TEST 1

I. LISTENING

Part 1:
C B C B D

Part 2:

T F T F T

Part 3:

extra- terrestrials / alien beings

yellow- red

all types of people

ball lightning / marsh gas / comets / northern lights /

aircraft / planes / rockets

weak

Part 4:
tap- and- go behind the curve
antenna ether
spending spree wearable tech
terminal small- valued goods
biometric technology authenticate

TAPESCRIPT for LISTENING PART

Part 1: (Succeed in Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE))
M1: Joining me today to discuss the government’s latest college fees hike are Professor
Max Mantle from Cambridge University and Pauline O’Boyle, head of The Student’s
Union at Brighton University. So Pauline, what’s your take on this latest development?
F1: Well, needless to say, Jeff, I am always disappointed to learn of fee increase; I mean,
a third- level education is already beyond the financial means of many, so further
increments are just going to exclude more and more would- be college- goers and see
them driven to the margins. That said, I think my overwhelming feeling today, strange as
it may so, is a sense of relief. After all, the rumour mill has been rife with talk of an
imminent hike for months now, and the figures being bandied about were generally far
higher than what has actually been announced, so, in one sense, knowing that it could
have been worse, and rather expecting it to be, I am not as upset as I might have been.
M1: And you, Professor Mantle, what do you make of this latest announcement?
M2: Well, while I sympathise with Pauline and what she represents, I cannot but express
my satisfaction with the news; after all, what number of the public fail to understand is
that universities rely on fee for funding. Government grants to third- level institution are
not what they once were. So. The big question is, who is going to pick up the shortfall if
not the students themselves? If our universities are to remain world- class institutions
then we must invest in them and they must have the financial wherewithal to continue to
sponsor research and development, learn and enjoy cutting- edge teaching methods, and
equip their facilities with the most up-to-date technology. This is essential, otherwise we
will become a laughing stock and fall well behind our foreign peers.
F1: Heartfelt through I’m sure your sympathy is Max- please, you have been one of the
harshest critics of the unionization of students for years and perhaps the biggest
proponent of a rise in university fees in academia- I am going to say to you this, and I
want you to look me in the eye when you answer, if you can: Can a child from, for
argument’s sake, Croydon, living in a council house, whose mother works at the local
grocer’s and whose father draws the dole afford to pay £8,507 a year to go to university-
and that is before taking into account accommodation and day-to-day expenses, so add
on another £5,000 to that if you want to arrive at the real sum? If, by some flute, this
child, educated at a state comprehensive, somehow manages, through sheer hard work
and determination, to get the
grades he needs to go into higher education, are you going to tell me that the system, in
its current forms, will support him?
M2: Indeed I will look you in the eye, Pauline, and I would ask you to stop being so
populist and dramatic. If this young man or woman has done what you said, you can bet
there are mechanism in place, and by that I mean forms of financial assistance like grant
aid etc.., to ensure that he or she will most definitely get to pursue further study-
unquestionably, and that is the end of the matter.
F1: Really Max, did you come down with the last shower? Are you honestly going to
stand there and pretend that the system is so when it is patently clear that both of us
know it is not? Grants, scholarships and so forth are, by and large, grade dependent, and
everyone knows that grammar and private schools get the best grades and thus, unfairly,
have a monopoly on this form of assurance, despite the fact that the very students who go
to grammar and private schools are the ones least in need of our support.
M2: I appreciate it’s an imperfect system, but there is also the university loan facility as
a last support.
F1: So you would have this impoverished student further saddle himself and his family
with debt, would you?
M2: Pauline, we live in the real world , and in the real world, money doesn’t grow on
trees; how on earth do you expect us to finance universities then with all your airy- fairy
nonsense about injustice? If fees don’t go up, we might just as well try to pluck the
money out of thin air, and, what’s more, the standard of education and the quality of our
graduates will nosedive. Is that what you want?
F1: no. what I want is for universities to bear some of the responsibility by themselves.
You guys are like a broken record with your pleas for more state funding and higher fees,
ever thought perhaps about putting your house in order first before running to the
government with your begging bowl? I mean, universities in this country are infamously
bureaucratic and inefficiently run. Lecturers are on these exorbitant salaries, have
amazing conditions of employment and are virtually ‘unfireable’ – which is hardly
providing them with any incentive to offer value for money now, right?
M2: Ehem. The vast majority of university lecturers do an excellent job. True, salaries
and terms of employment do need to be reviewed, and the process of doing so has
already begun, but we need funding in the region of billions per annum and slicing a
thousand or two off lecturers’ per annum fees isn’t going to make a blind bit of
difference I can assure you.
M1: okay, thank you Max- and Pauline. Fascinating stuff so far; we’re just going to
pause for a quick commercial break.

Part 2:
LACK OF SLEEP LINKED TO GAIN WEIGHT

I'm Gwen Outen with the VOA Special English health report..

There are new findings that not enough sleep may cause people to gain weight.
Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of
hunger.

In one study, researchers in the United States examined information on more than one
thousand people. The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders.

Some people slept less than five hours a night. They had fifteen percent higher blood
levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours. And they had
fifteen percent less of the hormone leptin. Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel
hungry; leptin makes you feel full.

The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western
societies. They note the combination that sleep restriction is common and food is widely
available.

The results were not affected by how much people exercised. People who are awake
longer have more time to burn energy. But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase
hunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight.
Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did
the study. They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is seven-point-
seven hours a night.

The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine. Internet
users can read the full study, free of charge, at plos.org.

Researchers at the University of Chicago did a smaller study, reported in the Annals of
Internal Medicine. They found that people who slept just four hours a night for two
nights had an eighteen percent reduction in leptin. And they had a twenty-eight percent
increase in ghrelin. The young men in that study also appeared to want more sweet and
starchy foods.

Researchers from Columbia University in New York did a third study. They reported the
findings at a meeting of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity.

They found that people who got less than four hours of sleep a night were seventy-three
percent more likely to be overweight. This was compared to people with seven to nine
hours of sleep. The researchers say that for survival, the body may be designed to store
more fat during times with less sleep.

Part 3:
travel around the universe in Flying Saucers. The non-believers are sure that the only form
of life exists here on Earth, and that any UFO sightings can be scientifically explained as
purely terrestrial phenomena. So let's take the believers first, and see what evidence they
have to support their belief.

For many years, there have been reports of strange flying objects, and in 1947. the
name of Unidentified Flying Objects, or UFOS, was given to these phenomena.

Many of the reports of UFOs have a curious similarity: the objects are generally
described as disc- or cigar-shaped. In daylight, they appear silvery, often luminous or
surrounded by an aura; at night, they have the appearance of bright lights, open yellow-
red in colour. They are said to travel at high speed and accelerate rapidly - frequently
disappearing suddenly. A sotind described as a low hum or swish has been heard when
the UFOs appear, and they sometimes stop and hover or rptate over certain spots as
though observing something.

These reports have come from all types of people: policemen, farmers, walkers,
aircraft pilots, children, housewives, in fact, no one class can be selected as being
particuloly suscep- tible to sightings. Perhaps, though, the most convincing evidence has
come from the airmaft pilots whose visual sightings have been supported by radar
traNng. Most radar operators have compared the UFOs on their radar screens to large
aircraft, though they have an unexpected manner of simply vanishing, unlike a
normalaircraft. Certain photographic evidence of UFOS has also been produced,
although many of the prints are unclear or blurred.

But the most astonishing reports have been of close encounters with UFOs. Dr. Hynek,
director of the Centre for UFO Studies in Iflinois, USA, has classified these ericounters
as’ of three kinds. A close encounter of the first kind is when a witness reports seeing a
UFO within a fa hundred metres — often when
it has landed on the ground. A close encounter of the second kind is when the UFO has
left a physical trace, such as an indentation or scorching of the ground, a btirnt area of
vegetation or broken telephone wifes or tree branches A close encounter of be third kind
is when people report actual contact with alien beings; here, thy descriptions vary widely
from reports of normal-looking humps, generally wearin unusual,. clothes or speaking
a strange language,’ to those little green men with four IQ: This.third kind: of encounter is
the most difficult to believe in, although many of the’witnessfi appear to be sensible men
and women not given to lying. '

From all the different kinds Of repoft, there syems to emerge a general pattern of UFOs.
Part 4: bbclearningenglish.com

Alice
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…

Neil
… and I’m Neil. Alice, have you got two pounds? I forgot my wallet and I need a coffee.
I’ve only got these pennies.

Alice
Sorry – I always use my bankcard in the cafeteria.

Neil
You use a card to buy coffee?
Alice
Yes. It’s a tap-and-go card so it’s quick – you don’t enter a pin number – and everyone in
the coffee queue uses them… except you. And today’s show is about how we pay for
things.

Neil
Well, I pay for things with money!

Alice
There are different kinds of money. You’re behind the curve, digging around in your
pockets for change, Neil. Do you still use cheques too?

Neil
Yes, I do. Cheques are very useful. Now, being behind the curve means not keeping up
with current trends. So help me keep up, Alice. What’s a tap-and-go card? I thought you
were talking about your regular bankcard.

Alice
Well, tap-and-go cards are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip and antenna. The
card reader sends out a radio frequency and when you bring the card close to the reader,
the antenna picks up the signal to make the payment.

Neil
Hmm. This antenna business doesn’t sound secure – an antenna is used for sending or
receiving radio signals. Doesn’t it mean your personal data is flying around in the ether
for anyone to steal?

Alice
In this context, ether means the air where electronic communication happens. And
nothing’s flying around, Peter Pan! At less than half a second per transaction, there’s no
time for anyone to steal your cash!

Neil
I’m still concerned about tap-and-go. What if someone steals my card?

Alice
Each contactless payment is limited to a certain amount – the UK’s limit is £30. After
you’ve used your card a few times in a row, you have to enter your PIN. And if a thief
does go on a spending spree with your card, your bank covers you against fraud.
Whereas, if someone steals your banknotes, that’s your bad luck!
Neil
OK, good points. Fraud means getting money by cheating people. And a spending spree is
a short period of time where you do a lot of shopping. Are you a big spender, Alice?

Alice
Not with my tap-and-go, Neil. How about you and your cheque book?

Neil
No comment.

Alice
Moving on. If getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble there’s now a
solution with wearable tech– that’s clothing and accessories that include computer and
electronic technologies. Let’s hear what Kenneth Cukier, a technology expert, has to say.

INSERT
Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert

You can simply take any wireless card and the chip from it that your bank might issue
you with, and you can put it into the coat and then when you want to make a payment
you just simply wave your arm in front of the terminal and leave with your latte. This is
intended for people who are incredibly lazy who don’t want to take their card out of their
wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more
purchases more of the time – particularly for small-valued goods.

Neil
What Kenneth Cukier said is very interesting. That sounds tempting but I’m still
concerned about how safe this all is. What if I wave my arm around and make a payment
by mistake?

Alice
The chip has to get very close to the card reader to make a payment so that’s not likely to
happen. Now companies are creating new biometric technology – which you might like
Neil – because it combines payment and security technology. Let’s hear more from the
BBC reporter Kate Russell.

INSERT
Kate Russell, BBC reporter

For those times when not even carrying a phone is convenient – at the beach or a festival
for example – the fingo -pay system reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of
your finger. The trick is remembering which finger you registered with.
Alice
This high-tech stuff reporter Kate Russell is talking about is amazing! Some day soon we
won’t have to carry a wallet or a purse or anything. The veins in our finger will
authenticate payments – and prove the payments are ours. I can’t wait!

Neil
Well, that’s the end of this edition of 6 Minute English. Get ahead of the curve, and join
us again soon. Meanwhile, visit our website: bbclearningenglish.com, where you’ll find
guides to grammar, exercises, videos and articles to read and improve your English.

Both
Bye.

II. LEXXIO-GRAMMAR

Part 1.

1. After losing the secret files of the company, Henry was soon .

A out of the woods B in tatters

C out his ear D in earshot

be out on your ear = to be forced to leave a job or place, especially because you have
done something wrong

in tatters =in a torn and ragged condition =bị phá hủy; bị đổ vỡ

be out of the woods=to no longer be in danger or difficulty

in earshot =Close enough to clearly hear what someone says or does.

2. In my opinion, people are getting their shorts in a over this election.

A screw B. knot C. tangle D. cluster

Get one’s shorts in a knot:buồn,kích động vì chuyện lặt vặt

3.The disrespectful attitude of the president towards women has among the
country’s female population.

A pushed the envelope B raised hackles

C popped the cherry D screwed the pooch

raise sb’s hackles = to greatly irritate, annoy, or aggravate one

Pop the cherry" = vỡ quả anh đào -> nghĩa là lần đầu làm tình; như "hái hoa, bẻ cành",
"ăn trái cấm" đó các bạn.

push the envelope = to behave in more extreme ways, or to try new things that have not
been acceptable or tried before

"Screw the pooch" có screw (up) là xử lý một tình thế rất kém -> nghĩa là gây ra lỗi lầm
lớn, làm hỏng việc.

4.It is no surprise that this story has in our office after Daisy was told about
it.

A given a buzz B ridden high

C done the rounds D rung the bell

go/do the rounds = go from one person/place to another

ring the bell = nghe có vẻ quen thuộc

be riding high=to be very successful

Give (one) a buzz" -> nghĩa là làm cho người khác cảm thấy phê, phấn khích. Nghĩa
khác là gọi điện thoại.

5.You can tell her to stop smoking until you are in the face, but she won’t

change her habit.

A red B grey C white D blue

until you are blue in the face = If you say or shout something until you are blue in the
face, you are wasting your efforts because you will get no results

6. Many expected the new tech company to fold straight away, but it's been able to
keep going stride for against the major competitors.

A. tramp B. stalk C. stride D. march

(Match someone) stride for stride: làm tốt như người còn lại (về mọi mặt như kỹ năng,
tốc độ...)

7.The immigrants from this country will not be given the right of in
Britain when the new legislation comes into force.

A abode B abbess C baptism D lodging

Having right of abode means you're allowed to live or work in a country without any
immigration restrictions

8.Not only my family but seemingly everybody tends to their

spending during this period of economic recession.

A trim in B drag down C rein in D belt up

Rein in = bắt đầu kiểm soát ai/ cái gì chặt chẽ, nghiêm khắc

drag sth down =to make something decrease or get worse

belt up =used to tell someone to stop talking or making a noise

9.When someone brings up politics at a party, a casual conversation can quickly

into an ugly argument.

A warp B coerce C wring D morph

morph [+into] (v) = to change, or make somebody/something change, into something

different

10.Many people who have lost their jobs during the pandemic are starting to-

A feel the pinch B feel up to the mark

C live in clover D taste salt

feel the pinch = to not have enough money

live/be in clover = to enjoy a life of money and comfort

Up to the mark" -> nghĩa là đạt yêu cầu, tiêu chuẩn hoặc kỳ vọng (đạt điểm chuẩn).
11.The Prime Minister’s attempt to bring in new legislation was met by a

of criticism from the public.

A sleet B hail C clash D bind

hail (n) = a large number or amount of something that is aimed at somebody in order to
harm them

12. The success of our project hinges Mike’s ability persuade the locals to
move to the renewal quarter.

A. in B. on C. about D. over

hinge on/upon sth=If one thing hinges on another, the first thing depends on the second
thing or is very influenced by it

13.The President has gotten used to being by his political opponents

whenever a new policy is proposed.

A blasted off B ripped off C zonked out D sniped at

snipe at = chỉ trích ai / điều gì

14.I have every right to at unfair, and possibly illogical, situations —

most because of the decisions of higher-ups.

A rack and ruin B hem and haw C rant and rave D wax and wane

rant and rave = = to show that you are ang to show that you are angry by shouting or
complaining loudly

hem and haw =to be uncertain and take a long time deciding something

Wax and wane" -> nghĩa là tăng rồi giảm, giảm rồi tăng; thăng trầm, thịnh suy

to go to rack and ruin =tiêu tan thành mây khói, tiêu tan sự nghiệp

15.I can’t see why the teacher compliments Harry so much, his performance

is basically nothing to home about!

A write B call C go D tell

nothing to write home about = nothing speci nothing to write home about = nothing
specialal
Part 2.
1. CONTEXTUALIZE (v) = to consider something in relation to the situation in which
it happens or exists
2. TOP-HEAVY(adj)= havingtoomanyseniorstaffcomparedtothenumberof workers
3 LOW-GRADE (adj) = of lowquality
4 OVERTHINK (v) = to think about sth too much in a way that is not useful
5PROOFREADING(n)=the processof findingand correcting mistakesin text before it is
printed or put online
Part 3.

1. made -> makes a discovery = they become aware of something that they did
not know about before.

2. at -> at birth of = the time when a baby or young animal comes out of its
mother's body

3. well -> as well as

4. are -> (the) odds are (that) =It is very likely or probable that (something is the
case or will happen).

5. although/ while= mặc dù / trong khi

6. that -> That có nghĩa là “cái đó” Nó dùng với of để chỉ một thứ đã nhắc đến ở
phía trước, nhưng mà là của cái khác hoặc người khác.

7. to -> similar to = tương tự

8. came -> come to light = phơi bày, lộ ra

9. neither -> in neither of= không cái gì trong số chúng

10. for -> call for sth =to need or deserve a particular action, remark, or
quality//to demand that something happens:
III. READING

Part 1.
1. Not Given

EX: Việc một lỗi sai nổi tiếng đã đặt nền móng cho cuốn sách của Truss là thông tin
không được đề cập đến trong bài. Trong bài đọc có dữ kiện sau: “The title of Eats,
Shoots and Leaves refers to a famously misplaced comma in a wildlife manual that
ended up suggesting a panda rather violently “eats, shoots and leaves” instead of
eating shoots and leaves.” có thể gây nhầm lẫn rằng nội dung câu 1 là đúng. Tuy
nhiên, tác giả bài viết chỉ đề cập đến việc tiêu đề của cuốn sách ám chỉ đến lỗi nhầm
dấu phẩy này, không nói gì đến việc lỗi đó có liên quan như thế nào đến việc Truss
viết sách và nội dung cuốn sách.

2. Not Given

EX: Mối liên quan, quan hệ hỗ trợ giữa nét hài hước (humour) và sự truyền tải những
thông điệp sâu xa (the delivery of subliminal messages) không được tác giả bài viết
đề cập. Dữ kiện sau đây có thể gây nhầm lẫn: “Eats, Shoots and Leaves is not just a
piece of comedy and ridicule, however, and Truss has plenty to offer on the question
of grammar usage.” Tuy nhiên, nội dung đoạn thông tin này chỉ nhắc đến hai khía
cạnh biệt lập: “comedy and ridicule” và “grammar usage” trong cuốn sách của Truss
mà thôi.

3. True

EX; Dẫn chứng nằm ở dữ kiện sau: “Truss is a personal champion of the semicolon, a
historically contentious punctuation mark elsewhere maligned by novelist Kurt
Vonnegut Jr., as a “transvestite hermaphrodite representing absolutely nothing”. Có
thể thấy, Truss ủng hộ dấu chấm phẩy, trong khi tiểu thuyết gia Kurt Vonnegut Jr. lại
miêu tả dấu chấm phẩy chẳng biểu hiện được điều gì cả.

4. True

EX; Dẫn chứng nằm ở dữ kiện sau: “Ultimately, he holds Truss accused of producing
a book that pleases those who “just need to vent'' and concludes that Eats, Shoots and
Leaves is actually a tirade against the decline of language and print that disguises
itself, thinly and poorly, as some kind of a style manual.” Có thể thấy, theo như người
phản đối thì cuốn sách của Truss đã không thực hiện đúng vai trò của nó.

5. False

EX Dẫn chứng nằm ở dữ kiện sau: “Zero tolerance does not allow for flexibility," he
argues. “It is prescriptivism taken to extremes. It suggests that language is in a state
where all the rules are established with 100 per cent certainty. The suggestion is false.
We do not know what all the rules of punctuation are. And no rule of punctuation is
followed by all of the people all of the time."

6. True

EX: Dẫn chứng nằm ở dữ kiện sau: “Nevertheless, all the regulations in the world
cannot stem the natural spring of language, which bursts through rivets and snakes
around the dams that linguistic authorities may try to put in place.” Có thể thấy, sự
phát triển của ngôn ngữ vẫn diễn ra (cannot stem the natural spring of language), dù
có bao nhiêu cản trở (dams).

7. remuneration for punctuation.

EX; Có thể thấy thông tin cho câu 7 ở câu cuối đoạn 1: “The author of this book,
journalist Lynne Truss, is something akin to a militant linguist, dedicating this “zero
tolerance” manifesto on grammar to the striking Bolshevik printers of St. Petersburg
who, in demanding the same remuneration for punctuation as they received for letters,
ended up setting in motion the first Russian Revolution.”

8. street and shop signs.

EX: Có thể thấy thông tin cho câu 8 ở đầu đoạn 2: “Street and shop signs have a
ubiquitous presence.”

9. postmodern caricature of atrocious punctuation.

EX: Có thể thấy thông tin cho câu 9 ở cuối đoạn 2: “and sometimes, as in the case of
signs promoting “ANTIQUE’S” and “Potatoe’s”—one questions whether we are
bearing witness to new depths of grammar ignorance, or a postmodern caricature of
atrocious punctuation.”

10. a punctuation autocrat.

EX; Có thể thấy thông tin cho câu 10 ở đầu đoạn 4: “Truss has come under criticism
on two broad points. The first argument criticises the legitimacy of her authority as a
punctuation autocrat.”

11. linguistic purism.

EX: Có thể thấy thông tin cho câu 11 ở đầu đoạn 5: “Linguist David Chrystal has
criticised what he describes as a “linguistic purism" coursing through Truss’ book.”

12. a dogmatic approach.

EX: Thông tin cho câu 12 ở câu thứ hai và ba từ cuối lên đoạn 6: “[Bad] writing
needs to be fixed. But let’s make sure we fix the right things." In other words, we do
not require a dogmatic approach to clean up misused language.”

13. contentious harmony.

EX: Thông tin cho câu 13 ở đầu đoạn cuối cùng: “Ultimately, it is unlikely the purists
and pedagogues will ever make absolute peace with those who see language as a
fluid, creative process within which everyone has a role to play. Both sides can learn
to live in a sort of contentious harmony, however.”

Part 2.
14. Nhìn chung, New York dường như là một thành phố:
A. nơi những người nhập cư có thể trúng số độc đắc và thay đổi hoàn toàn cuộc sống
của họ.
B. nơi ở là một vấn đề hóc búa đối với những người mới định cư.
C. nơi có điều kiện sống khắc nghiệt đến nỗi những người định cư có thể không tồn
tại được.
D. nơi có mất mát và được lợi cho người nhập cư.
CLUE: D. Ở trong bài đọc, tác giả nhắc đến nhiều cái được và mất của người nhập
cư: được hưởng một cuộc sống mới, có cái tên mới, được tự do hơn trong trang phục
và phong cách, có cảm giác được tiếp thêm động lực để làm giàu, được tiếp cận với
nhiều món đồ “xa xỉ”; nhưng họ cũng vẫn phải chịu hoàn cảnh sống khó khăn, đói
khổ, tiền bạc chi phối danh tính và thân phận con người và sự ồn ào vô cùng khó chịu
của thành phố New York. Từ đó ta chọn D. Phương án A có thể gây nhầm lẫn do
thông tin cuối đoạn 6: “a lucky break... leading”, tuy nhiên chưa đủ căn cứ để nói
rằng việc kiếm bộn tiền rất dễ dàng ở New York. Phương án B không hợp lí vì thông
tin ở đoạn 2 cho thấy một nơi cư trú có thể tồi tàn nhưng không phải vấn đề nan giải.
Phương án C không hợp lí vì trong bài không tập trung miêu tả điều kiện sống ở đây
khắc nghiệt như thế nào.
15. Điều nào sau đây thể hiện rõ nhất hành động của người nhập cư khi đến New York?
A. Họ băn khoăn về việc họ sẽ ở đâu trong điểm đến mới.
B. Họ mệt mỏi và thở nặng nhọc.
C. Họ đổ lỗi cho người thân của họ vì đã đánh giá thấp New York.
D. Họ bị đe dọa và ngay lập tức khao khát được quay trở lại.
CLUE: A. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án A nằm ở câu cuối đoạn 1: “So you looked
out, numbed by the gigantism of the city, asking the immigrant’s single overriding
question: is there really a place there for me?” Từ thông tin này, ta suy ra được rằng
những người nhập cư hỏi có một câu hỏi lớn, đeo bám trong họ: thực sự ở thành phố
này, mình sẽ ở đâu, có nơi nào cho mình không? Từ đó ta chọn A. Phương án B chưa
hợp lí vì thông tin
“breathed heavily” không được đề cập, ngoài ra nội dung phương án B nghiêng về
trạng thái thay vì hành động của những người nhập cư. Phương án C không được đề
cập trong bài. Phương án D không hợp lí vì thông tin “immediately yearned to return”
không được đề cập.
16. Những ngôi nhà mới của người nhập cư có gì khác biệt với những ngôi nhà cũ của
họ?
A. Chúng ngang bằng với những ngôi nhà dành cho những người giàu có.
B. Họ khiến những người nhập cư phải trả giá đắt bất chấp sự nghèo đói của họ.
C. Họ ở trong một khu phố giàu có hơn.
D. Họ đã được phân biệt trong thành phố sang trọng.
CLUE: C. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án C nằm ở cuối đoạn 2, từ câu 5 trở đi: “... the
immigrants would be surrounded by symbols of extravagant wealth. royalty” Từ
thông tin này, ta suy ra được rằng điểm khác biệt của nơi ở mới cho những người
nhập cư là họ ở trong một khu vực bao quanh là sự giàu sang và những biểu tượng
của giàu sang. Từ đó ta chọn phương án C. Ba phương án còn lại đều không hợp lí vì
không có đủ căn cứ hoặc thông tin không được đề cập trong bài
17. Đoạn văn gợi ý điều gì về thành phố New York?
A. Đó là một thành phố sang trọng chỉ dành cho những người giàu tiền mặt.
B. Người nhập cư bị gạt ra ngoài lề xã hội và không tìm thấy nơi nào để ăn.
C. Không có người nhập cư nào bị tẩy chay trong xã hội.
D. Nó không mang lại hy vọng cho những người tìm kiếm khách hàng tiềm năng.
CLUE; C. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án C nằm ửo câu 4 đoạn 2, cụ thể là phần
thông tin: “ yet no building was so squalid that its tenants were entirely excluded from
the bounty of American life.” Từ dữ kiện này, ta suy ra được rằng không người nhập
cư nào bị “cho ra rìa” xã hội cả, nên ta chọn C. Phương án A không chính xác vì New
York cũng có những người nhập cư nghèo nữa. Phương án B không chính xác vì
thông tin “In New York ordinary people, wage-earners, dined out in restaurants”.
Phương án D không hợp lí vì ở đoạn 6, tác giả lí giải vì sao New York mang lại cảm
giác có động
lực để làm giàu.
18. Theo đoạn văn, điều gì là đúng về những người bình thường ở New York?
A. Họ có thể mua chỗ ở cho người nghèo với giá rẻ hơn.
B. Trang phục của họ thuộc loại cao cấp khi được đánh giá bởi một bộ thông số.
C. Họ bị bao vây bởi hàng hóa do sản xuất độc quyền sản xuất.
D. Điều kiện của họ tồi tệ hơn nhiều so với những người ở châu Âu.
CLUE: B. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án B nằm ở câu cuối đoạn 2: “... by the
standards of Europe they were dressed like royalty.” Từ dữ kiện này, ta suy ra được
theo như chuẩn châu Âu, những người nhập cư ăn mặc như thể người trong hoàng gia
vậy. Từ đó ta chọn B. Phương án A và D không chính xác vì không có thông tin trong
bài để khẳng định nội dung trong phương án là đúng. Phương án C không chính xác
vì từ dữ kiện “ luxuries made cheap by American ingenuity in the ways of mass
production”, có thể suy ra hàng hóa nhiều, sản phẩm nhiều là do sản xuất đại trà, hàng
loạt, chứ không phải sản xuất độc quyền (exclusive production).
19. Tên đã được đặt cho những người nhập cư
A. như một vấn đề của chính sách.
B. theo kiểu ngẫu nhiên.
C. vì lợi ích của sự an toàn.
D. từ bỏ danh tính cũ của họ.
CLUE: B. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án B nằm ở đoạn 3 bài đọc. Từ những thông
tin “immigration officers too busy to bother with the unpronounceable consonant
clusters in your old one”, “gold was a favourite stand-by”, ta có thể suy ra rằng những
cái tên mới được cấp ra tùy ý, không theo trật tự (sử dụng cái tên gold nếu cần, không
quan tâm cách đọc tên cũ). Các phương án còn lại không đủ căn cứ để chứng minh
20. Theo gợi ý của đoạn văn:
A. Người châu Âu được tự do kiềm chế để làm theo các phong cách.
B. Tiền là yếu tố duy nhất quyết định sự lựa chọn danh tính ở châu Âu.
C. Những người nhập cư ở New York có thể thể hiện sự duyên dáng và giàu có của họ.
D. Danh tính được đánh giá bởi một loạt các tiêu chí ở Châu Âu.
CLUE: D. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án D nằm ở đoạn 4 của bài đọc, phần thông
tin: “Every European was the product ... a pair of clogs.” Từ đoạn dữ kiện này, có thể
suy
ra ở châu Âu, danh tính của một người được quyết định bằng nhiều yếu tố, nên ta chọn
D. Phương án A không chính xác vì “you couldn’t dress up as an aristocrat simply
because you liked the look of the noble’s style.” Phương án B không chính xác (xem
giải thích phương án D). Phương án C không hợp lí vì phần thông tin “so-called
wealth” không được đề cập, trong bài chỉ có dữ kiện “... you could still parade as a
suave, fashion- conscious New Yorker”.
21. Nhà văn gợi ý rằng ước mơ đạt được sự giàu có:
A. được nuôi dưỡng bởi hoàn cảnh xã hội độc đáo của New York.
B. sớm bị bỏ rơi khi những người nhập cư đã được định cư.
C. chỉ khả thi bằng cách bóc lột đồng bào.
D. không phù hợp với thực tế của nơi làm việc.
CLUE: A. Dẫn chứng cho câu 9 nằm ở đoạn 6. Từ các thông tin mang tính gợi ý như
“The windows ... brocade”, “Success in this city was tangible and proximate; it was
all around you, and even the poorest could smell it in the wind...”, ta có thể suy rằng
hoàn cảnh xã hội, bối cảnh ở New York khiến cho người dân cảm nhận được sự hiện
diện như hữu hình của thành công, và cố gắng để làm giàu: “hard work... a lucky
break... dreamed of leading”. Nhìn chung, đoạn 6 cho thấy New York mang lại cảm
giác như thể là với nỗ lực và may mắn, một người có thể sở hữu những gì mình từng
ao ước, mong muốn có được nên ta chọn A. Các phương án còn lại không đủ căn cứ
để chứng minh.
22. Người viết gợi ý rằng việc sắp xếp căn hộ là khả thi vì
A. chủ nhân của căn hộ là một người bạn của anh ta.
B. anh ta đã liên hệ với chủ sở hữu trước khi thực hiện việc sắp xếp.
C. chủ nhà không hề biết về nó.
D. họ khuyên người gác cửa chấp nhận sự sắp xếp.
CLUE: C. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án C nằm ở đầu đoạn cuối của bài đọc:
“Alice’s apartment, which I would be sub-renting – courtesy of a brown envelope and
the doorman’s blind eye,...” Ở dữ kiện này, chúng ta có thể thấy rằng nhờ “chiếc
phong bì màu nâu” như một cách “hối lộ” cho người canh gác cửa, Alice đã được
thuê căn chung cư này mà không thông qua chủ nhân của nó. Người chủ không biết
đến sự việc này. Do vậy, phương án C là phương án chính xác. Phương án A và B
không được đề cập đến trong bài đọc, còn phương án D không chính xác vì người bảo
vệ biết nhưng đã tảng lờ đi (blind eye), nên không thể nói rằng họ đã lừa dối người
bảo vệ được.
23. Theo người viết, những người sống ở New York:
 A. tồn tại bằng cách có được các cách để bỏ qua những gì đang xảy ra.
B. chỉ đối phó bằng cách cho phép bản thân không có thời gian để suy nghĩ.
C. cảm thấy bị đe dọa và ngột ngạt trong thành phố.
D. tất cả đều bị mắc kẹt trong hoạt động vội vã.

CLUE: A. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án A nằm ở câu thứ 2 từ cuối lên của bài đọc:
“If you were going to learn to live here, you'd have to tune out the sound of New
York and set up house in the silent bubble of your own preoccupations.” Dữ kiện này
cho thấy muốn tồn tại được ở New York, phải biết cách “bơ” đi mà sống, không để
tâm tới những ồn ào náo nhiệt bên ngoài mà tập trung vào những công việc mình cần
giải quyết. Từ đó ta chọn phương án A. Các phương án còn lại không đủ căn cứ hoặc
không được đề cập đến.
Part 3.

24 C

Each of us is a vastly complex entity, assembled from many different tissues and
capable of countless behaviours and thoughts... Trace that person back through his
or her life, back beyond birth to the moment of fertilisation of a single ovum by a
single sperm. The individual becomes ever simpler, ultimately encapsulated as
information encoded in DNA.

So, I believe, it is with the universe. We can see how very complex the universe is
now, and we are part of that complexity... Cosmology is showing us that this
complexity flowed from a deep simplicity as matter metamorphosed through a
series of phase transitions. Travel back in time through those phase transitions,
and we see an ever- greater simplicity and symmetry

25 H

Travel back in time through those phase transitions, and we see an ever-greater
simplicity and symmetry... Go back further and we reach a point when the universe
was nearly an infinitely tiny, infinitely dense concentration of energy... Go back
further still.

26 F

The existence of a singularity — in this case the given, unique state from which the
universe emerged — is anathema to science, because it is beyond explanation...
There can be no answer to why such a state existed.
 God takes over, the artificer of that singularity, that initial simplicity? The
astrophysicist Robert Jastrow described such a prospect as the scientist's
nightmare... Cosmologists have long struggled to avoid this bad dream by seeking
explanations of the universe that avoid the necessity of a beginning.

27 E

Only when Einstein saw Hubble's observations of an expanding universe could he

bring himself to believe his equations...For many proponents of the steady state
theory, one of its attractions was its provision that the universe had no beginning
and no end, and therefore required no explanation of what existed before time =
0.

28 A
Suppose the universe is a sphere of space time. Travel around the surface, and again
you may finish up where you started both in space and time... This, of course,
requires time travel, in violation of Mach's principle.

29 D

Some physicists argue that matter is ultimately reducible to pointlike objects with
certain intrinsic properties... Others argue that fundamental particles are
extraordinarily tiny strings that vibrate to produce their properties.

30 B

It is clear that the minutest variation in the value of a series of fundamental properties
of the universe would have resulted in no universe at all, or at least a very alien
universe. For instance, if the strong nuclear force had been slightly weaker, the
universe would have been composed of hydrogen only. An expansion more rapid
by one part in a million would have excluded the formation of stars and planets...
The list of cosmic coincidences required for our existence in the universe is long

Part 4.

A. Oak

Oak wood has a density of about 0.75 g/cm3, great strength and hardness, and is very
resistant to insect and fungal attack because of its high tannin content Q1. It also has
very appealing grain markings, particularly when quartersawn. Oak planking was
common on high status Viking longships in the 9th and 10th centuries. The wood was
hewn from green logs, by axe and wedge, to produce radial planks, similar to quarter-
sawn timber.
Wide, quarter-sawn boards of oak have been prized since the Middle Ages for use in
interior paneling of prestigious buildings such as the debating chamber of the House of
Commons in London, and in the construction of fine furniture. Q6 Oak wood, from
Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, was used in Europe for the construction of ships,
especially naval men of war, until the 19th century, and was the principal timber used in
the construction of European timber-framed buildings.

Today oak wood is still commonly used for furniture making and flooring, timber frame
buildings, and for veneer production. Barrels in which wines, sherry, and spirits such as
brandy, Scotch whisky and Bourbon whiskey are aged are made from European and
American oak. The use of oak in wine can add many different dimensions to wine based
on the type and style of the oak. Oak barrels, which may be charred before use,
contribute to the colour, taste, and aroma of the contents, imparting a desirable
oaky vanillin flavour to these drinks Q4. The great dilemma for wine producers is to
choose between French and American oakwoods. French oaks give the wine greater
refinement and are chosen for the best wines since they increase the price compared to
those aged in American oak wood. American oak contributes greater texture and
resistance to ageing, but produces more violent wine bouquets. Oak wood chips are used
for smoking fish, meat, cheeses and other foods.

B. Elm

Elm wood was valued for its interlocking grain, and consequent resistance to splitting,
with significant uses in wagon wheel hubs, chair seats and coffins. The elm's wood
bends well and distorts easily making it quite pliant.Q7 The often long, straight,
trunks were favoured as a source of timber for keels in ship construction. Elm is also
prized by bowyers; of the ancient bows found in Europe, a large portion of them are elm.
During the Middle Ages elm was also used to make longbows if yew was unavailable.

The first written references to elm occur in the Linear B lists of military equipment at
Knossos in the Mycenaean Period. Several of the chariots are of elm, and the lists twice
mention wheels of elmwood. Hesiod says that ploughs in Ancient Greece were also made
partly of elm.

The density of elm wood varies between species, but averages around 560 kg per cubic
metre.

Elm wood is also resistant to decay when permanently wet, and hollowed trunks
were widely used as water pipes during the medieval period in Europe. Q3 Elm was
also used as piers in the construction of the original London Bridge. However this
resistance to decay in water does not extend to ground contact.

The Romans, and more recently the Italians, used to plant elms in vineyards as supports
for vines. Lopped at three metres, the elms' quick growth, twiggy lateral branches, light
shade and root-suckering made them ideal trees for this purpose. Q9 The lopped
branches were used for fodder and firewood. Ovid in his Amores characterizes the elm as
"loving the vine", and the ancients spoke of the "marriage" between elm and vine.

C. Mahogany

Mahogany has a straight, fine and even grain, and is relatively free of voids and pockets.
Its reddish-brown color darkens over time, and displays a reddish sheen when
polished.Q10 It has excellent workability, and is very durable. Historically, the tree's
girth allowed for wide boards from traditional mahogany species. These properties make
it a favorable wood for crafting cabinets and furniture.

Much of the first-quality furniture made in the American colonies from the mid-18th
century was made of mahogany, when the wood first became available to American
craftsmen. Mahogany is still widely used for fine furniture; however, the rarity of Cuban
mahogany and over harvesting of Honduras and Brazilian mahogany has diminished
their use. Mahogany also resists wood rot, making it attractive in boat construction. It is
also often used for musical instruments, particularly the backs, sides and necks of
acoustic guitars and drum shells because of its ability to produce a very deep, warm
tone compared to other commonly used woods such as maple or birch. Guitars often
feature mahogany in their construction. Q5 Mahogany is now being used for the bodies
of high- end stereo phonographic record cartridges and for stereo headphones, where it is
noted for “warm” or “musical” sound.

D. Beech

Beech wood is an excellent firewood, easily split and burning for many hours with
bright but calm flames. Chips of beech wood are used in the brewing of Budweiser beer
as a fining agent. Q8 Beech logs are burned to dry the malts used in some German
smoked beers, giving the beers their typical flavour. Beech is also used to smoke
Westphalian ham, various sausages, and some cheeses.

The European species Fagus sylvatica yields a utility timber that is tough but
dimensionally unstable. It weighs about 720 kg per cubic metre and is widely used for
furniture framing and carcass construction, flooring and engineering purposes, in
plywood and in household items like plates, but rarely as a decorative wood.Q2 The
timber can be used to build chalets, houses and log cabins.

Beech wood is used for the stocks of military rifles when traditionally preferred woods
such as walnut are scarce or unavailable or as a lower-cost alternative.

The fruit of the beech tree is known as beechnuts or mast and is found in small burrs that
drop from the tree in autumn. It is small, roughly triangular and edible, with a bitter,
astringent taste. They have a high enough fat content that they can be pressed for edible
oil. Fresh from the tree, beech leaves are a fine salad vegetable, as sweet as a mild
cabbage
though much softer in texture. The young leaves can be steeped in gin for several weeks,
the liquor strained off and sweetened to give a light green/yellow liqueur called beech
leaf noyau.

IV. WRITING

Part 1: Read the following text and use your own words to summarize it. Your
summary should be about 140 words long. You MUST NOT copy the original. (15
points) http://www.englishdaily626.com/summary

Contents (10 points):

- The summary MUST cover the following points:

+ The topic sentence must cover: the development of trading before the appearance of
paper money

+ The earliest type: goods exchanging>> its weakness lies in the inequality of the
exchanged things and the users’ demand>>proved to be ineffective way of trading

+ The following form : the use of coins>> at first were more convenient than rational
exchanging>> later became a burden for shopper and appeal thieves

+ Checks and notes used as cash were invented among the country

+ The technological advancement enables various transacting ways namely credit and
cash cards.

- The summary MUST NOT contain personal opinions.

Language use (5 points)

The summary:

- should show attempts to convey the main ideas of the original text by means of
paraphrasing (structural and lexical use),
- should demonstrate correct use of grammatical structures, vocabulary, and mechanics
(spelling, punctuations,.. .),
- should maintain coherence, cohesion, and unity throughout (by means of linkers and
transitional devices).
 Penalties:

- A penalty of 1 point to 2 points will be given to personal opinions found in the

summary.
- A penalty of 1 point to 2 points will be given to any summary with more than 20% of
words copied from the original.
- A penalty of 1 point will be given to any summary longer than 150 words or shorter
than 130 words.

Part 2. Chart description.(15 pts) https://www.testbig.com/ielts-writing-task-i-ielts-

academic-essays

Contents (10 points):

- The report MUST have at least 2 paragraphs covering the following points:

 Introduce the charts (2 points) and state the overall trends & striking features (2 points)
 Describe main features with relevant data from the charts and make relevant
comparisons
(6 points)

- The report MUST NOT contain personal opinions. (A penalty of 1 point to 2 points
will be given to personal opinions found in the answer.)

Language use (5 points)

The report:

- should demonstrate a wide variety of lexical and grammatical structures,

- should have correct use of words (verb tenses, word forms, voice,…); and mechanics
(spelling, punctuations,.. .).

Part 3: Write an essay of about 350 words to express your opinion on the following
issue (30 pts)

Schools are no longer necessary because children can get so much information
available through the Internet, and they can study just as well at home.

What is your own opinion?

 Give reasons for your answer, and include any relevant examples from your
knowledge or experience. You may continue your writing on the back page if you
need more space

The mark given to part 3 is based on the following criteria:

1. Task achievement: (10 points)

a. ALL requirements of the task are sufficiently addressed.
b. Ideas are adequately supported and elaborated with relevant and reliable explanations,
examples, evidence, personal experience, etc.
2. Organization: (10 points)

a. Ideas are well organized and presented with coherence, cohesion, and unity.
b. The essay is well-structured:

 Introduction is presented with clear thesis statement.

 Body paragraphs are written with unity, coherence, and cohesion. Each body
paragraph must have a topic sentence and supporting details and examples when
necessary.
 Conclusion summarises the main points and offers personal opinions (prediction,
recommendation, consideration,…) on the issue.

3. Language use: (5 points)

a. Demonstration of a variety of topic-related vocabulary
b. Excellent use and control of grammatical structures
4. Punctuation, spelling, and handwriting (5 points)

a. Correct punctuation and no spelling mistakes

b. Legible handwriting

TEST 2
I. LISTENING

SECTION 1: LISTENING (50 points)

I. You will hear an interview with a British politician. For questions 1-5, choose
the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5.C

II. Listen to the conversation. Write T for True or F for False for each statement.
1T 2F 3F 4F 5F

III. You will hear a guide speaking to tourists who are visiting some Romans
remains. Listen and give short answers to the questions. Write NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording. (10
points)

1. 79/ seventy-nine

2. To establish position

3. Treasure

4. Once a year

5. Loose stones, walls

IV. Listen to a piece of news about How Japan's economy is destroying Its Youth.
WRITE NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER

phenomenon of isolation 2. the fabric 3. massive impact on

4. hire fresh 5. sexual relationships 6. puts a strain

7. Effeminate 8. influx of socially

9. Shift 10. associating

Part1 PROFICIENCY PRACTICE TEST

part 2

You will hear a guide speaking to tourists who are visiting some Romans
remains. Listen and give short answers to the questions. Write NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the
recording. (10 points)
Guide: Good morning and welcome to this morning’s guided tour of the
Roman remains in the area. We will start our day by visiting the garrison
town of Corbridge- then, this afternoon, we will be visiting part of the wall
which the Romans built to keep their enimies out of the country. The part we
are going to visit is remarkably well-preserved and it is easy to imagine what
it must have been like all those years ago.
The Romans actualy arrived in this country in the earlier part of the first
century AD, but it wasn’t until the year 79 tht they came to the Corbridge
area. They builta series of forts and strongholds so that they could estabish
their position in the whole region.
What YOU ARE GOING TO SEE THIS MORNING ARE THE RESULTS
of EXCAVATIONS WHICH HAVE taken place fairly recently. The first
early archaeological dig was as far back as 1201 and then, believe it or not,
they were looking for treasure. Unfortunately, or perhaps fortunately for us,
nothing interesting was found, so they abandoned the site and it was not until
the early nineteenth century that another and much more ambitious,
excavation was carried out.
The result was a number exciting discoveries. And in the mid-nineteenth
century , they discovered part of a Rome bridge and other structures,
inlcuding the baths and other dwellings in the town .More recently, in fact
every since 1934, digs have taken place. These have resulted in the discovery
of a large collection of scuplture, coins, potttery and small objects; and some
of these have become very famous indeed. Most of them are nore housed in
the site mueum, which we will be visiting before we visit the site itself.
Unfortunately, for security reasons, some have had to be taken to the city
museum, which you will find is about 15 miles away.
As you can see from this map, the site museum has laid out in a circle. The
first alf concentrates on the history. You will aslo find display cases of
objects which would have been in use at the time. In the second half of the
museum, each section’s related to a particular aspect of life in the town, such
as trade, domestic life and religious observance.
After isiting the museum we will be walking round the site, and we would
ask you please, to pay particular attention to any loose stones lying around
the site. And keep children off the walls, as these can be extremely
dangerous. At the end of the tour we will be paying a visit to the gift shop
 and café ,which you probably saw as you came in- near the site entrance and
the car park.
Now, if you have left hats and sunglasses in the coach. I’d advise you to go
and retrieve them now as the coach will be locked for the next few hours and
the sun is very hot today.

Part 3

In this week’s edition of Amazing Feats we are reporting on the extraordinary

achievement of the climber, Annabelle Bond. It took a huge physical effort, and a
considerable amount of money, but Annabelle Bond has just flown back to her home in
London after becoming the fastest woman ever to climb the highest mountain in each of
the seven continents.

The feat took her to Nepal and Tanzania, Argentina, Alaska and Antarctica, Australia
and Russia, with the odd avalanche in between. She scaled the summits in 360 days.
Not only is this the fastest time ever for a woman but it’s also the fourth fastest for a
climber of either sex. According to Annabelle, the best experience of all was seeing the
top of Everest.

Annabelle Bond is the daughter of Sir John Bond, the head of the bank HSBC. She was
born in Singapore in 1969 and grew up in Jakarta and Hong Kong, coming to Europe at
the age of eight to attend boarding school, first in England and then in Switzerland. Her
grandmother, Christine, was a pioneering female climber in the 1920s. Returning to
Hong Kong in 1991, Ms Bond spent the next eight years working as an estate agent. It
was then that she started running mountain half-marathons and setting records, fitting
her training in between her appointments with clients. Initially, she had been the kind of
person who did not think that she could run for more than an hour. However, she finally
decided that buying and selling houses was not what she really wanted to do and in
2000, she left the estate agent’s where she’d been working and headed for Sun Valley,
Idaho, to ski and climb.

A trip to Everest base camp, where she fell madly in love with the dramatic scenery,
further whetted her appetite for climbing and she decided to attempt to climb the
highest peak in each of the seven continents: Mount Everest in Asia, Mount Elbrus in
Europe, Aconcagua in South America, Mount McKinley in North America,
Kilimanjaro in Africa, Mount Kosciuszko in Australia and Vinson Massif in Antarctica.
Ms Bond
was twice admitted to hospital with frostbite and said she felt lucky to survive Everest
after two climbers who joined their party died on the descent. In Ms Bond’s view,
however, the biggest problem had been keeping to the schedule, as each mountain had
to be climbed in the right season. It was also a challenge to stay fit and healthy while
living on little other than freeze-dried food.

She said the ascents had raised £850,000 for the Eve Foundation, a charity that was set
up in memory of a friend who died of cancer.

With the money she raised she was also able to pay for the education of the children of
her Sherpas in Nepal. She is swift to point out that it has all been something of a team
achievement, the climbs being completed with guides from a New Zealand adventure
company and filmed by a cameraman. However, fellow climbers agree that getting up
Everest is a feat in itself. Tom Prentice, the author and former editor of Climber
magazine, said that it was a fantastic achievement for anyone to have climbed the seven
highest summits on all the continents. He added, however, that there were many much
harder peaks than some of the summits on the list.

Ms Bond is aware that she has had ‘mixed reviews’ in the climbing world but she’s
been impressed by the lack of chauvinism she has encountered and said everyone had
been very supportive. When she returned to London, she said-- she was happy to be
back but was feeling a bit jetlagged. The pleasures of life back in London for Ms Bond
are those of home comforts like a shower and a loo, and seeing family and friends again
after nearly a year living mainly in tents. So, what next for Annabelle Bond? She’s in
demand as a celebrity speaker, but says that she isn’t sure quite what she will be doing
in the future. Although she says she certainly isn’t rushing off to climb any mountains,
she nevertheless wants to do something that will push her to the limit again. Watch this
space.

Bond’s view, however, the biggest problem had been keeping to the schedule, as each
mountain had to be climbed in the right season. It was also a challenge to stay fit and
healthy while living on little other than freeze-dried food.

She said the ascents had raised £850,000 for the Eve Foundation, a charity that was set
up in memory of a friend who died of cancer.

With the money she raised she was also able to pay for the education of the children of
her Sherpas in Nepal. She is swift to point out that it has all been something of a team
achievement, the climbs being completed with guides from a New Zealand adventure
company and filmed by a cameraman. However, fellow climbers agree that getting up
Everest is a feat in itself. Tom Prentice, the author and former editor of Climber
magazine, said that it was a fantastic achievement for anyone to have climbed the seven
highest summits on all the continents. He added, however, that there were many much
harder peaks than some of the summits on the list.

Ms Bond is aware that she has had ‘mixed reviews’ in the climbing world but she’s
been impressed by the lack of chauvinism she has encountered and said everyone had
been very supportive. When she returned to London, she said-- she was happy to be
back but was feeling a bit jetlagged. The pleasures of life back in London for Ms Bond
are those of home comforts like a shower and a loo, and seeing family and friends
again after nearly a year living mainly in tents. So, what next for Annabelle Bond?
She’s in demand as a celebrity speaker, but says that she isn’t sure quite what she will
be doing in the future. Although she says she certainly isn’t rushing off to climb any
mountains, she nevertheless wants to do something that will push her to the limit again.
Watch this space.

part 4

In Japan, nearly a million young men have locked themselves in their bedrooms, and
refuse to go outside.

This phenomenon of isolation has been attributed as a side effect to Japan’s highly
competitive economy and culture.

So, how is Japan’s economy destroying their youth?

Japanese culture generally places a significant amount of emphasis on education and

employment.

But in recent years, Japan has seen a significant downturn in their economic growth.

However, Japan’s recession isn’t the same as in most other countries.

Stores don’t go out of business, luxury spending continues, the fabric of society still
seems comfortable.

But the lack of available new jobs does have a massive impact on younger generations.

With fewer jobs to go around, many Japanese men give up hope and withdraw from
society. Furthermore, the longer one is unemployed, the harder it is to find a job, since
companies tend to hire fresh out of high school and college.
Young adults and adolescents who confine themselves for long periods of time are
called “hikikomori”.

They are among the generation of youths called “grass eaters”, which are mostly men
who shy away from sexual relationships and general social contact. They tend to live at
home with their parents, some well into their 40s.

Additionally, most Japanese youths are expected to provide for their families, putting
tremendous stress and pressure on them to succeed.

The weak economy also puts a strain on relationships, as many Japanese women refuse
to date unemployed men, considering them weak and effeminate. Japan’s government
has warned that more than one and a half million are on the verge of becoming
hikikomori.

An estimated 700,000 hikikomori have already locked themselves away.

The influx of socially anxious men has created big changes for Japan, including a
massive

drop in birth rates to record lows, and a shift in consumer habits away from a more

“masculine-driven” culture. Studies have shown that as much as 75% of men in their

20s and 30s consider themselves “grass eaters”. Considering the depth of culture
associating success and hard work with self identity in Japan, it will take significant
social effort and a better economy to improve this epidemic.

II. LEXXIO-GRAMMAR
Part 1.

1. Sandy stole my when she announced that she was pregnant two days

before I'd planned to tell people about my pregnancy.

A. thunder B. limelight C. stage D. mind

Key: A

steal sb’s thunder = to get the attention, success, etc. that somebody else was expecting,
usually by saying or doing what they had intended to say or do

2. Dressed in a bright red suit for the wedding, Jack apparently was making a

of himself.

A. mess B. light C. spectacle D. spot

Key: C

make a spectacle of yourself = to draw attention to yourself by behaving or dressing in

a silly way in public

3. Bobby's new girlfriend must have gotten her_ into him---have you seen the
way he’s dressing these days?

A. paws B. claws C. crooks D. hooks

get one's claws into: Kiểm soát/điều khiển ai; dùng sức ảnh hưởng để ràng buộc/nắm ai
trong tay.

4. More than 500 were involved in the coronation scene of Puyi in “The

last Emperor”.

A. adjuncts B. appendages C. extras D. additives

Key: C

extra (n) = a person in a film who does not have a speaking part and who is usually part

of the scene, for example, in a crowd

adjunct =something added or connected to a larger or more important thing

appendage=something that exists as a smaller and less important part of something

larger

additive = a substance that is added to food in order to improve its taste or appearance
or to keep it fresh and stop it from decaying

5. He talks as though he knows more than anyone else, but he's all hat and no .
A. herd B.Cow C. cattle D. bull

all hat and no cattle: tả ai đó có thể nói liên tục mà không cần văn bản biên soạn trước,
nói liến thoắng mà không nghe ai cả.

6. Despite their disagreement, the representatives of the two nations managed to

reach a(n) settlement, bringing temporary peace for both sides.

A. affable B. fraternal C. amiable D. amicable

Key: D

amicable (adj) = relating to an agreement or decision that is achieved without people

arguing or being unpleasant

affable =friendly and easy to talk to

fraternal = relating to brothers

amiable =pleasant and friendly

7. The first successful flight in human history completed by the Wright brothers

the law of gravity and stunned everybody.

A. refuted B. defied C. quelled D. disproved

Key: B

defy (v) = to refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc

quell =to stop something, especially by using force

disprove =to prove that something is not true

refute = to say or prove that a person, statement, opinion, etc. is wrong or false

8. The concert ended and the crowd quickly _ , returning the quietness to
the small town.

A. disassembled B. dissembled C. dismantled D. disgorged

Key: A

disassemble (v) = (of a group of people) to move apart and go away in different
directions

dissemble =to hide your real intentions and feelings or the facts

dismantle =to take a machine apart or to come apart into separate pieces/ get rid of a
system or organization, usually over a period of time

disgorge =to release large amounts of liquid, gas, or other contents/ to send many
people out of a place or vehicle at the same time

9. After winning the lottery, they moved into a more house in a high-
class

residential area and had a more comfortable life.

A. well-attended B. well-built C. well-appointed D. well-disposed

Key: C

well-appointed (adj) = having a good supply of comfortable or necessary furniture and

attractive decorations

well attended =If an event is well attended, many people are present at it

well disposed =friendly and helpful

well built =of a person, large and strong// of an object or a building, produced or built
well, so that it will last for a long time

10. Tony, you are trying to make her believe your lies so just keep it simple, do
not over-egg the .

A. brulee B. pudding C. sponge D. madeleines

over-egg the pudding = used to say that you think somebody has done more than is
necessary, or has added unnecessary details to make something seem better or worse
than it really is

11. My school always forces students to follow the rules to the without
caring about their feelings.

A. book B. letter C. lines D. dots

Key: B

follow/obey something to the letter = to do exactly what you are told to do

12. Although my new house is fine, I still prefer the old one which a
river.

A. backs onto B. faces off C. stands by D. sides with

Key: A

back onto something = (of a building) to have something directly behind it

face off =take up an attitude of confrontation, especially at the start of a fight or game.

side with sb =to support one person or group in an argument

stand by = to be waiting and ready to do something or to help

13. We are required to _ empirical data and evidence from reliable sources
to support our argument.

A. adduce B. attest C. elicit D. accost

Key: A

adduce (v) = cite

14. Since John is the bee’s in terms of English, it is no wonder so many

friends ask him for support in this subject.

A. wings B. knees C. antenna D. spiracle

Key: B

the bee’s knees = an excellent person or thing

15. There is no need to over the cracks, I know you are having problems,
just tell me and I will help you.

A. carpet B. paper C. lay D. curtain

paper over the cracks = to hide problems, especially arguments between people, in
order to make a situation seem better than it really is

Part 2.
1. LIGHT-BULB (n)
LIGHT-BULB MOMENT = a moment of sudden realization, enlightenment, or inspiration
2.MOSQUITO-BORNE (adj)
MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES = diseases spread by the bite of an infected mosquito
3. BLUE-BLOODED (adj) = someone born into a family that belongs to the highest
social class.
4. GOOSEBUMPS (n) = small raised areas that appear on the skin because of cold,
fear, or excitement
5. MULTIFACTORIAL (adj) = having, involving, or produced by a variety of
elements or causes

Part 3.
1. rise-> a rise in sth= sự tăng lên của cái gì
2. feasible = khả thi
3. towards -> =toward the end of sth = vào khoảng cuối
4. dinosaurs = khủng long
5. where = nơi mà -> mệnh đề quan hệ
6. thesis-> doctoral thesis= luận án tiến sĩ
7. without -> without hopes = không có tia hy vọng nào
8. on -> on the morning of = vào buổi sáng của cái gì
9. favoritism = thiên vị
10. himself -> support oneself = earn one’s living
III.READING

Part 1.
1. NO

EX ; Semantics, in general, is the subdivision of linguistics concerned with meaning.

Semantics attempts the systematic study of the assignment of meanings to minimal
meaning-bearing elements and the combination of these in the production of more
complex meaningful expressions.

2. YES

EX; If you did not have within you at this moment the pattern of reactions that we call
“the ability to read”, you would see here only meaningless black marks on paper.

3. YES

EX; If, as the result of all these influences that make us what we are, our semantic
habits are reasonably similar to those of most people around us, we are regarded as
“normal,” or perhaps “dull.” If our semantic habits are noticeably different from those
of others, we are regarded as “individualistic” or “original.” or, if the differences are
disapproved of or viewed with alarm, as “crazy.”

4. NOT GIVEN

5. NOT GIVEN

6. YES

EX; But if people say—and revolutionists have started uprisings with just this
statement “Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains!”—what operations could
we perform to demonstrate.

7. NOT GIVEN

8. NO

EX; If a person was to tell a shockingly obscene story in Arabic or Hindustani or

Swahili before an audience that understood only English, no one would blush or be
angry; the story would be neither shocking nor obscene— indeed, it would not even
be a story.

9. B
 EX; from all the books and newspapers and comic strips we have read, from the
conversations we have had with friends and associates, and from all our experiences.
If, as the result of all these influences that make us what we are

10. E

EX; If one stops to think for a moment, it is clear that to define a word, as a dictionary
does, is simply to explain the word with more words. To be thorough about defining,
we should next have to define the words used in the definition, then define the words
used in defining the words used in the definition and so on. Defining words with more
words, in short, gets us at once into what mathematicians call an “infinite regress”.

11. G

EX; Semantics, then, seeks the “operational” definition instead of the dictionary
Bridgman, the 1946 Nobel Prize winner and physicist, once wrote, “The true meaning
of a term is to be found by observing what a man does with it, not by what he says
about it.” He made an enormous contribution to science by showing that the meaning
of a scientific term lies in the operations, the things done, that establish its validity,
rather than in verbal definitions.

12. A

EX; If a person was to tell a shockingly obscene story in Arabic or Hindustani or Swahili
before an audience that understood only English, no one would blush or be angry; the
story would be neither shocking nor obscene— indeed, it would not even be a story.

13. D

EX; We understand it by understanding the social mechanisms and the loyalties that
keep it meaningful.
Part 2.
1. Đoạn văn gợi ý gì về khách du lịch trong tương lai?
A. Họ sẽ cố gắng giảm thiểu rủi ro được công nhận là khách du lịch.
B. Họ sẽ đảm nhận các trách nhiệm khác nhau và hoàn thành chúng.
C. Chúng sẽ di chuyển lén lút và tuân theo các phương thức hành vi cố định.
D. Họ sẽ tránh du lịch như một cách để giải trí.
CLUE A. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án A nằm ở gần cuối đoạn 1, phần thông tin sau:
“No one will want to own up to being one of those.” “those” ở đây là chỉ “tourists”, từ
đó
ta suy ra được rằng trong tương lai, những người đi du lịch sẽ tránh để không bị phát
hiện rằng họ là khách du lịch. Từ đó ta chọn được phương án A. Phương án B có thể gây
nhầm lẫn với một loạt các nghề nghiệp được liệt kê ở câu 2 đoạn 1, tuy nhiên không có
đủ căn cứ để xác định rằng những người du lịch tương lai có chấp nhận nhiều nhiệm vụ,
nhiều trách nhiệm và hoàn thành chúng hay không. Phương án C không hợp lí vì không
có thông tin “follow fixed modes of behaviour”. Phương án D không hợp lí vì không
đúng với thông tin sau trong bài đọc: “There might still be those who quietly slip away
to foreign lands for nothing more than pure pleasure,...”
2. Trong đoạn thứ hai, điều gì nói về du lịch gần nhất với phương pháp:
A. tự sửa chữa B. tìm ra lỗi C. phân xử D. ca ngợi

CLUE: C. Trong đoạn 2, tác giả đã liệt kê ra rất nhiều những tác hại, bất lợi mà du lịch
gây ra, với thái độ gay gắt: “Tourists only wreak havoc. Tourist only destroy the
natural environment. Tourists only emasculate local cultures. Tourists bring nothing
with them but their money. They must be stopped at any price.” Từ những thông tin
này, có thể thấy ở đoạn này, tác giả lên án và chỉ trích kịch liệt du lịch, nên ta chọn C
(castigate nghĩa là lên án, phê phán gay gắt). Phương án A và D đều không hợp lí
(self-correct là tự sửa chữa, tự vận hành theo cách riêng không cần tác động bên ngoài,
còn acclaim là khen ngợi nên đều không hợp lí). Phương án B có nét đúng (fault-
finding nghĩa là chỉ trích về điều vụn vặt), tuy nhiên lại chưa thể hiện được thái độ gay
gắt của tác giả nên ta không chọn phương án B.

3. Đoạn thứ hai có lẽ là để bác bỏ:

A. sự coi thường của khách du lịch đối với văn hóa địa phương.
B. lợi ích của du lịch đối với người bản địa.
C. giá trị của du lịch.
D. số tiền khách du lịch để lại trên các khu vực đã thăm.

CLUE: C. Dựa vào câu cuối của đoạn 2, kết hợp các dữ kiện khác trong đoạn, ta chọn
được phương án C: “They must be stopped at any price.” Đoạn văn chỉ ra những điều
không tốt, thậm chí là tác hại của du lịch, để từ đó bác bỏ, phủ nhận giá trị của du lịch,
những mặt lợi ích mà du lịch mang lại.

4. Từ “emasculate” trong đoạn thứ hai có nghĩa gần nhất với:

CLUE: B. Từ emasculate nghĩa là làm giảm hiệu quả, giảm đi tầm quan trọng và độ
ảnh hưởng của một điều gì đó. Từ gần nghĩa với nó cũng mang nét nghĩa là làm giảm
tầm
 ảnh hưởng là từ vitiate. Các từ còn lại: fortify – gia cố, củng cố (trong chiến trận), cổ
vũ, tăng lòng dũng cảm, thổi bùng hoặc tăng sức mạnh, sự mãnh liệt; homogenize –
đồng hóa; reverberate – vang vọng, để lại hậu quả lâu dài.

5. Một lý do được tác giả trích dẫn cho những khó khăn trong quá trình ngừng hoạt động
du lịch là:
A. khách du lịch không được đánh thức về việc thiếu đạo đức trong việc theo đuổi của họ.
B. tự do tài chính mang lại cho mọi người quyền làm những việc theo ý thích của họ.
C. những người ủng hộ việc ngừng du lịch là những người kém giàu có hơn so với
những du khách đại chúng.
D. các lập luận chống lại nó là không thể trả lời được.

CLUE: B. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án B nằm ở câu 5 của đoạn 4: “You cannot
make so many economically empowered people stop doing something they want to do
unless you argue that it is of such extreme damage to the welfare of the world that
only the truly malicious, utterly selfish and totally irresponsible would ever consider
doing it.” Từ thông tin này, ta có thể suy ra rằng một khó khăn trong việc ngăn chặn
du lịch là không thể làm cho những người có tiền, dư dả về mặt kinh tế ngưng làm
điều họ muốn. Phương án B phản ánh đúng nội dung đó nên ta chọn. Phương án A, C
và D đều không có đủ căn cứ để khẳng định rằng những nội dung đó đúng nên ta loại.

6. Người viết gợi ý gì về du lịch?

A. Cho đến thời điểm viết bài, du lịch luôn được thúc đẩy.
B. Nó liên quan đến những người bất chính đi du lịch để làm dịu cơn khát kiến thức vô
độ của họ.
C. Những lợi ích của nó đã hấp dẫn những nhà thám hiểm cũng như người dân.
D. Khách du lịch có thể sử dụng cái gọi là mục đích để che giấu động cơ thực sự của họ.

CLUE: D. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án D nằm ở một vài đoạn trong bài đọc, tuy
nhiên ta có thể thấy rõ dẫn chứng ở cuối đoạn 5: “Of course, adventurers, fieldwork
assistants, volunteers and travellers don’t go on holidays. Un-tourists (as I will call
them) go on things called ‘cultural experiences’, ‘expeditions’, ‘projects’, ‘mini-
ventures’ and, most tellingly, ‘missions’. A Coral Cay Conservation Expedition flyer
says: ‘The mission of any Coral Cay Conservation Volunteer is to help sustain
livelihoods and alleviate poverty.’” Tác giả đã dẫn ra những vai trò mà người du lịch
tự nhận, tự xưng, và đưa ra ví dụ về Coral Cay Conservation Expedition flyer để củng
cố cho luận điểm rằng những
 người đi du lịch nhận rằng mình đảm nhiệm những vai trò khác để che giấu mục đích
thật sự của họ là đi du lịch. Phương án A không chính xác vì không đúng với thông
tin: “... we won’t recognise it as the unattractive entity it once was.” Phương án B
không hợp lí vì người xấu (nefarious people) đi du lịch để thỏa mãn khao khát có thêm
tri thức (thỉst for knowledge) là điều phi logic, và cũng không có căn cứ trong bài.
Phương án C không có đủ dẫn chứng nên cũng không hợp lí.

7. Cụm từ nào trong đoạn văn thứ sáu phản ánh rõ nhất bản chất của mối quan hệ giữa
khách du lịch và các khu vực địa phương?
A. ở những người khai phá
B. được cho là đồng điệu
C. bắt nguồn từ kinh nghiệm thời Victoria
D. phải trình bày một cách tiếp cận hiện đại, tiến bộ
CLUE:A. Để làm được câu hỏi này, ta cần xét đến vị trí của các cụm này. Cụm “at
loggerheads” nằm trong câu “Whereas the mass tourist and the area they visit are
condemned as anti-ethical and at loggerheads,...” => câu này thể hiện rằng mối liên kết
giữa khách du lịch và địa điểm du lịch thực chất là trái với đạo đức và không hòa hợp
với nhau => A là phương án hợp lí. Cụm “presumed to be in tune” nằm trong câu “the
ethos of the un-tourist and the needs of the area they wander into are presumed to be in
tune with each other” => thoạt nhìn, câu này sát với câu trả lời, tuy nhiên câu hỏi hỏi về
bản chất, mà cụm này mới chỉ thể hiện được rằng người không-phải-đi-du-lịch cho rằng
họ hòa hợp với môi trường bản địa nhưng thực chất không phải vậy, chưa đúng với đặc
điểm của mối quan hệ này, và nếu để phương án B thì nên sửa thành “not be in tune”. 2
cụm còn lại đều nằm trong câu “While this re-branding is supposed to present a
progressive, modernistic approach to travel, in fact it is firmly rooted in the Victorian
experience.” => không nói đến bản chất mối quan hệ giữa khách-địa điểm du lịch =>
loại.
8. Người viết chứng minh một điểm mà khách du lịch bỏ qua:
A. bị thu hút về mặt thẩm mỹ bởi các loại hình lưu trú thân thiện với môi trường khi đi
du lịch.
B. coi trọng đúng mức việc phát triển và bảo tồn văn hóa địa phương.
C. có khuynh hướng tin rằng những gì họ làm khi đi du lịch có lợi.
D. đại diện cho một xu hướng tích cực tương quan với cách tiếp cận mới để ngăn chặn
du lịch.
CLUE: C. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án C nằm ở đoạn 6 và 7, cụ thể là ở các thông tin
sau: “... the modern day un-tourist insists that the main motive behind their adventure is
to help others” (đoạn 6), “These, they believe, are somehow more in keeping with
something they call local culture.” (đoạn 7) Từ những thông tin này kết hợp với một vài
chi tiết khác, có thể suy ra rằng những người khách không-phải-đi-du-lịch có xu hướng
tin rằng điều họ làm là tốt cho người dân và văn hóa bản địa, từ đó ta chọn được phương
án C. Phương án A không hợp lí vì bài đọc không nhắc đến sự thu hút về thẩm mĩ
(aesthetically attracted). Phương án B không được đề cập trong bài, tuy có dữ kiện
“Local culture is very important to the un-tourist”, tuy nhiên chưa đủ căn cứ cho thông
tin “adequate”. Phương án D không hợp lí vì tác giả không bày tỏ quan điểm rằng đây là
“positive trend” (tuy không biểu lộ trên câu chữ nhưng nếu xét sâu hơn, có thể thấy tác
giả không cho rằng đây là một xu hướng tích cực).
9. Có thể ngụ ý rằng những nỗ lực của những người không phải là khách du lịch về cơ
bản là nhằm mục đích:
A. che mục đích chính của họ để đi du lịch.
B. hạ bệ người khác về việc đi du lịch.
C. giả mạo như những người du lịch có nghĩa khí.
D. quảng bá văn hóa địa phương ở những nơi họ đến thăm.
CLUE: A. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án A nằm ở câu 2 đoạn cuối: “Pretending you are
not doing something that you actually are – going on holiday – is at the heart of the un-
tourist endeavour.” Từ thông tin này, ta có thể suy ra rằng những người không-phải-đi-
du-lịch tìm nhiều cách nhưng mục đích cơ bản nhất, bản chất vẫn là để che đậy, che giấu
mục đích thật sự của họ (nội dung phương án A phản ánh đúng điều này). Các phương
án còn lại có được nhắc đến nhưng không phải là mục tiêu cốt lõi, bản chất nên không
hợp lí.
10. Phương pháp nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập đến như một phương pháp được sử
dụng bởi khách du lịch chưa thành niên để đạt được mục tiêu của họ?
A. kết hợp du lịch với các mục đích khác với thú vui thuần túy.
B. công khai sứ mệnh của họ trên tạp chí.
C. che giấu giá cả liên quan đến chuyến đi của họ.
D. những địa điểm xa lánh được công nhận là nơi lưu trú cho khách du lịch

CLUE: B. Ta có thể trả lời được câu hỏi này bằng phương pháp loại trừ. Dẫn chứng
cho phương án A ở đoạn 1, 5, 6 và 8; phương án C ở cuối đoạn 8; phương án D ở đoạn
7. Ta cũng có thể trả lời bằng cách tìm thông tin chứng minh phương án B chưa đủ
căn cứ hoặc có nội dung sai. Thông tin đó nằm ở câu thứ hai từ cuối lên đoạn 8:
“Instead, the expeditions, projects and adventures are advertised in publications more
likely to resemble magazines with a concern in ecological or cultural issues.” Từ thông
tin này,
 ta có thể suy ra rằng những chuyến đi của những người không-phải-đi-du-lịch được
quảng cáo trên các ấn phẩm giống như tạp chí với sự quan tâm nhất định đến vấn đề
sinh thái và văn hóa. Điều này không đủ để khẳng định những người kia đã công bố
nhiệm vụ của họ trên tạp chí nên ta chọn phương án B.

PART 3.
119. D

“The name stuck, and in light of the commercial success of the companies there,
'Silicon Valley' is now used as a metonym for the high-tech sector.” connects with
“The beginnings of Silicon Valley can be traced back to the early twentieth century”.

“There were nevertheless a number of experimenters and innovators in such fields as

radio, television and military electronics, and several people were trying to take
advantage of any business opportunities that might arise.” connects with “One such
new business was the one founded by two graduates of the nearby Stanford
University called Bill Hewlett and David Packard”

120. H

“One such new business was the one founded by two graduates of the nearby Stanford
University called Bill Hewlett and David Packard” connects with “Of the many
products Hewlett and Packard worked on, the first financially successful one was a
precision audio oscillator, a device for testing sound equipment.”

121. F

“Eight of these improved oscillators were bought by The Walt Disney Company, for
use in testing and certifying the Fantasound surround-sound systems installed in
cinemas for the 1940 movie Fantasia.” connects with “In those early years, Hewlett-
Packard was a company without a focused direction”
122. A

“Terman was Stanford University's dean of engineering and provost during the 1940s
and 1950s, and had a positive influence on many of the successful companies in
Silicon Valley.” connects with “Terman also had a more direct influence through
his role at
Stanford University”

123. C

“Terman proposed launching a scheme which would kill two birds with one stone.”
connects with “Terman's proposal was taken up by Stanford University, and in 1951
Stanford Industrial Park was created.”

124. G

“Another bond between the University and the local high-technology businesses was
established in 1954, with the creation of the Honors Cooperative Program.” connects
with “The 1950s were also a time of great development in electronics technology.”

125. E

“The silicon transistors proved to perform much better, and started to be used in
radios and the early computers.” connects with “It was also in Silicon Valley that
other revolutionary electronic components were developed”

Part 4.

31. B

Hainault is a unique site, which features open heathland, some of which has been
recently planted up with native trees by the Woodland Trust, and the dense woodland
of the ancient forest.

32. A

It is called a heath, although it is in fact a patchwork of not just heath but also parkland
and hedgerow, laid out paths, open hillside and overgrown thickets, lakes and ponds -
and plenty of woods and trees.

33. D

Ardkinglas's sheltered location, high rainfall and warm temperatures all encourage
spectacular tree growth, and they claim to have the tallest tree in Britain - a Grand Fir,
 Abies grandis - standing at last time of measuring 64.5 metres high. If you are
sceptical of such claims, bring a tape measure and a long ladder.

34. A
They fuss about the swimming, designate cycle paths, regulate the fishing, and put up
notices about all such dangerous activities. But despite their best efforts, the Heath still
feels quite wild.

35. B

The main content of paragraph B reflects this idea.

36. A

The City of London Corporation is now responsible for its upkeep.

37. C

For the enthusiastic hill walker, there is a challenging 25-kilometre trail around the hill
called The Mell.

38. D

There are many other mighty trees that are impressive all year round but on a clear
November day the views towards the loch are fantastic.

39. C

For the enthusiastic hill walker, there is a challenging 25-kilometre trail around the hill
called The Mell, which takes you on a meander through woodland, alongside a
reservoir and into the upper part of the glen, where the remnants of an ancient royal
hunting forest give way to the open hillsides of Meall Cala.

40. B

The woods around here were a royal forest, but an Act of Parliament of 1851
authorised the cutting down and removal of its trees. And removed they were, grubbed
up by all too efficient men and machines - hectare upon hectare laid waste within
weeks of the passing of the Act.

IV.WRITING
1. Summarize the following extract. Your summary should be about 140 words long.

Excellent Good Below Ineffective

Average

Clear Main Clear Main Main idea is The main idea

Idea Idea unclear-not is not present.
specifically
stated in the
writing.

All Important Some Contains only

important details are critical some details
details are included but information
included some might is missing
be missing

Details are Ideas are in Ideas are in Ideas are not

in logical logical order random in a logical
order order and order
not logical

Demonstrate Demonstrate Demonstrate Demonstrates

s clear s adequate s basic little or no
understandi understandi understandi understanding
ng of ng ng of
information information
in the text. in text

Is Is Is Is
characterize characterize characterize characterized
d by d by d by the by the
paraphrasin paraphrasin substantial substantial
g of the g of the copying of copying of
main idea main idea key phrases indiscriminate
and and and minimal ly selected
significant significant paraphrasin phrases or
details details g sentences.
2. The table below shows the in which sector of the economy different age groups
were employed.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, making
comparisons where relevant
3. Write an academic essay of about 300 to 350 words
Multi-cultural societies, in which there is a mixture of different ethnic peoples, bring
more benefits than drawbacks to a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Task Coherence Vocabula Gramm

Achievement and ry ar
Cohesion

 The essay  The essay  There is  Errors

fully is well – a wide are
satisfies all organized range of minor,
the and structur due to
requirements coherent, es and ambiti
of the task. through vocabul on, and
the ary non-
effective related impedi
use of to the ng.
9  The essay is
simple theme.
- generally
linking
1 well-
devices.
0 developed.
 Students
attempt to
use some
complex
linking
devices,
although
some are
over/unde
r-use.
 The essay  There is  Adequat  There
generally evidence e range are
satisfies the of of some
7 requiremen organizati vocabul errors,
- ts of the on and ary and which
8 task. some structur are
 The ideas linking es genera
are not devices, related lly
sufficiently although non-
 supported; they are to the impedi
there may quite theme. ng
be limited in
irrelevant range.
details.

 The  The  A
essay  Students language numbe
responds to have some is r of
the task only attempts simplisti errors
in a minimal at c / are
way. organizati limited/ present
5  The on, even repetitiv , but
- ideas are though e/inadeq they
6 difficult to linking uate are
identify, and devices mostly
may be are not non –
repetitive, always impedi
irrelevant or maintaine ng.
not well- d.
supported.
 The  There is  There
essay barely no are
responds to evidence numer
the task. of range ous
 The
 The of errors,
3 student
ideas are structur which
- does not
largely es and someti
4 organize
undeveloped vocabul mes
ideas
or irrelevant. ary imped
logically.
e
comm
unicati
on.
1 The answer is completely unrelated to the task.
-
2

0 NO ATTENDANCE

TEST 3
I. LISTENING

Section 1. (10 pts)

1B 2D 3C 4B 5C

Section 2. (10 pts)

1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F

Section 3. (10 pts)

1. not fast enough

2. C-suite

3. 37%

4. track key metrics

5. create a level playing field

Section 4. (20 pts)

1. extraordinary privilege 2. American spirit

3. a presidental candidate 4. wasted out

 5. proudest possession 6. struggles and trials

7. reveals 8. health reforms

9. mortgage 10. limitless responsibility

TAPESCRIPT

Section 1

Int: Today I’m with the much-loved comedian and writer

Jane Clarkson. Obviously Jane, this year has been quite a turning point for you ...

Jane: Well, I’ll never stop doing comedy, but there were practical reasons for wanting to
take some time off and write a book. I felt my daughter had been neglected. She was just
about to make the tricky transition from primary to secondary school and I thought she
needed her mum around. I seem to have spent most of her life in a van touring from
venue to venue for my comedy act.

And I did enjoy being at home for a bit, although I

missed the applause and the laughter. When I finished writing in the evening, I’d turn the
computer off and there’d be nothing, which was hard to get used to.

Int: How was your novel received?

Jane: Well, a lot of male comedians had written books, so there was a bit of a
bandwagon waiting to be jumped on, but with my impeccable timing I jumped slightly
late, when everyone was starting to get heartily sick of comedians’ books. Also there’s a
kind of fury coming from some journalists about comics writing books.
They’re absolutely livid, as if they see your book in a bookshop and they jump up and
down, shouting, ‘It’s not fair! Why should she make money out of writing as well as
performing?’

Int: Was it a difficult transition?

Jane: Well, if you think logically, writing is the obvious step.

I’ve spent years trying to make people listen to my

anecdotes, so that must count for something! Also, if you’ve been an observational
comedian, which I am, it’s not a great leap to use those skills you’ve developed, like
observing odd mannerisms to use for jokes, and turn them into a book. At least that’s
what I felt, but you don’t become a writer instantly. I’ll have to wait and see whether it
was just beginners’ luck.

Int: I think why people give you a hard time about the novel is surely because we’re so
trapped into thinking Jane Clarkson is a comedian. It’s as though, you know, you can’t
do anything else, which is quite ridiculous because

you’ve been writing radio comedy for years.

Jane: Yes, people do become obsessed about what you are. The character I adopted for
my comedy act became rather a burden after a while. When I started going on stage

alone, I was very young and I wasn’t entirely convincing as a comedian because nervous
young women on stage actually frighten audiences.

They’re convinced you’re going to fail and burst into tears, which will be very

embarrassing. So there’s a palpable tension in the room

and some audiences actually boo the female comedians

off the stage.

Int: How did you deal with that?

Jane: Well, I had to counteract that stereotype so I started

coming on shouting and being madder and crosser than

any audience could ever be and that defused the

tension. In fact, I rather overdid it and my character got

cruder than I ever really intended. I got so good at it that

people got confused between the everyday Jane and the

stage Jane.

Int: What attracted you in the first place to performing, and

particularly to making people laugh?

Jane: Oh, from an early age, I knew I wanted to be an actress. I

innocently thought I was going to be a glamorous film

star. The reason I started to do comedy acts was that in

the 1980s a lot of small provincial theatres closed down.

In the past, girls would’ve come out of drama school and

if they had a leaning towards comedy they’d join one of

these small theatres and play a variety of comedy roles

in all sorts of plays from Shakespeare to contemporary

stuff. All of a sudden, with the demise of these theatres,

rooms above pubs opened up and comedians started

telling jokes and developing their acts there. It was

cheap, one performer one microphone, and anyone

could do it. In some ways, it’s a healthier performance

art than acting, because with acting you’re at the mercy

of everybody else deciding whether you can work or notWith stand-up comedy, you
might only get paid peanutsbut nobody can stop you from just driving to a venue,

often hundreds of miles in terrible weather, and going

on stage.

Int: But what is it when you’re actually on stage … [fade]

Section 2

A talk from a member of the conservation Society about 'green cleaning'

Good morning everyone. It's a pleasure to be here as a representative of the Conservation

Society, to talk to you about "Green Cleaning", in other words about ways you can help
to save the environment at the same time as saving money.

I'll start with saving money - as we're all interested in that, especially students who are
living on a tight budget. Probably none of you has sat down and calculated how much
you
spend on cleaning products each year everything from dishwashing detergent, window
cleaners and so on through to shampoos and conditioners for your hair, and then those
disasters products to get stains out of carpets, or to rescue burnt saucepans. I can see
some nods of agreement, even if you don't spend a lot of time on housework you'd end
up spending quite a lot of money over a period of time, wouldn't you? We can save
money on products and also use products which are cheap, biodegradable and harmless
to the environment - these I will call 'green' products. Unfortunately most cleaning
products on sale commercially are none of these, and many of our waterways and oceans
are polluted with bleach, dioxins, phosphates and artificial colourings and perfumes.
Also think how many plastic bottles each household throws away over a year -they'll still
be around in land-fill when you are grandparents! So we often feel there's nothing we can
do to make a difference, but we can. The actual 'recipes' are on handouts you can take at
the end of the talk: The sorts of ingredients I'm referring to are things like bicarbonate of
soda, eucalyptus oil, ammonia, vinegar, lemons, pure soap. Lastly many people find
they're allergic to modem products, so for all you asthma sufferers keep listening.
Nothing in these recipes should cause you any problems, an end to itching and wheezing!

So let’s start with spills and stains. Soda water is wonderful as an immediate stain
remover: mop up the excess spill don't rub but apply soda water immediately - it's great
for tea coffee wine beer and milk - as is salt or bicarbonate of soda, which will absorb the
stain - then vacuum when dry and shampoo if necessary.

While we are talking about disasters lets quickly look at some others that can be avoided.
Bicarbonate of soda is wonderful for removing smells, especially in the fridge - an open
box in the fridge will eliminate smells for up to three months. And those terrible burnt
saucepans? Either sprinkle with our good friend bicarb again and leave it to stand, or
cover with vinegar and a layer of cooking salt.

Bring it to the boil and simmer for ten minutes, then wash when cool. Much cheaper than
a new saucepan! Then there are heat rings on wooden furniture. Simply rub with a
mixture of salt and olive oil, or for scratched furniture use olive oil and vinegar.
Now let's look at general cleaning - first the floors. If your floor covering is made of
slate, cork or ceramic tiles or lino it probably only needs a mop or a scrub with vinegar in
a bucket of water. Carpets can be shampooed using a combination of pure soap washing
soda, cloudy ammonia and some boiling water. You put a small amount of this mixture
onto the mark on the carpet, rub with a cloth until it lathers and then wipe off the excess.
A smelly carpet can be deodorized by sprinkling bicarbonate of soda on the surface,
leaving overnight and vacuuming off the next day. Cleaning in the kitchen, bathroom and
toilet is the next section....

Section 3

Women are graduating from college at higher rates than ever before. Earning more than
half of bachelor’s degrees last year. Companies are increasingly focused on the benefits
of gender equality in the workplace. However, the situation for women in the
workplace is not changing fast enough.
Women make up 45% at entry level position across the workforce; which decreases to
32% at management roles. At the top, women only make up seventeen percent of the C-
suite. At the current rate of progress, it would be one hundred years before we see real
equality in the C-suite. Contrary to popular belief, women are leaving organisations at
the same rate as men. However, women are less eager to become a top executive citing
stress and pressure as the key deterrents.
Most women see barriers to advancement and feel they have fewer opportunities to
advance due to their gender. While 74% of companies claim gender equality is a priority
for their CEO, less than half of the employees believe it. And only one-third feel it is a
top priority for their direct manager. More than 90% of women and men believe taking
extended family leave will hurt their career. So while programs widely exist,
participation is low.
This inequality even extends to the home. 41 % of working women report doing more
childcare than men, 30% report doing more chores but this does not need to be our reality
while these facts are a wake-up call we can affect real change. Here are five key actions
companies can take.
1)Track key metrics to understand the problem: you cannot change why you cannot see.
2)Demonstrate that gender equality is a top priority: employees must believe that their
leaders want change.
3)Identify and interrupt gender bias : we all have unconscious biases to overcome.
4)Rethink work: redefine what successful careers look like.
5)Create a level playing field: make sure opportunities and advancement are equitable.
It is up to all of us to take action, to speed the process of gender equality so everyone
benefits, individuals, organisation and society. To learn more go to the
womenintheworkplace.com.

Section 4

Over the past few years as first lady, I have had the extraordinary privilege of traveling
all across this country and everywhere I’ve gone and the people I've met and the stories
I’ve heard, I have seen the very best of the American spirit.
See, our life before moving to Washington was, was filled with simple joys. Saturdays at
soccer games, Sundays at grandma’s house, and a date night for Barack and me was
either dinner or movie because as an exhausted mum I couldn’t stay awake for both.
Even back then when Barack was a senator and a presidential candidate to me he was
still the guy who picked me up for our dates in a car that was so wasted out that I could
actually see the pavement going by in a hole in the passenger side door. He was the guy
whose proudest possession was a coffee table he'd found in a dumpster.
Well today, after so many struggles and trials and moments that‘ve tested my husband in
ways I never could have imagined, I have seen first-hand that being president doesn’t
change who you are. No it reveals who you are.
When it comes to the health of our families, Barack refused to listen to all those folks to
told him to leave health reforms for another day, another president. He didn’t care
whether it was the easy thing to do politically, no that's not how he was raised. He cared
that it was the right thing to do.
When we were first married our combined monthly student loan bill was actually higher
than our mortgage.
Yeah!! We were so young, so in love, and so in debt.
If we wanna give all of our children a foundation for their dreams and opportunities
worthy of their promise. If we wanna give them that sense of limitless possibility, that
belief that here in America there was always something better out there if you're willing
to work for it. Then we must work like never before, and we must once again come
together and stand together for the man we can trust to keep moving this great country
forward.
My husband, our president, Barack Obama.
Thank you, God bless you, God bless America.

II. LEXXIO-GRAMMAR

Part 1.

1. After the earthquake, the entrance hall was turned into a _ casualty ward.

A. mainstay B. makeshift C. piecework D. wayside

Key: B

makeshift = temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need

mainstay =the most important part of something, providing support for everything

else

piecework =work for which the amount of pay depends on the number of things finished
rather than on the time spent making them

2. My mother-in-law is coming to town this weekend, so I better batten_the hatcher.

A,off B,out C,down D,up

batten down the hatches: sẵn sàng chờ đợi điều xấu nhất, điều tệ nhất sắp xảy ra.
3. It’s a for decent jobs these days, so you need every qualification you

can get.

A. scramble B. jumble C. jostle D. flurry

Key: A

cramble (for something) = a situation in which people push, fight or compete with each

other in order to get or do something

4. Another, perhaps inspired by the nursery rhyme, is that a(n) for sweet

things during pregnancy makes you more likely to be having a girl, while a boy will

make you crave savoury, salty foods, meat and cheese in particular.

A. inspiration B. affinity C. predilection D. propensity

Key: C

if you have a predilection for something, you like it very much

5. Jack was disappointed not to be promoted as he was given to _ that the

job would be his.

A. know B. understand C. realize D. say

Key: B

give someone to understand (that) = to tell someone something, or to make them think

that something is true

6. I know you have a good voice and have ambitions to be an opera singer but do
not give up your day yet.

A. situation B. work C. job D. place

Key: C
don’t give up the day job (informal, humorous) = used to tell somebody that they should

continue doing what they are used to, rather than trying something new that they are

likely to fail at

7. Her ambition and _ determination ensured that she rose to the top of her

profession.

A. hounded B. wormed C. ducked D. dogged

Key: D

dogged = very determined to do something, even if it is very difficult

8. I'd been living in this country for a few years, but it wasn't until I had kids that I

felt like I had really put down here.

A. roots B. seeds C. nuts D. fruits

Key: A

If you put down roots in a place where you have moved to live, you make new friends

and join in new activities there so that you feel it is your home

9. If you start rumors about other people, they'll eventually do the same thing to

you._ fair play, after all.

A,Walkabout B,Layabout C,Turnabout D,Runabout

turnabout is fair play: ai cũng có cơ hội để làm điều gì; thật đáng cho ai chịu lại tai
họa/đau khổ khi họ đã gây đau khổ cho người khác (gieo nhân nào gặp quả nấy)

10. The first round of interviews only really serves to the very weakest of
applicants.

A. tide over B. beat about C. bark up D. weed out

Weed out= get rid of people or things that are not wanted
Tide over = help someone to work or operate normally through a difficult period, usually
by lending them money

'Bark up the wrong tree' có một động từ mới là to bark nghĩa là sủa. Bark up the wrong
tree nghĩa đen là sủa lầm lên cây, và nghĩa bóng là hiểu lầm một vấn đề và do đó hành
động cũng sai lầm.

11. I am not able to go anywhere this weekend because I am up to my in

work.

A. neck B. nose C. waist D. ankle

Key: A

be up to one’s neck in sth = to be very busy

12. He says he has raised certain issues, and the government is debating those issues, and

it is very necessary that we these concerns.

A. lash out B. scroll over C. shrivel up D. mull over

Key: D

mull something over = to spend time thinking carefully about a plan or proposal

lash out =to suddenly attack someone or something physically or criticize him, her, or it
in an angry way

shrivel up =to shrivel=co, teo, nhăn, quăn

13. Steve used to be easy to work with, but since his promotion he’s begun to .

A. throw his weight around B. throw in the towel

C. throw him off balance D. throw a monkey wrench in the works

Key: A

throw one’s weight around = to assert oneself in a controlling, domineering, or

authoritarian manner
throw sb off balance =to confuse or upset someone for a short time by saying or doing
something that they are not expecting

Throw a monkey wrench in the works" = ném cờ lê vào công trình -> nghĩa là quấy rối,
phá hoại, gây thêm vấn đề cho một kế hoạch, công việc hoặc hoạt động.

Throw in the towel = đàu hàng, chịu thua

14. Both the favourite and then the second favourite pulled out. Naturally, we thought we

were a chance.

A in with B up for C in for D up with

Key: A

be in with a chance = to have a good chance of achieving something

15. The manager hesitated to assign the job to the newcomer as he was .

A. wet behind the ears B. feeling your ears burning

C. ringing in your ears D. keeping your ears open

Key: A

be wet behind the ears = to be immature, inexperienced, and naïve

Feel one's ears burning" = cảm thấy tai nóng bừng -> hẳn là có ai đang nói xấu mình
keep your ears open =to pay attention to what is happening, especially in order to
find out something
Part 2.
1.PUSHOVER (n) = a person who is easy to persuade or influence 2.
NOMINAL (adj) = being something in name only, and not in reality 3.
BLACKOUTS BLACKOUT (n) = a temporary loss of consciousness, sight or
memory
4. LAME-DUCK (n) = one that is weak or that falls behind in ability or achievement
5. ULTIMATUM (n) = a threat in which a person or group of people are warned that if they do
not do a particular thing, something unpleasant will happen to them

Part 3.
1. could -> could be P2

2. Different -> by different means = bởi nhiều cách khác nhau

3. there

4.gained/ acquired/had = có được, đạt được -> gain power

5. the -> the wealth = sự giàu có, thịnh vượng

6. Rather -> rather than = thay vì

7. class/group -> dominating group = nhóm, tầng lớp chiếm ưu thế

8. though -> even though + clause = mặc dù

9. charge/control -> in charge of = chịu trách nhiệm

10. Himself
III. READING

Part 1.
Company innovation

A. In a scruffy office in midtown Manhattan, a team of 30 artificial-intelligence

programmers is trying to simulate the brains of an eminent sexologist, a well known
dietician, a celebrity fitness trainer and several other experts. Umagic Systems is a young
firm, setting up websites that will allow clients to consult the virtual versions of these
personalities. Subscribers will feed in details about themselves and their goals; Umagic’s
software will come up with the advice that the star expert would give. Although few people
have lost money betting on the neuroses of the American consumer, Umagic’s prospects are
hard to gauge (in ten years’ time, consulting a computer about your sex life might seem
natural, or it might seem absurd). But the company and others like it are beginning to spook
large American firms, because they see such half-barmy “innovative” ideas as the key to
their own future success.

-> i The unpredictability of the public’s viewpoints about a certain topic in the future

B. Innovation has become the buzz-word of American management. Firms have found
that most of the things that can be outsourced or re-engineered have been (worryingly, by
their competitors as well). The stars of American business tend today to be innovators such
as Dell, Amazon and Wal-Mart, which have produced ideas or products that changed their
industries
-> ixExample of three famous American companies’ innovation
C. A new book by two consultants from Arthur D. Little records that, over the past 15
years, the top 20% of firms in an annual innovation poll by Fortune magazine have
achieved double the shareholder returns of their peers. Much of today’s merger boom is
driven by a desperate search for new ideas. So is the fortune now spent on licensing and
buying others’ intellectual property. According to the Pasadena-based Patent & Licence
Exchange, trading in intangible assets in the United States has risen from $15 billion in
1990 to $100 billion in 1998, with an increasing proportion of the rewards going to small
firms and individuals.

-> ivThe insatiable thirst for outstanding innovations being an impetus to big impacts on the
market.

D. And therein lies the terror for big companies: that innovation seems to work best outside
them. Several big established “ideas factories”, including 3M, Procter & Gamble and
Rubbermaid, have had dry spells recently. Gillette spent ten years and $1 billion developing
its new Mach 3 razor; it took a British supermarket only a year or so to produce a reasonable
imitation. “In the management of creativity, size is your enemy,” argues Peter Chemin, who
runs the Fox TV and film empire for News Corporation. One person managing 20 movies is
never going to be as involved as one doing five movies. He has thus tried to break down the
studio into smaller units—even at the risk of incurring higher costs.

-> ii A list of certain institutions that are having fewer business activities

E. It is easier for ideas to thrive outside big firms these days. In the past, if a clever
scientist had an idea he wanted to commercialise, he would take it first to a big company.
Now, with plenty of cheap venture capital, he is more likely to set up on his own. Umagic
has already raised $5m and is about to raise $25m more. Even in capital-intensive businesses
such as pharmaceuticals, entrepreneurs can conduct early-stage research, selling out to the
big firms when they reach expensive, risky clinical trials. Around a third of drug firms’ total
revenue now comes from licensed-in technology.

-> vii A company that is able to going through economic falters itself.

F. Some giants, including General Electric and Cisco, have been remarkably successful at
snapping up and integrating scores of small companies. But many others worry about the
prices they have to pay and the difficulty in hanging on to the talent that dreamt up the idea.
Everybody would like to develop more ideas in-house. Procter & Gamble is now shifting its
entire business focus from countries to products; one aim is to get innovations accepted
across the company. Elsewhere, the search for innovation has led to a craze for
“intrapreneurship”— devolving power and setting up internal ideas-factories and tracking
stocks so that talented staff will not leave.

-> v Some moguls which expressed financial concerns when investing in the acquisition of
smaller companies
7. Y
“In the management of creativity, size is your enemy,” argues Peter Chemin, who runs
the Fox TV and film empire for News Corporation. One person managing 20 movies is
never going to be as involved as one doing five movies. He has thus tried to break
down the studio into smaller units—even at the risk of incurring higher costs.”

8. Y
“But the company and others like it are beginning to spook large American firms,
because they see such half-barmy “innovative” ideas as the key to their own future
success.”

9. NG
10. Y
“Hence the fashion for cannibalisation—setting up businesses that will actually fight
your existing ones.”

11. Y
“Rather than having to reinvent themselves, big companies, he believes, should
concentrate on projects with high costs and low uncertainty, leaving those with low
costs and high uncertainty to small entrepreneurs.”

12. NG
13. N
The whole paragraph J is dedicated to the uncertainty of the author.

Part 2.
14. Mục tiêu chính của người viết trong đoạn đầu tiên là gì?
A. tìm cách giải thích một quan điểm có vẻ phi logic.
B. đặt câu hỏi về giả định của chúng tôi về hành vi của mọi người.
C. thu hút sự chú ý của chúng ta vào một quá trình đang diễn ra.
D. nêu ra lý do của sự thay đổi trong các ưu tiên.
CLUE: 1. A. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án A có thể được tìm thấy ở câu 4 và 5 của
đoạn 1: “After all, both the music industry and other aspects of the print media have
felt the heat of virtual competition – why not books? Part of the explanation for this
may lie in the fact that,...” Từ thông tin này có thể suy ra được rằng sách đang không
phải “chịu
chung số phận” như là ngành âm nhạc hay in ấn – sự cạnh tranh khốc liệt đến từ thế
giới ảo. Đó là một điều nghe có vẻ phi lý (seemingly illogical) và tác giả đang đưa ra
luận điểm giải thích cho việc này (why not books – part of the explanation for this
may lie in ...). Vì vậy nên ta chọn phương án A là phương án chính xác. Phương án B
không hợp lí vì trong bài không có thông tin liên quan đến “our assumptions about
people’s behaviour”. Phương án C dễ gây nhầm lẫn vì người đọc có thể hiểu “an
ongoing process” ở đây là việc các ngành âm nhạc, in ấn đang phải chịu sự cạnh tranh,
tuy nhiên cụm này không phản ánh được điều đang xảy ra với books (không được đề
cập như là một quá trình), và ngoài ra việc tác giả đi tìm câu trả lời cho câu hỏi tại sao
sách không chịu áp lực cạnh tranh chứng tỏ phương án này không hợp lí. Phương án D
có thông tin “shifts in priorities” không được đề cập trong đoạn đầu của bài nên đây
không phải phương án chính xác.
15. Có thể ngụ ý từ đoạn văn rằng:
A. Sự hấp dẫn của sách phi kỹ thuật số là câu trả lời xác đáng cho vai trò quan trọng
của chúng.
B. Số lượng sách được bày trên giá là biểu hiện của sự xuề xòa của chủ nhân chúng.
C. Đặc điểm của một người có thể được phản ánh rõ ràng trong những cuốn sách phi
kỹ thuật số mà anh ta có.
D. Những gì được viết trong những cuốn sách mà một người sở hữu có thể tiết lộ
những chiều sâu tiềm ẩn trong chúng.
CLUE: 1. C. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án C có thể được tìm thấy ở câu đầu tiên của
đoạn 2: “It’s not just the quantity of titles on display, however, that speaks volumes;
generation, occupation, political leanings, leisure pursuits (even where they go on
holiday) – clues to all of these abound, if you care to analyse the contents of
someone’s bookshelves, and even casual visitors aren’t slow to form judgements.” Từ
nội dung câu này có thể suy ra là tính cách, đặc điểm của một người có thể được biểu
hiện rõ thông qua sách (speaks volumes, clues abound), vậy nên ta chọn C là phương
án chính xác. Phương án A không hợp lí vì tác giả mới chỉ coi “the appeal of non-
digital books” là một kiến giải khả dĩ (câu trả lời/lời giải thích có thể là đúng) cho vai
trò của chúng: “Part of the explanation for this may lie in the fact that, when it comes
to the crunch, nosing around someone’s bookshelves is interesting.” Phương án B
không hợp lí vì thông tin “the casualness of their owner” không được đề cập. Phương
án D không hợp lí vì thông tin “unveil hidden depths of them” không được đề cập
(hidden depths chỉ những tài năng tiềm tàng, ẩn giấu).
16. Ví dụ về những gì đã xảy ra sau khi phát hành một bức ảnh có hai nhân vật chính
trị dùng để minh họa:
A. chất lượng tiết lộ của các buổi chụp ảnh
B. sự tò mò của mọi người về cuộc sống riêng tư của các chính trị gia
C. sức hấp dẫn của các đặc điểm bất thường trong một bức ảnh
D. Khoa sách để thu hút sự chú ý của mọi người
CLUE: 1. D. Ta có thể chọn được phương án D dựa vào ví dụ được đưa ra ở đoạn 2
và câu hai của đoạn 2: “Evidence of this manifested itself...” và sau đó là câu chuyện
về hai nhà chính trị được dẫn ra. “this” ở đây có thể hiểu là việc sách thu hút người
khác, những người quan tâm đến mình. Ngoài ra ta cũng có thể kết hợp thêm câu:
“There then ensued much speculation...” để suy ra được ví dụ này chứng minh cho khả
năng thu hút người khác của sách nên ta chọn được phương án D. Các phương án còn
lại đều có liên quan ít nhiều đến ví dụ, tuy nhiên lại không có sự gắn kết với bài đọc
và luận điểm đang được triển khai trong bài đọc nên đều không hợp lí.
17. Được miêu tả trong đoạn văn là khuynh hướng của mọi người:
A. tạo mối quan hệ với những người có cùng sở thích.
B. đưa ra kết luận của riêng họ dựa trên giá sách của một người
C. trưng bày sự giàu có của họ bằng cách trưng bày những cuốn sách cổ điển không
dùng đến.
D. có sở thích đọc sách bằng bìa giấy.
CLUE: 1. B. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án B nằm ở hai câu đầu tiên của đoạn 3:
“Household stylist Abigail Hall agrees. ‘I often style houses for sale and you’d be
amazed how important the contents of the bookcase can be.’ Apparently, people use
such clues to form judgements about the type of person who lives in a property that’s
up for sale, and this may affect how they feel about going ahead with the purchase.”
Từ thông tin này suy ra mọi người có xu hướng đưa ra kết luận về tính cách của người
bán của cải dựa trên những gì được trưng bày trên giá sách của họ. Vậy nên ta chọn
được B là phương án đúng. Phương án A không hợp lí vì thông tin “forge a
relationship” không được đề cập, tuy dữ kiện sau trong bài đọc có thể gây nhầm lẫn:
“Perhaps we all seek out others whose tastes in such matters match our own, and we
can imagine living happily in a space that like-minded people have made homely.”,
nhưng dữ kiện này đề cập đến khung cảnh trong tưởng tượng, suy nghĩ chứ không
phải đời thật. Phương án C không hợp lí vì thông tin “showcase their wealth” không
được đề cập. Phương án D không chính xác, tuy dữ kiện sau trong bài có thể gây nhầm
lẫn: “however much they were enjoyed, paperbacks read on the beach...”, tuy nhiên
thông tin này chưa phản ánh được xu hướng chung cho mọi người nên ta loại phương
án này.
18. Như có thể được suy ra từ đoạn văn, trong các khách sạn hoặc quán cà phê, tầm
quan trọng đáng kể được gắn liền với:
A. khuyến khích du khách đọc sách trên kệ.
B. thiết lập một bầu không khí với sự trợ giúp của những cuốn sách được đặt tốt.
C. thu của khách hàng một khoản tiền đáng kể để sử dụng sách.
D. chất đống sách theo phân loại màu sắc của chúng.
CLUE: 1. B. Dẫn chứng giúp ta chọn phương án B nằm ở hai câu gần câu cuối của
đoạn 4: “It’s a trick of which countless hotels, cafés and waiting rooms for fee-paying
clients are only too aware. Placing a few carefully-chosen books atop coffee tables is
about creating an ambiance.” Từ thông tin này có thể suy ra các khách sạn hoặc quán
cà phê có ý thức (nhận biết được tầm quan trọng) về việc lựa chọn và đặt sách để tạo
không khí. Từ đây ta chọn được B là phương án đúng. Hai phương án A và C có nội
dung không được đề cập trong bài đọc nên đều không phải phương án chính xác.
Phương án D có thể gây nhầm lẫn do trong bài đọc có dữ kiện: “I’ve seen books
arranged by colour”, tuy nhiên ta cần chú ý đây là trải nghiệm cá nhân của tác giả và
bài viết không đề cập đến việc sự phân loại theo màu được chú trọng.
19. Cụm từ “nguyên tắc này” có lẽ đề cập đến:
A. việc sử dụng sách để tạo ra khí hậu mà không chú ý nhiều đến nội dung của những
cuốn sách được trưng bày
B. sự sắp xếp các cuốn sách theo thứ tự nội dung để gây ấn tượng với du khách ngay
từ khi họ đến một nơi
C. các thủ thuật được sử dụng để thu hút khách truy cập thường được các khách sạn và
quán cà phê áp dụng
D. khả năng tương tác của sách có thể hỗ trợ việc hình thành bầu không khí trong nhà
CLUE: A. Cụm “this principle” ở đây thay cho nội dung trước đó: “Placing a few
carefully- chosen books atop coffee tables is about creating an ambiance. No one
actually engages with the content.” Kết hợp với nội dung của đoạn văn và phần sau
của câu có chứa cụm từ này: “... I’ve not actually read any of them. I just love the
bindings.”, ta có thể suy ra
được rằng cụm từ ám chỉ đến việc để sách ra trưng bày tạo không khí (lưu ý từ climate
cũng có nghĩa là không khí, một cảm xúc bao trùm) nhưng ít quan tâm đến nội dung
của những cuốn sách đó. Vậy nên ta chọn A là phương án chính xác. Các phương án
còn lại đều không hợp lí (phương án B và C không chính xác dù nội dung có phần liên
quan và được đề cập trong bài, phương án D có được đề cập tuy nhiên lại không hợp
logic khi thay thế cho cụm this principle).
20. Có thể nói gì về sách trong trường hợp của Davinia Taylor?
A. Chúng không được coi là phản ánh sở thích đọc sách của cô ấy.
B. Tiêu đề của họ đã được chọn không phù hợp để hiển thị.
C. Sự hiện diện của họ là không thể thiếu đối với ngôi nhà mà cô ấy định bán.
D. Họ rơi vào tình trạng không sử dụng vì không còn nhu cầu về một món đồ khác.
CLUE: D. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án D nằm ở cuối đoạn 5: “Rarely removed
from their perch on a bookcase in the living room, their primary purpose was to
disguise Taylor’s walk-in fridge. And so, with the fridge no longer destined to be a
feature in her life, the books were deemed redundant.” Từ thông tin này có thể suy ra
trong ví dụ về Davinia Taylor, những cuốn sách được sử dụng để “ngụy trang” cho
chiếc tủ lạnh trong nhà, và khi nữ diễn viên không cần chiếc tủ lạnh đó nữa thì những
cuốn sách cũng trở nên thừa thãi. Từ đó ta chọn được D là phương án chính xác. Các
phương án còn lại đều không được đề cập trong bài đọc nên ta loại.
21. Trước tình hình hiện tại, người viết đề nghị rằng:
A. bìa mềm chắc chắn là thứ dễ bị dư thừa nhất.
B. công nghệ đã nâng cao số lượng sách được mua.
C. vẫn có khả năng những cuốn sách không phải kỹ thuật số được trưng bày.
D. sở hữu một món đồ hữu hình là một điều trêu ngươi.
CLUE: C. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án C nằm ở câu 3 đoạn cuối cùng: “But given
the uses to which we put our other tomes – whether they’re deployed to show off, look
pretty, or create an atmosphere – the odds of them hanging around look good.” Từ
thông tin này có thể suy ra được rằng vẫn còn khả năng là những cuốn sách giấy
truyền thống được đặt lên kệ trưng bày. Phương án A có thể gây nhầm lẫn do dữ kiện
sau trong bài: “the first casualties of the tangible variety are likely to be the beach-read
newspapers”, tuy nhiên ta cần chú ý tác giả mới đưa ra nhận định rằng khả năng cao là
điều này sẽ xảy ra, chứ không xác nhận điều này chắc chắn xảy ra. Phương án B có
nội dung không được đề cập đến trong bài nên cũng không phải phương án chính xác.
Phương án D không chính xác vì nội dung không được đề cập trong bài (“tantalising
thing”).
22. Trong toàn bộ đoạn văn, mục đích chính của người viết có lẽ là:
A. làm sáng tỏ các lập luận ủng hộ sách phi kỹ thuật số.
B. báo trước sự suy tàn của sách bìa mềm.
C. bày tỏ quan điểm lạc quan về tương lai của sách phi kỹ thuật số.
D. ngăn chặn mọi nỗ lực của người khác nhằm bôi nhọ sách.
CLUE: C. Mục đích tác giả viết bài viết này chủ yếu là để bày tỏ một cái nhìn lạc quan
về tương lai của những cuốn sách không phải sách điện tử. Điều đó được thể hiện rõ
qua câu “But given ... look good” (xem lại giải thích câu 8). Ngoài ra tác giả cũng đưa
ra nhiều ví dụ và luận điểm chứng tỏ sức thu hút của sách giấy truyền thống và khả
năng
cao là sách giấy truyền thống vẫn có chỗ đứng trong xã hội tương lai dù cho sách điện
tử đã ra đời. Phương án A chưa hợp lí vì tuy trong bài tác giả có đưa ra những luận
điểm về sách giấy truyền thống song chủ yếu là để lí giải vì sao chúng vẫn có thể tồn
tại dưới áp lực cạnh tranh của thế giới ảo, không đơn thuần dừng lại ở việc làm sáng tỏ
những luận điểm đó (hơn nữa những luận điểm này nghiêng về giải thích cho sự lạc
quan nhiều hơn là sự ủng hộ) . Phương án B không hợp lí vì việc báo trước sự “tàn
lụi” của sách bìa mềm không phải mục đích của tác giả trong bài. Tuy tác giả có nói
đến khả năng sách bìa mềm bị “bỏ xó” nhưng đây cũng chưa phải điều chắc chắn và
nó cũng chỉ phản ánh một phần nội dung bài đọc. Phương án D không hợp lí vì không
có thông tin nào liên quan đến “attempts by other people to defame books.”
23. Tính từ nào sau đây diễn tả đúng nhất đặc điểm của đoạn văn này?

CLUE: A. Để trả lời được câu hỏi này, ta cần căn cứ vào nghĩa của các từ cho ở các
phương án và đối chiếu với nội dung toàn bài. Phương án A – được hỗ trợ (bởi luận
cứ, dẫn chứng) tốt, phương án B – toàn diện, dồi dào kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm và khả
năng, phương án C – đầy đủ thiết bị, tiện nghi, phương án D – được trình bày một
cách thông minh. Đối chiếu với bài đọc, ta có thể thấy từ “well-supported” ở phương
án A thể hiện đúng nhất vì bài đọc được “support” bởi nhiều luận điểm và ví dụ thực
tiễn (photos of two political figures, statements by Abigail Hall, the tricks hotels and
cafés have adopted, the case of Davinia Taylor,...) vậy nên có thể nói rằng đây là một
bài viết chắc chắn, được hỗ trợ bởi hệ thống luận điểm và ví dụ đa dạng.

Part 3.

24. E

The expression 'behind every great man is a great woman' has been in use since the
mid-1940s, but undoubtedly the meaning behind this saying has been true for
centuries. This phrase more literally refers to both the practical and emotional
support women can give to their significant others who toil for success, yet it also
infers the disheartening idea that perhaps women haven't previously had the
opportunity to revel in their own successes… Never has this bleak interpretation
been more accurate than in the field of science, where women have usually taken a
back seat, and not by choice.

25. H

The acclaim for the discovery, however, and even the Nobel Prize, went to three men,
Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins, without any reference to Franklin's
input…Even in one of the winner's memoirs, we can see the attitude displayed
towards her, with the mentioned colleague even failing to call her by her proper name,
preferring nicknames that served to belittle her role in this ground-breaking finding
 26. D

However, perhaps the views on female scientists are too deeply embedded in the
scientific community for the situation to be rectified overnight… Still, efforts
continue to publicise the overlooked female scientists in history.

27. F

From a series of pop art posters showcasing pioneering scientists like Ada Lovelace
and Chien-Shiung Wu, to even rectifying past injustices by amending search-
engine results to reflect real contributions, the cause of female scientists is
gradually strengthening… For instance, try finding out about 'the Dean Method'
online.
28. A
However, rather than this being a pure case of gender inequality, perhaps the
defining factor is simply the historically unequal power relationship between
parties… The Matthew Effect can be summarised as the way in which
disproportionate recognition is attributed to someone who is more famous or
in a position of power

29. C

One effort we can all make is to encourage a shift in people's attitudes in general
and ensure that this shift is also reflected in the world of science… Perhaps science
will never reach an ideal world of an individual's contribution being equal to their
reward, but opening this subject up for reflection and discussion is essential, and
equal input for equal credit is just one aim to strive for.

30. G

Perhaps science will never reach an ideal world of an individual's contribution being
equal to their reward, but opening this subject up for reflection and discussion is
essential, and equal input for equal credit is just one aim to strive for… You may be
reading this article thinking that this is an issue you are powerless to change, but you
make up part of the world we share, and a sea change only happens through the
individual shifts in people's opinions.

Part 4
44 E

It may seem paradoxical, but Pollan uncovers evidence that people who cook are
thinner than those who rely on convenience foods for sustenance.
45 B

and readers of The Omnivore's Dilemma will recall the arduousness, the anxiety
and the trepidation with which he approached the preparation of his 'perfect meal'
in the final chapter.

46 C

Cooked, perhaps his most personal and engaging book, reaffirms why Pollan is such a
phenomenal success at selling his message, much of which involves explaining
subject matter that might otherwise be stultifying and pressing points that, in
lesser hands, would sound unbearably strident.

47 D

That he's thoroughly versed in the most recent evidence from evolutionary science
makes it pretty difficult to refute his claims

48 E

In a scene that approaches slapstick, the author describes an evening meal that he, his
wife and their teenage son 'prepared' from an assortment of frozen dinners, an
experiment designed to test the advantages of yielding the job of cooking to the
corporation, as so many harried consumers are wont to do. Juggling the various times
required and the stubborn limitation of being able to prepare only one microwave
entree at a time, Pollan and his family found not only that 'convenience' prohibited
sitting down together for a meal, but also that it was far more costly - both in time and
expense
- than throwing together a simple repast out of real food
49 A

In the half dozen years since The Omnivore's Dilemma became the benchmark
argument for knowing where the stuff you eat comes from, Michael Pollan has
ascended to the top of the locavore food chain. He's now arguably the most respected,
and certainly one of the most visible, proponents of locally grown and sourced food.

50 C
 He is a breathtakingly fine writer and a mesmerising storyteller. Even when he draws
material from other sources - works of science, history and anthropology, all
generously cited - his skill at weaving those separate strands into a forceful narrative
is singular and has rarely been equalled by any of the multitude of food critics,
celebrity chefs, and nutrition-obsessed crusaders.

51 B

Pollan has always been quick to point out that he is, in fact, a science journalist
whenever an interviewer pegs him as a food writer

52 A

Alice Waters may have been doing it longer and Eric Schlosser louder, but Pollan's
influence on how we eat and what we think about it has been widespread and
profound enough to reach the ear of our current commander in chief and to
spark a spate of serious activism around farm legislation. Waters coined a verb –
‘Pollanise’ – for what happens to your relationship with food after reading his work,
and the result has meant many people changing the way they eat, or at least
trying to.

53 D

In each chapter, Pollan takes the reader on a dizzying tour of the very particular
science behind cooking: what happens, for instance, to an onion when you chop it up
- the inherent sweetness of its liquid defensively exploding into a volatile compound
of sulphurous acids on penetration - as well as the magical permutations of taste that
evolve from the slow excretion of flavours as you sweat the humble vegetable into a
sauce.

IV. WRITING

Part 1: Summarize the following article in not more than 120 words. (15pts)

The mark given to part 1 is based on the following criteria:

1. Write good summary with enough content and clear, logical 5
information. pts
 2. Present the key points and main ideas in the right form of a paragraph. 5
Make sure that no important points have been omitted or distorted. pts
3. Use your own words or paraphrases with a variety use of synonyms, 5
different sentence structures and word class. You can change the order pts
of ideas where necessary.

Part 2: (15 points)

1. Completion: 3 pts

2. Content: 4 pts

- Cover the main information in the chart yet not go into too many details.

- Make general remarks and effective comparisons.

3. Organisation: 3 pts

- The ideas are well organized

- The description is sensibly divided into paragraphs

4. Language: 3pts

- Use a wide range of vocabulary and structure

- Good grammar

5. Punctuation and spelling: 2 pt

Part 3: (30 points)

1. Content: - Providing all main ideas and details as
(10%) required
- Communicating intentions sufficiently and
effectively
2. Language: - Demonstration of a variety of vocabulary and
(10%) structures appropriate to the level of English
language gifted upper-secondary school
students
 - Good use and control of grammatical
structures
- Good punctuation and no spelling mistakes
- Legible handwriting
3. - Ideas are well organized and presented with
Organization coherence, cohesion, and clarity
and - The essay is well-structured
Presentation:
(10%)

TEST 4
I.LISTENING

I. You will hear a discussion in which two marine biologists. Gina Kelso and Thomas
Ludman, talk about an award-winning television film they made about wildlife in
Antarctica. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you
hear. (10p.)
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5.

II. Listen to the conversation. Write T for True or F for False for each statement.
(10p.)
1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5.

III. You are going to hear two students, Brett and Mica, on an environmental
studies course talking to their tutor about photography assignment. Now listen and
answer questions 1-5. Write NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS for each answer. (10p.)
1. (the) landscape
2. (all) (the) stunning reflections
3. neck pain/hurting (your) neck
4. Scottish artists (and) designers
5. (matters related to) conservation
IV. Listen to the recording and fill in the missing information with NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. (20p.)

1. trouble dealing 6. best suited

2. human ingenuity 7. career self-knowledge
3. sustaining good 8. anxiety reduction
relationships
4. capitalism 9. real source
5. HR 10. wrong curriculum

TAPESCRIPTS

Part 1:

Interviewer: Today, we’re taking to marine biologists Gina Kelso and Thomas
Lundman, who you will recently have seen in their award-winning TV series
about Antarctica. So, Thomas, what’s it like to suddenly become a household
name?

Thomas: Well, we’re being interviewed for all sorts of publications and programmes
since our television series about the wildlife on Antarctica won a major award.
I’m often asked if I’ve always been interested in marine wildlife, and I find that
hard to answer. What about you, Gina?

Gina: That’s an easy one for me, Thomas. I grew up on African shores, where my father
worked for an international company. I could swim by the age of four, snorkel at
five. I guess I was destined for marine biology because I’ve always been as
happy in the water as on land. I remember a particular evening when I was about
eleven. It was dusk and I was snorkeling, and I came across hundreds of
stingrays entwined together. It was extraordinary; another world, and that was
the moment that decided me. Although I later went to school in the middle of
England, I’d lie
 awake at night dreaming of the ocean. Fortunately, I got into university to do
zoology and went on to do research in marine biology.

Thomas: And, like me, you’re been in wildlife filmmaking for how long… about
eight years now?

Gina: Yeah, I knew it was what I wanted to do, but instead of following the normal
route of joining a TV company as a researcher, I was lucky enough to be chosen
to take part in that first wildlife programme we did together. Do you remember?

Thomas: Yeah, where we made the first ever live broadcast under the sea. The
practice run was very funny. I had to dive into a swimming pool and give a
running commentary on some plastic plants that had been borrowed from a
studio to make it look more realistic. Fortunately, the programme itself was a
success and so one thing led to another after that, and we both moved more into
the production side.

Gina: And, it was tough making this latest series in Antarctica, wasn’t it?

Thomas: Well, the series is introduced by a well-known naturalist, dressed in a

thermal anorak with the hood drawn so tightly that you can only see his nose.

Gina: And you get an idea of what conditions were like, but he was only the presenter –
flown in to do his bit a flown back out again. We spent eight months there
filming with a team of cameramen and researchers, living on a specially adapted
boat.

Thomas: I didn’t think I’d stand a chance of working on the programme, because I
imagined they’d be looking for rugged types and I’m more the quiet academic.
So I was quite taken aback when they asked me. We went for spring and then
returned the following spring, because the winter would’ve been too cold. Even
then, on the Antarctic peninsula it can drop to minus fifteen degrees.

Gina: We were involved mostly with the underwater scenes. It’s a lot of warmer in the
sea, but we still had to wear extra-thick wetsuits and thermal underwear. The
thing
 about living in the remote research community was I missed hanging out with my
friends.

Thomas: But the Antarctic’s a place of incredible beauty and even after working sixteen-
hour days, there were still moments of peacefulness.

Gina: But being with the animals for so long, we got to see things the other scientists
hadn’t. One guy’s been studying fur seals for years – knows everything about
them – but he’s never seen them eat. He was thrilled when we were able to tell
him about it. And if we’d had his input at the time, we would have realized the
significance of what we’d seen and focused more on it.

Thomas: Absolutely. And the highlight of the trip was the day we entered a bay
carved into huge glaciers to find around forty humpback whales feeding. It was
very quiet, and we heard a soft explosion. It was the noise of the whales’
blowholes. What they do is dive down, and as they start to come up again they
release air bubbles from their blowholes. Then they swim round each other,
trapping the krill they eat in a curtain of bubbles. So it’s an extraordinarily
effective piece of teamwork that really increases their feeding efficiency. We
filmed them for ten days because we wanted a shot of them as they finished
eating. We waited and waited and then one day they just suddenly stopped.

Int.: And that’s……

Part 2:

A = Michael, B = Janet

A: I saw this fascinating program on TV last

night. B: Really? What was it about?

A: It was about art forgery. About how artists paint copies of famous works of art, and
then try to sell them as originals.

B: That sounds pretty interesting.

A: Yeah, it was. They also talked about how art buyers can take certain precautions to
make sure that they don’t accidentally buy one of these fakes. For example, they said
it’s a good idea to become very farmiliar with an artists’ style before you purchase
one of their pieces. You should have a sense of what colours, material and subject
matters the artist usually preffered, as well as what his or her brush strokes look like.

This one gallery owner said that signature location and mounting and framing
techniques can also alert you to poor copies. He also said that at his auction house,
all pieces must have a provenance. He said if auction houses and galleries come
across a piece of artwork without one, they will not sell it.

B: Provenance. I’ve heard that word before, but I’m not exactly sure what it means.

A: A provenance is a ‘paper history’, or documentary of an artwork’s life. Who bought it

from whom, when, and for how much. Reputable art dealers insist on being provided
with a provenance when a prospective client wants to sell a piece of artwork. If an
auction house does accidentally sell a forgery, it can be held liable for the selling
price.

B: So, if I’m interested in a painting, the seller should be able to produce this paper
trail.

A: Absolutely. Don’t buy it otherwise.

B: Ok. But I don’t think I’ll buy any famous paintings anytime soon.

A: Me neither. But, you never know. Anyway, what I really found interesting in this
show was the part about how experts – scentists – use different techniques to try and
tell the difference between real works of art and fakes.
A: For instance, very often, if you hold a black light to a painting, the signature may
jump out and look like it is resting on top of the painting. That means it’s probably a
fake. Also, an x-ray of the picture might show if the painting has been altered in any
way. And let’s say you are examining a painting that is supposed to be several
hundred years old. Well, an analysis of the paint – its chemical composition – can
tell you if it matches the kind of paint that was normally used back when the piece
was supposedly painted.

B: Wow. That’s pretty impressive.

A: Sometimes, experts have been able to see the artist’s fingerprints in the paint itself. If
they find fingerprints in the paint, they might be able to use them to determine who
really painted the work.

B: Did they show any examples of forgeries on this show. I mean, did they show any
forgeries next to original paintings?

A: Yes, and to the untrained eye, it was impossible to tell the difference. Some artists
who have had their artwork forged are Vermeer, Dali, and Picasso among many,
many others. They showed a few of these forgeries on the show.

B: So with all those ways of authenticating a painting, is the buying and selling of
forgeries common?

A: That’s really hard to say. As techniques for detecting forgeries have become more
sophisticated, so have the forgers. Some of these forgers have become so good, in
fact, that experts simply cannot tell the difference between their copies and am
original work. So in some cases it may be impossible to authenticate a painting. Get
this: some experts say that 40% to 60% of some private and public collections may
actually be fake.

B: Really?
A: Yep.

B: That’s incredible. It’ll make me think twice the next time I’m in an art museum.

A: And apparently some forgers have become famous for their forgeries and their work
is now considered valuable even though everyone knows they’re forgeries.

B: Wow. That sounds like a pretty interesting program. I wish I had seen it.

Part 3:

Tutor: Right, so do you have any further questions about the trip?

Brett: Well, yeah – I was wondering about the weather – They’re forecasting a lot of mist.

Tutor: Well, yes, but I wouldn’t worry – in the long run, you’ll still get your pictures.

Brett: But ….

Tutor: You just have to be careful. You know, experts say there’s no such thing as bad
weather when it comes to photography.

Mica: What about driving rain?

Tutor: Well, yes, that doesn’t make things easy, but it does mean that you need to take
the landscape into account. Perhaps to a greater degree than you would normally.

Mica: Is that because of shadow and things like that?

Tutor: Well, you get shadow in good weather.

Mica: Yeah – I guess so.

Brett: Um, I’m really looking forward to photographing the Scots pine trees. I want to
make the most of all the stunning reflections in the water.
Tutor: Just take your time, and you might capture an amazing reflection – you really
should profit from this with the water round you.

Mica: You were taking last week in your lecture about a piece of equipment called an
angle finder, and I’ve been checking them out on the Internet...

Tutor: Ah-hah, it’s a clever little device – particularly useful if you’re down on your
knees trying to get really close to something in the grass, like an insect or bird.

Brett: I’ve got one actually – and what’s great about it is that it prevents neck pain,
because it’s like a periscope on a submarine – you can lie down and look
through it without hurting you neck.

Mica: Definitely worth buying, then!

Tutor: Now, is there anything else?

Brett: Well, I’ve been looking at some wildlife paintings by Scottish artists. I thought
they might help me get ideas.

Mica: That’s a good suggestion.

Tutor: Some designers can be helpful, too.. . .they can help give you ideas about camera
angles and how you use natural light.

Mica: Hmm, I’ll look into that. One other thing......I know you said we should consider
matters related to conservation when we choose a scene to photograph.

Tutor: I made that point because, well, images like the ones you’re going to take can
sometimes reveal some of the conservation problems faced by species and
habitats. It’s just something to bear in mind.

Part 4: What is education for?

Everyone agrees that education is hugely important. The thing is we’re not particularly
sure what we want from it. The aim of education should be to prepare us for the
challenges of adult life. Yet from this perspective it’s clear that schools fail all. But for
tiny portions of their students, whether in highly academic private schools or in deprived
government– run ones trouble dealing with life’s challenges remains fairly widespread
indeed. Human ingenuity, energy, goodwill, and talent are being lost on an industrial
scale. To get more ambitious about education doesn’t necessarily mean spending more
money, building more schools, employing more teachers or making exams more
difficult. Rather it should mean focusing more on the real purpose of education. There
are 2 fundamental tasks it should help us with: working and sustaining good
relationships. In order to address these needs a future national curriculum might specify
that the following subjects be studied. Firstly, capitalism. A conspiracy of silence exists
around the economic system we live with it. We find it hard to change its bad sides or
depend its strengths because we simply don’t fully understand how it works. A subject
like math should be geared to teach its number one utility for 99% of the population:
dealing with money. Such classes would demystify the global economy by teaching
students the importance of the means of production and how profits are made. The role
of cash flow, HR, leadership, marketing and competition would also be studied. In a
perfect school system you’d also then study a really big second subject yourself. Young
students would be introduced to the idea that we humans are extremely prone to
misunderstanding ourselves. They would be taken through the concepts of delusion,
defensiveness, projection and denial in everyday life. Individual tutors would be on hand
to help students towards personality maps with particular attention paid to their neurosis
and fears. Doing this would ensure that students learn a lot about how complex they truly
are and what types of people they would be best suited to hang out with.

A crucial unit would be devoted to career self-knowledge. What job are you best suited
to? Students would spend three hours a week exploring what they might do with their
futures. Then we would study relationships. Being intensely aware of the social and
individual cost of every unhappy relationship. An ideal education system would
emphasize the acquisition of skills that help people to live better together. There would
be units on kindness and forgiveness as well as on anxiety-reduction techniques. In this
educational utopia it
wouldn’t only be children who would go to school, but adults as well. Schooling would
be for life. Education wouldn’t just be taking place in classrooms. Media and the arts
would be made to maximize their teaching potential and help to teach people what they
actually need to learn.

We are also hung up on the challenges of running a massive education system we’re
failing to pinpoint the real source of its problems there are primarily about money,
salaries or discipline. These are really only a consequence of a more fundamental
problem. Right now and with no-one quite meaning for this to happen we’ve simply got
the wrong curriculum.

II. LEXXIO-GRAMMAR
Part 1.

1. I goofed off for the first two years of college, but I turned into a real once I
realized the importance of my academic performance.

A sly dog B study animal C eager beaver D war horse

study animal = someone who studies very hard or very often

a sly dog =Someone who, through cunning, devious, or dishonest means, achieves a
fortuitous outcome.

eager beaver =a person who is willing to work very hard

war horse = người lính, nhà chính trị.. đã chiến đấu/đấu tranh trong nhiều chiến
dịch/Người nhớ dai (những chuyện tình xưa...)

2.I rarely take my kids to the library because he can be a bit of _ , running around
and making a mess.

A a bull in a china shop B a pig in mud

C a bird in the hand D a duck in Arizona

a bull in a china shop = a person who is careless, or who moves or acts in a rough way, in
a place or situation where skill and care are needed

as) happy as a pig in mud =Very joyful and contented.

a bird in the hand (is worth two in the bush) =said when you recognize that you should
not risk losing something you already have by trying to get something you think might be
better

(as) happy as a duck in Arizona =Unhappy or miserable. The predominately dry, desert
environment of Arizona is meant to contrast with a duck's aquatic habitat.

3.I know you really want the promotion, but telling the boss about my personal problems
was .

A under the hatches B under thumb

C below the belt D below par

below the belt = (of a remark) unfair or cruel

4. Don’t worry, I am confident that Annie will manage to solve the quiz soon,she is as
sharp as .

A a blaze B a blade C a knife D a tack

as sharp as a tack = very witty, mentally acute

5. Kids, please hold your , let’s sing the birthday song before we start
eating the cake!

A. tatters B horses C brake D tongue

hold your horses = be calm and patient

6. If you desire some practical lessons before your start-up, there are clear to
be drawn from the failure of these companies.

A cheeks B chapters C morals D policies

moral (n) = a practical lesson that a story, an event or an experience teaches

you

7. There's nothing more disheartening than to slog your guts_ on an assignment, only for
the computer to crash and delete all your work.

A. off B. on C. out D. over

flog/work/slog your guts out: làm việc chăm8

8. Although the matter was outside my _of responsibility, I still lent her
a helping hand.

A bound B orbit C sphere D hall

sphere (n) = an area of activity, influence or interest; a particular section of society

9.I don’t think the two directors would cooperate again in the second part, there

was a real personality _ between them.

A disagreement B brawl C clash D discord

personality clash [collocation] = a situation in which two or more people have very
different characters and are unable to have a good relationship with each other

10. With so many manuscripts arriving daily, it's a challenge to_ the wheat from the

chaff and spot the really exceptional ones.

A,break B. detach C. separate D. disconnect

separate the wheat from the chaff: tách bạch rõ ràng cái tốt cái xấu, cái hay cái dở.

11.When Tony came in class with his ridiculous costume, he was greeted with

of laughter.

A clap B blasts C gales D rounds

gale(s) of laughter = the sound of people laughing very loudly

12. The kids are in the steam-filled room, and the girl seems grateful for adult
conversation.

A. impinging on B. larking about C. ploughing ahead D. floating out

larking about= have fun by behaving in a silly way

plough ahead =to continue to do something in spite of opposition or difficulties

impinge on/upon sb/sth=have an effect on something, often causing problems by limiting
it in some way:

13.The architecture chose a gentle colour scheme to create a relaxing_ for the
owner’s bedroom.

A ambience B complex C palette D sentiment

ambience (n) = the character and atmosphere of a place

14.Unlike in the North, apricot blossoms are the of Tet in the South of
Vietnam.

A pulse B heartbeat C compass D avatar

heartbeat (n) = an important feature of something, that is responsible for making

it what it is

15.While everybody else all or the Shang-Shi premiere, director Chloe Zhao
dressed casually in jeans and a loose-fitting top as if she was just dropping

by.

A gussied up B bobbed up C blazed up D bucked up

gussy up = to dress yourself in an attractive way; to make somebody/something more

attractive, especially in a showy way

Part 2.
1. PLACEMENT (n) = the act of placing something in a particular position, or
the position of something
2. SELF-EXPLANATORY(adj)=easilyunderstoodfromtheinformationalready given and
not needing furtherexplanation
3. SEVERANCE (n) = the act of ending a connection or relationship
4 MOONSCAPE (n) = an area of land that is empty, with no trees, water, etc., and
looks like the surface of themoon
5 LIVESTOCK (n) = animals and birds that are kept on a farm, such
Part 3.
1. access-> access to stb = tiếp cận với cái gì
2. melting -> melting pot =a place where many different people and ideas exist
together, often mixing and producing something new
3. to -> be privy to sth =to be told information that is not told to many people:
4. stands-> stand t0 reason = be obvious
5. Included = bao gồm
6. This
7. as -> cấu trúc đảo ngữ với as
8. undergone = trải qua
9. even = ngay cả
10. born = sinh ra

III.READING

Part 1.

1. viii

In the opening pages of Aspirin: The Remarkable Story of a Wonder Drug, Diarmuid
Jeffreys describes this little white pill as ‘one of the most amazing creations in
medical history, a drug so astonishingly versatile that it can relieve headache, ease your
aching limbs, lower your temperature and treat some of the deadliest human diseases’.

In Paragraph A, the writer describes Aspirin as an “amazing creation” and list its various
benefits. Therefore, the answer is viii.

2. iv

Its properties have been known for thousands of years. Ancient Egyptian physicians used
extracts from the willow tree as an analgesic, or pain killer. Centuries later the Greek
physician Hippocrates recommended the bark of the willow tree as a remedy for the
pains of childbirth and as a fever reducer. But it wasn't until the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries that salicylates, the chemical found in the willow tree, became
the subject of serious scientific investigation. The race was on to identify the active
ingredient and to replicate it synthetically. At the end of the nineteenth century a
German company,
Friedrich Bayer & Co. succeeded in creating a relatively safe and very effective
chemical compound, acetylsalicylic acid, which was renamed aspirin.

In paragraph B, the writer mentions the discovery of salicylates – a chemical in willow

trees with remarkable healing property. Therefore, the answer is iv.

3. ix

The late nineteenth century was a fertile period for experimentation, partly because of
the hunger among scientists to answer some of the great scientific questions, but
also because those questions were within their means to answer. One scientist in a
laboratory with some chemicals and a test tube could make significant breakthroughs
whereas today, in order to map the human genome for instance, one needs ‘an army of
researchers, a bank of computers and millions and millions of dollars’.

The author attributes scientific advancements partly to the thirst for knowledge among
scientists. Another reason given is that in the 19 th century, small-scale research was
enough to make important discoveries. Therefore, the answer is ix.

4. vi

But an understanding of the nature of science and scientific inquiry is not enough on its
own to explain how society innovates. In the nineteenth century, scientific advance was
closely linked to the industrial revolution. This was a period when people frequently had
the means, motive and determination to take an idea and turn it into reality. In the case
of aspirin that happened piecemeal - a series of minor, often unrelated advances,
fertilised by the century’s broader economic, medical and scientific developments,
that led to one big final breakthrough.

The author mentions that the development of aspirin happened piecemeal-a series of
minor, often unrelated advances, which is a synonym of “an unstructured pattern of
development”. Therefore, the answer is vi.

5. x

The link between big money and pharmaceutical innovation is also a significant one.
Aspirin’s continued shelf life was ensured because for the first 70 years of its life, huge
amounts of money were put into promoting it as an ordinary everyday analgesic. In the
1970s other analgesics, such as ibuprofen and paracetamol, were entering the market,
and the pharmaceutical companies then focused on publicising these new drugs. But just
at the same time, discoveries were made regarding the beneficial role of aspirin in
preventing heart attacks, strokes and other afflictions. Had it not been for these
findings, this pharmaceutical marvel may well have disappeared.

The author mentions new applications of aspirin such as preventing heart attacks, strokes
and other afflictions. Therefore, the answer is x. The heading iii is tempting but it is
wrong because this paragraph doesn’t mention that drug companies made the new
discoveries.

6. v

So the relationship between big money and drugs is an odd one. Commercial markets
are necessary for developing new products and ensuring that they remain around
long enough for scientists to carry out research on them. But the commercial
markets are just as likely to kill off' certain products when something more
attractive comes along. In the case of aspirin, a potential ‘wonder drug' was around for
over 70 years without anybody investigating the way in which it achieved its effects,
because they were making more than enough money out of it as it was. If ibuprofen or
paracetamol had entered the market just a decade earlier, aspirin might then not be here
today. It would be just another forgotten drug that people hadn't bothered to explore.

The author explains that commercial companies have both good and bad effects on
drugs: necessary for developing new products, and killing off certain products when
something more attractive comes along. Therefore, the answer is v.

7. NOT GIVEN

The author never comments on the nature of aspirin discovery.

8. NOT GIVEN

The author compares the difference between how researches were carried out in the late
19th century and today but he/she doesn’t mention any change that happened during the
19th century.

9. NO

One scientist in a laboratory with some chemicals and a test tube could make significant
breakthroughs whereas today, in order to map the human genome for instance, one needs
‘an army of researchers, a bank of computers and millions and millions of dollars’.

10. YES
Aspirin’s continued shelf life was ensured because for the first 70 years of its life, huge
amounts of money were put into promoting it as an ordinary everyday analgesic.

Aspirin financial success was mostly attributed to extensive promotions from drug
companies.

11. NOT GIVEN

In the 1970s sales of new analgesic drugs overtook sales of aspirin.

The author mentions that aspirin’s position was swayed by the advent of new drugs but
doesn’t mention sales.

12. YES

In the case aspirin, a potential ‘wonder drug' was around for over 70 years without
anybody investigating the way in which it achieved its effects, because they were
making more than enough money out of it as it was.

The author mentions the reason the way aspirin achieved its effects was not investigated.
He/she indicates that pharmaceutical companies didn’t investigate the way aspirin
worked because they were making more than enough money out of it, which means they
think that the drug has been already exploited to its full potential.

13. YES

More public money going into clinical trials, says Jeffreys. ‘If I were the Department of
Health. I would say “this is a very inexpensive drug. There may be a lot of other things
we could do with it." We should put a lot more money into trying to find out

Part 2.

14. D

In the passage, Sara T. Smith addresses the Second Anti-Slavery Convention of

American Women. In the second sentence of the first paragraph, Smith states that
confronting slavery is “a question of justice” and that it involves “considerations of
immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country.” In the third
paragraph, Smith argues that women shouldn’t be deterred from participating in the
abolitionist cause. In the last paragraph, she argues that women “cannot remain inactive”
in confronting slavery as “our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman. Let
our course, then, still
be onward!” Therefore, Smith’s main purpose in the passage is to encourage women to
see their participation in the abolitionist cause as just and important.

15. A

Throughout the passage, Smith poses questions that aren’t answered explicitly until the
last paragraph, but the leading tone of the speech makes it clear that the implied answer
to these questions is “no.” In the second paragraph, Smith questions her critics’ claim
that upholding humanitarian values undermines conventional feminine virtues. In the
third paragraph, she wonders how women can “have no interest” in the subject of
slavery when it could lead to the destruction of their families through war. In the last
paragraph, she asks women numerous questions and then answers them with a “no.”
Thus, a technique that Smith uses throughout the passage to advance her main point is to
present her claims in the form of rhetorical questions that mostly have implicit negative
answers.

16. B

In the first sentence of the passage, Smith introduces the argument that slavery is a
“political question” and therefore not “within the ‘province of woman.’” In the second
sentence, Smith voices her opposition to this argument: “It is not true that [slavery] is
merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality,
of religion.” In other words, slavery is too broad a problem to be classified solely as
“political,” in Smith’s view. However, in the fourth paragraph, Smith returns to the
political aspect of the argument at hand by addressing how women must engage in the
subject of slavery on a political scale. She argues that “admitting [slavery] to be a
political question” doesn’t mean that women have “no interest in the welfare of our
country,” as women must criticize slavery and its “unjust laws” and seek to stop the
nation’s “downward course” by choosing to not “remain inactive.” Therefore, Smith
develops her argument about slavery as a “political question” over the course of the
passage by dismissing the designation as too narrow but then demonstrates its relevance
to her audience.

17. B

In the first sentence of the passage, Smith relays a claim: “We are told that it is not
within the ‘province of woman,’ to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a ‘political
question,’ and we are ‘stepping out of our sphere,’ when we take part in its discussion.”
In the next sentence, Smith rejects this claim: “It is not true that it is merely a political
question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion.” She
then argues that the subject of slavery “involves considerations of immense importance
to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into the home-concerns, the
every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings” and expands upon this point by
providing an example of
the difference, under slavery, between laborers who are enslaved and those who are
within the “dignity of conscious manhood.” Therefore, the best summary of the first
paragraph is that Smith rejects a claim and elaborates on her reasons for doing so.

18. A

In the first sentence of the second paragraph, Smith relays the sentiment, presumably
voiced by those opposed to women abolitionists, that “woman’’ can take no part [in the
debate over slavery] without losing something of the modesty and gentleness which are
her most appropriate ornaments.’” Smith opposes this view in the following sentence:
“must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart is open to the claims of
humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters,
and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?” The leading tone of this rhetorical
question makes it clear that Smith would answer it with a “no.” Thus, Smith argues that
it is possible for women to act according to humanitarian principles while preserving
their femininity.

19. A

The previous question asks which activity Smith argues it is possible for women to
engage in. The answer, that she argues that women can act according to humanitarian
principles while preserving their femininity, is best supported in the last sentence of the
second paragraph: “must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart is open to
the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her
enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?” The leading tone of
this rhetorical question makes it clear that Smith would answer it with a “no.” In other
words, Smith believes that women can uphold humanitarian principles while
maintaining conventional feminine virtues.

20. C

Choice C is the best answer. In the first sentence of the third paragraph, Smith states “by
the Constitution of the United States, the whole physical power of the North is pledged
for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by
oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are
bound to make common cause with the tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet,
every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom.” In other words,
according to Smith, if slaves were to revolt, the US Constitution would require that
Northern states help the slave states fight the slaves’ rebellion.

21. D
The word “tyrant” describes a cruel and unfair ruler. It is first used in the first sentence
of the third paragraph, when Smith argues that in the event of a slave rebellion in the
slave states, “the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the tyrant,
and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the
attainment of his freedom.” The word occurs again in the seventh sentence of the last
paragraph, when Smith asserts the strength of women’s “aspirations that every inhabitant
of our land may be protected . . . by just and equal laws” so that “the foot of the tyrant
may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary.” In both instances, the word “tyrant” is
used to represent slaveholders and their allies. Thus, Smith’s use of “tyrant” emphasizes
the unjustness of slavery.

14. C

In the last sentence of the third paragraph, Smith argues that the threat of a war
precipitated by slavery “is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of
woman” to speak out against slavery’s injustice. In other words, women have the
potential to protest slavery, but they have been relatively inactive, or dormant, up until
now. Therefore, the word “slumbering,” as used in this sentence, most nearly means
dormant.

15. A

The fifth sentence of the last paragraph poses the following question: “Shall we silently
behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of children, rendered a
hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the
death-bell of her decease among the nations?” In other words, the continuation of
slavery in the United States is being criticized “throughout the world,” such that the
existence of slavery affects the United States by lowering the country’s reputation in the
international community.

Part 3.
69. G

“You can still hear the bitterness in the voice of Amrit Kaur Singh, an artist, many
years after she was ridiculed at university for producing work that was virtually
indistinguishable from that of her identical twin, Rabindra.” connects with “They
both remember the sneering words
of the examiners: "Haven't you ever tried to be different?" "As if," Amrit says
contemptuously, "we had ever actually tried to be the same."

70. D

“It is a fascinating theme, one that has brought them professional recognition and an
annoying, but commercially useful, media obsession with their twin status. It is,
as
they both admit, "a double-edged sword." connects with “This is the challenge
facing every twin, and every parent of twins: how to find a natural identity and
independence in a society that is both fascinated and repelled by the idea of
replica human beings.”

71. A

"People are not sure how to deal with twins. There is a weirdness about the idea that
makes people treat them like freaks," says Liz Traynor, mother of identical seven-
year-old twins, John and Angus.” connects with “ Liz has fought to treat her boys
as individuals, fighting off attempts by others to lump them together as "the twins".

72. F

“Liz has fought to treat her boys as individuals, fighting off attempts by others to
lump them together as "the twins". They dress differently and sleep in different
rooms. On their birthday, they will have two cakes and separate parties with
different guests. When young, they attended playgroup on separate days. At
school, Liz requested different classes.” connects with “Liz confesses. "They are
extremely alike, even losing teeth at the same times, and many people can't tell them
apart, but because of our efforts, they have emerged as individuals, with different
personalities, different interests and different friends.”

73. C

“Her six-year-old twins, Amy and Karina, have spent their childhood in matching
outfits. They ride around on identical bikes. Presents must always be the same.
They sleep in bunks, top to toe in the same one. When school decided to separate
them, the twins were unhappy and so was their mother.” connects with "They
were quite upset. They are very close. I wanted them to have their own beds, but
they always end up in the same one. My mum bought them different coats, but Amy
just wanted Karina's. I buy them the same all the time just to save arguments,"
she says.”

74. H

“But treating the girls alike has brought problems as well as benefits. "I do enjoy the
attention when I take them out dressed the same. I also prevent jealousy by always
being fair. However, I worry that they won't grow up to lead their own lives. I want
them to be more independent, but often they still want to be the same. It's very
difficult. They are twins after all. Who am I to force them apart?" connects with
“Barney Allcock, father of two-year-old twins Alec and Max, agrees. His wife Jane
founded their local twin club. "You've got to treat twins exactly the same,
otherwise they fight." says Barney.”
 75. E

“As for Amrit and Rabindra, Gina says: "It is very common for twins to follow the
same career path, even when they are comfortable with their own individuality. The
Singh twins' experience just shows how we have failed to educate the public on the
subject of twins. People think they are copying each other when they are just the same
by nature. People think they are copying each other when they are just the same by
nature. They end up being forced to make a
statement about it. It's sad." connects with “It is difficult, however, to feel sad
about the Singh twins.”
Part 4.
44 D

There are other questions that arise concerning the role of photography in society that
have aimed to determine whether the camera operates as a mute, passive recorder of
what is happening or whether it possesses the voice and power to instigate social
change.

45 E

It has even been suggested that we now inhabit the ‘post-photographic era’ – where
technological and cultural change have devalued photography to such an extent
that events have taken us beyond the photograph’s use and value as a medium of
communication

46 C

Because of the camera’s perceived realism in its ability to replicate visual perception,
it was assumed that all peoples would ‘naturally’ be able to understand
photographs. This gave rise to the question of whether photography constituted a
‘universal language’.

47 B

The popular notion that ‘seeing is believing’ had always afforded special status to
the visual image.

48 A
 During this relatively short history, the medium has expanded its capabilities in the
recording of time and space, thus allowing human vision to be able to view the
fleeting moment or to visualise both the vast and the minuscule.

49 E

Furthermore, perhaps we should be asking if the advent of digital imagery means that
photography, initially born from painting, has turned full circle and has now returned
to emulating painting – its progenitor.

50 B

Not only did it hold out the promise of providing a record of vision, but it had the
capacity to
make such representation enduring.

51 D

We may further speculate whether the camera provides images that have a truly
educational function or if it operates primarily as a source of amusement.

52 A

Over the past one and a half centuries, photography has been used to record all
aspects of human life and activity.

53 C

In the mid-nineteenth century, the invention of photography appeared to offer the

promise of ‘automatically’ providing an accurate visual record. It was seen not only as
the culmination of visual representation but, quite simply, the camera was regarded
as a machine that could provide a fixed image.

IV.WRITING

Part 1 (15 points)

The summary:

- must capture the important details of (each paragraph of) the original;
- must retain the style and message of the original;
- must show a thorough understanding of the original (by means of paraphrasing,
interpreting, etc…)
- must NOT copy whole sentences of the original.

Part 2 (15 points)

Part 3 (30 points)

Notes:

The mark given to part 2 and 3 is based on the following criteria:

1. Content (35 % of total mark)

a. Providing all main ideas and details as required
b. Communicating intentions sufficiently and effectively
2. Organization and presentation (30% of total mark)
a. Ideas are well-organized and presented with coherence, cohesion, and clarity
b. The essay is well-structured
3. Language (30% of total mark)
a. Demonstration of a variety of vocabulary and structures appropriate to level of
English language of gifted upper secondary school students
b. Good use and control of grammatical structures
4. Punctuation, spelling and handwriting (5 % of total mark)
a. Good punctuation and no spelling mistakes
Legible handwriting

TEST 5
I. LISTENING

Part 1.
 1C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B

Part 2.
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T

Part 3.
1. Footage 2. Air farming 3. 580 ml 4. Hong Kong 5. A valley
( of pollution )

Part 4.

1. received
2. three (ranking) countries
3. 2600/ twenty-six hundred
4. single-payer
5. Singapore’s GDP
6. medical savings account
7. deducted (and set aside)
8. private and public care
9. bang for their buck
10. centralized healthcare/ single-payer healthcare

AUDIO SCRIPTS

Part 1.
Part 2.

The extensive network which makes up the Grand Union Canal is, without doubt, a truly
extraordinary piece of engineering. Begun in the late 18 th century, the majority of the canal
system was built without the benefits of modern technology or public finance. It is a truly grand
canal. But why is it known as the Grand Union Canal? From 1790 to 1929 a large number of
competing, independently owned canals were constructed, their waterwaysnot uniform in size and
often unable to carry the larger vessels from other sections. Through a series of takeovers, the
various companies eventually amalgamated and created a “union” of canals which could form a
continuous link between Birmingham, London and other important industrial areas. Along every
stretch of canal, you will find this heritage retained. Traditionally-painted-narrow boats are still
guided by original mile posts, while working examples of mills, pump houses, ancient locks and
keepers’ cottages are a common sight on any journey.
The Grand Union Canal boasts an extraordinary variety of wildlife, from feeding herons and
hunting owls to rare water voles. Natural habitats are numerous as a result of cleaner waters and
the declining industrial traffic. The hedgerows and canal banks have proved an ideal location for
a number of diverse species to thrive in this tranquil and often unique environment.

A car-free and carefree way to appreciate the beauty of the canal – and at your own pace – is by
walking. Whether you are looking for organized or independent towpath walks, we can help you
with your planning. Each waterway office can supply information on circular walks, waterside
pubs plus suggested routes and specific points of interest. There are many stations within easy
reach of the Grand Union Canal. Why not try a one-way walk, returning to your starting point by
train?

We’re keen to encourage both experienced and inexperienced anglers onto the well-stocked canal
network and reservoirs. We lease certain sections to established clubs who welcome non-
members for a small daily fee. Before you fish, check with your local British Waterways office
for information on access and availability. Rod licenses are obligatory, and can be obtained from
your local post office.

Last but not least, the towpaths are wonderful for cycling. Free of traffic, free of fumes and free
of hills. Miles of accessible towpaths through some of England’s finest countryside. We can all
share the delights of the canal system so please be considerate to other users. Surfaces vary from
stony pathways to smooth asphalt – but that’s all part of the enjoyment.

Part 3.

An English entrepreneur has started a booming business from selling bottled, British
countryside air to Chinese consumers. Leo De Watts, 27, struck upon the idea of selling air to
China after seeing news footage of pollution and smog in Chinese cities. He guessed there
was a market for cleaner air. De Watts launched his company last year in the somewhat
imaginatively named industry of "air farming". His team "harvests" air in bottles from
various locations across Britain and ships it to China. Even though the air is cheap to collect,
De Watts puts a hefty price on his products. Chinese lovers of British air have to pay around
$115 for a 580 ml bottle of the fresh stuff.

De Watts was born in the British countryside and said he appreciates the quality of the air in
rural Britain. He now lives in Hong Kong where he sells his fresh air at local street markets.
A lot of his merchandise is sold in Chinese cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, where
pollution can be particularly bad. He said his Chinese customers can be quite fussy about
exactly what kind of air they buy. He explained in a promotional video that: "Quite often, a
lot of our orders are bespoke. We have clients who request very particular circumstances for
their air. Sometimes we'll be at the top of a mountain, and other times at the bottom of a
valley." He added: "There's really a market for this. We've just started."

Part 4.

In June 2017, the United States Senate rejected a third attempt under President Donald Trump to
repeal the Affordable Care Act. This failure was the latest development in the US’s slow move
towards socialized healthcare. But in fact, the United States has long had one of the worst
balances between what healthcare costs each citizen, and what benefit they get out of it.

In the rest of the world, citizens pay much less, or nothing, and often receive higher quality care,
with higher life expectancy and lower rates of disease.

So, we wanted to know, which countries get Whicthe most out of their healthcare?

Well, since 2012, the Bloomberg Health-Care Efficiency Index has measured exactly this
balance. As of 2016-2017one of the top three ranking countries was Spain.

3. Spain
Spain is an above average representation of healthcare in OECD countries and spends roughly
twenty-six hundred dollars per person with an average life expectancy of nearly 84 years. About
ten percent of the country’s GDP goes towards healthcare costs, which are largely subsidized by
the government.

This system of socialized medicine is globally known as “single-payer”, and most citizens see no
out-of-pocket expenses when they visit public hospitals. In fact, the right to healthcare is
guaranteed in Spain’s constitution. However, this system also leads to complaints about delays in
seeing doctors beyond primary care or getting specialized surgeries.

Ranking Second on the Efficiency-Index is another country with universal healthcare, Singapore.

2. Singapore

Unlike Spain, Singapore requires that care is NEVER provided for free, in order to avoid wasteful
use of the system. Instead, healthcare costs are kept artificially low through government
subsidies, which compared to Spain, only use 1.6% of Singapore’s GDP.

In addition to implementing price controls on medical care and medication, the country uses a
system known as Medisave. This is a medical savings account, where up to 9 percent of employee
salaries are required to be deducted and set aside and can be used for personal or family care. This
combination means that costs are low, while the quality of care is one of the highest in the world.

But overall, the best, and most efficient healthcare system is reportedly in the autonomous
territory of Hong Kong.

1. Hong Kong

Interestingly, the territory uses a combination of private and public care, with one of the highest
life expectancies in the world, costing just $2000 dollars per citizen, and comprising just 3% of
the GDP.
However, Hong Kong’s high ranking healthcare may not be exactly what it seems at first glance.
First of all, while public healthcare plans can be purchased at low costs, the wait to see specialists
or to get certain surgeries can be excessive, with some sources claiming 5-year wait lists.

On the other hand, private hospitals are reportedly speedy but very expensive. This combination
of low-cost care for routine visits and medication, with high priced elective or specialized care,
makes Hong Kong’s system incredibly efficient, and difficult to overburden, thereby avoiding
raising costs for everyone.

While these three countries get the most bang for their buck, with very high standards of care and
life expectancy, they are also difficult to apply broadly around the world.

Singapore and Hong Kong have populations of under ten million people, meaning that most
health factors are uniform throughout the region and population. By comparison, the United
States is enormous, with a population of over 320 million, making centralized, or single payer
healthcare more difficult to implement without serious complications.

Nonetheless, US healthcare costs are astronomical, with medical bills being the number one cause
of bankruptcy for Americans.

II. LEXXIO-GRAMMAR

Part 1.

1. Our teacher tends to certain subjects which she finds difficult to talk about

A.boil down B.string along C. skate over D.track down

skate over/around sth=avoid dealing completely with something or to fail to pay enough attention
to it

string sb along =to deceive someone for a long time about what you are really intending to do

track down someone/something =to search for someone or something, often when it is difficult to
find that person or thing
boil down to sth=If a situation or problem boils down to something, that is the main reason for it

2. The game turned into a when Harry caught the golden snitch, with the
Gryffindor winning by 180 to 40.

A rout B shutout C fit D bash

rout (n) =a situation in which somebody is defeated completely in a battle or competition

3. “Under the hawthorn” is a(n) tale of pure young love set during the

Cultural Revolution that has brought many people to tears.

A amorous B poignant C mordant D doting

poignant (adj) = having a strong effect on your feelings, especially in a way that

makes you feel sad

4. When the school year ends and I won’t have to meet my annoying deskmate

again, I will definitely tell her the !

A Ps and Qs B home truth C good grief D nuts and bolts

home truth = a true but unpleasant fact about yourself that another person tells

you

good heavens/grief/gracious!=used to emphasize how surprised, angry, shocked, etc. you are

D nuts and bolts = phần thiết yếu, quan trọng

mind your p's and q's =to make an effort to be especially polite in a particular situatio

5. I had an ambition of getting the First prize in the National Contest, but I knew it was just a
in the sky.

A pig B star C buffalo D pie

a pie in the sky = something good that is unlikely to happen

6. After having a whale of a time at my wedding yesterday, my colleague was looking a little
when he came to work this morning.

A around the bend B in a fog

C off his trolley D green around the gills

green around the gills = to look ill, as if going to vomit

around the bend =mentally confused or unable to act in a reasonable way

To be in a fog =Không hiểu gì, hoàn toàn mù tịt

off your trolley =behaving in an extremely unusual way or doing something very silly:

7. Temporarily, the number of COVID-19 cases has ceased to increase, but I can see more
problems _ .

A carrying the day B coming down the pike

C arriving on the scene D drifting with the tide

come down the pike = to happen; to become easy to notice

carry the day =to gain victory or be successful:

drift with the tide=to agree with other people and not make your own decisions

arrive (up)on the scene = To reach a destination, usually as something is happening there.

8. The authority seems powerless to of violence across the city after the new
law was implemented.

A beat the air B hold the fire C stem the tide D step off the curb

stem the tide = stop something from increasing or continuing

Beat the air" = Đập không khí -> Làm điều vô ích, phí công.

hang/hold fire =to delay making a decision

Step off the curb" = bước ra khỏi lề đường -> nghĩa là chết (ngụ ý từ lề đường lao vào đầu xe
9. The small-scale demonstration later escalated into a battle with the police,
involving more than 800 protesters and causing serious traffic congestion across the city.

A pitched B racked C heaped D scrap

pitched battle (n) = a fight that involves a large number of people

10. Now that I have to work closely with the CEO on this project, I feel like I have a_ by the tail.

A. lion B,horse C,tiger D,wolf

have (got/catch) a tiger by the tail: động chạm tới quyền lực và nguy hiểm, hoặc có vấn đề khó
giải quyết.

11. In the system of constitutional monarchy, the Queen may have privilege but she has
no real political .

A loft B swathe C clout D nought

clout (n) = power and influence

loft =a space at the top of a building under the roof used for storing things and usually entered by
a ladder, or sometimes made into a room for living in

swathe =a long strip or large area especially of land

nought =the number 0 or zero

12. The needs of today's children cannot be met by the traditional _of education
we’re using, in which emphasis is placed solely on theoretical knowledge.

A prototype B paradigm C emblem D epitome

paradigm (n) = a model of sth

13. Newspapers _tributes to Professor Albus Dumbledore after his heroic sacrifice
in the battle against the evils.

A bristled with B hedged in C plucked at D talked into

bristle with = to have a large amount of something, or to be full of something

14. My parents thought the costs of the trip would only remain in their calculations, but
unexpected additional expenses later _their budget.

A drank in B gobbled up C harped on D copped out

gobble up = to use something very quickly

drink in=To absorb and enjoy something thoroughly.

harp on (about sth) =to talk or complain about something many times

cop out =to avoid doing something that you should do or that you have promised to do because
you are frightened, shy, or you think it is too difficult:

15. Scout decided that her brother Jem needed some time to after a terrible night so
she tried to keep some distance from him.

A cry off B drill down C come off D simmer down

simmer down = to become calm after a period of anger or excitement

cry off =to decide not to do something that you have arranged to do

drill down =to look for something on a computer or website by moving from general information
to more detailed information
come off =to happen as planned, or to succeed

Part 2.
1.DOWNCAST (adj) = (of a person or an expression) sad or depressed
2 MASH-UPS (n) = a combination of elements from different sources usedto create a new
song, video, computer file, program,etc.
3 MIDWAY (adv) = with some of the characteristics of one thing and some of
another 4 SEMICIRCULAR (adj) = forming or having a shape like one half of a
circle
5 BANDWIDTH (n) = the energy or capacity that you need to do something
Part 3.
1. Was
2. without
 3. to
4. how
5. while/ whilst/ whereas/ although/ though
6. in
7. mission
8. which
9. there
10. despite

III. READING

Overdosing on nothing
A
An international protest this week aims to demonstrate the truth about homeopathy-that there’s
literally nothing in it, says Martin Robbins AT 10.23 am on 30 January, more than 300 activists
in the UK, Canada, Australia and the US will take part in a mass homeopathic “overdose”.
Skeptics will publicly swallow an entire bottle of homeopathic pills to demonstrate to the public
that homeopathic remedies, the product of a scientifically unfounded 18th-century ritual, are
simply sugar pills. Many of the skeptics will swallow 84 pills of arsenicum album, a
homeopathic remedy based on arsenic which is used to treat a range of symptoms, including
food poisoning and insomnia. The aim of the “10:23” campaign, led by the Merseyside Skeptics
Society, based in Liverpool, UK, is to raise public awareness of just exactly what homeopathy
is, and to put pressure on the UK’s leading pharmacist, Boots, to remove theremedies from sale.
The campaign is called 10:23 in honor of the Avogadro constant (approximately 6 x 1023, the
number of atoms or molecules in onemole of a substance), of which more later.
 ix
 An international protest this week aims to demonstrate the truth about homeopathy-that
there’s literally nothing in it, says Martin Robbins AT 10.23 am on 30 January, more than
300 activities in the UK, Canada, Australia and the US will take part in a mass
homeopathic “overdose”.

B
That such a protest is even necessary in 2010 is remarkable, but somehow the homeopathic
industry has not only survived into the 21st century, but prospered. In the UK alone more than
£40 million is spent annually on homeopathic treatments, with £4 million of this being sucked
from the National Health Service budget. Yet the basis for homeopathy defies the laws of
physics, and high-quality clinical trials have never been able to demonstrate that it works
beyond the placebo effect.
v
 That such a protest is even necessary in 2010 is remarkable, but somehow the
homeopathic industry has not only survived into the 21st century, but prosperered.

C
The discipline is based on three “laws”; the law of similars, the law of infinite simals and the
law of succession. The law of similars states that something which causes your symptoms will
cure your symptoms, so that, for example, as caffeine keeps you awake, it can also be a cure for
insomnia. Of course, that makes little sense, since drinking caffeine, well, keeps you awake.
Next is the law of infinitesimals, which claims that diluting a substance makes it more potent.
Homeopaths start by diluting one volume of their remedy arsenic oxide, in the case of
arsenicumalbum-in 99 volumes of distilled water oralcohol to create a “centesimal”. They then
dilute one volume of the centesimal in 99volumes of water or alcohol, and so on, up to 30
times. Application of Avogadro’s constant tells you that a dose of such a“30C” recipe is
vanishingly unlikely to contain even a single molecule of the active ingredient. The third pillar
of homeopathy is the law of succession. This states-and I’m not making this up-that by tapping
the liquid in a special way during the dilution process, a memory of the active ingredient is
somehow imprinted on it. This explains how water is able to carry a memory of arsenic oxide,
but apparently not of the contents of your local sewer network.
i
 The discipline is based on three “laws”: The law of similar, the law of infinitesimals and
the law of succession.
D
The final preparation is generally dropped onto a sugar pill which the patient swallows.
Homeopaths claim that the application of these three laws results in a remedy that, even though
it contains not a single molecule of the original T-T-J.— ingredient, somehow carries an
“energy signature” of it that nobody can measure or detect. Unsurprisingly, when tested under
rigorous scientific conditions, in randomized, controlled and double blind trials, homeopathic
remedies have shown to be no better than a placebo. Of course, the placebo effect is quite
powerful, but it’s a bit like justifying building a car without any wheels on the basis that you
can still enjoy the comfy leather seats and play with the gear shift.
 vii
  “homeopathic remedies have consistently been shown to be no better than a placebo. Of
course, the placebo effect is quite powerful”
E
Even some retailers who sell the treatments have admitted there is no evidence that they work.
In November, Paul Bennett, the super intendent pharmacist at Boots, appeared before the UK
parliament’s Commons Science and Technology Committee’s “evidence check” on
homeopathy. He was questioned by Member of Parliament Phil Willis, who asked: “Do they
work beyond the placebo effect?” I have no evidence before me to suggest that they are
efficacious,” Bennett replied. He defended Boots’s decision to sell homeopathic remedies on
the grounds of consumer choice. “A large number of our consumers actually do believe they are
efficacious, but they are licensed medicinal products and, therefore, we believe it is right to
make the mavailable,” he said.
-> iv
He defended Boot’s decision to sell homeopathic remedies on the grounds of consumer choice.

F
You might agree. You might also argue that homeopathy is harmless: if people want to part
with their money for sugar pills and nobody is breaking the law, why not let them? To some
extent that’s true-there’s only so much damage you can do with sugar pills short of feeding
them to a diabetic or dropping a large crate of them on someone’s head. However, we believe
there is a risk in perpetuating the notion that homeopathy is equivalent to modern medicine.
People may delay seeking appropriate treatment for themselves or their children.
 viii
 You might also argue that homeopathy is harmless: If people want to part with their
money for sugar pills and nobody is breaking the law, why not let them? To some extent
that’s true-there’s only so much damage you can do with sugar pills short of feeding
them to a diabetic or dropping a large crate of them on some’s head.
G
We accept that we are unlikely to convince the true believers. Homeopathy has many ways to
sidestep awkward questions, such as rejecting the validity of randomized controlled trials, or
claiming that homeopathic remedies only work if you have symptoms of the malady they
purport to cure. Our aim is to reach out to the general public with our simple message: “There is
nothing in it”. Boots and other retailers are perfectly entitled to continue selling homeopathic
remedies if they so wish and consumers are perfectly entitled to keep on buying them. But
hopefully the 10:23 campaign will ram home our message to the public. In the 21st century,
with decades of progress behind us, it is surreal that governments are prepared to spend millions
of tax pounds on homeopathy. There really is nothing in it.
 iii

Homeopathy has many ways to sidestep awkward questions, such as rejecting the validity of
randomized controlled trails, or claiming that homeopathic remedies only work if you have
symptoms of the malady they purport to cure.

8-14RUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN

8. TRUE

The aim of the “10:23” campaign, led by Merseyside Skeptics Society, based in Liverpool,
UK, is to raise public awareness of just exactly what homeopathy is, and to put pressure on
the UK’s leading pharmacist, Boots, to remove the remedies from sale. The campaign is
called 10:23 in honor of the Avogadro constant, of which more later.

9. FALSE

In the UK alone more than 40 million is spent annually on homeopathic treatments with 4
million of this being sucked from the National Health Service budget.

10.TRUE

The law of similar states that something which causes your symptoms will cure your
symptoms, so that, for example, as caffeine keeps you awake, it can also be a cure for
insomnia... that makes little sense

11 TRUE

However, we believe here is a risk in perpetuating the notion that homeopathy is equivalent
to modern medicine.

12 FALSE

“I have no evidence before me to suggest that they are efficacious,” Bennet replied.

13 FALSE
 People may delay seeking appropriate treatment for themselves or their children.

Part 2. 14. Theo tác giả, anh ấy coi điều cần thiết cho một truyện ngắn là:
A. thu hút sự chú ý của anh ấy ngay từ đầu.
B. gợi cảm xúc thương cảm.
C. có độ dài chính xác.
D. làm giàu vốn hiểu biết của mình.
CLUE: 1. D. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án D nằm ở câu 1 và câu 3 đoạn 1, cụ thể là
các phần thông tin sau: “... and is at its best when it presents a revealing insight into a
person in a particular situation.” và “... but ultimately, I must know more at the end than I
did at the beginning.” Từ những dữ kiện này, ta có thể suy ra rằng tác giả bài viết coi
trọng việc một truyện ngắn có thể làm giàu thêm cho vốn tri thức của ông, giúp ông hiểu
biết nhiều hơn so với trước khi đọc truyện. Từ đó ta chọn phương án D. Phương án A
không hợp lí vì tuy có dữ kiện “... I am so involved at the outset that my attention does
not wander” nhưng tác giả chỉ nói rằng “It is a help”, tức là nếu như một truyện ngắn có
thể thu hút được sự chú ý của ông trong suốt quá trình đọc thì càng tốt song không nhất
thiết phải vậy. Phương án B không hợp lí vì dữ kiện “... my sympathies are immediately
engaged” nhưng đó cũng chỉ là “a help” (tương tự phương án A). Phương án C không
chính xác vì tuy có dữ kiện “which has its own necessary length, neither too long nor too
short”, nhưng thông tin này không đề cập đến thái độ của tác giả, và tầm quan trọng của
độ dài truyện.

15. Các câu chuyện ngụ ý:

A. miêu tả chân thực cuộc sống ở Wales.
B. vẽ nên một bức tranh tuyệt đẹp về cuộc sống của xứ Wales.
C. phóng đại điều kiện sống của xứ Wales.
D. phác họa một số khía cạnh của cuộc sống xứ Wales.
CLUE: . A. Các phương án có nội dung chung là miêu tả cuộc sống ở xứ Wales, và
chỉ khác nhau về cách miêu tả cũng như đối tượng được miêu tả. Ta chọn được phương
án A nhờ thông tin ở câu 3 đoạn 2: “They reflect Wales, not always flatteringly, as it is
and has been.” Từ những thông tin như: “not always flatteringly” và “as it is and has
been”, có thể suy ra rằng những câu chuyện ngắn miêu tả xứ Wales một cách chân thực
như nó vốn và đang như vậy (không bóng bẩy, tô vẽ cho đẹp thêm). Từ đó ta chọn được
phương án A (authentically nghĩa là một cách chân thực). Các phương án còn lại có nội
dung không chính xác, không hợp lí nên ta loại.
16. Không giống như các đồng nghiệp người Anh của họ, các nhà văn xứ Wales:
A. chia sẻ những phẩm chất giống như nhân vật của chính họ.
B. sở hữu một cảm giác cụ thể về địa điểm.
C. tránh xa xã hội của họ và tránh tiếp xúc với họ.
D. viết ghê tởm về cộng đồng của họ
CLUE: B. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án B nằm ở câu 4 của đoạn 2: “English writers, it
has been said, are often refugees from society, but almost all the stories in this book
written by Welsh men and women show a concern for a particular landscape or
community.” Từ thông tin này, có thể suy ra những cây bút quốc tịch Wales thường thể
hiện sự quan tâm của họ đối với một khung cảnh hay một cộng đồng nhất định. Phương
án B phản ánh được nội dung này (a sense of place: sự hiểu biết, quan tâm đến nơi chốn,
địa điểm) nên đây là phương án chính xác. Phương án A có thể gây nhầm lẫn do dữ kiện:
“It is as if Welsh writers cannot escape this involvement, and often there is also a sense
of characters off stage, present but unseen at the storyteller’s elbow.”, tuy nhiên cần chú
ý thông tin này không phục vụ trả lời câu hỏi, và cũng không đủ để khẳng định những
cây bút người Wales mang những đặc điểm tương đồng với nhân vật của họ. Phương án
C và D không được đề cập trong bài (phương án C có nét giống với đặc điểm của những
cây bút người Anh ở phương diện lánh xa thế giới).
17. Đề nghị rằng các nhà văn xứ Wales viết bằng tiếng Anh:
A. có thể không thể phân biệt được với các tiểu thuyết gia viết bằng tiếng Wales.
B. có thể thực hiện bản dịch không hiệu quả các tác phẩm của họ từ tiếng Anh sang
tiếng Wales.
C. có thể phải đối mặt với những khó khăn trong việc làm nổi bật sự khác biệt của họ.
D. có thể sử dụng sai các kiểu nói thông thường và tạo ra ấn tượng sai.
CLUE: 4. C. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án C nằm ở câu đầu đoạn 3, cụ thể là phần
thông tin sau: “... it should be pointed out that some Welsh writers writing in English
have faced particular difficulties when they have felt the need to emphasise their
difference from English counterparts.” Từ thông tin này, ta suy ra được những nhà văn
quốc tịch Wales sáng tác bằng tiếng Anh có thể gặp khó khăn trong việc làm họ trở nên
nổi bật, nhấn mạnh vào sự khác biệt của họ so với những cây bút quốc tịch Anh. Từ đó ta
chọn phương án C. Các phương án còn lại đều không được đề cập trong bài đọc nên ta
loại.
18. Alun Lewis được trích dẫn như một ví dụ minh họa cho quan điểm:
A. nguồn cảm hứng tốt nhất cho một nhà văn có thể không phải là quốc gia xuất xứ của
họ.
B. quan sát cuộc sống bằng con mắt của người nước ngoài có thể mang lại kết quả không
mong muốn.
C. Buộc sử dụng ngôn ngữ là điều đáng chú ý trong nhiều nền văn học.
D. những câu chuyện về cuộc sống nên được kể bởi những tiểu thuyết gia không quen
thuộc với văn hóa.
CLUE: A. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án A nằm ở câu 5 đoạn 3, cụ thể là phần thông tin
sau: “... many of the short story writers who write in English received their first
encouragement in England, and indeed some of them, like Alun Lewis, represented here
by an almost unknown story of army life, are at their best away from home.” Từ dữ kiện
này, ta có thể suy ra rằng Alun Lewis là một ví dụ cho việc động lực lớn nhất cho sự
sáng tạo, sáng tác của các nhà văn có thể không phải là đất nước mà họ sinh ra (nội dung
phương án A). Từ thông tin trên, ta loại đi các phương án còn lại vì chúng không phù
hợp.
19. Nhà văn nói rằng việc lựa chọn truyện của anh ấy đã trở nên dễ dàng hơn:
A. vì anh ta bỏ qua một số tác giả ngay từ đầu.
B. vì có một số lượng lớn các câu chuyện để lựa chọn.
C. như những phương án anh ấy đã chọn trước đó sẽ bị bỏ rơi.
D. vì anh ta tránh đưa những câu chuyện tương tự vào những người đồng cấp của mình.
CLUE: D. Để trả lời cho câu hỏi này, ta cần dựa vào thông tin ở câu cuối của đoạn 3:
“There is an abundance of riches from which the anthologist may choose and my task
has been made easier by the selections of other editors whose choices I have tried not to
duplicate where possible.” Từ dữ kiện này, ta suy ra được rằng tác giả không muốn đưa
vào cuốn sách những truyện ngắn đã được những người khác chọn rồi. Từ đó ta chọn
được D là phương án chính xác. Phương án A không chính xác bởi vì người viết nói rằng
ông đã lọc ra những truyện ngắn được những người biên tập khác chọn, chứ không phải
là một số tác giả ngay từ đầu. Phương án B có nội dung đúng tuy nhiên không trả lời cho
câu hỏi được đưa ra nên ta loại. Phương án C không hợp lí vì người viết lọc ra những
truyện ngắn đã được chọn bởi những người biên tập khác, chứ không phải là bởi ông.
20 Theo đoạn văn, những người viết bằng tiếng Wales khác với những người viết bằng
tiếng Anh ở chỗ:
A. họ hiểu biết nhiều hơn về văn hóa xứ Wales.
B. họ không gánh vác trách nhiệm khắc họa đất nước của họ.
C. họ cảm thấy không có gánh nặng để làm nổi bật đất nước xuất xứ của họ.
D. họ không nhận thức được sự cần thiết phải làm nổi bật sự khác biệt của họ.
CLUE: C. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án C nằm ở câu 2 đoạn cuối, cụ thể là ở phần
thông tin sau: “... I could not help but detect the security of so many writers in the Welsh
language, which has freed them from painful attempts to emphasise their nationality, a
strain which affected the work of the counterparts writing in English for a time.” Từ dữ
kiện này, ta suy ra được rằng những nhà văn sáng tác bằng tiếng xứ Wales không phải
chịu áp lực về việc phải làm nổi bật, nhấn mạnh vào sự khác biệt của bản thân, từ đó ta
chọn C là phương án chính xác. Các phương án còn lại không đủ căn cứ để xác định tính
đúng, sai hoặc có nội dung chưa đúng nên ta loại.
21. Đoạn văn gợi ý rằng kỹ năng của người kể chuyện bị ảnh hưởng khi:
A. các nhà văn đi chệch khỏi các mẫu phát biểu thông thường của họ.
B. viết một câu chuyện âm thanh không còn là mục đích chính của họ.
C. nhà văn tự giải phóng gông cùm trong sáng tác.
D. các tình tiết của truyện bị bóp méo trong quá trình dịch.
CLUE: B. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án B nằm ở câu 3 đoạn cuối: “ Ironically, this
freedom seems to be in danger of ending and, judging by some of the stories made
available in translation, appears to have been replaced by the aim of political conversion,
to the detriment, in my view, of the storyteller’s art.” Từ dữ kiện này, ta suy ra được rằng
những người sáng tác truyện ngắn đang chuyển hướng sang một mục đích khác không
phải là viết ra một tác phẩm hay, mà mang mục đích chính trị, và điều đó gây ảnh hưởng
đến kĩ thuật của người kể chuyện. Từ đó ta chọn được phương án B. Các phương án còn
lại không trả lời cho câu hỏi hoặc không được đề cập trong bài nên ta loại.
22. Người viết gợi ý rằng cuốn sách bao gồm:
A. nhiều bộ sưu tập các câu chuyện được tích lũy bởi người biên tập.
B. mô tả về một đối tượng nhận được ít thông báo trước đây.
C. hình ảnh minh họa màu về cuộc sống của xứ Wales trong quá khứ và hiện tại.
D. chỉ các nhà văn xứ Wales xem Wales là một quốc gia đa văn hóa.
CLUE: B. Dẫn chứng để chọn phương án B nằm ở câu cuối cùng của bài đọc, cụ thể là ở
phần thông tin: “... together with the world of work and workmen in some of our more
ravaged terrains, an aspect which has tended to be neglected in the past.” Từ dữ kiện này,
ta suy ra được rằng trong cuốn sách này, sẽ có phần miêu tả về thế giới của những người
lao động ở nơi địa hình không thuận lợi, bị tàn phá nặng nề, một chủ đề mà thường bị bỏ
qua trong quá khứ. Từ đó ta chọn được phương án B là phương án chính xác. Phương án
A không hợp lí vì không có đủ căn cứ để xác định rằng nội dung này đúng. Phương án C
không được đề cập trong bài. Phương án D không đúng với nội dung trong bài: “... I have
tried to represent all Welsh writers, including those whose work belies the concept of
Wales as a homogeneous society...”
23. Trong cuốn sách, phần trích dẫn này có lẽ hầu hết đóng vai trò là:
A. một lời nói đầu. B. một tiểu sử. C. một lời nói đầu. D. một đoạn mở đầu.

CLUE: C. Để làm được câu hỏi này, trước tiên ta cần hiểu các từ trong các phương án
là phần nào của một cuốn sách. Từ biography ở phương án B là tiểu sử, mô tả thân thế,
sự nghiệp, cuộc sống của tác giả. Ba từ còn lại đều là những phần mang tính giới thiệu
về cuốn sách, bổ sung hoặc tạo dựng nền cảnh để câu chuyện được mở ra, tuy nhiên
giữa ba từ này có sự khác biệt về nghĩa. Từ foreword chỉ một đoạn giới thiệu (thường
ngắn) của một người khác không phải là tác giả cuốn sách (thường là đồng nghiệp, nhà
phê bình, một cơ quan báo chí nào đó,...) để tóm tắt nội dung sách. Từ preface chỉ lời
nói đầu, là nơi mà tác giả cuốn sách bày tỏ mục đích viết sách, hành trình viết sách, hé
mở nội dung sách, nhắn gửi tới người đọc,... Từ prologue chỉ một đoạn thoại, đoạn văn
mà một nhân vật trong câu chuyện thể hiện nhằm xây dựng bối cảnh cho truyện để dẫn
vào chương đầu tiên của truyện. Từ việc giải nghĩa được các từ, kết hợp với những chi
tiết như: “my task has been
made easier”, “I have tried to represent all Welsh writers”, “I have said that these
stories were chosen...”, “on re-reading so many stories in preparing this volume”, ta có
thể thấy tác giả của bài viết cũng là tác giả của cuốn sách, nên bài đọc là preface.
Part 3.
24. G
The first paragraph introduces Peter Raven and describes the kind of knowledge
botanists like him have. Paragraph G continues this theme by describing what
conclusions Raven and other botanists can come to using their knowledge. Verbal links
are 'Peter Raven is a botanist' and 'sustainable growth' in the paragraph before the gap
and 'botanists such as Raven' and 'the big picture of sustainable growth' in paragraph G.
25. F
There is a link between 'Something has got to give, and the first things to go are many of
the plants and animals' in paragraph F and' By many, Raven means perhaps half to two
thirds of all the other species on the planet' in the paragraph after the gap.
26. E
There is a link between 'the human population', 'each human depends on ... "ecosystem
services" , and 'the organisms that ultimately recycle waste and deliver new wealth to
provide oxygen, fresh food, clean water, fuel, new clothes, safe shelter and disposable
income' in paragraph E and the whole of the paragraph after the gap.
27. A
There is a link between the ecosystems mentioned in the paragraph before the gap and
the description of what an ecosystem is in paragraph A. Also, there is a link between 'The
greater the variety of microbes, plants and animals in an ecosystem, the more resilient it
is and the better it works ... So it would not be a good idea to evict at least half of these
creatures ... But, Raven says, that is what is happening' in paragraph A and the reference
to 'species loss' in the paragraph after the gap.
28. B
There is a link between the description of 'species loss' in the paragraph before the gap,
the description of species loss in paragraph B and the calculation of the number of
species lost per year 'over the last four centuries' in the paragraph after the gap. There is a
further link between the question posed in paragraph B 'What was the rate over the past
400 years?' and the answer in the paragraph after the gap: 'hundreds of creatures per year
over the past four centuries.
29. H
There is a link between 'There is another way of checking' (which refers to another way
of checking how many species have been lost) and 'There is a way of confirming species
loss' (three paragraphs earlier). This idea is continued in the paragraph before the gap.
There is also a link between '2,000 species have vanished from the Pacific basin' in the
paragraph before the gap and 'So destroying forests piecemeal is a way of extinguishing
creatures' in paragraph H.
30. C
There is a link between 'one third oral endangered plants in the continental US are
threatened because of alien invaders' in the paragraph before the gap and 'Global
warming is not going to help, either' in paragraph C.
Part 4.

44 B

Criminal law weighs very lightly in terms of volume when measured against non-
criminal (that is, civil) law. There are more rules of civil law than there are of criminal law;
more court cases involve breach of the civil law than that of the criminal law.

45 A

In other cases privately-instituted adjudication bodies are established, a third party being
appointed to decide whether an agreement or rule has been broken or not.
46 A

Every time a purchase is made, a contract is made. Both parties make promises about
what they will do; one to hand over the goods, one to pay the price.

47 D

Such confirmation is important; without it we have little to establish the impact the law has,
being forced to rely on individual instances of its application and having to assume that these
have general truth. Empirical study of the operation of law may reveal areas of
improvement. It can also confirm that, measured by particular standards, the courts are
working well.

48 D

Changes in these from year to year may indicate some effects of changes in the law and
practice. Statistical tests can establish that there is a relationship, a correlation, between
different things

49 B

Newcomers to the study of law tend to assume that criminal law occupies the bulk of a
lawyer's caseload and of a law student's studies. This is an interesting by-product of the
portrayal of the legal system by the media.

50 C

Disputes about the scope and interpretation of international law are rarely resolved by the
use of international courts or binding arbitration procedures of an international organisation.
This is because submission to an international court or similar process is entirely
voluntary and
few states are likely to agree to this if there is a serious risk of losing their case or
where important political or national interests are at stake.

51 C

The international legal order has no single governing body and operates by agreement
between states. This means that the creation, interpretation and enforcement of international
 law lie primarily in the hands of states themselves. Its scope and effectiveness depend on
the sense of mutual benefit and obligation involved in adhering to the rules.

52 A

Most laws are not about something spectacular but, rather, about the details of ordinary

life. 53 C

There is no world government or legislature issuing and enforcing laws to which all
nations are subject. The international legal order has no single governing body and operates
by agreement between states.

IV. WRITING

Part 1: Summary (15 pts)

1. Completion: 1 pt

2. Content: 5 pts

- Cover the main information in the chart yet not go into too many details.

- Make general remarks and effective comparisons.

3. Organisation: 3 pts

- The ideas are well organized

- The description is sensibly divided into paragraphs

4. Language: 5 pts

- Use a wide range of vocabulary and structure

- Good grammar
5. Punctuation and spelling: 1 pt

Part 2: Chart description (15 pts)

1. Completion: 1 pt

2. Content: 5 pts

- Cover the main information in the chart yet not go into too many details.

- Make general remarks and effective comparisons.

3. Organisation: 3 pts

- The ideas are well organized

- The description is sensibly divided into paragraphs

4. Language: 5 pts

- Use a wide range of vocabulary and structure

- Good grammar

5. Punctuation and spelling: 1 pt

Part 3: Essay writing (30 points)

1. Completion: (3 pts.)

2. Content: (8 pts)

Provide relevant and convincing ideas about the topic, supported by specific example and/or
reasonable justification.

3. Organization: (8 pts)
- Ideas are well organized and presented with unity, cohesion and coherence.

4. Language: (8 pts)

- Demonstrate of a wide range of vocabulary and structures.

- Good use of grammatical structures.

- Present the ideas with clarity.

5. Punctuations and spelling. (3 pts)