقارنة‬ ‫كلما كلما‬
the latter / the further
the ‫ صفة قصيرة‬er ‫عند التوضيح بين اثنين‬
Ali is the taller of the two sister
‫التفضيل‬
1-the ‫ صفة قصيرة‬est
2-the most –least ‫صفة طويلة‬
‫ مع التفضيل بعده‬of / in / ever ‫تستخدم‬
‫ مع التفضيل بعد‬the ‫يجب االستغناء عن‬
the first / the second
‫' الملكية‬s / ‫صفات الملكية‬
It's the first best friend

little /for /much / good /bad ‫هناك صفات شاذة مثل‬

‫والمقارنة والتفضيل منهم كاالتي‬

‫المقارنة‬ ‫التفضيل‬
‫شخص عن شخص‬ ‫شخص عن مجموعة‬
better than ‫افضل من‬ good the best ‫االفضل‬
worse than ‫اسوا من‬ bad the worst ‫االسواء‬
less ‫ صفة‬than ‫اقل من‬ little the least ‫االقل‬
more ‫ صفة‬than ‫اكثر من‬ much the most ‫االكثر‬
farther than ‫ابعد من‬ far the furthest ‫االبعد‬
u ‫ابعد لالزمنة‬ a ‫ابعد لالماكن‬

as ‫ حال‬/ ‫ صفة‬as ‫في النفي واالثبات‬ so ‫ حال‬/ ‫ صفة‬as ‫في النفي فقط‬
1 Who is…….…….,Ali or Reda. tall taller ‫ فنأخذ مقارنة‬or ‫ألنه جايب‬
2 Ali is my first………….…friend. the best best the‫ فنأخذ بدون‬first ‫ألنه جايب‬
3 Ali is the……………friend. best good ..........‫ فنأخذ‬the ‫ألنه جايب‬
4 The more you eat, the…………… you fattest fatter ‫ألنه جايب كلما كلما فنأخذ مقارنة‬
are .
5 He is the…………….of the two tallest taller ‫ألنه جايب اثنين فنأخذ مقارنة‬
brothers.

49
1 Mount Everest is……………………….than mount kilimanjaro.
higher high highest highly
2 For me, his climb was the………………….important sporting event of 2007.
more less most as
3 Lake Baikal in Russia is……………………….lake in the world.
deeper deepest as deep the deepest
4 Some people think math is the………………………subject of all.
less difficult more difficult difficult most difficult
5 On Saturdays, the market is…….…………………than on Fridays.
quiet quieter the quietest most quieter
6 Europe is not as large………………………..Asia.
as than to so
7 This is……………………………expensive car I've ever seen.
more much most the most
8 English is……………………….than many other languages.
easier more easy easiest the easiest
9 His behavior is………………………..than his brother's.
bad worse worst the worst
10 Aswan is……………………………from Cairo than Banha is.
far furthest further the furthest
11 Football is……………………popular game in Egypt.
most the most less more
12 The red sea is not………………………..big as the Mediterranean.
so much less more
13 Hassan a…………………football player than anyone else in the team.
good best better the best
14 We can run as……………………….as they can.
faster fast fastest The fastest
15 I do not earn as……………………money as you do.
much more less many
16 Egypt is…………………………….than germany.
sunny sunniest sunnier more sunnier
17 The blue dress is………………………….than the red dress.
more nicer nice nicest nicer
18 Which sport is…………………………., football or tennis ?
good better better than the best
19 Who is…………………………….singer in your country ?
famous most famous more famous The most
than famous
20 Heba's wearing her……………………….dress today.
more new newer than the newest newest
21 Mount kenya is not as high………………….mount kilimanjaro.
as than to so
22 This book is bad, but the other book is…………………………..
worse worst more worse badly
23 This month was………………….than last month because we had some big storms.
wet more wetter the wettest wetter

50
24 Lying on a beach is……………………..than working in the city.
relaxing most relaxing more relaxing as relaxing
25 Plastic pollution is……………………..now than it was before.
bad worse worst the worst
26 There is a lot of traffic in Cairo, it is…………………..than Marsa Alam.
noisier more noisier nosiest noise
27 Ali says that football is not……………………..as handball.
so difficult the most more difficult less difficult
difficult
28 Figs are……………………….as chocolate.
so delicious most delicious more delicious as delicious
29 This book is…………………………..than your book.
more difficult most difficult as difficult difficult
30 Mona is…………………………….than Heba.
more beautiful the beautiful most beautiful as beautiful
31 Today the weather is…………………….Sunday.
colder than as cold than coldest as colder as
32 She is…………………………………….his sister.
pretty as prettier as prettier than prettiest

)‫( فعل مفرد او جمع علي حسب‬

( + ?

‫اذا لم يكن هناك فعل مساعد ننظر للزمن‬

‫المساعد من هؤالء نعكسه‬
am –is are- was –were
can-could-may-might
do – does did
shall-should-will-would
don't-doesn't-didn't-haven't
have -has- had +p.p -must

‫ملحوظات مهمة‬

1- there is little-scarcely 6-he's clever (isn't he)

hardly –few he's a book (doesn't he)
is there)
he's playing isn't he)
never -no
he's punished by….. )Isn't he)
rarely - seldom he's bought a book ‫ ألنها مضارع تام‬hasn't he
2-I will study (will not) I won't I 7- I'd rather-prefer-love-like would )wouldn't I)
I'd better had- (hadn't I )
I'd studied had ) hadn't I)
I 'd a nice game ) didn't I)
3-I am a student amn't aren't I) 8-someone-somehody-anyone are(n't) they
I am not a student am I) anybody-everyone-everybody
no one -no body –a child …

4- I have a book don't I 9-something -anything is(n't) it

I have got a book p.p haven't I everything - nothing
I have to study don't I

51
1 Ali is a doctor, ……………………… ?
isn't he doesn't he does he is he
2 Sara wants to be a teacher,……………………………….. ?
doesn't she does she is she isn't she
3 We should eat healthy snacks,…………………………………… ?
should we shouldn't you should you shouldn't we
4 Our parents are very helpful…………………………………… ?
are they they are ahey aren't aren't they
5 The body needs sleep,…………………………………it ?
isn't didn't doesn't wasn't
6 You can find books here,…………………………………….. ?
aren't you can't you can you do you
7 Amal ………………………………TV, didn't she ?
doesn't watch watches watched didn't watch
8 Your grandmother doesn't like fish,……………………………… ?
does she doesn't she is she isn't she
9 She ………………………………….English, doesn't she ?
never speaks speaks doesn't speak isn't speaking
10 You won't catch the bus,……………………………………. ?
do you don’t you won't you will you
11 He visits his uncle every Friday,………………………………….. ?
isn't he doesn't he does he is he
12 There weren't any books,………………………………….. ?
were there were they are they are there
13 You like your job,………………………………you ?
doesn't do don’t didn't
14 She made a very nice cake. …………………………………..she ?
isn't wasn't didn't doesn't
15 You can find vitamins in many kinds of food. ………………………………… ?
aren't you can't you can you do you
16 Our parents are very helpful. ………………………………………. ?
are they they are they aren't aren't they
17 I'm your friend,……………………………………..l ?
are am not aren't am
18 He visits his uncle every Friday,…………………………………….. ?
isn't he doesn't he does he is he
19 Hamza is a great teacher,……………………………………. ?
he isn't he is is he isn't he
20 Some boys broke the window, didn't………………………………………… ?
some boys he they them
21 A bird has built its nest here, hasn't………………………………….. ?
it he she they
22 Two birds have built their nest here, haven't……………………………….. ?
it he she they
23 A child is crying next door,……………………………….. ?
isn't he isn't she aren't they isn't it
24 Someone brought you a present,……………………………….?
weren't you weren't they didn't they haven't you
52
25 Atypical Egyptian farmer with traditional earrings is working on a farm,………………………..?
isn't she is he aren't they are they
26 Somebody has stolen my mobile,………………………………. ?
hasn't he hasn't she have they haven't they
27 Something went wrong with my car,……………………………………… ?
did it didn't it did they didn't they
28 He plays football every day,…………………………………he ?
don't isn't Don't doesn't
29 Nobody lives in this house,……………………………….. ?
do they doesn't he don't they does he
30 That's not the right answer,………………………………….it ?
is isn't do don’t

ability ‫القدرة واالستطاعة‬

can/ could / be able to
can \ could

can could
‫مضارع‬ ‫ماضي‬

‫ فاعل‬can ‫مصدر‬ ‫يستطيع‬ ‫ فاعل‬could ‫مصدر‬ ‫استطاع‬

‫ فاعل‬can't ‫مصدر‬ ‫ال يستطيع‬ ‫ فاعل‬couldn't ‫مصدر‬ ‫لم يستطيع‬

Can ‫? مصدر فاعل‬ ‫هل يستطيع‬ Could ‫? مصدر فاعل‬ ‫هل استطاع‬

be able to/managed to

will be able to‫مصدر‬ was/were able to ‫مصدر‬

will be able to ‫سوف يكون قادرا‬ was/were able to ‫كان قادرا علي‬
‫علي‬
won't be able to ‫سوف ال يكون قادرا‬ was/were not able to ‫لم يكن قادرا علي‬
‫علي‬
Was/were‫ فاعل‬able to ? ‫هل كان قادرا علي‬
Will ‫ فاعل‬able to ? ‫هل سيكون قادرا‬
‫علي‬
managed
am/is/are able to‫مصدر‬
tom
am/is/are able to ‫يكون قادرا علي‬ managed to ‫استطاع‬

am/is/are not able to ‫ال يكون قادرا علي‬ didn't manage to ‫لم يستطع‬

Am/is/are‫ فاعل‬able to? ‫هل قادرا علي‬ Did ‫ فاعل‬manage to ? ‫هل استطاع‬

53
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬

1 I ………………count to ten when I can could ‫الن الجملة الثانية ماضي فنأخذ ماضي‬
was young .
2 I can swim , but I…………..dive. Can can't ......‫ مخالف لما قبلها فنأخذ‬but ‫الن بعد‬

3 He is………..read all the lesson. able to can ................ ‫ فنأخذ‬is ‫ألنه جايب‬

4 Did he………..to pass the exam? could manage .............‫ فنأخذ‬did ‫آلنه سائل ب‬

5 Were you…………….. ride a bike able to could ..........‫ فنأخذ‬were ‫ألنه سائل ب‬
when you were young?
1 I ………………………..lift this box. It's too heavy.
can can't am could
2 When I was little, I………………………………play football.
could can am can't
3 In the past. I could…………………………..a bike.
ridding rides ride rode
4 When she was little, she……………………………..peel an orange.
can could can't wasn't
5 When he was little, he could…………………………………….the alphabet.
said say says saying
6 I tried to catch a butterfly, but I……………………………………………
can't couldn't can make
7 Can you……………………………….sand castles ?
build built builds building
8 When I was little. I could………………………………
swim swam swimming to swim
9 Hany is…………………..……………play football in a big club.
able able to can can be
10 Heba knows how to……………………………….a modern car.
driving drove drive drives
11 They…………………………..manage the company well. They are active.
can are able able to can be
12 ………………………….you able to draw and paint ?
Can Are Will Would
13 He is……………………………………..start work now.
can able able to can be
14 I ………………………………….play music.
able to am able to able am able
15 Do you know how to……………………….an instrument ? Yes, I do.
plays play played playing
16 I……………………………talk to people at drama club about acting.
can able to is able able
17 ……………………..Rokaya able to ride her motorbike well ?
Can Is Does Did
18 We………………………..take you with us. We don't have free seats ‫مقاعد خالية‬
can't aren't didn't weren't

54
19 I found a course at my local college where I……………………...train as a teacher.
can can't could couldn't
20 I looked all over the house, but I…………………………….find my phone.
couldn't wasn't able to managed to a ,b
21 I………………….……..able to solve the mystery. It was easy for me to do it.
am was should be could be
22 Ola went to a healthcare centre where she……………….get medical help.
can can't could couldn't
23 We searched the house, but we………………………………..find the lost keys.
couldn't wasn't able to managed to managed to
24 ……………..……………….you succeed in finding a place to stay ?
Had Did Does Were
25 They…………………….go shopping yesterday because the shops were all closed.
shouldn't can't couldn't mightn't
26 They …………………………….win the match yesterday.
succeeded were able managed to can
27 The prisoner………………………………..escaping.
could was able managed to succeeded in

in – on – at ‫حروف اجلر‬

specific times ‫ الساعات‬/ ‫الوقت‬ I start work at 9 o'clock.

festivals in general ‫المهرجانات‬ I'm going to brazil at Christmas.
at night ‫مع الليل بوجه عام‬ I find it difficult to sleep at night.
specific days I'd like to go to the cinema on Saturday.
on ‫االيام والتواريخ‬
parts of the day ‫اجزاء اليوم‬ I go to the gym in the morning.
months ‫االشهر‬ I normally go on holiday in February.
in Seasons ‫فصول السنة‬ We can go skiing in winter.
years ‫السنين‬ I was born in 1972.
a time period ‫فترات صغيرة‬ The train leaves in 5 minutes.
‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
preposition examples

at
8 o'clock – 10.30 – midnight – night – the weekend – Christmas – the
end of

on
Sunday (s) – 25 April – new year's day – Monday morning –
Tuesday afternoon – left – right …………

in
April – 1985 – summer – the morning – in five
minutes – few days

Opposite ‫ عكس‬/ between ‫ بني‬/ next to ‫ جبوار‬/ in front of ‫امام‬ ‫تذكر‬

55
1 Salwa always goes to the zoo……………………….Friday mornings.
at on in with
2 Ibrahim usually visits his sisters………………………….the weekend.
to in on at
3 Ahmed goes shopping………………………….the afternoon.
in to at on
4 Sally has English lesson………………………….9 a.m on Monday.
on at in to
5 The library is…………….…………..the restaurant and the hotel.
next at between opposite
6 Turn right , the sports centre is…………………………the left.
on in at up
7 Is Nadia going to the theatre………………………………..Sunday ?
in on at to
8 I did the crossword……………………………….five minutes.
on in at over
9 They like to visit Luxor…………………………….winter.
of at in on
10 On Saturday mornings, I have tennis lessons at the sports Centre……………………9 am.
in on at through
11 Sometimes, I go swimming……………………….…the afternoon with my friend.
on in at opposite
12 ……………..….Friday afternoons, I often go to Lake Timsah. Which is near the city, with my family .
In On At From
13 Can we get a train…………………………the afternoon to get back ?
on in at off
14 I start work…………………………8 o'clock.
in at of on
15 Where will you be……………………………christmas ?
on at in of
16 Are you busy………………………the moment ?
in at on of
17 I don't work…………………………..Sundays.
in at on of
18 The concert is…………………………..22 November.
at in of on
19 Are you doing anything……………………….Saturday evening ?
at in of on
20 The garden is lovely…………………………………spring.
in at on of
21 Do you often go out………………………………..the evening ?
at in of on

56
 so / such / too / enough

so ‫ صفة‬/ ‫حال‬that ‫مجلة‬ ‫جدا لدرجة ان‬

too ‫صفة‬/ ‫ حال‬to ‫جدا لدرجة ان ال‬
1- so ‫ صفة‬/ ‫حال‬ ‫جدا‬
1- too ‫صفة‬/ ‫حال‬ ‫جدا‬
2- so ‫صفة‬/ ‫ حال‬that ‫مجلة‬ ‫جدا لدرجة ان‬
2- too ‫صفة‬/ ‫ حال‬to ‫مصدر‬
3- so ‫ صفة‬a /an ‫ اسم مفرد معدود‬that ‫مجلة‬
3- much too ‫ صفة‬/too much ‫اسم غري معدود‬
‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
too many ‫معدود مجع‬
1-*he is so happy
‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
*he speaks so loudly
1-he is too boring
2-*he is so boring that people don't
2-*he is too boring to play with
like him
*he speaks too loudly to study
*he speaks so loudly that I hear
well
him
3- I have too much information
3-*he is so clever a boy that people
*there are too many students
like him

such ‫ اسم‬that ‫جدا لدرجة ان‬ enough to / ‫كاف‬

1- such (a /an) ‫اسم‬ ‫عظيم‬ 1- ‫ فعل‬+ enough....‫كاف‬

2- such (a /an) ‫ اسم‬that ‫مجلة‬ ‫جدا لدرجة ان‬ 2- ‫ظرف‬/ ‫ صفة‬+enough

3- such (a /an) ‫ صفة‬+ ‫اسم‬ 3- enough + ‫اسم‬

‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1-this money is enough
1-he is such a person ‫شخص عظيم‬
2-*he is tall enough to play basketball
2-he is such a person that I like him *he studies well enough to succeed
very much
3-*I have enough money
3-he is such a good person that I like him
very much

‫اسئلة للتوضيح‬ ‫خلي بالك اداة الربط هتساعدك كتري يف احلل‬

1 He was……………..….to eat. too full so full ........‫ فنأخذ‬to ‫ألنه جايب الرابط الثاني‬

2 He was………………a kind man. such so .............‫ فنأخذ‬a ‫ألنه جايب بعد النقط‬

3 I was strong…..……..to carry the so enough ...............‫ألنه جايب الصفة اوال فنأخذ‬
box.
4 He had………………..headache. so such a ...............‫ألنه جايب اسم فنأخذ‬

1 Ahmed thinks that it is……………….………..hot to play tennis in the park today.

so such enough too
2 The phone is………….……………for her to buy. She doesn't have enough money.
expensive enough too expensive so expensive Such an
expensive
3 The question was………………..…………….difficult that nobody could answer it.
so such enough too
4 My sister is……………………….to go to school. She is only two.
so old too old not old enough such old
5 The light from the sun is…………………………strong that you cannot look at it .
such enough so too
6 This bag is very heavy. I'm not strong………………………………to lift it.
such enough so too
57
7 The bus went……………………………….slowly that it was quicker to walk.
such enough so too
8 This is……………………..…an exciting book that I don't want to stop reading it.
such enough so too
9 The hat wasn't ……………………………….to wear. It was too small.
big enough enough big too big much big
10 That cake was………………………..that I'll have another one.
very nice so nice too nice enough nice
11 It is……………………………book that I can't put it down.
such interesting such an so interesting too interesting
interesting
12 The test was………………………………..to finish.
too difficult so difficult difficult enough enough difficult
13 The test was…………….………………we all got a hundred percent.
such easy that so easy that such an easy that too easy that
14 I wanted to buy a new phone ,but it was too expensive for me……………………………
that it buys that buy buy to buy
15 The exercise was………………………….easy that I finished it in two minutes.
too such so such an
16 They walked……………….……………that they missed the train.
too slowly such slowly so slowly slowly enough
17 That salad was…………………..…..I'll ask the restaurant for the recipe.
such nice that too nice to too nice that so nice that
18 I worked……………………….…long hours that I didn't have any time for my self.
such so such a so a
19 Rami is careful…………………………...to make very few mistakes.
such too so enough
20 The boys ran….…………………………..to win the race.
such slowly too slowly enough slowly slowly enough
21 I haven't been told that you are……………………………….tired.
such enough so such a
22 My grandfather was so………………………………
illness an illness an ill ill
23 It is not polite to talk……………..…………….loudly to your mother.
so such such a enough
24 Mustafa studies so………………………………
hardly hard very hard hardness
25 Amir is……………………………………clever carpenter.
so so a such such a

58
 ‫‪had('d) better – would('d) rather – prefer‬‬

‫مصدر ‪ = should = had better = ought to‬مصدر ‪'d rather‬‬

‫‪'d rather‬‬ ‫‪….. than‬مصدر ‪'d rather‬‬ ‫مصدر‬

‫من االفضل ‪ /‬يفضل‬
‫‪'d rather‬‬ ‫ماضي تام (لو هناك كلمة دالة علي املاضي) ‪ /‬ماضي بسيط فاعل‬

‫‪prefer‬‬ ‫‪ ving‬اسم ‪ / ving….. to /‬اسم‬

‫‪Prefer‬‬ ‫مصدر ‪….. rather than‬مصدر ‪'d prefer to‬‬

‫يفضل‬ ‫‪ / instead of ving‬مصدر ‪..... rather than‬مصدر ‪prefer to‬‬

‫‪I 'd rather not play‬‬ ‫النفي منهم نضع ‪ not‬قبل الفعل االصلي‬

‫اسم الفاعل )‪(ving‬‬

‫ميكن يستبدل هذه الكلمات وفاعلها‬ ‫ممكن ان يأتي بعد هذه الكلمات‬
‫ونضع ‪ ving‬بدال منها ويأتي بعدها مفعول‬ ‫‪feel – hear – notice‬‬
‫‪And – when - after –– as‬‬ ‫‪smell – listen - watch‬‬
‫‪Who – which- because‬‬ ‫‪find—catch—see‬‬
‫‪I hear Ali singing‬‬ ‫‪I was happy ridding the bike‬‬

‫علما انه يرتجم معلوم وعند نفية نضع ‪not‬قبل ‪ ving‬والفاعل االول هو نفس الفاعل الثاني‬
‫‪Not doing homework, he was punished .‬‬

‫اسم مفعول ‪ p.p‬يرتجم جمهول‬

‫يأتي اول اجلملة ويرتجم (بعد ‪ +‬جمهول(‬ ‫‪-3‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬يأتي قبل االسم كصفة له ‪broken car‬‬
‫) ‪( punished by his father, he was sad‬‬
‫‪ -2‬يأتي بدال من ادوات الوصل ويرتجم جمهوال‬
‫‪ -4‬يأتي بعد ‪ when/ if‬بدون فاعل‬

‫اخلالصة‬

‫( عدا الفعل الالزم ) مفعول ‪ving +‬‬

‫( عدا املتعدي ملفعولني ) ال يأتي بعدها مفعول ‪p.p‬‬

‫ماضي بسيط فاعل ‪1- having p.p‬‬

‫جمهول ماضي بسيط فاعل ‪2-having been p.p‬‬

‫‪59‬‬
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 I found the wallet…………….. lost losing ‫الن مفيش مفعول بعد النقط والمعني‬
yesterday. ...................‫يحتاج مجهول فنأخذ‬
2 Having………………….,I was sad. punished been ....................‫ألنه عايز مجهول فنأخذ‬
punished
3 I saw the criminal……………my killing killed ‫ألنه جايب مفعول بعد النقط والمعني‬
brother. ....................‫يحتاج معلوم فنأخذ‬
4 I 'd rather play……………..study. to than ...........‫' فنأخذ‬d rather ‫ألنه جايب‬

5 I prefer studying to………….TV . watching watch .....‫ فنأخذ‬prefer‫ بعد‬ving ‫ألنه جايب‬

1 I prefer to cook olive with oil………………………………….butter.

than to other than rather than
2 I'd prefer not……………………..……this issue.
discussed discuss to discuss discussing
3 The film is quite violent. I'd rather our children……………………………………..it.
watch didn't watch to watch watched
4 I prefer using keyboard…………………………………with a pen.
to writing to write rather write than write
5 I'd rather speak to him in person…………………….…….things over the phone.
to discussing to discuss than discuss than discussing
6 Although I love relaxing on beaches, l think l prefer……………..………in the mountains.
walk not to walking to walking walking
7 I'd rather all my classmates……………………….calm during the lessons.
stayed to stay staying stay
8 I'd rather Ramy………………………………….his father's car yesterday.
isn't taking didn't take hadn't taken doesn't take
9 Most of my friends take the bus to school, but I prefer……………………………….
to walking to walk walked walk
10 I would rather……………………..……ash on my tongue than blood in my mouth.
to taste tasted tasting taste
11 ………………the news every day, we know what's going on in the world.
Watching Watched Being watched Being watch
12 ……………….enough money, they spent their holidays at home last year.
Having Being Not having Not being
13 ……………….……..well, I didn't go to the cinema.
Feeling Feel Felt Not feeling
14 …………..…………….cooked, the food looked delicious.
Having been Having To have Have
15 The cup……………………with milk stood on the table.
filling filled having filled fill

60
16 Well…………………………....,we are very proud of you.
do does did done
17 ……………….by Daniel's work, the teacher gave him the highest mark.
Impressed Impressing Impressive Impress
18 ………………....an assignment to finish, I cannot come with you.
Have Having Had Has
19 ……………………..……to lose my passport, I gave it to my father.
Wanting Wanted Not wanting Not wanted
20 ………….……..tall and strong is important for playing basketball.
Having Have Be Being
21 …………….……home late one night, Nasser saw a thief in his neighbor's house.
When arrive Arrived After arrived Arriving
22 I'd rather I…………………………..paid now.
will get shall get had got got
23 You're going to miss the school bus. You …………………..………hurry.
had not better oughtn't had better shouldn't
24 She would prefer…………………..………to the party rather than stay at home.
go to go going went
25 A : Gerry hasn't got his glasses and he wants to drive home B: he………..………take a taxi.
had better shouldn't mustn't can't
26 I prefer brown sugar……………………..white sugar.
to than that form
27 I like trekking in the mountains, but I prefer……………………………..on a sandy beach.
to lying lie lying lied

inversion ‫عكس اجلملة بطريقة السؤال‬

‫عند استخدام هذه الكلمات التي تؤدي معني النفي اول الجملة نقدم الفعل المساعد علي الفاعل‬-1
‫الفعل المساعد تحديده علي حسب زمن الجملة والذي تشير اليه الجملة الثانية‬-2
seldom ‫نادر ا‬ Under no circumstances
‫ مستحيل‬/ ‫بتاتا‬
rarely / little ‫ نادرا‬either / neither ‫ وال‬/ ‫اما‬
not only .. but also ‫ بل ايضا‬: ‫ ليس فقط‬Hardly / scarcely…when ‫بعد‬0‫ حيت ان‬.‫مل يكد‬
only… when / later ‫ بعد‬/ ‫فقط عندما‬ no sooner… than ‫حيت بعد‬-‫مل يكد‬
only… then / now ‫ يف هذه اللحظة‬on no account ‫حتت أي ظروف ف‬
nor/ such/ so ‫ جدا‬/‫وال‬ on no condition ‫بال ادني شك‬

It wasn't until … that

‫خلي بالك‬
It was only when … that
If it weren't for ‫هذه الكلمات ليست من‬
If it hadn't been ‫ يعني‬inversion ‫الـ‬
‫اداة استفهام وسط الجملة او اول الجملة‬
‫ومعاها جواب شرط‬ ‫ترتيب الجملة بعديها خبري‬
61
 ‫ في نص الجملة‬inversion ‫خد بالك يا صديقي من الـ‬
1-neither/ nor+‫ فعل مساعد‬+‫فاعل‬+ .......... )‫اخر اجلملة املنفية‬. ‫(وال انا كذلك‬
2- either / so +‫ فعل مساعد‬+‫فاعل‬+ .......... )‫اخر اجلملة املثبتة‬. ‫(و انا كذلك‬
‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 Scarcely………..………start when did he had he ..............‫ألنه جايب مصدر فنأخذ‬
was excited .
2 He doesn't like Math ,…………I. either do neithers do ................‫الن الجملة منفية فنأخذ‬

3 Only now………………..football. I play do I play ................‫ فناخذ‬only ‫ألنه بادئ ب‬

4 No sooner did he play…………he than when .......‫ فنأخذ‬no sooner ‫ألنه بادئ ب‬
was happy.
5 It wasn't until……………….read he had had he .....‫ فنأخذ‬inversion ‫ألنه ليس من ال‬
that he understood.
1 In no way…………..……………want to be associated with this project.
are I am I I do do I
2 Seldom …………………………….leave my house so early.
I do do I am I I am
3 Only later…………………..understand what had happened that night.
did I we would have we we have
4 Only now……….……………………the stress she was under.
I realize I realized I had realized do I realize
5 Under…………………circumstances will we allow such terrible actions to happen again.
any some no a lot
6 Only by working three jobs……………………...able to support his large family.
he was he is he's being was he
7 It was not until Andrew stopped smoking……………………..………healthy again.
did he feel that he feel then he felt that he felt
8 Effie disliked the film,……………………………
did frank also frank nor frank so did I
9 ……………………….……the medicine than she began to feel better.
Not until she Hardly did she No sooner had Having
swallowed swallow she swallowed swallowed
10 What………………………………..is simply not true.
are you saying you are saying are saying you saying you are
11 Which of the following sentences is structurally incorrect ?..............................
scarcely had I gone to the club when I met my friends.
hardly had I gone to the club, when I met my friends.
I had scarcely gone to the club when I met my friends.
no sooner had I gone to the club, then I met my friends.

62
12 My mother asked why…………………………….that loud noise.
I was making was I making I will make had I made
13 My friends wanted to know how long…………….……………working for the car factory.
am I I am had I been I had been

‫اشكال الفعل‬

‫ فعل‬+ to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫ فعل‬+ ing

agree ‫يوافق‬ want ‫يريد‬ volunteer ‫يتطوع‬ resist ‫يقاوم‬ Forbid ‫يحرم‬ fancy ‫يتخيل‬ include ‫يتضمن‬
arrange ‫يرتب‬ choose Claim‫يختار يدعي‬ go ‫يذهب‬ Keep ‫يحافظ‬ mind ‫يمانع‬

decide ‫يقرر‬ demand ‫يطلب‬ risk ‫يخاطر بــــــ‬ finish ‫ينتهي من‬/‫ينهي‬

expect ‫يتوقع‬ Pretend ‫يتظاهر‬ miss ‫يفتقد‬ practice ‫يتدرب علي‬/‫يمارس‬

hope ‫يأمل‬ wish ‫يتمني‬ recommend

‫يوصي‬ suggest ‫يقترح‬

long ‫يشتاق الي‬ threaten ‫يهدد‬ admit ‫يعترف‬ consider ‫يفكر في‬

hope ‫يأمل‬ manage avoid ‫يهمل‬

Propose ‫يقرتح‬ ‫يتمكن‬ ‫يتفادى‬/‫يتجنب‬ deny ‫ينكر‬ neglect
deserve ‫يستحق‬ refuse ‫يرفض‬ dislike ‫يكره‬ imagine ‫يتخيل‬
determine ‫ يعقد العزم‬,‫يصمم‬ appear ‫يظهر‬ enjoy ‫يستمتع بـــــــ‬ prevent ‫يمنع‬

intend ‫ينوي‬ attempt ‫يحاول‬

learn ‫يتعلم‬ happen ‫يصادف‬ ‫ هذه االفعال لو بنيت للمجهول‬-: ‫ملحوظة‬

offer ‫ يقدم‬,‫يعرض‬ Prepare ‫ يجهز‬,‫يعد‬ to ‫يأتي بعدها مصدر‬
Plan ‫يخطط‬ Wait ‫ينتظر‬ fail ‫يفشل‬ Ali is suggested to walk now
promise )‫يعد(يوعد‬ ‫ال يتحمل‬can't afford

)‫ فعل‬+ ving . ‫ (فعله‬/ / / ‫ فعل‬to ‫ مصدر‬. ‫مل يفعله‬ ‫ فعل مركب‬+ ing
‫ينسي ان يفعل شيئا ما‬ can't stand ‫ال يتحمل‬ take to ‫يعتاد علي‬ lead to ‫يؤدي الي‬
forget
►I forgot to call my friend
►I forgot calling my friend ‫فعل شيء ثم نسي انه‬
‫فعله‬ can't bear ‫ال يتحمل‬ (be)used to ‫معتاد علي‬

‫يشعر باألسف ألنه من الضروري‬ (be) busy ‫مشغول‬ get used to ‫معتاد علي‬
regret
►I regret to say that I
‫ان يفعل شيئا‬
was tired it's no good ‫ال فائدة من‬ Prefer ving to ving /direct to‫يوجه الي‬
►I regret saying that I ‫يشعر باألسف ألنه فعل شيء ما‬
it's no use/(be)worth ‫ال فائدة من‬ be accustomed to ‫معتاد علي‬
was tired
remember ►She remembered to ‫يتذكر ان يقوم بعمل‬ don't mind/ interested i ‫ال يمانع‬ Object to ‫يعترض علي‬
lock the door ‫شيئا ما‬
►She remembered ‫يتذكر انه فعل شيئا ما‬ would you mind ‫هل تمانع‬ Contribute to ‫يساهم في‬
locking the door
feel like ‫ يريد‬-‫يود‬ thanks to ‫بفضل‬ admit to ‫يعترف‬
►They stopped to buy ‫يتوقف لكي يفعل شيء ما‬
stop some products look forward to ‫يتطلع الي‬ what about…? ‫ ما‬/‫ماذا عن‬
►They stopped buying ‫؟‬..‫رايك في‬
‫يتوقف عن فعل شيء ما‬
some products In addition to ‫باإلضافة الي‬ how about….? ....‫ما رايك في‬
‫؟‬
try
►We tried to put out the ‫حياول عمل شيء ما غالبا ال‬
fire.
‫ينجح‬ have difficulty ‫يجد صعوبة في‬ (be) worth ‫يستحق‬
►I tried taking an ‫جيرب لريي النتيجة‬ Have fun ‫يجد متعة‬ Adapt to ‫يتأقلم علي‬ Addict to ‫يدمن ل‬
aspirin for the headache.
Can't help ‫ال يستغني عن‬ (be) interested in ‫مهتم ب‬

-suggest
allow ‫ناقص‬
-prefer *see ving
Ving / ‫اسم‬ -insist

‫ مفعول‬to‫مصدر‬
-recommend *watch ‫م‬
-it is essential ‫فاعل‬ Should / ‫مصدر‬
‫كامل‬
be allowed to ‫مصدر‬ -it is important
*hear ‫مصدر‬
-it is necessary(that)
-it is unthinkable

63
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 I allow………..……..with my toys. playing to play .....‫ فنأخذ‬ving ‫ يأتي بعدها‬allow ‫الن‬

2 I regret…………………my time to waste wasting ................‫ألنه شيء تم فنأخذ‬

yesterday.
3 He planned……………English. studying to study ...........‫ فنأخذ‬to‫ تأخذ مصدر‬plan‫الن‬

4 I can't stand…………in the club. to play playing ..........‫ فنأخذ‬ving ‫ال نها يأتي بعدها‬

5 He suggested that Ali…………… go goes ............‫ألنها يأتي بعدها المصدر فنأخذ‬

with us.

1 I planned……………………….………the weekend with my grandparents.

spend to spend spending to spending
2 I promise…………………………..I will be always helpful to you.
to with on that
3 This player intends………………..………..this year. He can play for two more seasons.
retire to retire not to retire retiring
4 Do you enjoy…………………………………a sport ?
do doing to do to doing
5 He denied……………………………me before. He said it was our first meeting.
seeing to see not seeing not to see
6 I can't imagine……………….………..in the city. I enjoy its excitement and noise.
live to live living not living
7 She suggested that her mother………………………….……another doctor.
seeing to see see will see
8 Would you mind………………………………………me a hand ?
to give giving being given give
9 My mother promised……………………………….me to finish my school project.
helps help helping to help
10 She avoided……………………………..her older sister while she was studying.
to disturb disturbing disturbed disturbs
11 Our national team is expected…………….………….in the next world cup finals.
play playing to play to playing
12 The gardener allowed us……………………………..in the park.
cycle to cycle cycling to cycling
13 He is very ill, so he stopped……………………………
smoke smoking to smoke smoked
14 Do you regret not………………………………the museum when you were in Cairo.
to visit to visiting visit visiting
15 They want…………….………………..their new house.
to painting to be painted to paint painted

64
16 My parents suggesed………………………to the theatre yesterday.
gone go went going
17 He is looking forward to………………………………….his friends.
meet meets met meeting
18 I like…………………………….football.
to play playing play a , b
19 Civil engineers get used to……………………….….outdoors in extreme conditions.
have worked working works worked
20 Don't forget……………………………….…our books with you the next time you come.
to bring to bringing bringing bring

21 Since the invention of the internet, I stopped……………………….………newspapers.

to buy to buying buying bought
22 The rules of the library don't allow……………………
to smoking smoking smoke to smoke

23 I prefer being jobless to……………………………like a slave ‫ عبد‬in such a company.

be treated treats being treated treat me
24 We all recommend…………………………….that book.
that read that he read to read to reading
25 After she stopped………………………..………,everyone clapped.
to sing singing sang sung
26 I regretted ……………….………………….her in public. It was bad for me.
criticize criticizing to criticize to criticizing
27 I regret…………………..……but it is the law. Tomorrow is my last day at work.
to retire retiring to retiring retire
28 Stop ………………..………… . You are giving me a headache.
to shout shouted shouting to shouting
29 He found the film quite frightening, so he stopped………………………………..it.
to watching to watch watching watched
30 Don't forget……………………….bread on your way home, Ashraf.
buying bought to buy to buying
31 I don't forget…………………………….my wife for the first time.
seen see to see seeing

65
 ‫‪every / each / either / both‬‬ ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
‫اسم مفرد ‪not every‬‬ ‫ليس كل‬ ‫…… ‪not every boy is‬‬

‫مع االشياء المتكررة ‪every‬‬ ‫‪every ten minutes‬‬

‫( لكن هناك ‪ of‬اسم ‪ ) every‬ليس هناك ابدا ‪fo yr vE‬‬ ‫‪every boy of class‬‬

‫( كل يشمل كل مجموعة) اسم مفرد ‪ereve +‬‬ ‫‪everyone takes out books‬‬

‫(مع الشي الذي يــــوجـــد مـــــنة اثنين فقط) فــــــعـــــل مفرد ‪ +‬اسم مفرد ‪cae‬‬ ‫‪each hand has …….‬‬
‫( كــــــل واحــــــد مــــــن مع اكثر من اثنين) اسم جمع ‪ /‬ضمير جمع ‪cae vE‬‬ ‫‪each of them is‬‬

‫اخر الجملة بمعني لكل واحدة ‪cae‬‬ ‫‪……..‬‬

‫‪two‬‬ ‫‪pounds each‬‬

‫فعل جمع ‪ + cae+‬اسم او ضمير جمع‬ ‫‪they each have‬‬

‫ليس هناك ‪hca eton‬‬

‫اســم جــمــع )‪all + (of‬‬ ‫فــعــل جـمــع‬ ‫‪all students are‬‬

‫فـــــعــــل مفرد غري معدود)‪all + (of‬‬ ‫‪all water is‬‬
‫) طــــوال) فــــتـــرة زمــنــيــة ‪all +‬‬ ‫‪all week‬‬
‫اخـــــر اجلملة مبعين مجيعاَ ‪all‬‬ ‫‪thank you all‬‬
‫نــــــــــــحــــــن مجيعا ‪ /‬انتم مجيعا ‪we all / you all‬‬ ‫‪We all are …..‬‬
‫لو استخدمت ‪ of‬بعد ‪ all‬الزم يكون هناك ‪ / the‬ضمري ‪ /‬صفات ملكية‬ ‫‪all of the students‬‬

‫‪ -‬وسط اجلملة مبعين اي ‪either‬‬ ‫‪I need either pen‬‬

‫‪ or‬اسم ‪either+‬‬ ‫(اما ‪ ..‬او) اسم‬ ‫الفعل يتبع ما بعد‪or‬‬ ‫‪either Ali or the girls are‬‬
‫‪either‬‬ ‫‪of‬‬ ‫اسم مجع‪/‬ضمري ‪+‬‬ ‫أي واحد من‬ ‫‪…. of the girls is …..‬‬
‫‪either‬‬
‫اخر اجلملة املثبتة مبعين وانا كذلك ‪ /‬فاعل ‪ +‬فعل مساعد ‪either +‬‬ ‫‪Ali likes E, either do I‬‬

‫وسط اجلملة مبعين وال ‪neither‬‬ ‫‪I need neither pen‬‬

‫الفعل يتبع ما بعد ‪( nor‬ال ‪ ..‬وال) ‪ nor‬اسم ‪neither‬‬ ‫‪neither Ali nor the girls are‬‬

‫مجع ‪neither of +‬‬ ‫الفعل مفرد ومعناها ‪.‬وال واحد من‬ ‫‪….‬‬
‫‪neither of the girls is …..‬‬

‫‪ none of the three girls is‬مبعين وال وتأتي مع اكثر من اثنني وفعلها مفرد او مجع‪none of‬‬

‫‪both‬‬ ‫مجع )‪(of‬‬ ‫)كل من) فعل مجع دائما‬ ‫‪both of the girls are …..‬‬
‫(كل من ‪........‬و‪ ..).‬فعل مجع اسم ‪ and‬اسم ‪both‬‬ ‫‪both Ali and the girls are ….‬‬
‫اخر اجلملة مبعين كالهما للمثين ‪both‬‬ ‫‪thank you both‬‬

‫)‪ Of‬اختيارية) فعل مفرد ‪ +‬اسم مفرد )‪half (of‬‬ ‫‪half of the cake is …….‬‬

‫)‪ Of‬اختيارية ) فعل مجع ‪ +‬اسم مجع )‪half (of‬‬ ‫‪half of the boys are …….‬‬

‫)‪ Of‬اجبارية) فعل مجع ‪ +‬ضمري مفعول ‪half of‬‬ ‫‪half of them are …….‬‬

‫(فعل مفرد بدون ‪half a(meter / kilo / ton /mile / hour) (Of‬‬ ‫‪half an hour is …….‬‬

‫‪both of them don't‬‬ ‫ضمري الــــمفعول يأتي قبله ‪ of‬دائما مع كل هذه الرتكيبات‬ ‫*‬

‫‪66‬‬
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 ………of the students has a book. every each ..............‫ فنأخذ‬of ‫ألنه جايب‬

2 …...of the three boys are polite . neither none .............‫ألنه جايب تالته فنأخذ‬

3 Half of cheese…………..enough. is are ............‫ألنها غير معدود فنأخذ‬

4 All the students …….….pens. has have ...........‫ فنأخذ‬all ‫ألنها جمع مع‬

5 Each of the sandwiches..………. have has ‫ اول الجملة فعلها مفرد فنأخذ‬each ‫الن‬
spices.

1 All my money……………………….in the bank.

is are have has
2 ……………………………students passed the exam.
all all the all of the a,b,c
3 All people……………………….homes to live in.
needs need has needed is in need of
4 All of…………………………….are ready to help.
me him them her
5 People have five toes in……………………………….leg.
each every a,b both
6 People have ten toes in…………………………………..legs.
each every a,b both
7 …………………….…….Egyptian citizens have roles in society.
All Both Half an Every
8 ………………………….Egyptian citizen has a role in society.
All Both Half an Every
9 ………..…………………Player in the team was given a medal.
All Every Half of Both
10 All of………………………..are against my decision to leave my current job.
the family members the family a family family member
member members
11 Not all the secretaries in this office………………………………..hard.
work works doesn't work hasn't worked
12 The two boys are young. ………………………..…them can travel on his own.
None None of Neither of Neither
13 The three boys are young . ………………………them can travel on his own.
None None of Neither of Neither
14 We should respect………………………….parents.
both each every either
15 Almost………………………………...teacher in my school has good qualifications.
both all every none

67
16 All people……………………………..waiting for the final match.
has have is are
17 He visits his aunt twice……………………………..month.
every each both neither
18 Neither of………………………………is ready to join the trip.
we our us ours
19 Half the…………………………….in the fridge has been eaten.
cheese vegetables sweets eggs
20 Carry the box with…………………………………….hands.
each every either both
21 I will lend you………………………..……….money I have.
all each every lot of
22 Each employee in the company………………………………given their salary.
have was were has

23 ………………………….them is careless.
Each Each of Every Every of
24 Help your old parents. Neither of…………………………………….is healthy.
they their theirs them
25 There are two doctors. Either………………………..……..will examine you.
of them them their theirs
26 Half of the trees in our garden………………….…………….been planted by me.
has have was were
27 Both Taha…………………………..Abdurrahman are the same age.
or nor of and
28 All of………………………………..are ready to help.
we ours us our
29 Each of……………………………..is punished for breaking the school rules.
they you our we
30 Neither Sama………………….……………..Abdurrahman is at home right now.
nor or and of
31 Either of these two dogs…………………………..………chased my son.
were are has have

68
32 Half the main team……………………………..injured.
has have is are
33 We both visited him in hospital. That means both of ……………………………….visited him.
we us our ours
34 Each of us…………….……………….visiting you in hospital tomorrow.
was were is are
35 Neither my sister nor my parents……………………………………………up late.
get gets is getting has got

deduction ‫االستنتاج‬
passive from infinitive ‫المجهول من المصدر‬

‫مضارع‬ Passive‫مجهول‬ meaning

must +be +p.p ‫جيب ان‬
*must ‫مصدر‬ ‫من املؤكد‬
need to +be +p.p ‫حيتاج ان‬
*can't ‫مصدر‬ ‫من املستحيل‬
should /ought to +be +p.p ‫جيب ان‬
*might / may /‫مصدر‬ ‫رمبا‬ Will / can /could +be +p.p ‫استطاع‬/ ‫يستطيع‬

‫ماضي‬ may /might +be +p.p ‫رمبا‬

(am –is –are) going to +be +p.p ‫سوف‬
*must have p.p ‫كان من املؤكد‬
have to /has to +be +p.p ‫جيب ان‬
*can't have p.p ‫كان من املستحيل‬ had to +be +p.p ‫كان جيب ان‬
*may / might have p.p ‫كان رمبا‬
will have to +be +p.p ‫سوف ينبغي ان‬
am to /is to /are to +be +p.p ‫جيب ان‬
‫نصيحة‬
was to /were to +be +p.p ‫كان جيب ان‬
*should / ought to ‫مصدر‬ ‫جيب ان‬ v+ to +be +p.p ‫ واملصدر‬to ‫افعال بعدها‬
*should have p.p ‫كان جيب ان‬ be able to +be +p.p ‫قادر علي‬
*should haven't p.p ‫كان ال جيب ان‬ be about to +be +p.p ‫يكون علي وشك‬
used to +be +p.p ‫اعتاد ان‬

have been ‫اجملهول منهم يف املاضي‬

p.p ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
1 He is a doctor he …….. clever must be must have ......... ‫الن كونه طالب انتهي فناخذ‬
student. been
2 He is happy .he ….. succeeded . must must have ............ ‫ فناخذ‬p.p ‫ألنه جايب‬

3 He……….. careful, he broke the must have should have ........... ‫الن المعني يحتاج نفي فناخذ‬
window . been been
4 The medicine should ……… now. be taken take ......... ‫الن المعني يحتاج مجهول فناخذ‬

5 The boy will ……… for his punish be punished ......... ‫الن المعني يحتاج مجهول فناخذ‬
laziness .

69
1 Bassant…………………………………hard.
should be studied should study should have b,c
been studied
2 The patient must………………………………….again.
examine have examined be examined be examining
3 The operation must………………………………………..at once
be done do have done been done
4 He might…………………… I haven't seen him after his quarrel ‫ شجار‬with the manager.
fire be firing have fired have been fired
5 You needn't …………………………….any medicine. You are all right.
to give be giving be given have given
6 He is likely to……………………….………..for the job. He is the best applicant.
to choose be chosen be choosing to have chosen
7 Leen looked happy. She……………………………some good news.
must hear must have heard can't hear can't have heard
8 Leen looked annoyed. She…………………………….some good news.
must hear must have heard can't hear can't have heard
9 The car no longer breaks down. My father…………………………taken it to the mechanic.
must have can't have must have been can't have been
10 The car no longer breaks down. It……………………………….taken to the mechanic.
must have can't have must have been can't have been
11 The car still breaks down so often. My father…………………………taken it to the mechanic.
must have can't have must have been can't have been
12 The car still breaks down so often. It………………………………….taken to the mechanic.
must have can't have must have been can't have been
13 I don't think that Rokaya did the shopping. She………………………………………..it.
might do can't do might have done can't have done
14 You …………….………………do what is right and fair.
should shouldn't ought to a,c
15 You………………………………………do what upsets me.
should shouldn't ought to a,c
16 He missed the train. He…………………………………..up earlier.
should get shouldn't get Should have got oughtn't have
got
17 He missed the train. He……………………………..up so late.
should get shouldn't get should have got oughtn't have
got
18 Look for your pencil in the drawer. It…………………………..be there next to the ruler.
can't must have to shouldn't
19 Maha will wait for her husband. She has forgotten her key. She……..……….have brought it.
must may might should
20 She……………………………be talented. She plays the piano, the violin and the lute well.
can't mustn't must has to

70
21 It…………………..………..have been cold there. There is snow on the ground in the photo.
can't might must may not
22 Her watch……………………………have cost a lot of money. It's made of gold.
must might could can't
23 That watch……………………………have cost a lot of money. It's made of plastic.
must might can't can
24 Samy didn't take his keys. He ……………………..……………………….have seen them.
must can can't may
25 I have seen her car outside. She……………………………
can't arrive can't have might arrive must have
arrived arrived

‫فعل القول‬ ‫اداة الربط‬ ‫الظروف الزمنية‬

‫زمن اجلملة‬
said ‫ فاعل‬/ that (that ) ‫النوع علي حسب الكلمة الدالة‬

Told‫مفعول‬ ‫وميكن حذفها‬

‫النوع علي حسب الكلمة الدالة‬ yesterday
Said to ‫مفعول‬ ""
‫املفعول جيب ان يكون بعده فاعل اخر‬ the day before –
‫ ماضي مستمر‬then- that + ‫فرتة زمنية‬
the previous day
the following-the next
(would )‫واذا مل يوجد ماضي مستمر نأخذ‬ tomorrow
‫ماضي تام‬before-yet-since- after
the next (following) day
the previous day+ ‫فرتة‬-when
because-for
now then
‫ماضي بسيط‬ ‫اذا مل يوجد كلمة دالة علي املاضي التام‬ these those
this that
tonight

that night
‫ملحوظات مهمة‬
just now ‫الزمن ال يتحول‬
‫*اذا كان هناك اقواس " " فهنا تكون الجملة‬
1- ‫فعل قول ماضي‬ + a moment ago + ‫مستقبل‬/‫مضارع‬
‫مباشر وتتطلب االتي‬
since a while ‫او ماضي علي‬
said ‫ فعل القول اخر الجملة يكون‬-1 He said just now he likes E. ‫حسب الكلمات الدالة‬
" you are polite " said Ali
said ( to ) ‫ فعل القول اول الجملة‬-2 2- ‫ فعل القول ماضي‬+ ) ‫عادة‬/‫الزمن مضارع لو(حقيقة‬

Ali said to Reda " you are polite" ‫ اذا مل تتغري الظروف ال تتغري االزمنة‬-3
He said he is travelling tomorrow
‫ ضمائر الفاعل والمفعول تكون مباشر‬-3
‫ تغري الضمائر وصفات امللكية علي حسب نقل الكالم‬-4
Ali said " l like E " Aliaa said she liked E

71
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬

1 He……….……….Ali was polite. told said ..............‫الن مفيش مفعول فنأخذ‬

2 "Ali is clever,"……………….the said told ‫ألنها اخر الجملة ومش متحولة‬

teacher. ............................‫فنأخذ‬
3 They told us they did…………… his their ...............‫النهم جمع فنأخذ‬
homework.
4 Ali said………………..….liked his she he ............. ‫الن الفاعل مذكر فنأخذ‬
teacher.
5 He told me he was meeting The following tomorrow ...............‫ألنها متحولة فنأخذ‬
them………………. day

1 Tamer……………………………… me that he was ill.

said told tells says
2 My father……………………………….us that he has bought a new mobile.
told said to tells says
3 My friend said that he…………………………to go Cairo Airport to meet his uncle.
has had would have
4 Sheriff told me that……………….was doing his work, so he couldn't go to the club with me.
she he we you
5 Dalia told us that she………………………………….lunch then.
prepared is preparing was preparing will prepare
6 Hadi……………………………….me that he would travel to London on Friday.
said says tells told
7 Faten told us that she…………………….……already received a reply to her complaint.
has had would have
8 I said to Manal, ''I …………………………..……….just finished my work".
had has have will
9 Walid said that he………………………..……go to school because he was ill.
can't couldn't could would
10 Basma told me that she wouldn't go to her village the………………………….weekend.
last previous next follow
11 Sami said that they…………………………..……to the park the week before.
didn't go don't go hadn't gone haven't gone
12 My brother said that the car…..…….ready for the trip because a lot of things needed to be fixed.
wasn't was will be been
13 Sagda said that she…………………………met the new manager.
has had have was
14 Hamza told me……………………………he had visited his uncle in the village.
this that then if
15 Yasser said that he…………………………….his close friends tomorrow.
is meeting was meeting will meet meet
16 Nada told me that she………………………………………be ready for the journey.
will would can was

72
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪"I…………………………………..my homework now", said taher.‬‬
‫‪was doing‬‬ ‫‪am doing‬‬ ‫‪will do‬‬ ‫‪does‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪He…………………………his father was a doctor.‬‬
‫‪says‬‬ ‫‪said‬‬ ‫‪told‬‬ ‫‪said to‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪"We are busy," ……………………………………the teacher.‬‬
‫‪says‬‬ ‫‪told‬‬ ‫‪said‬‬ ‫‪say‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪He told me he studied………………………………………..lessons.‬‬
‫‪their‬‬ ‫‪him‬‬ ‫‪his‬‬ ‫‪he‬‬

‫املباشر يف االستفهامية وهل‬

‫فعل قول‬ ‫اداة الربط‬ ‫زمن اجلملة‬

‫والظروف الزمنية‬
‫‪asked –inquired-wondered‬‬ ‫*اداة استفهام ‪If / whether /‬‬
‫كما سبق‬
‫‪wanted to know‬‬ ‫علما بان اذا كان املعين‬
‫‪don't know-have no idea‬‬
‫حيتاج لو تأخذ ‪if / whether‬‬
‫علما بان‪ asked‬هي الوحيدة اليت‬
‫واذا احتاج اداة استفهام نأخذ اداة استفهام‬
‫يأتي بعدها مفعول‬
‫فهو علي حسب معين اجلملة‬
‫تذكر ) فعل‪ +‬فاعل‪+‬اداة استفهام ‪)if/whether +‬‬

‫‪-1‬عالمة االستفهام حتذف يف السؤال الغري مباشر‬

‫خـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــد‬
‫‪-2‬الزمن يبقي علي حاله اذا كان فعل القول مضارع ‪/‬حقيقة‪/‬منذ فرتة قصرية‪/‬عادة متكررة‬

‫‪-3‬اذا كان الغري مباشر يبدا بـــ ‪ do / could/can‬ال حنذف عالمة االستفهام ويكون الزمن‬
‫ب ـ ـ ـ ـ ــالك‬
‫مضارع ‪/‬مستقبل لو مفيش كلمة دالة والرتتيب فاعل فعل بردوا‬ ‫ي ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــا‬
‫‪-5‬اذا اجتمعت ‪ if / whether‬يفضل ‪ whether‬عند وجود ) ‪ )or not‬اوال او اخرا‬
‫صديقي‬
‫……فاعل ‪where‬‬ ‫‪-6‬من املمكن ان حتل ‪ where to‬حمل‬

‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
‫‪1 He asked why ………. absent‬‬ ‫‪was I‬‬ ‫‪I was‬‬ ‫الن الترتيب خبري فنأخذ ‪............‬‬
‫‪yesterday .‬‬
‫‪2 He …….. me when I came .‬‬ ‫‪asked‬‬ ‫‪inquired‬‬ ‫النه جايب مفعول فنأخذ ‪..............‬‬

‫‪3 He asked ……. I met at the‬‬ ‫‪who‬‬ ‫‪how much‬‬ ‫الن الجملة تسأل عن الفاعل فنأخذ‬
‫‪meeting .‬‬ ‫‪..............‬‬
‫‪4 Can you tell me when you ….E.‬‬ ‫‪study‬‬ ‫‪studied‬‬ ‫الن السؤال بـ ‪ can‬فنأخذ ‪.........‬‬

‫‪5 He wanted to know ….. I liked E .‬‬ ‫‪whether‬‬ ‫‪weather‬‬ ‫الن ‪ whether‬بمعني لو فنأخذ ‪..‬‬

‫‪73‬‬
1 Tamer asked the worker why ……………… his hat to protect his head .
he didn't wear didn't he hasn't worn he doesn't wear
2 Ahmed ………… he was able to write the report on his own .
inquired ordered said told
3 Could you tell me why ………………….. late for work ?
had you come did you come you had come you come
4 Yasser asked the tourist …………….. he come from .
when where that if
5 Samir asked me how ……………….. the problem alone .
will I solve had I solved I had solved I will solve
6 Hatim asked ………………… or not we would join the trip to the pyramids .
if when whether how
7 No one knows why …………… angry .
was she is the she had been she is
8 I asked my mother if food ………………..
has prepared had prepared had been has been
prepared
9 My friend wanted to know how long ………………… for the car factory .
am I working I am working had I been working I had been working

10 Huda inquired ………………… or not I would accept that invitation .

if whether that which
11 Please , tell me where ………………….. meet tomorrow.
we were going to we are going to will we are we going to
12 The shop assistant asked why I …………………… to change that shirt .
want was wanted wanted have wanted
13 Samir ………………….. me why I had chosen that T- shirt .
said inquired ordered asked
14 The interviewer said that they would inform me of the result of the interview …………..
next week last week the following week the week
before
15 Could you tell me why ……………….. to london last month ?
did you travel had you travelled you travelled you had
16 Ali wanted to know ……………. I was ready for the exam or not .
whether why that when
17 Tamer wonders when I ………………… home because he needs my help badly .
had returned going to return would return will return
18 My mother asked why …………….. that loud noise .
I was making was I making I will make had I made
19 She asked me, " …………………….. the final match ? "
have you watched you watched you are watching you watch
20 She asked him ……………….. he was going out .
which what whether who

74
 ‫فن الترجمة ‪Translation‬‬

‫يقوم الطالب بمقارنة ‪ a‬بـ ‪ b‬ويستخرج الخطأ مقارنة برأس السؤال ويضع ‪ X‬علي الخطأ ثم‬
‫قبل الحل‬
‫يقارن الصح بنمرة ‪ C‬ويستخرج الخطأ من بينهم وهكذا يقارن بـ ‪d‬‬

‫كيف اعرف الخطأ أو أين يكون؟‬ ‫وهنا سؤال‬

‫للخطأ؟‬

‫ربما يكون في‬ ‫ربما يكون علي‬ ‫ربما يكون علي‬ ‫ربما يكون علي‬ ‫ربما يكون في‬
‫معاني الكلمات أو‬ ‫القواعد من‬ ‫حروف الجر‬ ‫حذف كلمة تؤثر‬ ‫الترجمة الحرفية‬
‫الكلمات المتشابهة‬ ‫أزمنة أو صفة أو‬ ‫علي المعني‬ ‫من وجهه نظر‬
‫حال وغير ذلك‬ ‫الطالب‬

‫الشرح والتوضيح باألمثلة‬

‫‪-1‬ربما يكون الخطأ في معني الكلمة أو الكلمات المتشابهة ‪ :‬مثل‬

‫‪-1‬علينا التخلص من القمامة بإعادة تصنيعها‬

‫‪ We should get ride of rubbish by recycling .‬‬
‫‪ We should get rid of rubbish by recycling .‬‬

‫‪-2‬المخ هو العضو الذي يتحكم في سائر الجسم‬

‫‪ The brain is the organ that controls the body.‬‬
‫‪ The brain is the member that controls the body.‬‬

‫‪-3‬التلوث مصدر العديد من األمراض‬

‫‪ Population is a cause of many diseases .‬‬
‫‪ Pollution is a cause of many diseases .‬‬

‫‪-2‬ربما يكون الخطأ في القواعد من أزمنة أو صفة أو حال أو روابط غير ذلك من القواعد التي درسها الطالب ‪ :‬مثل‬

‫‪-1‬لقد قامت الدولة ببناء العديد من المدارس لتحسين عمليه التعليم‬

‫‪ The state had built a lot of schools to improve a education.‬‬
‫‪ The state has built a lot of schools to improve education .‬‬

‫‪-2‬تعمل الدولة جاهدة من أجل تحسين مستوي المعيشة‬

‫‪ Our country tries hard to improve living standard.‬‬
‫‪ Our country tried hardly to improve living standard.‬‬
‫‪75‬‬
 ‫‪-3‬ربما يكون الخطأ علي حرف الجر مع الفعل أو غيره ‪ :‬مثل‬

‫‪-1‬يجب علينا االعتناء بأطفالنا من أجل أن نقلل من المشردون في الشوارع‬

‫‪ We should look for our children to reduce the homeless in the streets.‬‬
‫‪ We should look after our children to reduce the homeless in the streets.‬‬

‫‪-2‬تفخر مصر دائما بعلمائها في شتي المجاالت‬

‫‪ Egypt is always proud to its scientists in all fields.‬‬
‫‪ Egypt is always proud of its scientists in all fields.‬‬

‫‪-4‬ربما يكون الخطأ في حذف كلمة تؤثر علي المعني ‪ :‬مثل‬

‫‪-1‬دائما نسعي لجمع المال لتأمين مستقبلنا‬

‫‪ We seek to earn money to secure our future.‬‬
‫‪ We always seek to earn money to secure our future.‬‬

‫‪-2‬تهدد الزالزل ماليين البشر والمباني في الوقت الحالي‬

‫‪ Earthquakes threaten millions of buildings nowadays.‬‬
‫‪ Earthquakes threaten millions of people and buildings nowadays .‬‬

‫‪-5‬ربما يكون الخطأ في الترجمة الحرفية للطالب ‪ :‬مثل‬

‫‪1- It's raining cats and dogs.‬‬

‫‪ ‬إنها تمطر قططا وكالبا‬
‫‪ ‬إنها تمطر بغزارة‬

‫‪2- One is never too old to learn.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ال احد كبير لدرجة أن يتعلم‬
‫‪ ‬المعرفة تأتي في أي وقت من العمر‬

‫لكن احذر أن تنخدع بهؤالء‬

‫أن يأتي بأكثر من‬ ‫أن يستخدم أكثر من‬

‫أن يستخدم أكثر‬ ‫أن يقدم اخر‬
‫معني للكلمة وهم‬ ‫زمن او فعل مفرد وآخر‬
‫من حرف جر‬ ‫الجملة ويؤخر‬
‫صح ولكن الخطأ‬ ‫جمع وكالهما صحيح‬
‫وكالهما صحيح‬ ‫أولها وهذا ربما ال‬
‫في مكان آخر‬ ‫والخطأ في مكان آخر‬
‫لكن الخطأ في‬ ‫يكون الخطأ‬
‫مكان آخر‬ ‫المطلوب‬

‫‪76‬‬
 ‫امثلة للتوضيح‬
‫‪ -1‬علينا أن ندعم طالبنا بكل الطرق من أجل أن يحصلوا علي اعلي الدرجات‬
‫‪ We should encourage our students with all ways in order to get high marks.‬‬
‫‪ We should support our students with all ways in order not to get high marks.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬لقد قامت الحكومة بمحاربة اإلرهاب في الكثير من المناطق‬

‫‪ The government fit terrorism in much areas.‬‬
‫‪ The government have fit terrorism in many areas.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬لقد قامت الدولة ببناء المدن الحديثة في الصحراء لحماية األراضي الزراعية‬
‫‪ The state has built modern cities in the desert to protect farmland.‬‬
‫‪ The state have built modern villages in the desert to protect farmland .‬‬

‫‪ -4‬إن الحكومة حريصة كل الحرص علي نشر العدل والمساواة‬

‫‪ The government is keen on spreading justice and inequality.‬‬
‫‪ The government is keen to spread justice and equality.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬إذا لم نبذل قصارى جهدنا للوصول للقمة في شبابنا سنعاني كثير حينما نكبر‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪We will suffer a lot when we grow up unless we do our best to reach the top in our youth.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪unles we do our best in our youth to reach the top we will suffer a lot when we grows up.‬‬

‫الخالصة‬
‫يحب عليك أن تعرف مكان الخطأ وهذا يتطلب حفظ كلمات وحروف جر ودراسة القواعد بدقة‬
‫ثم بعد ذلك التدريب بحل أسئلة كثيرة علي الترجمة من حين آلخر وهذا يزيدك تمكينا‬

‫استخرج الخطأ بنفسك من‬

‫الجمل الثانية يا صديقي‬
‫بعض االمثلة المحلولة للتوضيح‬
‫‪1- The internet is the quickest and best means of communication for millions of people. However, it‬‬
‫‪should be used wisely and carefully to avoid its demerits .‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬اإلنترنت هو أسرع وأفضل وسيلة اتصال آلالف األشخاص‪ .‬ومع ذلك‪ ,‬يجب استخدامه بحكمه وحذر لتجنب عيوبه‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬اإلنترنت هو أسرع وأرخص وسيلة اتصال لماليين األشخاص‪ .‬ومع ذلك‪ ,‬يجب استخدامه بحكمه وحذر لتجنب عيوبه‪.‬‬
‫ج‪ -‬اإلنترنت هو أسرع وافضل وسيلة اتصال لماليين األشخاص‪ .‬ومع ذلك‪ ,‬يجب استخدامه بحكمه وحذر لتجنب عيوبه ‪.‬‬
‫د‪ -‬اإلنترنت هو أسرع وأفضل وسيلة اتصال لماليين األشخاص‪ .‬ومع ذلك‪ ,‬يجب استخدامه بحكمه وحذر لتقليل عيوبه‪.‬‬

‫‪2- The BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) is a high-capacity bus-based public transport system. lt was created to provide‬‬
‫‪services more quickly and effectively than other means of transport.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬االتوبيس الترددي هو نظام نقل خاص عالي السعة قائم علي الحافالت‪ ,‬تم إنشاؤه لتقديم الخدمات بسرعة وخطورة أقل من وسائل النقل األخرى‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬االتوبيس الترددي هو نظام نقل عام عالي السعة قائم علي الحافالت‪ ,‬تم إنشاؤه لتقديم الخدمات بسرعة وفعالية أكبر من وسائل النقل األخرى‪.‬‬
‫ج‪ -‬االتوبيس الترددي هو نظام نقل عام عالي السعة قائم علي الحافالت‪ ,‬تم إنشاؤه لتقديم الخدمات بسرعة وأمان أكبر من وسائل النقل األخرى‪.‬‬
‫د‪ -‬االتوبيس الترددي هو نظام نقل عا م عادي السعة قائم علي الحافالت‪ ,‬تم إنشاؤه لتقديم الخدمات بسرعة وأسعار أعلي من وسائل النقل األخرى‪.‬‬

‫‪77‬‬
 3- Throughout history, literature has played a significant role in human life; it portrays the culture,
civilization, customs, and behaviours of man.
.‫ حيث يصور ثقافة وحضارة وعادات وسلوكيات اإلنسان‬.‫ دورا مهما في حياة اإلنسان‬,‫ عبر التاريخ‬,‫ لقد لعب العلم‬-‫أ‬
.‫ حيث يصور ثقافة وحضارة وعادات وسلوكيات اإلنسان‬.‫ دورا مهما في حياة الدول‬,‫ عبر التاريخ‬,‫ لقد لعب األدب‬-‫ب‬
.‫ حيث يصور ثقافة وحضارة وعادات وسلوكيات اإلنسان‬.‫ دورا مهما في حياة اإلنسان‬,‫ عبر التاريخ‬,‫ لقد لعب األدب‬-‫ج‬
.‫ حيث يصور ثقافة وحضارة وعادات وسلوكيات اإلنسان‬.‫ دورا مهما في حياة اإلنسان‬,‫ عبر العصور‬,‫ لقد لعب األدب‬-‫د‬

4- Most experts assert that physical education classes are an important part of a child's education.
.‫ يؤكد معظم الخبراء أن دروس التربية البدنية هي جزء مهم من تعليم الطفل‬-‫أ‬
.‫ يؤكد معظم الخبراء أن دروس التربية البدنية هي جزء غير مهم من تعليم الطفل‬-‫ب‬
.‫ يؤكد بعض الخبراء أن دروس التربية البدنية هي جزء مهم من تعليم الطفل‬-‫ج‬
.‫ يؤكد معظم الخبراء أن دروس التربية البدنية هي جزء مهم من شخصية الطفل‬-‫د‬

.‫ أظهرت األبحاث الحديثة أن التفاؤل واألفكار اإليجابية أفضل لصحتنا‬-5

A- Recent research has shown that optimism and positive thoughts are better for our life.
B- Recent research has shown that pessimism and positive thoughts are better for our health.
C- Recent research has shown that optimism and positive thoughts are better for our health.
D- Recent research has shown that optimism and negative thoughts are better for our health.

.‫ يجب أن يتمتع المواطنون بصفات جيدة مثل الوالء واإلخالص وحب العمل‬,‫ ولتحقيق التقدم‬-6
A- In order to achieve progress, citizens mustn’t have good qualities such as loyalty, cooperation, sincerity,
and love of work.
B- In order to achieve progress, citizens must have good quantities such as loyalty, cooperation, sincerity, and
love of work.
C- In order to achieve progress, citizens must have good qualities such as loyalty, cooperation, security, and
love of work.
D- In order to achieve progress, citizens must have good qualities such as loyalty, cooperation, sincerity, and
love of work.

‫ التنمر اإللكتروني عبر تطبيقات التواصل االجتماعي يهدد الصحة العقلية للمراهقين‬-7
A- Cyber bullies on social media risk adolescents’ brain health.
B- Cyberattacks through social media apps threaten adolescents' mental health.
C- Cyberbullying threatens the mental health of young people on social platforms.
D- Cyberbullying through social media apps threatens adolescents' mental health.

.‫ تعليم الفتيات يساعد المجتمعات في تجنب زواج األطفال وتحسين ظروف المعيشة‬-8
A- Children's education helps communities avoid child marriage and improve living conditions.
B- Girls’ education helps communities avoid child marriage and improve living conditions.
C- Girls' education helps communities avoid child marriage and improve working conditions.
D- Communities help girls' education in avoiding child marriage and improving living conditions.

‫ وهذا أثبت للعالم كله قدره الدول العربية واألفريقية علي وجه الخصوص علي‬,‫ لقد أذهلت المغرب دول العالم بمستوي مبهر ونتائج مذهلة في كأس العالم‬-9
‫المنافسة بقوة‬
A- Morocco has dazzled the countries of Africa with an impressive level and amazing results in the World Cup, and this has
proved to the world the entire ability of Arab and African countries in general to compete strongly.
B- Morocco has dazzled the countries of the world with an impressive level and unexpected results in the World Cup, and
this has proven to the world the entire ability of Arab countries in particular to compete strongly.
C- Morocco has dazzled the countries of the world with an impressive level and amazing results in the World Cup in Qatar,
and this has proven to the world the entire power of Arab and African countries in particular to compete strongly.
D- Morocco has dazzled the countries of the world with an impressive level and amazing results in the World Cup, and this
has proven to the world the entire ability of Arab and African countries in particular to compete strongly.

78
 ‫اسئلة غير مجابة للتدريب‬

‫‪1- If Egypt wants to achieve something, nothing can stop it. Its long and‬‬
‫‪glorious history is the best witness.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬إذا أرادت مصر تحقيق شيء ما فكل شيء يوقفها‪ .‬وتاريخها الطويل المجيد خبر شاهد‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬إذا أرادت مصر تحقيق شيء ما فال شيء يمنعها‪ .‬وتاريخها الطويل المجيد شاهد خير‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬إذا أرادت مصر تحقيق شيء ما فال شيء يوقفها‪ .‬وتاريخها الطويل المجيد خير شاهد‪.‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬إذا أرادت مصر تحقيق كل شيء ما فال شيء يوقفها‪ .‬وتاريخها الطويل المجيد خير شاهد‪.‬‬

‫‪2- A nation's progress is achieved with the help of the sincere efforts exerted‬‬
‫‪by all devoted citizens.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬تقدم األمة بفضل الجهود المخلصة التي يبذلها المواطنون المخلصون‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬تقدم األمة بفضل الجهود المخلصة التي يبذلها المواطنون المخلصين‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬تتقدم األمة بفضل اآلثار المخلصة التي يبذلها المواطنون المخلصون‪.‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬تتقدم األمة بفضل الجهود المخلصة التي يبذلها المواطنون المخلصون‪.‬‬

‫‪3- Hard work is the only way to raise the standard of living. For this reason,‬‬
‫‪we should work more and speak less.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬إن العمل الشاق هو السبيل الوحيد لرفع مستوي المعيشة‪ ,‬ألننا يجب أن نعمل أكثر ونتحدث أقل‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬العمل الجاد هو السبيل األوحد لرفع مستوي المعيشة‪ ,‬لهذا السبب يجب أن نعمل أقل ونتحدث أكثر‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬إن العمل الجاد هو السبيل الوحيد لرفع مستوي المعيشة‪ ,‬لهذا السبب يجب أن نعمل أكثر ونتحدث أقل‪.‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬إن العمل الجاد هو السبيل لرفع مستوي المعيشة‪ ,‬لذلك يجب أن نعمل أكثر ونتحدث أقل‪.‬‬

‫‪4- Keeping the environment clean is a must. We pollute the world in which‬‬
‫?‪we live! How come‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬إن الحفاظ علي نظافة البيئة أمر ال بد منه‪ ,‬نحن نلوث العالم الذي نعيش فيه! كيف يأتي؟‬
‫ب‪ -‬إن الحفاظ علي نظافة البيئة أمر ال بد منه‪ ,‬نحن نلوث العالم الذي نعيش فيه! كيف ذلك؟‬
‫ج ‪ -‬إن الحفاظ علي نظافة البيئة أمر يجب أن‪ ,‬نحن نلوث العالم الذي نعيش فيه! كيف ذلك؟‬
‫د ‪ -‬إن الحفاظ علي البيئة أمر ضروري‪ ,‬نحن نلوث العالم الذي نعيش فيه! كيف ذلك؟‬

‫‪5- Choosing the right job is important for you because you need to enjoy the‬‬
‫‪work you do.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬يعد اختيار الوظيفة المناسبة أمرا مهما ألنك بحاجة إلي االستمتاع بعملك‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬يعد اختيار الوظيفة المناسبة أمرا مهما بالنسبة إلي االستمتاع بالعمل الذي تقوم به‪.‬‬
‫ت‪ -‬يعد القيام بالوظيفة المناسبة أمرا مهما بالنسبة لك ألنك تستمتع بالعمل الذي تقوم به‪.‬‬
‫ث‪ -‬يعد اختيار الوظيفة أمرا مهما بالنسبة لك ألنك بحاجة ماسة إلي االستمتاع بالعمل الذي تقوم به‪.‬‬

‫‪6-‬‬ ‫‪Egypt is one of the countries that have several attractions for tourists Besides the admirable‬‬
‫‪monuments, Egypt has a splendid weather in winter.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬تعد مصر من الدول التي لديها العديد من عوامل الجذب للسياح‪ ,‬فإلي جانب اآلثار الرائعة‪ ,‬تتمتع مصر بطقس رائع في الشتاء‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬تعد مصر من الدول التي لديها العديد من القيود للسياح‪ ,‬فإلي جانب اآلثار الرائعة‪ ,‬تتمتع مصر بطقس رائع في الشتاء‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬تعد مصر من الدول التي لديها العديد من المفاتن للسياح‪ ,‬فإلي جانب اآلثار الرائعة‪ ,‬تتمتع مصر بطقس عجيب في الشتاء‪.‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬تعد مصر من الدول التي لديها العديد من عوامل الجذب للسياح‪ ,‬فإلي جانب اللحظات الرائعة‪ ,‬تتمتع مصر بطقس رائع في الشتاء‪.‬‬

‫‪79‬‬
 ‫‪7- International tourism brings in foreign currency. provides employment and‬‬
‫‪helps peoples to understand each other.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬إن السياحة القومية تجلب العمالت االجنبية وتوفر فرص العمل وتساعد الناس علي فهم بعضهم البعض‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬إن السياحة الدولية تجلب العمالت الجارية وتوفر فرص العمل وتساعد الشعب علي فهم بعضهم البعض‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬إن السياحة الدولية تجلب العمالت االجنبية وتوفر فرص العمل وتساعد الشعوب علي فهم بعضهم البعض‪.‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬إن السياحة الدولية تجلب العمالت االجنبية وتوفر البطالة وتساعد الناس علي فهم بعضهم البعض‪.‬‬

‫‪8- Every country sharing in the Olympic Games tries hard to win so as to raise‬‬
‫‪its flag in this important international tournament.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬كل دولة تتقاسم األلعاب األولمبية تحاول جاهدة الفوز لرفع علمها في هذه البطولة الدولية الهامة‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬كل دولة تنشر األلعاب األولمبية تحاول جاهدة الفوز لرفع علمها في هذه البطولة الدولية الهامة‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬كل دولة تشارك في األلعاب األولمبية تحاول الفوز لرفع علمها عاليا في هذه البطولة الدولية الهامة‪.‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬كل دولة تشارك في األلعاب األولمبية تحاول جاهدة الفوز لرفع علمها في هذه البطولة الدولية الهامة‪.‬‬

‫‪9- President Abdel Fattah Elsisi has stressed that Egypt's share of the Nile‬‬
‫‪water is a red line that can't be approached.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬أكد الرئيس عبد الفتاح السيسي أن مشاركة مصر من مياه النيل خط أحمر ال يمكن االقتراب منه‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬أكد الرئيس عبد الفتاح السيسي أن نصيب مصر من مياه النيل خط أحمر يمكن االقتراب منه‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬أكد الرئيس عبد الفتاح السيسي أن نصيب مصر من مياه النيل خط أحمر ال يمكن االقتراب منه‪.‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬أكد الرئيس عبد الفتاح السيسي أن منشور مصر من مياه النيل خط أحمر ال يمكن االقتراب منه‪.‬‬

‫‪10- Water is the most precious gift of nature. Wasting water is a dangerous‬‬
‫‪threat to man's existence on earth.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬الماء هو أثمن هدية للطبيعة‪ ,‬وإن إهدار الماء هو تهديد جاد لوجود اإلنسان علي األرض‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬إن الماء هو أثمن هديا الطبيعة‪ ,‬وإهدار المياه هو تهديد خطير لوجود اإلنسان علي األرض‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬إن الماء هو أثمن هديا الطبيعة‪ ,‬وإهدار المياه هو تهديد خطير إلثارة اإلنسان علي األرض‪.‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬إن الماء هو أثمن الهبات للطبيعة‪ ,‬وإهداره تهديد خطير لوجود النساء علي األرض‪.‬‬

‫‪11- We have a duty towards the Nile as it is the artery of life in Egypt.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬علينا واجب تجاه النيل ألنه وريد الحياة في مصر‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬علينا واجب تجاه النهر‪ .‬إنه شريان حياة في مصر‪.‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬علينا واجب تجاه النيل ألنه شريان الحياة في مصر‪.‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬لنا واجب علي النيل ألنه شريان الحياة في مصر‪.‬‬

‫‪ -12‬يعتبر جميع المصريون أي اعتداء علي مياه النيل اعتداء علي األمن القومي المصري يجب‬
‫مجابهته بكل حزم‬
‫‪A- All Egyptians consider that any attack on the Nile water is an attack on Egyptian‬‬
‫‪national security that must be confronted firmly.‬‬
‫‪B- All Egyptians regard any attack on the Nile water as an attack on Egyptian national‬‬
‫‪security that must be confronted firmly.‬‬
‫‪C- All Egyptians see that any attack on the Nile water is an attack on Egyptian national‬‬
‫‪security that must be confronted firmly.‬‬
‫‪D- a, b &c.‬‬

‫‪80‬‬
 .‫ يعتبر أي اعتداء علي مياه النيل اعتداءا علي األمن القومي المصري يجب مجابهته بكل حزم‬-13
A- Any attack on the water of the Nile is an attack on Egypt's national security that must be confronted firmly.
B- Any attack on the water of the Nile is considered an attack on Egypt's national security that must be
confronted firmly.
C- a & b.
D- Any attack on the water of the Nile considers an attack on Egypt's national security that must be confronted
firmly.

.‫ال بد أن تقوم الدولة بضمان توفير االحتياجات األساسية للمواطنين لحمايتهم من جشع بعض التجار‬-14
A- The state must guarantee the availability of the basic needs of citizens to protect them from the greed of
some merchants.
B- The state must stand to guarantee the availability of the basic needs of citizens to protect them from the
greed of some merchants.
C- The state must guarantee the availability of the basic needs of citizens to protect them from the greedy of
some merchants.
D- a & b.

.‫ تعمل المدرسة علي بناء شخصية الطفل االجتماعية واألخالقية جنبا إلي جنب مع تنمية قدراته العقلية ومهاراته‬-15
A- The school works on building the child's social and moral personality along with developing their mental
abilities and skills.
B- The school builds the child's social and moral personality and develops their mental abilities and skills.
C- The school builds the child's social and moral personality along with develop their mental abilities and skills.
D- a &b.

.‫البد أن يتم تزويد جميع المدارس بكل اإلمكانيات التكنولوجية لالستفادة من تطبيقات التكنولوجيا في التعليم‬-16
A- All schools must be provided with all technological facilities to benefit from technological
applications in education.
B- All schools must be completed with all technological facilities to benefit from technological
applications in education.
C- All schools must provide with all technological facilities to benefit from technological applications in
education.
D- a & b.

.‫ يوجد بعض السمات التي تساعد المرء علي النجاح مثل الصبر وقوة اإلرادة والمرونة في مواجهة المواقف المختلفة‬-17
A- It exist some traits that help one to succeed such as patience, willpower and flexibility in facing different
situations.
B- They exist some traits that help one to succeed such as patience, willpower and flexibility in facing different
situations.
C- There are some traits that help one to succeed such as patience, willpower and flexibility in facing different
situations.
D- a.b&c.

.‫البد ان يكون هناك حلوال جذرية لمشكلة التلوث البيئي التي تهدد مستقبل الحياة علي كوكب األرض‬-18
A- There are radical solutions to the problem of environmental pollution that threatens the future of life on the
planet.
B- There will be radical solutions to the problem of environmental pollution that threatens the future of life on
the planet.
C- There must be solutions to the problem of environmental pollution that threatens the future of life on the
planet.
D- There must be radical solutions to the problem of environmental pollution that threatens the future of life on
the planet.

81
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
sports center ‫مركز رياضي‬ museum ‫ متحف‬act - acted - acted ‫يتصرف‬
funfair ‫مدينة المالهي‬ exhibition ‫معرض‬ add – added – added ‫يضيف‬
planetarium ‫ القبة السماوية‬restaurant ‫ مطعم‬agree – agreed – agreed ‫يوافق‬
dolphins ‫دالفين‬ nervous ‫ متوتر‬/ ‫عصبي‬ allow – allowed – allowed ‫يسمح‬
shopping ‫ التسوق‬together ‫معا‬ answer – answered – answered ‫يجيب‬
‫ المقصف‬/ ‫كانتين المدرسة‬
school canteen
opera ‫اوبرا‬ arrive – arrived – arrived ‫يصل‬
swimming pool ‫حمام سباحة‬ traditional ‫تقليدي‬ ask – asked – asked ‫يسال – يطلب‬
pop music ‫ موسيقي البوب‬coconut ‫جوز الهند‬ awake – awoke – awoken ‫يوقظ‬
terrible ‫ كريه‬/ ‫فظيع‬ closed ‫مغلق‬ awake – awaked – awaked ‫يستيقظ‬
opinion ‫راي‬ diving ‫ رياضة الغطس‬back – backed – backed ‫يرجع‬
football stadium ‫ملعب كرة قدم‬ kayaking ‫ رياضة التجديف بالزورق‬bake – baked – baked ‫يخبز‬
mountain biking ‫ركوب الدرجات علي الجبال‬
bowling alley ‫صالة بولينج‬ bear – bore – born ‫تلد‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

bridge ‫ كوبري‬million ‫ مليون‬bear – bore – borne ‫يتحمل‬
pyramid ‫ هرم‬the great pyramid ‫الهرم االكبر‬ become – became – become ‫يصبح‬
tower ‫ برج‬crowded ‫مزدحم‬ begin – began – begun ‫يبدا‬
tunnel ‫نفق‬ suspension bridge ‫ كوبري معلق‬believe – believed – believed ‫يعتقد‬
further ‫ابعد‬ dangerous ‫ خطير‬belong – belonged – belonged ‫ينتمي‬
worse ‫اسوا‬ narrow ‫ ضيق‬blow – blew – blown ‫يفجر – يعصف‬
beautiful ‫ جميل‬famous ‫مشهور‬ box – boxed – boxed ‫يالكم – يعبيء‬
sunset ‫غروب الشمس‬ valuable ‫ذو قيمة‬ break – broke – broken ‫يكسر‬
achievements ‫انجازات‬ space ‫ فضاء‬brighten – brightened – brightened ‫يسطع‬
holiday ‫ اجازة‬entrance ‫مدخل‬ bring – brought – brought ‫يحضر‬

Russia ‫ دولة روسيا‬fantastic ‫ رائع‬build – built – built ‫يبني‬

deep ‫عميق‬ treasure ‫كنز‬ bump – bumped – bumped ‫يصدم‬

82
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
windsurfing ‫ركوب االمواج‬ protect ‫ يحمي‬buy – bought – bought ‫يشتري‬
mount catherine ‫جبل سانت كاترين‬ railway line ‫خط سكة حديد‬ call – called – called ‫يسمي – ينادي‬
tent ‫خيمة‬ rock climbing ‫تسلق الصخور‬ carry – carried – carried ‫يحمل‬
journey ‫رحلة طويلة‬ sailing ‫االبحار‬ catch – caught – caught ‫يمسك – يصطاد‬
negotiate ‫يتفاوض‬ trekking ‫المشي لمسافات طويلة في الجبال‬ change – changed – changed ‫يغير‬
rainy ‫ممطر‬ zip lining ‫االنزالق بالحبل‬ chase – chased – chased ‫يطارد‬
fog ‫ضباب‬ bedouin ‫بدوي‬ cheer –cheered – cheered ‫يبتهج‬
adventure ‫ مغامرة‬activity ‫ نشاط‬choose – chose – chosen ‫يختار‬
cloudy ‫ ملبد بالغيوم‬argument ‫جدال‬ clean – cleaned – cleaned ‫ينظف‬
stormy ‫عاصف‬ carefully ‫بحرص‬ climb – climbed – climbed ‫يتسلق‬
weather ‫طقس‬ keep warm ‫يحتفظ بالدفء‬ close – closed – closed ‫يغلق‬
dentist ‫ طبيب اسنان‬challenge ‫تحدي‬ colour – coloured – coloured ‫يلون‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

complete ‫ يكمل‬wind turbines ‫طواحين الهواء‬ come – came – come ‫ياتي‬
cotton ‫قطن‬ robot ‫انسان الي‬ compare – compared – compared ‫يقارن‬
glass ‫زجاج‬ earthquake ‫زلزال‬ complete – completed – completed ‫يكمل‬
leather ‫جلد‬ disadvantages ‫عيوب‬ contain – cantained – contained ‫يحتوي‬
metal ‫ معدن‬imagination ‫ خيال‬control – controlled – controlled ‫يسيطر علي‬
plastic ‫ بالستيك‬wool ‫صوف‬ cook – cooked – cooked ‫يطهي‬
stone ‫ حجر‬pencil case ‫ مقلمة‬copy – copied – copied ‫ينسخ‬
wallet ‫محفظة‬ skirt ‫ جيبة‬correct – corrected – corrected ‫يصحح‬
roof ‫سطح‬ socks ‫ جوارب‬cost – cost – cost ‫يكلف‬
taps ‫حنفيات‬ statue ‫تمثال‬ count – counted – counted ‫يعد‬
kitchen ‫ مطبخ‬tablet )‫جهاز لوحي (تابلت‬ cover – covered – covered ‫يغطي‬
solar panels ‫ الواح شمسية‬teaspoon ‫ملعقة صغيرة‬ crash – crashed – crashed ‫يتحطم‬

83
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
bricks ‫ طوب‬stingray ‫ سمكة الراي الالدغة‬creak – creaked – creaked ‫يزيق‬
oven ‫فرن‬ sea turtle ‫سلحفاة بحرية‬ cross – crossed – crossed ‫يعبر – يشطب‬
bedroom ‫حجرة نوم‬ whale ‫حوت‬ cry – cried – cried ‫يصرخ – يبكي‬
electric car ‫ سيارة كهربائية‬ocean ‫محيط‬ cut – cut – cut ‫يقطع‬
driverless cars ‫سيارات بدون سائق‬ sting ‫ يلدغ‬dance – danced – danced ‫يرقص‬
culture ‫ثقافة‬ tail ‫ذيل‬ decide – decided – decided ‫يقرر‬
rectangular ‫علي شكل مستطيل‬ planet ‫ كوكب‬die – died – died ‫يموت‬
warm ‫دافئ‬ environment ‫ بيئة‬dig – dug – dug ‫يحفر‬
divide ‫يقسم‬ recycle ‫بعيد تصنيع‬ dirty – dirtied – dirtied ‫يوسخ‬
coral reefs ‫ شعاب مرجانية‬dirty ‫ قذر‬divide – divided – divided ‫يقسم‬
octopus ‫اخطبوط‬ view ‫منظر طبيعي‬ do – did – done ‫يفعل‬
jellyfish ‫قنديل بحر‬ plastic pot ‫ اناء بالستيك‬down – downed – downed ‫ينزل‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

phone call ‫ مكالمة هاتفية‬businesswoman ‫ سيدة اعمال‬draw – drew – drawn ‫يرسم – يسحب‬
radio station ‫محطة اذاعة‬ scientist ‫عالم‬ dream – dreamt – dreamt ‫يحلم‬
gloves ‫قفازات‬ photographer ‫ مصور‬drink – drank – drunk ‫يشرب‬
nature reserve ‫محمية طبيعية‬ engines ‫محركات‬ drive – drove – driven ‫يقود‬
frighten ‫ يخيف‬/ ‫ يرعب‬buildings ‫ مباني‬drop – dropped – dropped ‫يسقط‬
rules ‫قواعد‬ sick ‫مريض‬ dry – dried – dried ‫يجفف‬
soil ‫تربة‬ marine biologist ‫عالم احياء مائية‬ eat – ate –eaten ‫ياكل‬
local ‫ محلي‬test ‫ اختبار‬end – ended – ended ‫ينتهي‬
clear ‫ صافي‬/ ‫واضح‬ africa ‫قارة افريقيا‬ enjoy – enjoyed – enjoyed ‫يتمتع‬
accountant ‫ محاسب‬workshops ‫ ورش‬excite – excited – excited ‫يثير‬
architect ‫مهندس معماري‬ kenya ‫ دولة كينيا‬exclaim – exclaimed – exclaimed ‫يهتف‬
businessman ‫رجل اعمال‬ earn ) ‫ يكسب ( اموال‬excuse – excused – excused ‫يعتذر‬

84
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
prediction ‫ تنبؤ‬basket ‫سلة‬ Fall – fell – fallen ‫يقع‬
‫مبرمج كمبيوتر‬
computer programmer
ghana ‫دولة غانا‬ Favour – favoured – favoured ‫يؤيد‬
writer ‫كاتب‬ illness ‫ مرض‬Fear – feared – feared ‫يخاف‬
engineer ‫ مهندس‬cure ‫عالج‬ Feed – fed – fed ‫يطعم‬
machines ‫االت‬ exciting ‫مثير‬ Feel – felt – felt ‫يشعر‬
meetings ‫اجتماعات‬ headphones ‫ سماعات االذن‬Ferry – ferried – ferried ‫يعبر بالمعدية‬
students ‫طالب‬ invention ‫ اختراع‬Fight – fought – fought ‫يحارب‬
‫ الكمبيوتر‬/ ‫تطبيق علي الهاتف المحمول‬
design ‫يصمم‬ app
Fill – filled – filled ‫يمال‬
laboratory ‫معمل‬ motorbike ‫دراجة بخارية‬ Find – found – found ‫يجد‬
traditional ‫تقليدي‬ helicopter ) ‫طائرة مروحية ( هليوكوبتر‬ Finish – finished – finished ‫ينهي‬
jewelry ‫مجوهرات‬ addicted ‫مدمن‬ Fish – fished – fished ‫يصطاد‬
colorful ‫ملون‬ horrible ‫ شنيع‬/ ‫رهيب‬ Fly – flew – flown ‫يطير‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

headache ‫صداع‬ debate ‫ جدال‬/ ‫مناظرة‬ fold – folded – folded ‫يطوي‬
dangers ‫ مخاطر‬health ‫ صحة‬follow – followed – followed ‫يتبع‬
screen ‫ شاشة‬order ‫ يطلب – طلب‬/ ‫يامر‬ forget – forgot – forgotten ‫ينسي‬
hearing ‫حاسة السمع‬ Snack ‫وجبة خفيفة‬ forward – forwarded – forwarded ‫يرسل‬
solar panels ‫ الواح شمسية‬Spicy ) ‫متبل (كثير التوابل‬ frighten – frightened – frightened ‫يخيف‬
translate ‫يترجم‬ Juicy ‫ ملئ بالعصير‬get – got – gotten ‫يحصل – ينال‬
speed ‫سرعة‬ Sweet ‫حلو المذاق‬ get up - got up - gotten up ‫ينهض‬
delivery ) ‫ للمكاتب‬, ‫خدمة توصيل( للمنازل‬ ‫منتجات البان‬
dairy products give – gave – given ‫يعطي‬
businesses ‫مشاريع او اعمال تجارية‬ protein ‫ بروتين‬go – went – gone ‫يذهب‬
social media ‫وسائل التواصل االجتماعي‬ bones ‫ عظام‬govern – governed – governed ‫يحكم‬
lever ‫ ذراع تشغيل‬/‫ مقبض‬/ ‫رافعة‬ unusual ‫ غير مالوف‬/ ‫ غريب‬grow – grow – grown ‫يزرع – ينمو‬
explore ‫ يستكشف‬smell ‫ يشم – رائحة‬guard – guarded – guarded ‫يحرص‬

85
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
diet ‫نظام غذائي‬ fresh ‫ طازج‬happen – happened – happened ‫يحدث‬
balanced ‫ متوازن‬taste ‫ مذاق‬/ ‫ تذوق – طعم‬head – headed – headed ‫يتصدر‬
advice ‫نصيحة‬ conclusion ‫خاتمة‬ hear – heard – heard ‫يسمع‬
reason ‫ مبرر‬/ ‫سبب‬ conclude ‫ يستنتج‬/ ‫ يختم‬help – helped – helped ‫يساعد‬
relax ‫يسترخي‬ pepper ‫ فلفل‬hide – hid – didden ‫يختبيء – يخفي‬
salty ‫مالح‬ spinach ‫سبانخ‬ hit – hit – hit ‫يضرب‬
energy ‫ طاقة‬sweet potato ‫بطاطا‬ hold – held – held ‫يمسك‬
allergic ‫لدية حساسية‬ scenery ‫منظر طبيعي –خلفية المسرح‬ hope – hoped – hoped ‫يامل‬
fast food ‫وجبات سريعة‬ script ) ‫نص سيناريو ( فيلم او مسرحية‬ hurry – hurried – hurried ‫يسرع‬
recipe ) ‫وصفة ( طهي‬ costumes ‫ازياء المناسبات الخاصة‬ hurt – hurt – hurt ‫يؤذي – يؤلم‬
sense ‫حاسة‬ make- up )‫ المكياج (فن التجميل‬imagine – imagine – imagined ‫يتخيل‬
instructions ‫ تعليمات‬show ‫ عرض‬/ ‫ يعرض‬included – included – included ‫يشمل‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

acting ‫التمثيل‬ review ‫مقال نقدي‬ introduce – introduced – introduced ‫يقدم‬
musical instruments ‫االت موسيقية‬ pottery ‫صناعة االواني الفخارية‬ invent – invented – invented ‫يخترع‬

cool ‫رائع‬ portrait ‫صورة شخصية مرسومة‬ invite – invited – invited ‫يدعو‬
cartoons ‫رسوم متحركة‬ wonder ‫يتعجب – يتسائل‬ irrigate – irrigated – irrigated ‫يروي‬
orchestra ‫ فرقة موسيقية‬hide ‫ يختبيء‬join – joined – joined ‫يربط‬
musician ‫موسيقار‬ hug ‫ يحضن – يحتضن‬jump – jumped – jumped ‫يقفز‬
radio reporter ‫مراسل اذاعي‬ blind ‫اعمي – كفيف‬ keep – kept – kept ‫يحافظ‬
theme park ‫مدينة مالهي‬ disabled ‫عاجز – لدية اعاقة‬ kick –kicked – kicked ‫يركل‬
century ) ‫ سنة‬100 ( ‫قرن‬ concert ‫حفلة موسيقية‬ kill – killed – killed ‫يقتل‬
view ‫ وجهة نظر‬/‫راي‬ proud ‫ فخور‬know – knew – known ‫يعرف‬
sculpture ‫النحت – قطعة فنية منحوتة‬ invitation ‫دعوة‬ land – landed – landed ‫يهبط‬
recommend ‫يزكي – يوصي بـ‬ request ‫طلب‬ last – lasted – lasted ‫يدوم‬

86
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
offer ‫ يعرض – عرض‬age ‫ سن‬/ ‫عمر‬ laugh – laughed – laughed ‫يضحك‬
escape ‫ يهرب‬style ‫طراز – اسلوب‬ lay – laid – laid ‫يضع‬
deaf ‫ اصم‬describe ‫ يصف‬learn – learnt – learnt ‫يتعلم‬
braille ‫ طريقة برايل للمكفوفين‬borrow ‫ يستعير‬leave – left – left ‫يترك‬
action ) ‫حدث (في فيلم او رواية‬ special occasion ‫مناسبة خاصة‬ let – let – let ‫يسمح – يدع‬
adventure film ‫فيلم مغامرات‬ environment ‫ البيئة‬lie – lied – lied ‫يكذب‬
star ‫ ممثل مشهور‬/ ‫نجم‬ crops ) ‫محاصيل ( زراعية‬ lie – lay – lain ‫يتمدد – يرقد‬
reviewer ‫ناقد ادبي‬ luxury ‫ فخم‬/ ‫رفاهية – فاخر‬ lift – lifted – lifted ‫يرفع‬
invite ‫يدعو‬ chest of drawers ‫خزانة ذات ادراج‬ light – lit – lit ‫يضيء – يشعل‬
loose ‫واسع – فضفاض‬ price ‫ سعر‬like – liked – liked ‫يحب‬
description ‫وصف‬ changing room ‫حجرة تغيير المالبس‬ listen – listened – listened ‫ينصت‬
size ‫ حجم – مقياس‬fit ‫ يالئم – يناسب‬live – lived – lived ‫يعيش – يقيم‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

try ) ‫يقيس ( مالبس‬ shopkeeper ‫بائع في محل‬ lock – locked – locked ‫يقفل‬
striped ‫ مخطط‬pretty ‫جميل‬ look – looked – looked ‫ينظر‬
climate ‫ مناخ‬useful ‫مفيد‬ lose – lost – lost ‫يفقد‬
traditional ‫تقليدي‬ wildlife ‫الحياة البرية‬ love – loved – loved ‫يحب‬
casual ) ‫غير رسمي ( مالبس‬ solar panels ‫الواح الطاقة الشمسية‬ make – made – made ‫يصنع‬
colourful ‫ ملون‬install ‫يثبت – يركب‬ marry – married – married ‫يتزوج‬
smart ‫ مهندم – ذكي‬/ ‫انيق‬ reduce ‫يقلل – ينقض‬ match – matched – matched ‫ينافس – يالئم‬
industry ‫صناعة‬ repair ‫يصلح‬ mean – meant – meant ‫يعني‬
perfect ‫مثالي – كامل‬ wind turbine ‫توربينات الرياح‬ measure – measured – measured ‫يقيس‬
pick ‫ يقطف‬reuse ‫يعيد استخدام‬ meet – met – met ‫يقابل‬
soft ‫ناعم‬ equipment ‫معدات‬ melt – melted – melted ‫يذيب‬
customer ‫زبون‬ melt ‫ يذوب – ينصهر‬mend – mended – mended ‫يصلح‬

87
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
drought ‫ جفاف‬save ‫يحافظ علي – ينقد‬ milk – milked – milked ‫يحلب‬
remote control ‫نظام التحكم عن بعد‬ pollution ‫ التلوث‬mind – minded –minded ‫يالحظ – يعني بـ‬
drone ‫طائرة بال طيار يمكن التحكم بها عن بعد‬
flood ‫فيضان‬ miss – missed – missed ‫يخطيء – يفتقد‬
conservation ‫حفاظ – حماية‬ safe ‫امن‬ mix – mixed – mixed ‫يخلط‬
suitable ‫مالئم – مناسب‬ intentions ‫ نوايا‬move – moved – moved ‫يتحرك‬
chemicals ‫مواد كيميائية‬ storm ‫ عاصفة‬name – named – named ‫يسمي‬
trip ‫رحلة قصيرة‬ happen ‫ يحدث‬need – needed – needed ‫يحتاج‬
forest ‫غابة‬ solution ‫ حل‬open – opened – opened ‫يفتح‬
filter ‫مرشح – مصفاة‬ hunter ‫ صياد‬order –ordered – ordered ‫يامر‬
scary ‫ مخيف‬system ‫نظام‬ own – owned – owned ‫يملك‬
rock climbing ‫تسلق الصخور‬ bacteria ‫ بكتيريا‬pack – packed – packed ‫يحزم‬
coral reefs ‫الشعاب المرجانية‬ green system ‫نظام مالئم للبيئة‬ paint – painted – painted ‫يدهن‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

invent ‫ يخترع‬choose ‫يختار‬ pass – passed –passed ‫يمر‬
volunteer ‫ متطوع‬explain ‫ يشرح‬pay – paid – paid ‫يدفع‬
land ‫اليابس‬ experiment ‫تجربة علمية‬ phone – phoned – phoned ‫يهاتف‬
suitcase ‫حقيبة‬ laboratory ‫معمل‬ pinch – pinched – pinched ‫يقرص‬
snorkel ‫يغطس بانبوب التنفس‬ body language ‫لغة الجسد‬ plan – planned – planned ‫يخطط‬
minutes ‫دقائق‬ eye contact ) ‫التواصل البصري ( بالعين‬ play – played – played ‫يلعب – يعزف‬
‫ركوب منطاد الهواء الساخن‬ ‫تعبيرات الوجه‬
hot-air ballooning facial expressions please – pleased – pleased ‫يرضي‬
bungee jumping ‫القفز من مكان‬ voice ) ‫صوت (بشري‬ point – pointed – pointed ‫يشير‬
) ‫عالي ( مربوطا بالحبال‬
sandboarding ‫التزحلق علي الرمال‬ future plans ‫خطط مستقبلية‬ post – posted – posted ‫يرسل بالبريد‬
learner ‫متعلم – دارس‬ disappointed ‫ محبط‬pour – poured – poured ‫يصب – يسكب‬
mostly ‫في االغلب – عموما‬ proud ‫ فخور‬pray – prayed – prayed ‫يصلي‬
repair = fix ‫يصلح‬ summarise ‫ يلخص‬prefer – preferred – preferred ‫يفضل‬

88
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
pass ‫ يجتاز – ينجح في‬plan ‫ خطة‬/ ‫يخطط‬ prepare – prepared – prepared ‫ يعد‬- ‫يجهز‬
achieve ‫يحقق – ينجز‬ manage ‫ يدير – ينظم‬pretend – pretended – pretended ‫يتظاهر‬
dream ‫ حلم‬/ ‫يحلم‬ timetable ‫ جدول مواعيد‬pull – pulled – pulled ‫يسحب – يجر‬
expert ‫ خبير‬alone ‫ وحيد – بمفردة‬push – pushed – pushed ‫يدفع الي االمام‬
dialect ‫لغة محلية – لهجة‬ check ‫يتاكد – يتحقق – يراجع‬ put – put – put ‫يضع‬

national ‫محلي – قومي‬ identity ‫ هوية‬question – questioned – questioned ‫يسال‬

advantages ‫مميزات‬ connect ‫يربط – يصل‬ rain – rained – rained ‫تمطر‬
sound )‫صوت ( شيء‬ community ‫مجتمع‬ reach – reached – reached ‫يصل‬
copy ‫ ينسخ – يقلد‬international ‫ دولي – عالمي‬read – read – read ‫يقرا‬
communicate ‫يتواصل‬ broken ‫ مكسور‬realize – realized – realized ‫يدرك‬
multilingual ‫متعدد اللغات‬ connented ‫ متصل‬remember – remembered – remembered ‫يتذكر‬
improve ‫يحسن – يتحسن‬ organized ‫منظم‬ reply – replied – replied ‫يجيب‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

summer school ‫مدرسة صيفية‬ orangutan ‫انسان الغابة‬ report – reported – reported ‫يبلغ‬
summer courses ‫ مقررات‬palm oil ‫زيت النخيل‬ reward – rewarded – rewarded ‫يكافيء‬
‫تدريبية صيفية‬
volunteer ‫ متطوع‬appearance ‫مظهر‬ ride – rode – ridden ‫يركب‬
coastal ‫ساحلي‬ publish ‫ ينشر‬right – righted – righted ‫يصحح‬
grassland ‫ارض عشبية – مرمي‬ personification ‫ تجسيد‬-‫تشخيص‬ roll – rolled – rolled ‫يلف – يتدحرج‬
rainforests ‫ غابات مطيرة‬photographer ‫ مصور‬round – rounded – rounded ‫يدور‬
turtles ‫سالحف بحرية‬ newsagent ‫ بائع الصحف‬row – rowed – rowed ‫يجدف – يتشاجر‬
oases ‫واحات‬ explain ‫ يفسر‬/ ‫يشرح‬ run – ran – run ‫يجري‬
protect ‫ يحمي‬understand ‫يفهم‬ sail – sailed – sailed ‫يبحر‬
continue ‫ يستمر‬directions ‫اتجاهات‬ save – saved – saved ‫ينقذ‬
deforestation ) ‫ازالة الغابات (التصحير‬ fur ‫فرو الحيوان‬ save – saved – saved ‫يدخر‬
endangered ‫ معرض للخطر‬species ‫ انواع‬/ ‫فصائل‬ saw – sawed – sawed ‫ينشر الخشب‬

89
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
Africa ‫افريقيا‬ cause ‫ سبب‬say – said – said ‫يقول‬
fight ‫ يتشاجر‬fill ‫يمال‬ score – scored – scored ‫يسجل‬
mainly ‫ بشكل رئيسي‬dark ‫ داكن اللون‬see – saw – seen ‫يري‬
forests ‫غابات‬ result ‫نتيجة‬ seem – seemed – seemed ‫يبدو‬
frogs ‫ضفادع‬ empty ‫ يفرغ‬sell – sold – sold ‫يبيع‬
lizards ‫سحالي‬ pass ‫ يجتاز‬/ ‫ يمر‬send – sent – sent ‫يرسل‬
habitat ‫بيئة طبيعية – موطن‬ keep ‫يستمر‬ set – set – set ‫تغرب – يضبط‬
lifestyle ‫اسلوب حياة‬ breathe in ‫ يستنشق‬sew – sewed – sewed ‫يخيط‬
regularly ‫بانتظام‬ below ‫ اسفل‬shake – shook – shaken ‫يصافح‬
mountains ‫ جبال‬fail ‫يفشل‬ shine –shined – shined ‫يلمع‬
furniture ‫اثاث المنزل‬ stop ‫ يتوقف‬shoot – shot – shot ‫يطلق النار‬
bright ‫ فاتح اللون‬breathe out ‫ يخرج زفير‬shout – shouted – shouted ‫يصرخ‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

above ‫اعلي‬ keep .. clean ‫ نظيف‬.. ‫يحافظ علي‬ show – showed – shown ‫يعرض – يظهر‬
find out ‫يكتشف‬ type of ‫نوع من‬ sign – signed – signed ‫يوقع – يمضي‬
get worse ‫يزداد سوء‬ connected to ‫ مرتبط بـ‬/ ‫متصل‬ sing – sang – sung ‫يغني‬
get hotter ‫يزداد حرارة‬ bad for ‫سيئ لـ‬ sit – sat – sat ‫يجلس‬
reason for ‫ مبرر لـ‬/ ‫سبب لـ‬ that's why ‫لهذا السبب‬ sleep – slept – slept ‫ينام‬
take turns ‫يتبادل االدوار‬ move to ‫ ينتقل الي‬smell – smelt – smelt ‫يشم‬
throw away ‫ يلقي‬/ ‫يرمي‬ according to ‫ وفقا لـ‬/ ‫طبقا لـ‬ smile – smiled – smiled ‫يبتسم‬
make into ‫يحول الي‬ agree with ‫ يتفق مع شخص‬smoke – smoked – smoked ‫يدخن‬
forms of ‫اشكال لـ‬ give a speech ‫يلقي خطاب‬ sow – sowed –sown ‫يبذر – يزرع‬
decide to ‫يقرر ان‬ lower ‫اكثر انخفاضا‬ speak – spoke – spoken ‫يتكلم‬
cut down trees ‫يقطع االشجار‬ easy ‫ سهل‬spend – spent – spent ‫يقضي – يصرف‬
slow down ‫يبطئ‬ remote ‫بعيد‬ splash – splashed – splashed ‫يرش‬

90
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
ugly ‫ قبيح‬in my opinion ‫ في رايي‬stand – stood – stood ‫يقف‬
higher ‫ اكثر ارتفاعا‬protect from ‫ يحمي من‬start – started – started ‫يبدا‬
complicated ‫معقد‬ come out ‫يغمر‬ stay – stayed – stayed ‫يقيم – يمكث‬
near ‫قريب‬ far away from ‫بعيدا عن‬ stick – stuck – stuck ‫يلصق‬
beautiful ‫جميل‬ (be) used for ‫ يستخدم في‬stop – stopped – stopped ‫ يمنع‬- ‫يتوقف‬
turn of ‫ يفصل‬/ ‫يغلق‬ set up ‫ ينشىء‬/ ‫ يؤسس‬study – studied – studied ‫يدرس‬
give up ‫يتوقف عن – يستسلم‬ do a survey on ‫يقوم بدراسة علي‬ swim – swam – swum ‫يسبح‬
along coast ‫ بامتداد الساحل‬worried about ‫قلق بشان‬ take – took – taken ‫ياخذ‬
move to ‫ ينتقل الي‬plan to ‫ يخطط لـ‬talk – talked – talked ‫يتحدث‬
think about ‫ يفكر في‬space station ‫محطة فضائية‬ taste – tasted – tasted ‫يتذوق‬
the whole world ‫العالم بأكمله‬ telescope ‫تليسكوب‬ teach – teach – taught ‫يعلم‬
write up ‫ يكتب بالتفصيل‬comet ‫مذنب‬ tell – told – told ‫يخبر‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

space shuttle ‫مكوك فضائي‬ research ‫بحث‬ thank – thanked – thanked ‫يشكر‬
disability ‫عدم القدرة العجز‬ directions ‫اتجاهات‬ think – thought – thought ‫يظن‬
orbit ‫يدور حول‬ wireless ‫هوائي بدون سلك‬ throw – threw – thrown ‫يرمي‬
satellite ‫ قمر صناعي‬mars ‫كوكب المريخ‬ tick – ticked – ticked ‫يتكتك – يؤشر‬
weather ‫طقس‬ organise ‫ ينظم‬tie – tied – tied ‫يربط‬
allow ‫يسمح‬ solar system ‫المجموعة الشمسية‬ touch – touched – touch ‫يلمس‬
helmet ‫ خوذه‬lenses ‫عدسات‬ trace – traced – traced ‫يتتبع‬
harbour ‫ مرفا‬/ ‫ميناء‬ astronomer ‫عالم فلك‬ travel – travelled – travelled ‫يسافر‬
literature ‫ االدب‬improve ‫يحسن‬ try – tried – tried ‫يحاول‬
newspapers ‫ جرائد‬publish ‫ينشر‬ turn – turned – turned ‫يدير – يحرك‬
communication ‫اتصال‬ signal ‫ اشارة‬use – used – used ‫يستخدم‬
explore ‫يستكشف‬ receiver ‫جهاز استقبال‬ visit – visited – visited ‫يزور‬

91
 ‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬
mountains ‫ جبال‬useful ‫ مفيد‬wait – waited – waited ‫ينتظر‬
squeak ‫يصرخ‬ specified ‫ معين‬/ ‫ محدد‬wake – woke – woken ‫يوقظ‬
fork ‫ مفترك طرق‬/ ‫شوكة‬ popular ‫ محبوب‬/‫ شائع‬walk – walked – walked ‫يمشي‬
old- fashioned ‫ موضة قديمة‬ancient ‫قديم جدا‬ want – wanted – want ‫يريد‬
astronaut ‫رائد فضاء‬ alive ‫ حي‬/ ‫ علي قيد الحياة‬wash – washed – washed ‫يغسل‬
planetarium ‫ القبة السماوية‬useful ‫ مفيد‬watch – watched – watched ‫يشاهد‬
headache ‫صداع‬ without ‫بدون‬ water – watered – watered ‫يروي – يسقي‬
drawer ‫ درج‬alive ‫ علي قيد الحياة‬wear – wore – worn ‫يرتدي‬
carefully ‫بحرص‬ stronger ‫اقوي‬ weigh – weighed – weighed ‫يزن‬
surface ‫سطح‬ useless ‫غير مفيد‬ welcome – welcomed – welcomed ‫يرحب‬
prepare ‫ يعد‬/ ‫يجهز‬ with ‫ مع‬/ ‫بـ‬ will – willed – willed ‫يرغب‬
allow ‫يسمح‬ dead ‫ميت‬ win – won – won ‫يفوز‬

‫كلمات عامة‬ ‫افعال وتصريفاتها‬

weaker ‫اضعف‬ donate ‫ يتبرع‬wink – winked – winked ‫يغمز بعينة‬
local ‫ محلي‬article ‫مقال‬ wonder – wondered – wondered ‫يتعجب‬
warning ‫تحذير‬ pipe ‫ ماسورة‬work – worked – worked ‫يعمل‬
leather ‫جلد‬ fix ‫يصلح‬ write – wrote – written ‫يكتب‬
interesting ‫شيق‬ necklace ‫عقد‬ wrong – wronged – wronged ‫يظلم‬
football tournament ‫دوري كرة القدم‬ explain ‫ يشرح‬Buy – bought – bought ‫يشتري‬
recycling ‫ اعادة التدوير‬tourism ‫سياحة‬ Read – read – read ‫يقرا‬
government ‫حكومة‬ discuss ‫ يناقش‬Run – ran – run ‫يجري‬
newspaper ‫ جريدة‬apartment ‫ شقة سكنية‬Come – came – come ‫ياتي‬
apparently ‫ بوضوح‬teenagers ‫مراهقين‬ Travel – travelled – travelled ‫يسافر‬
nature reserve ‫محمية طبيعية‬ climbers ‫متسلقين جبال‬ Study – studied – studied ‫يذاكر‬
wooden ‫خشبي‬ description ‫ وصف‬Succeed – succeeded – succeeded ‫ينجح‬

92
 make
make a discovery ‫يكشف‬ make a decision ‫يقرر‬ make a call ‫يجري اتصاال‬
make parts ‫يصنع اجزاء‬ make a prediction ‫يتنبا‬ make a trip ‫يقوم برحلة‬
make a journey ‫يقوم برحلة‬ make a plan ‫يخطط‬ make offers ‫يقدم عروض‬
make a suggestion ‫يقترح‬ make friends ‫يعمل صداقات‬ make a noise ‫يسبب ضوضاء‬
make a promise ‫يوعد‬ make a mistake ‫يخطي‬ make a comment ‫يعلق‬
make a difference ‫يحدث اختالفا‬ make use of ‫يستغل‬ make a journey ‫يقوم برحلة‬
make progress ‫يحقق تقدما‬ make changes ‫يحدث تغيرات‬ make notes ‫يدون مالحظات‬
make a trap ‫ينصب كمين او فح‬ make allowance for ‫يلتمس العذر‬ make money ‫ يجني المال‬/ ‫يربح‬
make arrangements ‫يقوم بترتيبات‬ make pollution ‫يسبب تلوث‬ make sense ‫يعطي معني‬
make fun of ‫يسخر من‬ make an attempt ‫يحاول‬ make a mess ‫يقوم بـ فوضي‬
make a speech ‫يلقي خطاب‬ make a complaint ‫يقدم شكوي‬ make an effort ‫يبذل مجهود‬
make a fortune ‫يكون ثروة‬ make an excuse ‫يقدم عذر‬ make a loss ‫يحقق خسارة‬
make a success ‫يجرز نجاحا‬ make an exception ‫يستثني‬ make a low ‫يسن قانون‬

do
do re search ‫يقوم ببحث علمي‬ do a favour ‫ يصنع معروفا‬do censes ‫يقوم بعمل احصاء‬
do homework ‫يعمل الواجب‬ do the shopping ‫ يتسوق‬do a project ‫يقوم بمشروع‬
do exercise ‫يقوم بتدريب‬ do his best ‫ يبذل قصاري جهده‬do damage ‫يتلف يسبب دمار‬
do work ‫يقوم بعمل‬ do a quiz ‫ يقوم بعمل مسابقة‬do exam ‫يؤدي امتحان‬
do a job ‫يقوم بوظيفة‬ do a course ‫ يدرس مقرر‬do something ‫يفعل شئ ما‬
do repairs ‫يقوم باصالحات‬ do better ‫ يتحسن‬do wrong ‫يخطا‬
do an operation ‫يجري عملية‬ do a report on ‫ يعطي تقرير عن‬do without ‫يستغني عن‬
do a survey ‫يجري استطالع‬ do business ‫يقوم باعمال تجارية‬ do an experiment ‫يقوم بتجربة‬
do the ironing ******** ‫يقوم‬ do good ‫ يفعل خيرا‬do your duty ‫تقوم بواجبك‬
do the washing up ‫يقوم بغسل االطباق‬ do evil ‫ يفعل شر‬do post graduate ‫يكمل دراسات‬
studies ‫علية‬
do accounts ‫يقوم بعمل الحسابات‬ do homework ‫ يعمل الواجب‬do revision ‫يقوم بالمراجعة‬

take
take off ‫ ياخذ اجازة‬/ ‫ تقلع‬/ ‫ يخلع‬take care of ‫يعتني بـ‬ take in ‫ يخدع‬/ ‫يمتص‬
take after ‫ يشبة‬take part ‫يشارك‬ take over ‫ مهمة‬/ ‫يتولي المسئولية‬

take away ‫ ياخذ بعيدا‬take place ‫يحدث‬ take on ‫يتولي مسئولية‬

take up ‫ منصب‬/ *** ‫يشغل‬ take to ‫يعتاد علي‬ take the place of ‫يحل محل‬

look
look for ‫ يبحث عن‬look at ‫ ينظر الي‬look forward to ‫يتطلع الي‬
look after ‫ يعتني بـ‬look into ‫ بمعني النظر في‬look up ‫يبحث عن كلمة في‬
‫قاموس‬
look like ‫ يشبه‬look out ‫ يحترس‬look up to ‫يحترم‬

work
work as ‫ يعمل كـ‬work for ‫ يعمل لـ شركة او شخص‬work with ‫يعمل مع‬
work in / at ‫ يعمل في‬work out ‫ يحل ( مسالة ) يستنبط‬work on ‫ يطور‬/ ‫يحسن‬

go
go back ‫ يرجع‬/ ‫ يعود‬go off ‫ ينفجر‬/ ‫ ينطلق‬go down ‫ ينزل‬/ ‫ينخفض‬
go on ‫ يستمر‬go out ‫ ينطفي‬/ ‫ يخرج‬go with ‫ينسجم مع‬

93
‫‪go up‬‬ ‫يرتفع ‪ /‬يزداد‬ ‫‪go away‬‬ ‫يبتعد ‪ /‬يغادر‬ ‫‪Go over‬‬ ‫يراجع ‪/‬يفحص‬
‫شيء ما‬
‫‪catch‬‬
‫‪catch a ball‬‬ ‫‪ catch a criminal‬يمسك الكرة‬ ‫‪ catch flu‬يقبض علي‬ ‫يصاب باألنفلونزا‬
‫المجرم‬
‫‪catch a bus‬‬ ‫‪ catch a disease‬يلحق االتوبيس‬ ‫‪ catch a flight‬يصاب بمرض‬ ‫يلحق الطائرة‬
‫‪catch a train‬‬ ‫‪ catch a cold‬يلحق القطار‬ ‫‪ catch fire‬يصاب بالبرد‬ ‫يشتعل‬
‫‪get‬‬
‫‪get away‬‬ ‫‪ get out‬يهرب ‪ /‬يبتعد‬ ‫يخرج ‪ /‬ينزل‬ ‫‪get to= arrive at‬‬ ‫يصل الي‬
‫‪get around‬‬ ‫‪ get over‬يتجول ‪ /‬يسافر‬ ‫يتغلب علي‪/‬‬ ‫‪get on well with‬‬ ‫ينسجم مع‬
‫يشفي من‬
‫‪get back‬‬ ‫‪ get up‬يعيد ‪ /‬يرجع‬ ‫يستيقظ‬ ‫‪get rid of‬‬ ‫يتخلص من‬
‫‪get through‬‬ ‫‪ get into‬ينجز ‪ /‬يجتاز‬ ‫يدخل في‪/‬‬ ‫‪get along with‬‬ ‫ينسجم مع‬
‫يلتحق ب‬
‫‪Get into/out of‬‬ ‫‪ get on/ off‬يركب ‪/‬ينزل من‬ ‫يركب‪/‬ينزل من اتوبيس ‪/‬طائرة(يمكن الوقوف بها‬
‫تاكسي السيارة‬

‫‪lose‬‬
‫‪lose a match‬‬ ‫‪ lose a race‬يضيع مباراة‬ ‫‪ lose a ball‬يضيع السباق‬ ‫يضيع الكرة‬
‫‪lose his life‬‬ ‫‪ lose weight‬يفقد حياته‬ ‫يفقد وزن يخس‬ ‫‪lose a criminal‬‬ ‫يفلت المجرم‬
‫‪lose his mind‬‬ ‫‪ lose job‬يفقد عقله‬ ‫‪ lose money‬يفقد وظيفة‬ ‫يخسر ماال‬

‫‪miss‬‬
‫‪Miss a ball‬‬ ‫‪ Miss a match‬يضيع الكرة‬ ‫‪ Miss a person‬يضيع المباراة‬ ‫يفتقد شخص‬
‫‪Miss a bus‬‬ ‫‪ Miss a train‬يفوته االتوبيس‬ ‫‪ Miss a flight‬يفوته القطار‬ ‫ال يلحق بالطائرة‬
‫‪Miss a record‬‬ ‫يفشل بتحطيم رقم قياسي‬ ‫‪miss a chance‬‬ ‫‪ Miss a goal‬تفوته الفرصة‬ ‫يضيع هدف‬

‫‪keep‬‬
‫‪Keep on‬‬ ‫‪ Keep off‬يستمر في‬ ‫‪ Keep up with‬يمنع‪ /‬يبعد عن‬ ‫يساير‪ /‬يجاري‬
‫‪Keep out of‬‬ ‫‪ keep animals‬يبتعد عن‬ ‫‪ Keep in‬يربي حيوانات‬ ‫يحتجز‬

‫‪give‬‬
‫‪give up‬‬ ‫‪ give out‬يقع‪/‬يتوقف عن فعل‬ ‫‪ give away‬يوزع شيء ما‬ ‫يتخلى عن‪/‬يتبرع‪/‬‬
‫شيء‬ ‫يعطي شيء مجانا‬
‫‪give off‬‬ ‫‪ give back‬ينتج‪/‬يطابق‪/‬ينشر‬ ‫‪ give in‬يعيد‪ /‬يرجع‬ ‫يستسلم‪/‬يتنازل‬
‫‪break‬‬
‫‪break into/in‬‬ ‫‪ break out‬يقتحم مكان للسرقة‬ ‫يندلع‪/‬ينشب‬
‫‪break down‬‬ ‫‪ break up‬يتعطل ‪ /‬ينهار‬ ‫ينفصل‪/‬ينهي‬
‫عالقة‬

‫‪put‬‬
‫‪Put on‬‬ ‫‪ Put away‬يرتدي ‪ /‬يلبس‬ ‫‪ Put out‬يضع الشيء‬ ‫يطفئ ‪ /‬يخمد‬
‫في نكانه‪/‬يرتب‬
‫‪Put off‬‬ ‫‪ put up with‬يؤجل ‪ /‬يؤخر‬ ‫‪ Put by‬يتحمل‬ ‫يدخر ‪ /‬يوفر‬

‫‪come‬‬

‫‪Come on‬‬ ‫‪ Come round‬تقدم ‪ /‬استمر‬ ‫‪ Come up‬يستعيد الوعي‪/‬‬ ‫يتحدث ‪ /‬يناقش‬
‫يفيق‬

‫‪94‬‬
 run
run on ‫ تسير ب‬/ ‫ تدار ب‬run out ‫ يستهلك‬/ ‫ ينفذ‬run after ‫يطارد‬
run out of + ‫مفعول‬ ‫ ينفذ ما لدية‬run into /‫ يقابل بالصدفة‬run over ‫يدهس‬
‫يندهش‬
run away ‫ يهرب‬run in ‫يقبض علي‬
make
make up ‫يخترع‬/‫ يؤلف‬make of ) ‫يصنع من مادة (ال تتغير‬
make up for ‫ يعوض‬make from ) ‫يصنع من مادة (تتغير‬
make off ‫ يهرب‬make after ‫يطارد‬
set
set up ‫ يؤسس‬set off ‫ يبدا رحلة‬set aside / ‫ يميز‬/ ‫يرفض‬
set back ‫ يعيق‬/ ‫ يؤخر‬set down ‫ يدون‬/ ‫يسجل‬ ‫يدخر‬

fall
fall off ‫ يقل‬/‫ يقع من علي‬fall behind ‫ يتأخر‬fall in with ‫ ينضم ل‬/‫يوافق‬
fall apart ‫ يتفتت‬/ ‫ يتحطم‬fall in ‫ينهار‬
wear
wear away ‫يتأكل ويصبح اقل سمكا‬ wear on ‫ يمر ببط للوقت‬wear down ‫ يتغلب‬/ ‫يضعف‬
‫لكثرة االستخدام‬ ‫بالتدريج علي‬
wear out ‫يبني وال يصلح لالستخدام‬ wear off ‫يختفي او يزول اثرة بالتدريج‬

Verbs with prepositions

verb ‫المعني‬ verb ‫المعني‬ verb ‫المعني‬
accuse of ‫ يهتم ب‬die out ‫ينقرض‬ pay off ‫يسدد ديون‬
act up ‫يتصرف بشكل غير الئق‬ differ from ‫يختلف عن‬ persist on ‫يصر على‬
adapt/adjust to ‫ يتأقلم علي‬/‫يتكيف‬ discourage from ‫يعيق عن‬ pick out ‫يختار‬
agree to ‫يتفق ان‬ dispense with ‫يستغني عن‬ pick up ‫يرفع‬/‫يلتقط‬
agree with ‫يتفق مع شخص‬ distinguish with ‫يتميز ب‬ play for )‫يلعب لـ(نادي مثال‬
aim at ‫تهدف الي‬ divide/split into ‫تنقسم الي‬ point out ‫ يوضح‬/‫يشرح‬
apologiso for ‫يعتذر عن شيء سيء‬ draw up ‫يؤلف‬ prevent from ‫يمنع من‬
apologiso to ‫يعتذر لشخص‬ dream about \ of ‫يحلم ب‬ protoct from ‫يحمي من‬
apply for ‫يتقدم ل‬ drill into ‫يحفر في‬ provide.. with/for ‫ نمد لها‬/ ‫نوفر لها‬
attach\tie to ‫يربط ب‬ drop out ‫ يترك‬/‫ينسحب‬ pull up ‫يتوقف‬
attempt\try to ‫يحاول ان‬ drop out of ‫يتغيب عن‬ read out ‫يقرا بصوت عالي‬
believe in ‫يؤمن ب‬ drown out ‫يغطي علي صوت‬ refer to ‫يشير الى‬
belong to ‫ تنتمي ل‬/‫تخص‬ enable…………to ‫يمكن‬ reply to ‫يرد علي‬
benefit from ‫يستفيد من‬ encourage to ‫يشجع علي‬ respond to ‫يستجيب لـ‬
blame…………on ‫علي‬........‫يلقي لوم‬ exchange with ‫يستبدل مع‬ result from ‫ينتج عن‬
bring back ‫يعيد‬ export to ‫يصدر الي‬ result in ‫يؤدى الى‬
bring down ‫يقلل‬ fight against ‫يحارب ضد‬ revise for ‫يراجع لـ‬
bring out ‫ يبين‬/ ‫يظهر‬ fill with ‫يمال بــ‬ reward for ‫يكافئ على‬
bring up ‫يربي‬ find out ‫يكتشف عن‬/‫يعرف‬ run past ‫يجرى متجاوزا‬
Call \ urge for ‫ تطالب‬/ ‫تدعوا الي‬ focus on ‫ يركز علي‬save/rescue from ‫ينقذ من‬
Call back ‫يعاود االتصال‬ grow up ‫يترعرع‬/‫ يكبر‬search for ‫يبحث عن‬
Call off ‫يلغي‬ hack into ‫ يقرصن‬/‫ يخترق‬see off ‫يودع‬
Call on ‫يزور‬ hand in ‫ يسلم الي‬seek to ‫يسعي الي‬

95
care for ‫يعتني ب‬ hand out ‫يوزع‬ send away ‫يطرد‬
carry on ‫يستمر‬ hang up ‫ ينهي‬/‫يعلق مالبس‬ send out ‫يرسل في مهمة‬
‫مكالمة‬
carry out ‫ ينجز‬/‫ينفذ‬ hear from ‫يتلقى اخبار من‬ set off ‫ يبدأ رحلة‬/‫ينطلق‬
‫عمال‬
clear up ‫ يزيل‬/‫يحل‬ hear of\about ‫ يعرف عن‬/‫يسمع ب‬ set up ‫ يقيم‬/‫يؤسس‬
click on ‫ينقر علي‬ hold on ‫ينتظر علي التليفون‬ show off ‫ يتفاخر‬/‫يتباهي‬
communicate with ‫يتواصل مع‬ hold onto ‫يتشبيت ب‬ side with ‫ يؤيد‬/‫ينحاز الي‬
compete against ‫يتنافس ضد‬ import from ‫يستورد من‬ soak up ‫ يشرب‬/‫يمتص‬
concentrate on ‫يركز علي‬ inform of\ about ‫ يخبر عن‬/‫يبلغ‬ stand for ‫ يرمز الي‬/‫يمثل‬
congratulate on ‫يهنئ علي‬ insist on ‫يصر علي‬ stand out ‫يبرز‬
consist of ‫يتكون من‬ intrude on/into ‫ يتداخل‬/‫يتطفل علي‬ succeed in ‫ينجح في‬
‫في‬
contribute to ‫يساهم في‬ last for ‫يدوم لمدة‬ switch on/off ‫ يغلق جهازا‬/‫يشغل‬
cooperate with ‫يتعاون مع‬ laugh at ‫يسخر من‬ tear down ‫يدمر‬
cope with ‫ يساير‬/‫يواكب‬ lay of ‫يوقف عن العمل‬ think of\about ‫يفكر في‬
cover with ‫يغطي ب‬ lead to ‫يؤدي إلي‬ throw away ‫يتخلص من‬
crash/ bump into ‫يصطدم ب‬ lean on\against ‫ يستند‬/‫يتكئ علي‬ throw up ‫يتقيا‬
‫علي‬
cut down /‫ يخفف‬/‫يقلل‬ lose to ‫ امام‬/ ‫يخسر من‬ turn down ‫ يخفض‬/‫يرفض‬
‫يقطع‬ ‫صوت‬
cut off /‫يتوقف فجأة‬ mix with ‫يختلط ب‬ turn into/to ‫يتحول الي‬
‫يفصل‬
deliver to ‫يوصل الي‬ move to ‫ينتقل الي‬ turn on/ off ‫ يغلق جهازا‬/‫يشغل‬
depend on ‫يعتمد علي‬ object to ‫يعترض علي‬ turn over ‫ يسلم‬/‫يقلب صفحة‬
‫الي‬
deprive of ‫يحرم من‬ operate on ‫يجري عملية علي‬ turn up ‫ يرفع صوت‬/‫يظهر‬
devote to ‫يكرس ل‬ owe to ‫يدين ب ل‬ use up ‫ يستهلك‬/‫يستنفذ‬
die away ‫يتضاءل‬ pass away ‫يموت‬ warn of /about ‫يحذر من‬
Verbs with synonyms
Verb Verb
achieve / fulfill /accomplish ‫ يحقق‬/‫ينجز‬ collect/ gather ‫يجمع‬
act/ perform ‫ يتصرف‬/‫يؤدي‬ combine/mix ‫ يخلط‬/‫يمزح‬
administer manage irun ‫ يحكم‬/‫يدير‬ communicate/ contact ‫يتواصل‬
affect/ impact/ influence ‫يؤثر علي‬ concentrate / focus ‫يركز‬
alert/ warn ‫ يحذر‬/‫ينبه‬ consider/ regard ‫يعتبر‬
allow /permit / lot ‫يسمح‬ consist/ contain/ include ‫ يحتوي‬/‫يشمل‬
arrange/order/ organize ‫ ينظم‬/‫يرتب‬ convince / persuade ‫يقنع‬
arrive / reach ‫يصل‬ damage / harm / hurt ‫ يضر‬/‫يؤذي‬
ask / inquire/question ‫يسأل‬ deal with / treat ‫يتعامل مع‬
assume /suppose ‫يفترض‬ delay / put oft postpone ‫ يؤخر‬/‫يؤجل‬
assure /confirm/ ensure ‫يؤكد‬ depend on/ rely on / count on ‫يعتمد علي‬
attempt / try /seek ‫يحاول‬ deserve /worth / merit ‫يستحق‬
award /reward ‫يكافئ‬ desire wish / hope ‫ يتمني‬/‫يرغب‬
cancel / abolish ‫يلغي‬ develop /improve ‫ يحسن‬/‫يطور‬
change / alter adjust ‫ يبدل‬/‫يغير‬ differ/ vary ‫ يتنوع‬/ ‫يختلف‬
chase/ pursue/ track ‫ يتعقب‬/‫يطارد‬ display / show ‫يعرض‬

96
 synonyms & antonyms
Word meaning Synonym ‫المرادف‬ antonym ‫العكس‬
Unique ‫ فريده من نوعه‬/ ‫مميزا‬ ► exceptional normal / ordinary
tired ‫متعب‬ ► exhausted active / lively / fresh
sustainable ‫ مستدام‬/ ‫مستمر‬ ► continual / continuous temporary
scary ‫مخيف‬ ► frightening / terrifying normal / calming
►
safe ‫امن‬ secure insecure / risky
►
remote ‫بعيد‬ faraway near / close
►
relaxing ‫مريح‬ ►
comfortable noisy
reduce ‫يقلل‬ ► decrease increase
plump ‫ممتلئ الجسم‬ ► chubby thin
personal ‫شخصي‬ ► private / individual public / common
nearby ‫قريب‬ ► close far / faraway
natural ‫طبيعي‬ ► normal /ordinary abnormal
missing ‫مفقود‬ ► gone / absent present / found
miserable ‫بائس‬ ► unhappy / sad cheerful / happy
►
major ‫رئيسي‬ main minor
►
lucky ‫محظوظ‬ fortunate unlucky
►
long – term ‫طويل المدي‬ ►
lasting short - term
lock ‫يغلق‬ ► close / shut open
link ‫يتصل‬ ► join / connect detach / separate
limited ‫ محدود‬/ ‫محدد‬ ► restricted unrestricted
isolated ‫معزول‬ ► remote close / near
illegal ‫غير قانوني‬ ► unlawful legal / lawful
horrible ‫فظيع‬ ► unpleasant attractive
honest ‫امين‬ ► trustful dishonest
►
hate ‫يكره‬ dislike love
►
hard ‫شاق‬ tough soft / delicate
►
giant ‫عمالق‬ ►
massive / huge tiny / small
generous ‫كريم‬ ► open - handed miser / mean
furious ‫غاضب جدا‬ ► very angry calm / quiet
funny ‫مضحك‬ ► comical / humorous serious
free ‫مجاني‬ ► without charge / costless costly
fortunately ‫الحسن‬ ► luckily unfortunately
famous ‫مشهور‬ ► well unknown
disadvantages ‫عيوب‬ ► demerits / cons advantages / pros / merits
develop ‫يتطور‬ ► advance / flourish decline / decrease
►
culture ‫ثقافة‬ sophistication ignorance
►
cool ‫رائع‬ neat bad / uncool
►
control ‫يتحكم في‬ ►
administer / govern neglect / give up
connection ‫صلة‬ ► contact disconnection
connected ‫متصل‬ ► linked disconnected
busy ‫مزدحم‬ ► crowded empty
boring ‫ممل‬ ► dull exciting
benefits ‫فوائد‬ ► advantages disadvantages
ancient ‫قديم‬ ► old modern / new
advice ‫نصيحة‬ ► recommendation discouragement
►
active ‫نشيط‬ energetic inactive / idle
►
admit ‫يعترف‬ confess deny

97
 translation
economy ‫االقتصاد‬ terrorism ‫االرهاب‬ drugs ‫ مخدرات‬/ ‫عقاقير‬
tourism ‫السياحة‬ solve ‫يحل‬ policy ‫السياسة‬
industry ‫الصناعة‬ democracy ‫ديمقراطية‬ benefits ‫فوائد‬
trade ‫ يتاجر‬/ ‫التجارة‬ freedom ‫حرية‬ aim to / at ‫يهدف الي‬
culture ‫الثقافة‬ reduce ‫يقلل‬ reinforce ‫ يعزز‬/ ‫ يدعم‬/ ‫يقوي‬
agriculture ‫الزراعة‬ national income ‫الدخل القومي‬ consume ‫يستهلك‬
progress ‫التقدم‬ pollution ‫التلوث‬ manufacture ‫يصنع‬
invest ‫يستثمر‬ over population ‫الزيادة السكانية‬ housing ‫االسكان‬
investor ‫مستثمر‬ birth control ‫تنظيم النسل‬ migration ‫هجره‬
investment ‫االستثمار‬ stimulate ‫ يحث‬/ ‫ يحفز‬/ ‫ينشط‬ crime ‫الجريمة‬
prosperity ‫الرخاء‬ vital role ‫دور حيوي‬ safety ‫االمن‬
welfare ‫الرفاهية‬ hard currency ‫العملة الصعبة‬ loyalty ‫الوالء‬
flourish ‫يزدهر‬ backbone ‫عمود فقري‬ tolerance ‫التسامح‬
reform ‫اصالح‬ natural resources ‫موارد طبيعية‬ factors ‫عوامل‬
improve / develop ‫ يطور‬/ ‫يحسن‬ self – reliance ‫االعتماد علي الذات‬ shortage ‫نقص‬
development ‫التنمية‬ self – sufficiency ‫االكتفاء الذاتي‬ relations ‫عالقات‬
globalization ‫العولمة‬ self – control ‫ضبط النفس‬ attitude ‫ موقف‬/ ‫ اتجاه‬/ ‫سلوك‬
loyalty ‫انتماء‬ self – sacrifice ‫التضحية بالذات‬ eliminate ‫يقضي علي‬
legal ‫ قانوني‬/ ‫شرعي‬ revolution ‫ثورة‬ get rid of ‫يتخلص من‬
mass media ‫وسائل االعالم‬ destruction ‫ دمار‬/‫تخريب‬ book fair ‫معرض الكتاب‬
overcome ‫يتغلب علي‬ principles ‫مبادئ‬ illiteracy ‫األميه‬
issue ‫قضية‬ civilization ‫حضارة‬ immigration ‫الهجرة‬
protect from ‫يحمي من‬ equality ‫مساواة‬ national ‫ وطني‬/ ‫قومي‬
awareness ‫الوعي‬ set up ‫ يؤسس‬/ ‫ينشئ‬ field ‫مجال‬
unemployment ‫البطالة‬ disputes ‫ خالفات‬/ ‫نزاعات‬ owe ‫يدين‬
including ‫متضمنا‬ rights ‫حقوق‬ heritage ‫تراث‬
rationalize ‫ يقتصد‬/ ‫يرشد‬ project ‫مشروع‬ politician )‫سياسي (شخص‬
a source of ‫مصدر لـــــ‬ service ‫خدمة‬ politics ‫علم السياسة‬
hinder ‫ عائق‬/ ‫يعوق‬ shortage ‫ عجز‬/ ‫نقص‬ harness ‫ يستغل‬/ ‫يسخر‬
prevent ‫يمنع‬ society ‫مجتمع‬ pillars ‫ركائز‬
crisis ‫ازمة‬ education ‫التعليم‬ involve ‫ يتضمن‬/ ‫يشمل‬
seek to ‫يسعي الي‬ ignorance ‫الجهل‬ be aware of ‫علي وعي بــ‬
devote ‫ يتفرغ لــ‬/ ‫يكرس‬ charming ‫ جذاب‬/ ‫خالب‬ generation )‫ توليد (للطاقة‬/ ‫جيل‬
citizen ‫مواطن‬ efforts ‫جهود‬ ignore ‫يتجاهل‬
unite ‫يتحد‬ value ‫قيمة‬ national duty ‫واجب وطني‬
rate ‫معدل‬ contribute to ‫يساهم في‬ independence ‫االستقالل‬
job opportunities ‫فرص عمل‬ cooperation ‫التعاون‬ obstacles ‫عقبات‬
slogan ‫شعار‬ developing countries ‫الدول النامية‬ service ‫ يخدم‬/ ‫خدمة‬
slums ‫العشوائيات‬ impact ‫تأثير‬ conflict ‫صراع‬
spread ‫ ينتشر‬/ ‫انتشار‬ bullying ‫ التنمر‬/ ‫البلطجة‬ peace ‫السالم‬
renaissance ‫نهضة‬ procedures ‫اجراءات‬ honour ‫يكرم‬/ ‫شهامة‬/‫شرف‬
disaster ‫كارثة‬ motives ‫دوافع‬ homeless ‫متشرد‬
disastrous ‫ كارثي‬/ ‫مدمر‬ enrich ‫ يعزز‬/ ‫يثري‬ homelessness ‫التشرد‬
reclamation ‫استصالح‬ glory ‫المجد‬ influence ‫ تأثير‬/ ‫يؤثر‬
recycling ‫اعادة تصنيع‬ justice ‫العدالة‬ prevention ‫وقاية‬
organisation ‫ مؤسسة‬/ ‫منظمة‬ injustice ‫الظلم‬ knowledge ‫المعرفة‬
heritage ‫التراث‬ rights ‫حقوق‬ manners ‫ اخالق‬/ ‫سلوكيات‬

98