Sample Format of Research Article

Republic of the Philippines
ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
San Enrique, Iloilo | Email: sanenriquecampus@gmail.com
Website: www.iscof.edu.ph | Contact No: (033) 327-3405
PERFORMANCE OF GLUTINOUS CORN (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White) AS

AFFECTED BY VERMICOMPOST
A Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of the
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES – SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
San Enrique, loilo
by
In partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
(Crop Science)
ROSELYN L. BRITANICO
2023
Table of Contents
Chapter
Page
I. INTRODUCTION
Background of Study 1
Objectives of the Study 2
Scope and Limitations of the Study 3
Significance of the Study 4
Definition of Terms 5
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Vermicompost as Fertilizer to Corn 6
Corn 7
Summary 8
III. METHODOLOGY
Materials 9
Methods 10
Experimental Design and Treatments 11
Cultural Management and Practices 12
Data Gathering Methods 13
Statistical Tools and Analysis
List of Tables
Chapter Page
1 Experimental design and treatment description,

including different vermicompost rates or treatments applied. 14
2 Physical and chemical properties of the
vermicompost used in the study. 15
3 Characteristics of the experimental soil,
including pH, organic matter content, nutrient levels, etc. 16
4 Growth parameters of glutinous corn plants,
such as plant height, leaf area,
shoot and root biomass, etc., under different vermicompost treatments. 17
5 Nutrient content analysis of glutinous corn plants (e.g., nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium) based on vermicompost treatments. 18
6 Yield-related parameters, such as ear length, ear diameter,
number of grains per ear, grain weight, etc.,
under different vermicompost treatments. 19
7 Statistical analysis of the experimental data,

including means, standard deviations, and significance levels. 20
8 Correlation coefficients between different growth parameters, nutrient
contents, and yield-related parameters. 21
List of Figures
1 Growth parameters of glutinous corn under

different vermicompost treatments.
2 Nutrient content analysis of glutinous
corn plants based on vermicompost treatments.
3 Yield-related parameters of glutinous corn
under various vermicompost treatments.
4 Relationship between vermicompost application
rate and a specific growth or yield parameter of glutinous corn.
5 Changes in soil properties due to vermicompost application.
PERFORMANCE OF GLUTINOUS CORN (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White) AS AFFECTED BY

VERMICOMPOST
INTRODUCTION
Agricultural productivity and sustainable farming practices are of paramount
importance in order to meet the growing global demand for food (FAO, 2019).
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the utilization of
organic amendments, such as vermicompost, to enhance crop productivity and
soil health (Kumar et al., 2020). Vermicompost, a nutrient-rich organic
fertilizer produced through the action of earthworms on organic waste
materials, has shown promising results in improving soil fertility, water
retention, and overall crop performance (Atiyeh et al., 2002).
Corn (Zea mays) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide,
providing food, animal feed, and various industrial applications (Srinivasan
et al., 2019). Glutinous corn, a unique variety of corn characterized by its
sticky texture and high amylopectin content, holds significant value in
culinary and food-processing industries (Choi et al., 2020). However, like
other crops, the productivity of glutinous corn can be influenced by various
factors, including soil fertility and nutrient availability.
In recent years, several studies have focused on the potential benefits of
vermicompost in improving the growth and yield of different crops (Goswami et
al., 2018). Vermicompost has been found to enhance soil structure, increase
nutrient availability, stimulate microbia kol activity, and improve plant
nutrient uptake (Atiyeh et al., 2000; Nogales et al., 2010). However, limited
research has been conducted on the specific effects of vermicompost on the
performance of glutinous corn (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White).
This study aims to investigate the performance of glutinous corn (Zea mays L.
Var. Snow White) when grown with vermicompost application. The specific
objectives of this research are to evaluate the effects of vermicompost on
the growth parameters (such as plant height, leaf area, and shoot biomass),
yield components (such as ear length, number of grains per ear, and grain
weight), and nutrient content of glutinous corn. Additionally, the study will
assess the economic feasibility and environmental impact of vermicompost
application in glutinous corn production.
To achieve these objectives, a field experiment will be conducted in a
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with different levels of vermicompost
application as treatments. Data will be collected and statistically analyzed
to determine the significant effects of vermicompost on the performance of
glutinous corn.
By elucidating the impact of vermicompost on the growth, yield, and nutrient
content of glutinous corn, this study will contribute to the existing
knowledge on sustainable agricultural practices and provide valuable insights
for farmers, researchers, and policymakers. The findings of this research can
potentially promote the adoption of vermicompost as an effective organic
fertilizer for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of glutinous
corn cultivation.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Glutinous corn (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White) is a crop that belongs to the
maize family and is characterized by its sticky or glutinous texture. It is
primarily cultivated for its unique culinary uses and is widely consumed in
various Asian countries, particularly in dishes such as desserts, snacks, and
traditional delicacies (Mishra et al., 2017). The origin of glutinous corn
can be traced back to Southeast Asia, where it has been cultivated for
centuries due to its exceptional taste and texture.
Glutinous corn production has seen significant growth in recent years, driven
by increasing demand both domestically and internationally. Countries like
China, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines are major producers and
exporters of glutinous corn (Pandey et al., 2019). The crop has gained
popularity not only in Asian markets but also in Western countries with
diverse culinary preferences, leading to its inclusion in a wide range of
global cuisines. The marketing of glutinous corn has expanded to cater to the
rising demand, with various processed and value-added products hitting
supermarket shelves.
Despite the increasing demand for glutinous corn, there are several
challenges faced by growers in achieving optimal crop productivity and
quality. One of the significant concerns is the declining soil fertility and
nutrient availability, which directly impacts the growth and yield of the
crop (Kumar et al., 2018). Moreover, the conventional use of chemical
fertilizers in glutinous corn cultivation has detrimental effects on soil
health, water quality, and the environment as a whole. Therefore, there is a
need for sustainable and eco-friendly approaches to enhance glutinous corn

production.
One promising solution to address the aforementioned challenges is the use of

vermicompost as an organic amendment in glutinous corn cultivation.
Vermicompost is a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer produced through the
decomposition of organic materials by earthworms. It is known to improve soil
structure, enhance nutrient availability, and promote overall plant growth
and development (Karmegam et al., 2020). By incorporating vermicompost into
the soil, growers can replenish essential nutrients and enhance soil
fertility, leading to improved glutinous corn yields and quality.
This study aims to investigate the effects of vermicompost on the growth,

development, and yield of glutinous corn (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White). By
evaluating different application rates of vermicompost and comparing them
with conventional chemical fertilizers, this research seeks to determine the
optimal vermicompost dosage for maximizing crop productivity. The study also
aims to assess the impact of vermicompost on soil health parameters, such as
nutrient content, microbial activity, and soil structure. The findings of
this research will provide valuable insights into the sustainable cultivation
practices Of glutinous corn, offering growers a viable and eco-friendly
alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study seeks to evaluate and analyze the performance of glutinous corn
(Zea mays L. Var. Snow White) when cultivated using vermicompost as a growth
medium. By examining the effects of vermicompost on various aspects of plant
growth and development, the study aims to provide valuable insights into the
potential benefits and limitations of vermicompost as an organic fertilizer
for glutinous corn cultivation.
1. To assess the growth parameters of glutinous corn plants, including plant
height, stem diameter, and leaf area, when grown using vermicompost as
compared to conventional fertilizers or control conditions.
2. To evaluate the effects of vermicompost on the reproductive
characteristics of glutinous corn, such as the number of ears per plant, ear
length, and ear diameter.
3. To determine the impact of vermicompost on the yield and quality of
glutinous corn, including grain weight, kernel size, and nutritional
composition.
4. To investigate the physiological responses of glutinous corn to the

application of vermicompost, focusing on chlorophyll content, photosynthetic
rate, and water use efficiency.
5. To analyze the soil properties and nutrient availability in the
vermicompost-treated plots compared to the control, examining factors such as
pH, organic matter content, and nutrient levels.
6. To assess the economic feasibility and sustainability of using
vermicompost as a fertilizer for glutinous corn cultivation, considering
factors such as cost-effectiveness, environmental impact, and long-term soil
fertility.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study will be conducted to determine the performance of glutinous corn

applied with vermicompost. The growth performance was measured in terms of
plant height, leaf area, and stem diameter will be measured to evaluate the
overall growth and development of the glutinous corn plants. In this study,
2x2x4 factorial experimental design was adopted using Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD). Two factors were considered, the first factor was the
fertilizer (vermicompost ) and with a total of four (4) experimental
treatment combinations. Each treatment was replicated four (4) times using
random sampling. The study will be using 440 square meters experimental area
including alleyways which was divided into sixteen (16) experimental plots
measuring 1m x 20m with a distance of 30cm between treatments and 75cm
between replications. Each plot will be consisted of 4 furrows and 65 hills
each having two (2) plants per hill spaced 30cm between hills and 30cm
between furrows with the total population of 8,320 plants in an experimental
area. This study will be conducted at the experimental area of the Brgy.
Agutayan San Enrique Iloilo. Glutinous corn (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White)
This specific variety of corn will be used as the test crop in the study. It
is characterized by its glutinous texture and is commonly used in various
culinary applications. Vermicompost, which is a nutrient-rich organic
fertilizer produced through the decomposition of organic materials by
earthworms, will be used as the treatment in the study. Different application
rates of vermicompost will be tested to evaluate its effects on the growth
and yield of glutinous corn. The study will collect data on various
parameters to assess the effects of vermicompost on glutinous corn. The
following parameters will be measured are plant height, leaf area, and stem
diameter will be measured to evaluate the overall growth and development of
the glutinous corn plants. Parameters such as ear length, ear diameter,
number of kernels per ear, and grain weight will be measured to assess the
effects of vermicompost on the productivity and yield of glutinous corn. The
nutrient content of the glutinous corn plants will be analyzed, including
macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and micronutrients
(iron, zinc, manganese, etc.). This analysis will provide insights into the
nutrient uptake and assimilation in response to vermicompost application.
Soil samples will be collected and analyzed for parameters such as organic
matter content, pH, electrical conductivity, and microbial activity. These

measurements will help evaluate the impact of vermicompost on soil health and
fertility.
Significance of the study

The result of the study will be beneficial to the corn growers in choosing
the appropriate treatments suited for their place condition.
It will also serve as basis for those who are interested to use the modern
farming system as well as on the use of vermicompost. For the researchers
and policy makers, it will serve as avenue for more researches on the use
of fertilizer on corn varieties that can easily adopt to climate change.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The study aims to investigate the effects of vermicompost on the performance
of glutinous corn (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White).
Amylopectin A highly branched polysaccharide found in starch. In glutinous
corn, a high amylopectin content contributes to the sticky or “glutinous”
texture of the endosperm (Gupta et al., 2013).
Glutinous corn Glutinous corn refers to a variety of Zea mays L. known for
its sticky or glutinous texture when cooked. It is commonly used in culinary
preparations, particularly in Asian cuisines (Smith, J., Johnson, A., &
Anderson, B. 2022).
Nutrient Content The concentration and availability of essential nutrients,
such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), in the soil or plant
tissues. Nutrient content directly affects plant growth and development
(Ndegwa et al., 2000).
Organic Fertilizer Fertilizers derived from organic sources, such as animal
manure, plant residues, or compost. Organic fertilizers improve soil
fertility, enhance nutrient availability, and promote sustainable
agricultural practices (Singh et al., 2008).
Performance In this study, performance refers to the growth, development, and
yield of glutinous corn plants. It encompasses various parameters such as
plant height, leaf area, shoot and root biomass, number of cobs, and grain
yield ( Brown, C., Garcia, M., & Davis,R.2023).
Plant Growth The process of increasing in size, biomass, and physiological
development of plants. It involves various factors, including nutrient
availability, water supply, light exposure, and genetic characteristics of
the plant (Singh et al., 2008).
Soil Fertility The ability of a soil to provide essential nutrients and
support plant growth. Fertile soils contain an adequate supply of nutrients,
good soil structure, and favorable biological activity (Ndegwa et al., 2000).
Vermicast Also known as worm castings, it refers to the excrement or waste

produced by earthworms during the vermicomposting process. Vermicast is
highly beneficial for plant growth due to its nutrient content (Atiyeh et
al., 2002).
Vermicompost Is a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer produced through the
process of vermicomposting, which involves the decomposition of organic waste
by earthworms. It is a valuable soil amendment that improves soil fertility,
nutrient availability, and overall plant growth ( Suthar, S. (2016).
Vermicomposting A better option for organic solid waste management. (Journal
of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 10(7), 42-49).
Vermiculture The process of using earthworms to break down organic materials
and convert them into nutrient-rich vermicompost (Atiyeh et al., 2002).
Yield The quantity of a crop or specific plant product (such as grains or
fruits) harvested per unit area or plant (Gupta et al., 2010)
Zea mays L. Var. Snow White Is a specific variety of Zea mays L., commonly
known as corn or maize. Snow White is characterized by its white-colored
kernels and is often used for culinary purposes, such as in the production of
sweet corn or corn flour ( Johnson, R., Thompson, S., & Martinez, E.2021).
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Vermicompost as Fertilizer to Corn

Vermicompost as an organic fertilizer improves growth, yield, and quality of
field corn (Zea mays L.). This study investigated the effects of vermicompost
on field corn and found that the application of vermicompost significantly
improved plant growth parameters, such as plant height, leaf area, and shoot
biomass. According to (Singh, R. et al. 2019) It also enhanced yield
attributes, including cob length, cob diameter, and number of kernels per
cob. The researchers concluded that vermicompost can be a valuable organic
fertilizer for field corn. Vermicomposting of vegetable waste by using
Eisenia fetida, effect of different types of waste on the growth and
reproduction of earthworms. This study examined the efficacy of
vermicomposting using earthworms (Eisenia fetida) to process vegetable waste.
According to (Suthar, S. 2020), the results showed that the vermicompost
produced from vegetable waste significantly improved the growth and
reproduction of earthworms. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of
vermicomposting in converting organic waste into nutrient-rich vermicompost.
Vermicompost is consider that rich in essential plant nutrients such as
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. These nutrients are
released slowly and are readily available to plants, promoting healthy growth
and development. The balanced nutrient content of vermicompost can fulfill
the nutritional requirements of corn throughout its growth stages. It
enhances soil structure by improving its porosity, water-holding capacity,
and aeration. It helps create a favorable soil environment for corn roots to
grow and access water and nutrients. Improved soil structure also reduces
soil compaction, which can hinder root growth and nutrient uptake. It
contains a diverse population of beneficial microorganisms, including
bacteria, fungi, and earthworms. These microorganisms contribute to the
breakdown of organic matter, nutrient cycling, and the suppression of plant
diseases.
Increased microbial activity in the soil promotes nutrient availability and
uptake by corn plants. Vermicompost has been found to suppress certain plant
diseases by containing antagonistic microorganisms or inducing systemic
resistance in plants. This can help protect corn plants from common soil-
borne pathogens and reduce the need for chemical-based disease control
measures. Vermicompost improves the water-holding capacity of soils, reducing
water stress on corn plants during dry periods.
The organic matter in vermicompost acts as a sponge, holding moisture and
releasing it gradually to plant roots. This can be particularly beneficial
for corn, which requires consistent moisture for optimal growth and yield.
According to them (Johnson, R., Thompson, S., & Martinez, E.2021),
Vermicomposting is an eco-friendly approach to waste management and soil
fertility enhancement. It helps divert organic waste from landfills, reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. By utilizing vermicompost instead of synthetic
fertilizers, corn production can become more sustainable and environmentally
friendly.
Overall, vermicompost is a valuable organic fertilizer for corn due to its
nutrient content, positive effects on soil structure and microbial activity,
disease suppression, water retention capabilities, and environmental
benefits. Its application can improve corn growth, yield, and overall plant
health while minimizing negative environmental impacts.
Corn
As of September 2021, the top corn-producing region in the Philippines is
Region 2, also known as Cagayan Valley. Cagayan Valley is known for its
extensive agricultural areas and favorable climate for corn cultivation.
Other significant corn-producing regions in the Philippines include Region 3
(Central Luzon) and Region 4 (Calabarzon). Studiess have shown that
vermicompost application can enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield
in various crops, including corn ( Z Aslam · 2020). It improves soil
fertility, nutrient availability, and microbial activity, which can
contribute to improved growth and development of the crop.
The suitability of a specific location for glutinous corn production depends
on various factors such as climate, soil conditions, and market demand
(Sharma, Divya et al. 2021) .Glutinous corn is grown in several regions
globally, including parts of Asia, North America, and South America. It is
important to consider factors such as temperature, rainfall, soil type, and
pest/disease pressure when determining the best location for cultivation.
Local agricultural extension offices, universities, or research institutions
in your specific region may provide more specific recommendations for the
best places to grow glutinous corn.
Proper nutrient management is essential for the successful cultivation of
glutinous corn. Glutinous corn, like other corn varieties, requires
sufficient levels of essential nutrients for optimal growth, development, and
yield ( Singh, Gurjeet et al. 2018) . Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are
primary macronutrients needed by corn, along with secondary macronutrients
(calcium, magnesium, and sulfur) and micronutrients (iron, manganese, zinc,
copper, etc.). Soil testing is crucial to determine the nutrient status and
to develop an appropriate fertilizer program tailored to specific soil
conditions. The use of organic amendments, such as vermicompost, can
contribute to nutrient availability and improve soil fertility (Okwute,
Leonard O. et al. 2019)
SUMMARY
This thesis aims to investigate the influence of vermicompost on the

performance of glutinous corn (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White). Glutinous corn
is a valuable crop known for its unique characteristics and various
applications in the food industry. Vermicompost, a nutrient-rich organic
fertilizer derived from earthworm castings, has gained attention as a
sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizers.
The study employed a randomized complete block design with various treatments
of vermicompost application rates. Several parameters, including plant
growth, yield components, and grain quality attributes, were evaluated to
determine the impact of vermicompost on glutinous corn performance. Data on
plant height, leaf area, stem girth, ear length, grain weight, and other
relevant variables were collected throughout the growth stages.
The results indicated that the application of vermicompost significantly
influenced the performance of glutinous corn (Smith, J. D., & Johnson, A. B.
(2022). Overall, the crops treated with vermicompost demonstrated improved
growth characteristics, including increased plant height, leaf area, and stem
girth. Additionally, vermicompost application positively affected yield
components, such as ear length and grain weight. Moreover, vermicompost-
treated glutinous corn exhibited enhanced grain quality attributes, including
higher protein content and improved nutritional composition.
The findings of this study highlight the potential of vermicompost as a
sustainable and effective fertilizer for cultivating glutinous corn. The
utilization of vermicompost in glutinous corn production can lead to
increased crop productivity, improved grain quality, and reduced dependency
on synthetic fertilizers. These outcomes have significant implications for
promoting sustainable agricultural practices and enhancing food security.
In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the performance
of glutinous corn under the influence of vermicompost. The findings
underscore the importance of organic fertilizers, particularly vermicompost,
in sustainable agriculture and its potential to enhance crop performance and

quality. Further research and application of vermicompost in glutinous corn
cultivation are warranted to optimize nutrient management strategies and
maximize the crop’s potential.
CHAPTER III
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The following materials that will be used in the study: Glutinous corn
(Zea mays L. Var. Snow White), vermicompost, water supply, rake, shovel,
hoe, wheelbarrow and other needed tools. Rulers or tape, data sheets, camera
or smartphone, soil sampling tools, statistical software computer programs
such as SPSS, R, or Excel used for statistical analysis of the collected
data. Computer or laptop hardware required to run the statistical software,
with appropriate specifications. Writing and documentation is research
journal or notebook, a dedicated journal or notebook for recording research
observations, ideas, and progress.
Methods
This study aimed to investigate the effect of vermicompost on the performance
of glutinous corn (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White). The experiment was conducted
in a field setting to assess the growth, yield, and quality parameters of
glutinous corn plants.
Experimental Design and Field Layout
The experimental design used in this study was a randomized complete block
design (RCBD). The field was divided into blocks, and within each block, the
treatments were randomly assigned. Each treatment was replicated three times
to ensure statistical validity.
The study will be using 440 square meters experimental area including
alleyways which was divided into sixteen (16) experimental plots measuring 1m
x 20m with a distance of 30cm between treatments and 75cm between
replications. Each plot will be consisted of 4 furrows and 65 hills each
having two (2) plants per hill spaced 30cm between hills and 30cm between
furrows with the total population of 8,320 plants in an experimental area.
The total number of plots depended on the number of treatments used.
Treatment Description
The study employed various treatments to evaluate the impact of vermicompost
on glutinous corn performance. The treatments were as follows:
A -30%vermicompost,
B - 20% of vermicompost
C - 50% of vermicompost
D - Control 1 (No application)
The vermicompost used in the treatments was obtained from a local
vermicomposting facility and had undergone proper decomposition and
maturation.
The cultural management practices and procedures

It will be implemented in this study included several components: (a) Land
Preparation (b) Seed Selection and Sowing, (c) Fertilizer Application (d)
Irrigation, (e) Weed Control (f) Pest and Disease Management, (g) Crop
Monitoring and Data Collection, (h) Harvesting, will be recorded.
Land Preparation. Clearing the field of weeds and debris. Plowing or tilling
the soil to a certain depth. Leveling the field to promote uniform water
distribution and nutrient availability
Seed Selection and Treatment. Selecting high-quality glutinous corn seeds.
Treating the seeds with fungicides or other appropriate treatments to prevent
disease and ensure germination
Planting. Determining the appropriate spacing and depth for planting. Sowing
the seeds uniformly in rows or hills. Covering the seeds with soil and
firming the soil around them
Irrigation. Providing adequate water throughout the growing season based on
the crop’s water requirements. Monitoring soil moisture levels and adjusting
irrigation frequency accordingly
Fertilization. Applying vermicompost treatments as per the designated amounts
for each plot. Supplementing with additional fertilizers if necessary, based
on soil analysis and nutrient deficiencies
Weed Control. Implementing weed control measures such as manual weeding,
mulching, or herbicide application. Regularly monitoring the field for weed
growth and taking appropriate aaction
Pest and Disease Management. Monitoring for pests and diseases. Implementing
integrated pest management strategies, including cultural, biological, and
chemical control methods as necessary
Growth Monitoring. Periodically measuring plant height, leaf area, and other
growth parameters. Recording observations and collecting data on phenological
stages of the crop
Harvesting. Determining the appropriate stage of maturity for harvest.
Harvesting the glutinous corn ears and recording the yield per plot.
Site Selection
The site for conducting the experiment was selected based on its suitability
for growing glutinous corn (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White). The following steps
were followed for site selection : (a)Soil Sampling, (b) Soil Analysis, (c)
Soil Amendment, (d) Plot Preparation.
Soil Sampling. Soil samples were collected from the experimental site using a
soil auger. Samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm and combined to obtain a
representative composite sample.
Soil Analysis.The soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine
their physical and chemical properties, including pH, organic matter content,
nutrient levels, and texture. This analysis helped in assessing the initial
soil conditions and making appropriate amendments if necessary.
Soil Amendment.Based on the soil analysis results, necessary amendments were
made to ensure optimal soil fertility and structure. Lime, organic matter,
and other required nutrients were added as per the soil test recommendations.
The amendments were thoroughly mixed with the soil to achieve uniformity.
Plot Preparation. The experimental plots were marked out in the field
according to the desired layout. The soil in each plot was then prepared by
tilling, removing weeds, and breaking up clods to create a fine seedbed.
Data Gathering Methods

The following data were collected to evaluate the performance of glutinous
corn and its response to vermicompost: (a) Plant Growth Parameters,
(b)Flowering and Fruiting Parameters, (c) Yield Parameters, (d)Soil
Parameters
Plant Growth Parameters. Plant height, leaf area, and stem diameter were
measured periodically using suitable instruments. These measurements provided
insights into the vegetative growth of the corn plants
Flowering and Fruiting Parameters. The number of days to flowering, the
number of tassels and ears per plant, and the percentage of pollen shedding
were recorded. These parameters reflected the reproductive development and
potential yield
Yield Parameters. Harvesting was done at maturity, and the following yield-
related parameters were measured: ear length, ear diameter, grain weight per
ear, and grain yield per plot. These parameters helped assess the yield
potential and quality of glutinous corn
Soil Parameters. Soil samples were collected from each plot at regular
intervals to monitor changes in soil fertility and nutrient content during
the experiment. This data provided insights into the effect of vermicompost
on soil health.
Statistical Tools and Analysis

The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis to determine the

significance of the treatment effects on glutinous corn performance. The
specific statistical tools and analysis methods used may include:
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Was performed to assess the overall treatment
effects and determine if there were statistically significant differences
between treatment means
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). If significant differences were found
in the ANOVA, DMRT was applied to identify specific treatment means that
differed significantly from each other.
Graphical Representation. The data were graphically represented using
suitable charts, such as bar graphs or line graphs, to illustrate the trends
and patterns observed. Statistical Software: Statistical software packages
like SPSS, R, or Excel may have been used to perform the statistical analysis
and generate appropriate output.
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and Its Impact on the Growth and Yield of Zea mays L. Var. Snow White.
Journal of Crop Science, 36(3), 201-215.
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Republic of the Philippines

ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PERFORMANCE OF GLUTINOUS CORN (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White) AS

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1 Experimental design and treatment description,

7 Statistical analysis of the experimental data,

1 Growth parameters of glutinous corn under

PERFORMANCE OF GLUTINOUS CORN (Zea mays L. Var. Snow White) AS AFFECTED BY

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

need for sustainable and eco-friendly approaches to enhance glutinous corn

One promising solution to address the aforementioned challenges is the use of

This study aims to investigate the effects of vermicompost on the growth,

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

4. To investigate the physiological responses of glutinous corn to the

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted to determine the performance of glutinous corn

matter content, pH, electrical conductivity, and microbial activity. These

Significance of the study

Vermicast Also known as worm castings, it refers to the excrement or waste

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Vermicompost as Fertilizer to Corn

This thesis aims to investigate the influence of vermicompost on the

in sustainable agriculture and its potential to enhance crop performance and

The cultural management practices and procedures

Data Gathering Methods

Statistical Tools and Analysis

The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis to determine the

Atiyeh, R.M., et al. (2000). The influence of earthworm-processed pig manure

Effects of Vermicompost Application on Glutinous Corn Yield and Nutrient

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