● Women experience UI twice as often as men. It becomes more common with age.

Fluid-filled Cysts Can Develop in the Kidneys

● A simple kidney cyst is a rounded pouch or a closed pocket that is usually filled with fluid.
● In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), clusters of cysts form inside the kidneys and take the place of the normal
tissue.
● The affected kidneys become enlarged and work poorly.
● PKD is an inherited condition that often leads to kidney failure, requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation.
● Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) typically affects people already on dialysis from chronic kidney disease.
● In ACKD the kidneys do not enlarge and no other symptoms occur.

Chronic Kidney Disease Can Lead to Kidney Failure

● In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the kidneys are damaged and unable to filter blood properly.
● This damage can lead to a build-up of waste substances in the body and to other problems, including kidney
failure.
● The most common causes of CKD include diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. A diseased kidney
may look smaller and have a granular surface.

Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

Bladder Diseases
– Cystitis
– Urinary tract infection
– Urinary incontinence
– Interstitial cystitis
Dx test
Urine tests
– X-rays
– Cystoscopy
• Treatment
– Medications
– Surgery

Kidney Damage
– Risk Factors
• Diabetes (Diabetic nephropathy)
• High blood pressure
• Family history of disease
• Kidney Failure
– End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
– Renal failure

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to the
correct answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in your answer/ratio is not
allowed.

1. Which of the following causes the majority of UTI’s in hospitalized patients?

a. Lack of fluid intake c. Inadequate perineal care
b. Invasive procedures d. Immunosuppression
B
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. A patient is experiencing which type of incontinence if she experiences leaking urine when she coughs, sneezes,
or lifts heavy objects?
a. Overflow c. Reflex
b. Stress d. Urge

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 B
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. You have a patient that might have a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which statement by the patient suggests that a
UTI is likely?
a. “I pee a lot.” c. “It burns when I pee.”
b. “I go hours without the urge to pee.” d. “My pee smells sweet.”
C
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. All of the following are functions of the kidneys EXCEPT

a. removing waste products from the bloodstream c. assisting the metabolism of calcium
b. help regulating blood pressure d. store urine
A
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _____ is blood in the urine.

a. Pyuria c. hematuria
b. Proteinuria d. albuminuria
C
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY
The instructor will now provide you the rationalization to these questions. You can now ask questions and debate among
yourselves. Write the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.

1. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

Education (Department of Nursing) 3 of 4