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1. What is hardwood and softwood?

Give three examples of each locally available in


Nigeria.

2. A client has a budget of 1.5 million Naira for a roofing project, he intends to use
mahogany to roof his 143m2 building with a pitch of 45 degrees. Using mahogany for
this roofing project is not visible what other wood would you advise your client to use
and why? Let your client know the merits and demerits of using this wood because his
well aware of mahogany.

3. List 5 uses of plastics in building construction, 2 uses in road construction and 1 use in
bridge construction also name one bridge in the world that is completely built from
plastic

4. What is bitumen? Give at least 6 uses of bitumen in civil engineering construction. List 5
laboratory test carried out to determine the properties of bitumen.

5. What is the most commonly used grade of bitumen in Nigeria?

6. What is the constituent of asphaltic concrete?

7. What is tar? Outline the differences between tar and bitumen?

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