Module for General English

Written by
Dr. Syafryadin, S.Pd, M.Pd
Syafryadin@unib.ac.id

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

University of Bengkulu
2021

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 CHAPTER I
SELF INTRODUCTION

How to Introduce Yourself

Hello, good morning. I will introduce my self

My name is Ali Nur Alamsyah

My nickname is Ali

I live in Kendari at Jl. Gagak no.34

My hobby is swimming

My idea is a doctor

I am 18 years old

I study at Haluoleo university

I am single

And so on….

I think that’s all. Thank you.

See you.

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Short Conversation

Ani : Hi, good morning.

Ali : Hi, good morning.

Ani : How are you?

Ali : I am fine. Thank you. What about you?

Ani : I am fine too. Thanks.

Ali : By the way, what is your full name?

Ani : My full name is Adriani. And you?

Ali : My name is Ali Ahmad Priatno.

Ani : Hmm….Where do you live?

Ali : I live in Kendari at jl. Nuri no.45

……….

Exercise

Make short conversation by asking personal identity (work in pair)

Reading Text
My name is Putri Ulfa. I live in Jakarta at jalan diponegoro no.3. I like
reading novel because it gives me much inspiration. I am 18 years old. I
want to be a doctor because I like helping people. Now, I am a student at
Medical study program in UNPAD. I have one sister and one step brother.
I have one step father because my father had passed away when I am still
14. Then, now, I am living alone in boarding house. I have my friends in
UNPAD. I am single and I do not want to make relationship before I
finished my study. Even though, there is a men like me. The main point now

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is that I enjoy my life and my lecture. I love studying. Next, I want to
make my parents proud of having me,
Writing

Write down your personal identity in paragraph (minimum 120 words)

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Listening

1. Erwan : Hi I am Erwan

Tyas : Hi, I am Tyas

Erwan : Please to meet you

Tyas : (1)…………………………

2. Figo : Hi, Juliet (2)………….. each other for ages

Juliet : Hi, Figo

Figo : (3)……………..

Juliet : Fine, everything is fine. Thanks (4)………………………….

Figo : (5)………………

3. Ipin : Hi widya, nice to meet you here.

Widya : Hi, ipin. Me too

Ipin : Do you live here?

Widya : Yes. My house is(6)……. Please drop in.

Ipin : Thanks. (7)…………………..

4. Rianti : Hi, Patty

Patty : Hi, Ri

Rianti : Pat, This is Tim. Tim (8)……………

Tim : Hi, Pat (9)……………………

Patty : Hi, Tim. I am Great. Thanks

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 Rianti : Do you know each other?

Pat and tim : Sure, Actually (10)……………….

Dialog

Arnan : Hi, Tigor, Long time no see. (1)………………….

Tigor : Hi, Arnan. (2)……….. . I have been studying in Bandung. How’s life?

Arnan : Life (3)…….. Thanks. (4)………….?

Tigor : Um……… I am very well too. Thanks. By the way. (5)…………resman.

Resman. This is Arnan (6)…………..from junior high school.

Arnan : Glad to meet you Resman

Resman : (7)………………………, Arman

Tigor : Well. Arman. (8)…….. I will ask Resman to (9)……………. The city
square.

Resman : OK. Then. Bye. (10)………!

Arman : Thanks. Bye

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Grammar focus

Simple present tense and present continuous tens

Present tense
S + V1 + O
I Cook a fish

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Present Continuous Tense
S + To be + V1-Ing + O
I am Cooking a fish

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 CHAPTER II
INTRODUCING FRIENDS

Personal Pronoun
Personal pronoun describes a particular person or thing or group.

Pronoun Pronoun Possessive Possessive Reflexive

Subject Object Adjective Pronoun Pronoun

I Me My Mine Myself

You You Your Yours Yourself

They Them Their Theirs Themselves

We Us Our Ours Ourselves

He Him His His Himself

She Her Her Hers Herself

It It Its Its Itself

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Subject and Object

Personal pronoun describes the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken

to (you), or the person or thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them).

Example.

He helps poor.

The pronoun “he” in above sentence describes a person who helps poor.

Examples.

She is intelligent

They are playing chess.

He sent me a letter.

It is raining.

We love our country.

The teacher appreciated them.

I met him yesterday.

He gave her a gift.

Did you go to home?

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive Pronoun indicates close possession or ownership or relationship of a

thing/person to another thing/person.

e.g. yours, mine, his, hers, ours, theirs, hers,

Example.

This book is mine.

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The pronoun “mine” describes the relationship between book and a person (me)

who possesses this book or who is the owner of this book.

Examples.

That car is hers.

Your book is old. Mine is new.

The pen on the table is mine.

The smallest cup is yours.

The voice is hers.

The car is ours not theirs.

I have lost my camera. May I use yours?

They received your letter. Did you received theirs.

Possessive adjectives

Possessive adjectives (my, her, your) may be confused with possessive pronouns.

Possessive adjective modifies noun in terms of possession. Both possessive

adjective and possessive show possession or ownership, but possessive adjective

is used (with noun) to modify the noun while Possessive pronoun is used instead

(in place of) a noun.

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Examples.

This is my book. (Possessive adjective: “my” modifies the noun “book”)

This book is mine. (Possessive pronoun: “mine” is used instead of noun “to whom
the book belongs”)

Reflexive Pronoun.

Reflexive pronoun describes noun when subject’s action affects the subject

itself. e.g himself, yourself, herself, ourselves, themselves, itself are reflexive

pronouns. Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they require

an interaction between the subject and an object.

Examples.

I looked at myself in the mirror.

You should think about yourself.

They prepared themselves for completion.

She pleases herself by think that she will win the prize.

He bought a car for himself.

He locked himself in the room.

He who loves only himself is a selfish.

WH and H Questions

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WH Question Words Fungsi Contoh Kalimat

what Menanyakan informasi What is your name?

tentang sesuatu.

Menanyakan pengulangan, What? I can't hear you.You

menanyakan kenapa. did what?

what...for Menanyakan alasan, What did you do that for?

menanyakan kenapa.

when Menanyakan tentang waktu When did he leave?

where Menanyakan posisi atau Where do they live?

tempat.

which Menanyakan tentang pilihan. Which color do you want?

who Menanyakan subject orang. Who opened the door?

whom Menanyakan object orang. Whom did you see?

whose Menanyakan tentang Whose are these keys?

kepemilikan. Whose turn is it?

why Menanyakan alasan. Why do you say that?

why don't Memberikan saran. Why don't I help you?

how Menyakan tentang cara. How does this work?

Menanyakan tentang kondisi How was your exam?

atau jumlah.

how + adj/adv Menanyakan tingkatan Perhatikan contoh di bawah

ini:

how far Jarak How far is Pattaya from

Bangkok?

how long Panjang (waktu atau ruang) How long will it take?

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 how many Jumlah (countable) How many cars are there?

how much Jumlah (uncountable) How much money do you

have?

how old Umur How old are you?

how come (informal) Menanyakan alasan, How come I can't see her?
menanyakan kenapa.

Arti dan Contoh WH Question Words

WH Question Words Arti Contoh Kalimat

who Orang Who's that? That's Nancy.

where Tempat Where do you live? In Boston

why Alasan Why do you sleep early? Because I've

got to get up early

when Waktu When do you go to work? At 7:00

how Cara How do you go? By car

what Object, ide atau What do you do? I am an engineer

tindakan

which Pilihan Which one do you prefer? The red

one.

whose Kepemilikan Whose is this book? It's Alan's.

whom Object dari kata kerja Whom did you meet? I met the
manager.

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 what kind Deskripsi/ gambaran What kind of music do you like? I like
quiet songs

what time Waktu What time did you come home?

how many Jumlah (countable) How many students are there? There
are twenty.

how much Jumlah/ kwantitas, How much time have we got? Ten
harga (uncountable) minutes

how long Durasi, panjang How long did you stay in that hotel?
For two weeks.

how often Frekwensi How often do you go to the gym?

Twice a week.

how far Jarak How far is your school? It's one mile
far.

how old Umur How old are you? I'm 16.

Introducing Friends

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Her name is Lidya. She lives at Jl Bung tomo. She has 2 brothers. She likes

jogging. She doesn’t like eating fish. She is very smart.

Writing

Please write the personal identity 2 of your friends in paragraph (150

words)

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Grammar focus

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Present perfect tense and present perfect continuous
tense

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is a verb tense used to express actions that occurred

at a non-specific time. The present perfect tense is also used to express actions

that started in the past but continue to the present

Nominal

You
Have
We
Been
They

He
Has
She

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 It

Examples,
She has been a doctor since 2016

She has not been a doctor since 2016

Has she been a doctor since 2016

Verbal

You
Have
Past Participle
We
(V3)

They

He Has

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 She

It

Examples
They have studied English for 1 year

They have not studied English for 1 year

Have they studied English for 1 year?

Exercise!
Change the sentences below into present perfect tense
1. I am a teacher
2. She worked at hospital
3. They go to school
4. We did a great job
5. He is not angry
6. She makes a cake
7. You have a car
8. You seek my profile
9. He throws garbage in a garbage can
10. We knew the lesson

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Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The present perfect continuous (also called present perfect progressive)

is a verb tense which is used to show that an action started in the past and

has continued up to the present moment. The present perfect continuous

usually emphasizes duration, or the amount of time that an action has been

taking place.

Verbal
I

You
Have
We

They Been V1-Ing

He

She Has

It

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Examples
She has been playing a card for 10 minutes
She has not been playing a card for 10 minutes
Has she been playing a card for 10 minutes

subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb

+I have been waiting for one hour.

+ You have been talking too much.

- It has not been raining.

- We have not been playing football.

? Have you been seeing her?

? Have they been doing their homework?

Exercises!
Change into present perfect continuous tense in form (-) and (?)
sentences below
1. She has watched a movie for 2 hours
2. He has kept the shop since 2018
3. They are joining a course
4. We dries the clothes
5. My son brings me an umbrella

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 CHAPTER III
APPLICATION LETTER

Curriculum Vitae

Curriculum vitae are all about yourself completely. It consists

of your personal identity, levels of education, ability,
organization and etc.

Assignment
Please make curriculum vitae as well as possible.

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Job Application Letter

Surabaya, March 12th 2013

Attention To: Human Resources Department

PT. PAL Indonesia
Jl. Jl. Ujung Surabaya No. 3
Surabaya, Indonesia

Dear Sir/Madam,

I have read from your advertisement at Surabaya Post that your company is looking for
employees to hold some position. Based on the advertisement, I am interested in applying
application for Engineer position according with my background educational as Engineering
Physics.

My name is Mohammad Siddiq, I am twenty five years old. I have graduated from Engineering
Physics Department ITS Surabaya on June 2012. My specialization in Engineering Physics is
Instrumentation and Control specialist. I consider myself that I have qualifications as you
want. I have good motivation for progress and growing, eager to learn, and can work with a
team (team work) or by myself. Beside that I posses adequate computer skill and have good
command in English (spoken and written).

With my qualifications, I confident that I will be able to contribute effectively to your

company. Herewith I enclose my :

1. Copy of Bachelor Degree (S-1) Certificate and Academic Transcript.

2. Curriculum Vitae.
3. Copy of Job Training Certificate from Unocal Indonesia Company.
4. Recent photograph with size of 4 x 6 cm

I would express my gratitude for your attention and I hope I could follow your recruitment
test luckily.

Sincerely,

Mohammad Siddiq

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Writing

Please make job application letter

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 CHAPTER IV
DESCRIBING

Describing Person

Human Body

Kepala : Rambut :

Hidung : Telinga :

Dahi : Mulut :

Muka : Mata :

Alis : Lubang Hidung :

Gigi : Lidah :

Bibir : Leher :

Jari tangan : Bahu :

Siku : Lengan :

Ketiak : Leher :

Perut : Pinggang :

Punggung : Dada :

Paha : Betis :

Kaki : Jari kaki :

Tumit : Mata Kaki :

Hati : Ginjal :

Paru-paru : Lutut :

Muka oval : Rambut lurus :

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Rambut ikal : Rambut bergelombang :

Gemuk : Kurus :

Hidung Mancung : Hidung Pesek :

Text

I would say I'm pretty average in size, and incredibly skinny nor fat. I have

brown eyes and short black hair. (Primarily because of being in the

military.) If I wasn't, probably have long hair (not below my shoulder long,

but long enough for spikes.) and a goatee instead of continuously shaving it

every day or every other day. I'm about six feet tall, still growing, probably

end up 6'2. Not sure yet... I would say I'm a very nice guy, honest, a little

fickler at times, confused, and always wanting more. I try to be happy with

what I have (I am for the most part), but I always think there's something

missing in my life. I'm very trustworthy, I hate to lie, but I also don't like

hurting people's people. So I would just tell that person some of it, not the

whole truth unless I feel it necessary to give it out all. If it choosing to lie

or tell the truth to my girl, wife or whatever, I would tell the truth even

if it mean I could lose her. It's better to tell it, in my opinion, pays off in

the long run. I would say I'm pretty smart and mature... at least that's

what people say that I know. I'm not very good at describing myself, these

are all examples I've received from my closest friends.

Writing

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Describe yourself briefly in paragraph

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Describing your friends briefly

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Grammar Focus

Modal Auxiliary

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Present Past

May Might

Can Could

Will Would

Shall Should

Must

Have/Has to Had to

For example,

She can be angry

They have to be clever

I will go to school

She could climb the tree

Exercise!

Make 3 nominal sentences and 3 verbal sentences by using modal

auxiliary.

Grammar Focus

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Simple Past tense, Past continuous and Past
Perfect tense

Simple Past Tense

Nominal

I was

You

We Were

They

He

She Was

It

Examples,
She was a doctor last year

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She was not a doctor last year

Was she a doctor last year

Verbal

You

We

They Did

He

She

It

Examples
They studied English yesterday

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They did not study English yesterday

Did they study English yesterday?

Exercise!
Change the sentences below into simple past tense
1. I am a teacher
2. She works at hospital
3. They go to school
4. We do a great job
5. He is not angry
6. She makes a cake
7. You have a car
8. You seek my profile
9. He throws garbage in a garbage can
10. We know the lesson

Past Continuous Tense

Nominal

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 I was

You

We Were Being

They

He

She Was

It

Examples,
She was being a doctor last year

She was not being a doctor last year

Was she being a doctor last year

Past Continuous Tense

Verbal

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 I was

You

We Were V1-Ing

They

He

She Was

It

Examples,
She was studying English Last week

She was not studying English Last week

Was she studying English Last week?

CHAPTER IV
MY HOLIDAY

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Watching Movie

My sister and I went to see a film last night. It was an American movie

called The Lost Flight. It showed how people can quickly change when they

have to look after themselves in the jungle. It was an interesting film about

a plane which crashed on a small empty island in the Pacific Ocean.

Although the passengers were safe, nobody knew where the plane had

crashed. So the passengers had to learn how to hunt for food in the jungle

and how to catch fish from the sea to eat. After a few weeks, the

passengers were eating raw fish and meat. After they had been on the

island for two months, three of the men made a boat and sailed away to

find help. But their boat sank and they were drowned.

The film ended without saying whether the passengers were rescued or

not. But my sister and I enjoyed the film.

Questions

1. How was the end of movie?

2. How long did they stay in the island?

3. What did they watch?

4. Were the passengers safe?

Holiday in Bali

We had a wonderful holiday in Bali. It was a really great place. The people

were friendly, the food was great, and the weather was a lot better than

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at home. Most days were pretty. I swam two or three times a day, but my

brother Fachri just spent all his time lying on the beach with his eyes

closed.

Last Saturday I got on the bus and went to the north of the island, It was

much quieter there than here–very beautiful, but no tourists. The next day

we went across to the east coast to see some of the old villages.

I learned Balinese–I couldn't say much, but it was fun to try. Fachri

actually spoke it quite well, but he was afraid to open his mouth, so I was

the one who talked to people.

Questions
1. What was the text about?
2. How were their impressions about Bali?
3. What did Fachri do on the beach?
4. Did I swim on the beach?
5. How did they go to the north island?

Writing

Write down your experience below in paragraph (250 words)

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Grammar Focus

Degree of comparison

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Degree of comparison refers to adjectives being written in different
forms to compare one, two or more nouns which are words describing
persons, places and things.

Positive degree.

For example,

Mika is beautiful.

Agnes is beautiful

Maka :

Mika is as beautiful as Agnes

Atau

Mika is the same beautiful as Agnes

Comparative degree.

For example,

· This house is bigger than that one.

· This flower is more beautiful than that.

· He is more intelligent than this boy.

· He is taller than Andik.

Superlative degree

For example,

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a. This is the biggest house in this street.

b. This flower is the most beautiful one in this garden.

c. He is the most intelligent in this class.

d. He is the tallest student in this class.

Exercise

Complete this sentence below by using ‘COMPARATIVE’!

1. Andi is 165 cm tall. Donna is 167 cm tall. So, Donna is _________ than Andi.

2. My father is 45 years old. My mother is 46 years old. So, My mother is

_________ than my father.

3. A buffalo is big. But, an elephant is ________ than a buffalo.

4. Bengawan Solo river is long but Nil river is ________ than Bengawan Solo
river.

5. Most students think Mathematic is ___________ than Social Science.

6. Roger is 12 years old. Danu is 15 years old. So, Roger is ______ than Danu.

7. A hill is __________ than a mountain.

8. A horse runs __________ than a goat.

9. A car’s price is usually __________ than a motorbike’s price.

10. The red jacket is 60,000 rupiahs. The blue jacket costs 75,000 rupiahs. The
red jacket is ________ than the blue jacket.

Complete this sentence below by using ‘SUPERLATIVE’!

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1. The elephant is the ___________ animal on the earth.

2. Maya is the ________ student in my class. She never comes late to school.

3. Those jackets are expensive. But the ________ jacket is the red one.

4. Almost all students think that Mathematic is the ____________ subject in

the school.

5. Mr. Ron is the ____________ teacher in our school. He never gets angry to
us.

6. There are four tall students in my class. But the _________ student is Raka.

7. Cheetah is known as the ___________ runner animal on the earth.

8. An ant may be the ____________ animal in the world.

9. Jakarta is the ______________ city in Indonesia.

10. Arnold cleans his room twice a day. That’s way his room is the __________
among our rooms.

Complete this sentence below by using ‘EQUATIVE’ !

1. Arman is 157 cm tall. Maulana is 157 cm tall. So, Arman is _________ as

Maulana.

2. My car is red. My brother’s car is red. Our cars have the same __________.

3. This pencil is long. That pencil is short. That pencil isn’t as ________ as this
pencil.

4. My father has the same __________as my mother. They were born on the
same date, month and year.

5. A buffalo can’t run as _________ as a horse.

6. We have the same ____________. Both of us like swimming.

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7. I can do the Biology test easily. I think Biology is not as _________ as
Mathematic.

8. Luna and Maya has the same _________. Both are 55 kg.

9. An orangutan isn’t as __________ as an elephant. An elephant can lift a wood

with its trunk easily.

10. Brian always wears an ‘M’ T-shirt. Vina does too. They have the same
___________ for T-shirt

CHAPTER V
ASKING AND GIVING DIRECTION

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Asking Direction

Asking Direction (menanyakan arah)

• Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the nearest post office?

(permisi, bisakah kamu memberitahuku kemana arah kantor pos terdekat?)

• Excuse me, do you know where the nearest post office is?

(permisi, apakah kamu tahu dimana kantor pos terdekat?)

• Excuse me, can you show me the way to the station, please?

(permisi, bisakah kamu menunjukkan jalan ke stasiun, tolong?)

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• I’m looking for …

(aku mencari...)

• Is this the right way for …?

(apakah ini jalan yang benar untuk...?)

• Do you know where is...?

(apakah kamu tahu dimana...?)

• Do you have a map?

(apakah kamu punya peta?)

• Could you show me on the map?

(bisakah kamu memperlihatkanku peta?)

• How far is it to...?

(seberapa jauh untuk ke...?)

• Is it far?

(apakah itu jauh?)

• Can you please tell me how I can get to Oxford Street?

(bisakah kamu memberitahukanku arah ke jalan oxford?)

• Where is the nearest supermarket?

(dimanakah supermarket terdekat?)

• How can I get to the local market?

(Kemana arah pasar lokal?)

• I'm trying to get to Downing Street.

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 (aku mencoba untuk pergi ke jalan downing)

• How do I get to the office?

(kemana arah ke kantor?)

• What's the best way to get to your house?

(kemana jalan yang paling dekat ke rumahmu?)

• Where is Mc Donalds can you tell me please?

(mc donalds ada dimana?bisakah kamu memberitahuku?

Giving Direction
• Go straight on till you see the hospital then turn left.
lurus terus sampai kamu melihat rumah sakit lalu belok kiri)

• Turn back, you have gone past the turning.

(kembali, tujuanmu sudah terlewat)

• Turn left when you see a roundabout.

(belok kiri ketika kamu melihat bunderan)

• Turn right at the end of the road and my house is number 67.

(belok kanan di akhir jalan dan nomor rumahku adalah 67)

• Cross the junction and keep going for about 1 mile.

(sebrangi persimpangan dan lurus terus sekitar 1 mil)

• Take the third road on the right and you will see the office on the right

(ambil jalur ketiga di sebelah kanan dan kamu akan melihat kantor di sebelah kanan)

• Take the third road on the right and you will see the shop on the left

(ambil jalur ketiga di sebelah kanan dan kamu akan melihat toko di bagian kiri)

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• Take the second road on the left and you will see the house on the left

(ambil jalur kedua di sebelah kiri dan kamu akan melihat rumah di sebelah kiri)

• Take the second road on the left and you will see the hospital straight ahead

(ambil jalur kedua di sebelah kiri dan kamu akan melihat rumah sakit didepan)

• The hospital is opposite the railway station.

(rumah sakit ada di seberang stasiun kereta)

• The shop is near the hospital.

(toko ada di sekitar rumah sakit)

• The shop is in between the chemist and KFC.

(tokonya ada di antara ahli kimia dan KFC)

• At the end of the road you will see a roundabout.

(di ujung jalan kamu akan melihat bunderan)

• At the corner of the road you will see red building.

(di pojok jalan kamu akan menemukan bangunan merah)

• Go straight on at the traffic lights.

(lurus saja dari lampu merah)

• turn right at the crossroads.

(belok kanan di persimpangan)

• Follow the signposts for Manchester.

(ikuti rambu jalan untuki pergi ke manchester)

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Example of Dialogue
Jack: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the National Bank is?

Anna: The National Bank? Oh, I’m afraid that you are quite far from that.

Jack: What? I’m lost? I thought I was near!

Anna: Oh no. National Bank is in Saigon Road on Nguyen Street!

Jack: Could you please tell me how to get there?

Anna: Hmmm. Let me see... Go straight on this road, turn right at the traffic lights...

Jack: Is that all?

Anna: Hmmm… Hold on. Let me think... Ah! After that, go past the big church and turn right
into Saigon Road. And...

Jack: Okay. And?

Anna: Opposite Saigon Road is the Nguyen Street. You will see the Vina Mall. It’s huge.
National Bank is next to it. You surely won’t be lost anymore.

Jack: Got it! But is that the quickest way of getting there?

Anna: Yes, it is.

Jack: Do you have a map?

Anna: I’m sorry I don’t have.

Jack: Okay. Thanks.

Anna: You are welcome.

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 REFERENCES
Betty Schruampfer A, 2nd edition. Understanding and using English grammar.
Binarupa Akasara Fountain, R.L (1971). An English Language Course for First-Year
Student of English at IKIP. Yogyakarta: FKSS IKIP Yogyakarta.
Hewings, Martin. (1999). Advanced Grammar in Use. Cambrige: Cambrige University
Press.
Murphy, R. (1985). English Grammar in Use. . Cambrige: Cambrige University Press.

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