Analysis

Passage to India
Olivia Wilson
Group Member
Andy Alif Al Mukhlish
22020154039
Muhammad Imam Zuhdi
22020154054
Muhammad Kharisma
22020154064
 E. M. Forster (1879-1970)
Edward Morgan Forster was a London writer who inherited a
large inheritance from his paternal great-aunt in 1887. He
attended King's College at Cambridge University and graduated
in 1901, focusing on writing and traveling.His novels, such as
Howards End and A Passage to India, were critical and
sympathetic, highlighting the liberal social behaviors of the
Edwardian age. Forster's most mature work, A Passage to India,
was published in 1924. He also published short stories, essays, and
the famous critical work, Aspects of the Novel. Forster was open
about his homosexuality only with his close friends and was
nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature 20 times. His works
began a revival in the 1980s and early 1990s when they were made
into films by sympathetic film maker
Brief History
A Passage to India is a novel E. M. Forster that was first
published in 1924. It is a Modernist work in which Forester
describes interactions between an Indian doctor and a group
of English people residing in colonized India, including the false
accusation of sexual assault against the doctor by an English
woman. The novel was hailed by critics upon its publication
and is widely considered Forester’s most complex and finest
work. In 1984, A Passage to India was adapted into a well-
received film by English director David Lean.
 Genre
A Passage to India is a Modernist novel. It is also a
psychological novel.

Setting
A Passage to India set in India—specifically the cities of
Chandrapore and Mau—and takes place in the 1910s or 1920s.
 Main issue
Two English women, Miss Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore, travel to India to see the real India
instead of the cultural institutions imported by the British. Aziz, a young Muslim doctor in
India, is frustrated by the poor treatment he receives from the English. They become friends
and attend a party hosted by Mr. Turton, where Adela meets Cyril Fielding, the principal of
the government college in Chandrapore. However, they are interrupted by Ronny Heaslop,
and Adela decides not to marry him. Aziz organizes an expedition to the Marabar Caves,
where he is arrested and charged with attempting to rape Adela Quested. Fielding, believing
Aziz to be innocent, angers British India and causes racial tensions to flare up. Adela dies on
the voyage back to England, realizing that there is no "real India" but a complex multitude of
different Indias. Aziz becomes the chief doctor to the Rajah of Mau and hates all English
people.
Two great races with varied heritages and histories collide. Aziz and Fielding represent
two great races that have collided on an uneven playing field. The work develops themes such
as fusion and fission, love and hatred, separation and unity, negation and affirmation.
Characterization
In Chandrapore, there is a bright,
emotional Indian doctor. Aziz makes
efforts to befriend Adela Quested, Mrs.
Moore, and Cyril Fielding. Later, following
an expedition to the Marabar Caves, Adela
falsely accuses Aziz of attempted rape, but
the charges are withdrawn after Adela's
testimony at the trial. Aziz likes to write
and recite poems. He has three children;
his wife died some years before the tale
Doctor Aziz begins.And he is he protagonist in this
novel,
Characterization
Fielding, an independent guy, has a much
more sympathetic view of the native
population than do the majority of English
in India. He feels that Indians should be
taught to be independent people. Fielding
becomes friends with Dr. Aziz and defends
him in Chandrapore when the doctor is
charged with trying to rape Adela Quested.
Cyril Fielding
Characterization
A young Englishwoman who is
clever, curious, but yet rather to be calm.
In order to decide whether or not to marry
Mrs. Moore's son Ronny, Adela travels to
India. Miss Quested sets out a wish to
meet Indians and experience the country
as it truly is. Later, she makes up the story
that Aziz tried to rape her at the Marabar
Caves.
Miss Adela
Quested
 Other character
Mrs. Moore
Adela Quested's partner on their journey to India. Mrs. Moore is an elder who wants to travel
around the country and hopes Adela will marry her son Ronny. Mrs. Moore befriends Dr. Aziz
because they share a spiritual connection. She had an uncomfortable experience with the
strange echoes in the Marabar Caves, which make her fearful, especially of human
interactions. Mrs. Moore rushes back to England, but she dies at sea on the way.
Ronny Heaslop
Mrs. Moore's son is the Chandrapore magistrate. Ronny, while being well educated and
open-minded at heart, has become biased and intolerant of Indians since moving to India—
as most Englishmen serving there do. Ronny is briefly engaged to Adela Quested, however
he does not appear to be in love with her.
 Other character
Mr. Turton
The collector, the ruler of Chandrapore. Even though he is more diplomatic than his
wife, Mr. Turton is strict and officious.
Mrs. Turton
Wife of Turton. Mrs. Turton represents the image of the arrogant, impolite, and judgmental
English colonial wife in the novel in her encounters with Indians.

Mr. McBryde
The Chandrapore police chief has a complex theory that he uses to defend the inferiority of
dark-skinned races over light-skinned ones. Even though he is arrogant, McBryde is more
tolerant of Indians than the majority of English people. He and Fielding get along well, as could
be expected. When McBryde divorces his wife after having an affair with Miss Derek at
Chandrapore, he rejects the English's group mentality.
 Other character
Major Callendar
Dr. Aziz's boss, the civil surgeon in Chandrapore. Major Callendar is an arrogant,
vicious, intolerable, and foolish guy.
Professor Godbole
A Hindu Brahman professor at Fielding's college. Godbole is deeply spiritual and avoids
interfering in the affairs of others.
Hamidullah
Friend and uncle of Dr. Aziz. The Cambridge-educated Hamidullah thinks that England is a
more likely place for English and Indian friendships than India is. Before Fielding and Aziz met,
Fielding had a strong friendship with Hamidullah.
 Other character
Mahmoud Ali
A lawyer friend of Dr. Aziz who is deeply pessimistic about the English.
The Nawab Bahadur
The leading loyalist in Chandrapore. The Nawab Bahadur is wealthy, generous, and faithful
to the English. After Aziz’s trial, however, he gives up his title in protest.
Dr. Panna Lal
A rival of Aziz who is a low-born Hindu doctor. Dr. Panna Lal wants to testify against Aziz at
the trial, but once Aziz is released, he begs for forgiveness.
 Other character
Stella Moore
Mrs. Moore’s daughter from her second marriage. Stella marries Fielding at the end of the
novel.
Ralph Moore
Mrs. Moore’s son from her second marriage, a sensitive young man.
Miss Derek
Miss Derek, an easygoing Englishwoman with a fine sense of humor, steals a car from a wealthy
Indian family in Chandrapore, causing a hatred among the English.
Amritrao
The lawyer who defends Aziz at his trial. Amritrao is a highly anti‑British man.
 PLOT:
·Two englishwomen, the young Miss Adela Quested and the elderly Mrs. Moore, travel to
India.
·Adela expects to become engaged to Mrs. Moore's son, Ronny, a British magistrate in the
Indian city of Chandrapore.
·At the same time, Aziz, a young Muslim doctor in India, is increasingly frustrated by the poor
treatment he receives at the hands of the English.
·Aziz and two of his educated friends, Hamidullah and Mahmoud Ali, hold a lively
conversation about whether or not an Indian can be friends with an Englishman in India.
·At the event, which proves to be rather awkward, Adela meets Cyril Fielding, the principal of
the government college in Chandrapore.
·Fielding, impressed with Adela's open friendliness to the Indians, invites her and Mrs. Moore
to tea with him and the Hindu professor Godbole.
·Later that evening, Adela tells Ronny that she has decided not to marry him.
·But that night, the two are in a car accident together, and the excitement of the event
causes Adela to change her mind about the marriage.
·Aziz, Adela, and a guide go on to the higher caves while Mrs. Moore waits below.
·Adela, suddenly realizing that she does not love Ronny, asks Aziz whether he has more than
one wife—a question he considers offensive.
·Aziz storms off into a cave, and when he returns, Adela is gone.
·Back in Chandrapore, however, Aziz is unexpectedly arrested.
·He is charged with attempting to rape Adela Quested while she was in the caves, a charge
based on a claim Adela herself has made.
·Fielding, believing Aziz to be innocent, angers all of British India by joining the Indians in
Aziz's defense.
·In the weeks before the trial, the racial tensions between the Indians and the English flare up
considerably.
·Mrs. Moore is distracted and miserable because of her memory of the echo in the cave and
because of her impatience with the upcoming trial.
·Ronny is fed up with Mrs. Moore's lack of support for Adela, and it is agreed that Mrs. Moore
will return to England earlier than planned.
·At Aziz's trial, Adela, under oath, is questioned about what happened in the caves.
·Shockingly, she declares that she has made a mistake: Aziz is not the person or thing that
attacked her in the cave.
·Aziz is set free, and Fielding escorts Adela to the Government College, where she spends the
next several weeks.
·Aziz, however, is angry that Fielding would befriend Adela after she nearly ruined Aziz's life,
and the friendship between the two men suffers as a consequence.
·Then Fielding sails for a visit to England.
··Aziz declares that he is done with the English and that he intends to move to a place where
he will not have to encounter them.
·Two years later, Aziz has become the chief doctor to the Rajah of Mau, a Hindu region
several hundred miles from Chandrapore.
·He has heard that Fielding married Adela shortly after returning to England.
·Aziz now virulently hates all English people.
·One day, walking through an old temple with his three children, he encounters Fielding and
his brother‑in‑law.
·Aziz is surprised to learn that the brother-in-law's name is Ralph Moore; it turns out that
Fielding married not Adela Quested, but Stella Moore, Mrs. Moore's daughter from her
second marriage.
·Aziz befriends Ralph.
·After he accidentally runs his rowboat into Fielding's, Aziz renews his friendship with Fielding
as well.
·The two men go for a final ride together before Fielding leaves, during which Aziz tells
Fielding that once the English are out of India, the two will be able to be friends.
·Fielding asks why they cannot be friends now, when they both want to be, but the sky and
the earth seem to say "No, not yet. . . .
 Themes
The Difficulty of English-Indian Friendship
Two English women, Miss Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore, travel to India to see the real India instead of the
cultural institutions imported by the British. Aziz, a young Muslim doctor in India, is frustrated by the poor
treatment he receives from the English. They become friends and attend a party hosted by Mr. Turton, where Adela
meets Cyril Fielding, the principal of the government college in Chandrapore. However, they are interrupted by
Ronny Heaslop, and Adela decides not to marry him. Aziz organizes an expedition to the Marabar Caves, where he is
arrested and charged with attempting to rape Adela Quested. Fielding, believing Aziz to be innocent, angers British
India and causes racial tensions to flare up. Adela dies on the voyage back to England, realizing that there is no "real
India" but a complex multitude of different Indias. Aziz becomes the chief doctor to the Rajah of Mau and hates all
English people.
 Themes
Unity
A Passage to India explores the theme of Hinduism, with the ideal of all living things united in love as one.
Forster, a Christian, portrays this as a redemption through mysticism, focusing on higher spiritual matters.
However, the vision can be terrifying, as seen in Mrs. Moore's experience with the echo negating everything.

British colonial governments' incompetence

A Passage to India is a symbolic text that portrays the attitudes of British colonial officials in India,
focusing on English women's racism and self-righteousness. Despite criticism, Forster maintains the British
Empire's right to rule India.
 Symbol
The Marabar Caves
The Marabar Caves symbolize alien nature, evoking emptiness and a sense of
emptiness. They challenge visitors like Mrs. Moore and Adela, revealing hidden
aspects of themselves and the universe, and reducing utterances to a single
sound.

The Green Bird

In Chapter VII, Adela and Ronny come across a green bird that stands in for
both India's enigmatic nature and the friction between English and Indians. The
bird serves as a reminder of the English concern with facts and names, in
contrast to the Indian valuing of sensitivity and feelings.
 Symbol
The Wasp
The wasp appears multiple times in A Passage to India, the wasp is a symbol as
the lowest creature in Hinduism's universal unity vision, symbolizes the
boundaries of Hindu vision and the potential for Indian togetherness.
 SDGs
SDG 10
There is inequality of each individuals
across 2 countries, Britain and India
Dr. Aziz's life was filled with difficulties.
The English humiliated him time and
again. The English saw themselves as
superior, and the Indians as inferior.
 Connection to other works
While “A Passage To India” is not directly connected to Forster’s other work, but
Forster's work is unique for the fact that his protagonists' tribulations in each of his
novels are neither weighty nor melancholy. Forster's style is light, often gently amusing,
and ironic.

Social Issues
Forster, an Englishman, gained a vivid understanding of India from his tutor Syed Ross Masood.
By 1912, he was well-prepared for his travels, despite the British government's complete control
over the country. Forster felt sympathetic towards the Indians, as they faced racial oppression
and cultural misunderstandings. He became a lifelong advocate for tolerance and
understanding among different social classes, races, and backgrounds.
 Main message that relates to the title
The title of the book is inspired by Walt Whitman's poem "Passage to India," where Whitman
talks about the spiritual journey a person must go through to encounter the ultimate truth. In
E.M. Forster's "A Passage to India," he also delves into a similar idea. The "passage" in his story
refers to the journey to India, which is a quest for truth and a deeper understanding of reality.

Conclusion
Because of the friendship between Indians and British, the collision of cultures between Hindus and
Muslims, and the two groups' various religions, a line from E.M. Forster's To India suits the theme of
realism. E.M. Forster does an excellent job of showing how Indians, British, and Muslims interact,
live, and believe in India.
 Facts about the novel
He began writing A Passage to India in 1913, which was revised and completed
in 1924. The novel, acclaimed as Forster's masterpiece, is a traditional social
and political novel, focusing on representing the chaos of modern human
experience through imagery and form, Forster’s novel is similar to modernist
works of the same time period, such as James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922) and
Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway (1925).
And the novel is adapted into a movie “A Passage To India” , Director David
Lean’s 1984 adaptation of A Passage to India received numerous Academy
Award nominations and wins.
Thank You