1

Science 9

First Quarter
Module No. 1 of 6
Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working Together
Writer: Roland R. Agra

HONOR CODE
AS A MEMBER OF THE NAMUAC ACADEMY EAGLES FAMILY, I WILL CONDUCT
MYSELF WITH INTEGRITY & SINCERITY AT ALL TIMES, DEMONSTRATE COMPASSION &
JUSTICE IN ALL MY ACTIONS, UPHOLD THE VALUE OF EXCELLENCE, AND ABIDE BY THE
EXPECTATIONS SET FORTH IN THE STUDENT HANDBOOK.
I MAKE THIS PLEDGE IN THE SPIRIT OF HONOR & TRUST.

INTEGRATIVE PERFORMANCE TASK IN SCIENCE and MAPEH

GOAL To perform an instrumental piece about caring for the respiratory and
circulatory systems
ROLE Song Writer, health advocate, performer

AUDIENCE Alcohol Anonymous, Tobacco Anonymous

SITUATION The Municipal Health Office partnered with your group in disseminating
information on effective ways to care for circulatory and respiratory
systems. As a musician, you intend to perform an instrumental piece about
the subject matter.
PRODUCT Video presentation
STANDARDS Voice, Originality, Content

21ST CENTURY SKILLS CORE VALUE TASK

CRITICAL THINKING Excellence How to present the importance of maintaining a
healthy respiratory & circulatory system.
CREATIVITY Excellence To perform an instrumental piece.
COLLABORATION Justice The students will work together as members of the
team to perform the instrumental piece
CROSS CULTURAL
UNDERSTANDING
COMPUTER/ICT Excellence Applying music to the instrumental piece
CAREER/SELF RELIANCE
COMMUNICATION Integrity Students will perform the instrumental piece and
convey the message of the performance

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SCORING RUBRIC FOR THE PERFORMANCE TASK

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
Content The learners The learners show The learners show The learners lack
show deep considerable shallow understanding how
understanding on understanding on understanding on to on the importance
the importance of the importance of the importance of of maintaining a
maintaining a maintaining a maintaining a healthy respiratory
healthy healthy respiratory healthy respiratory and circulatory
respiratory and and circulatory and circulatory systems. The
circulatory systems. Most of systems. The proposed ways are
systems. All the the proposed proposed ways are not explained and
proposed measures are not accurately conveyed in the
measures are explained explained and performed
explained accurately and conveyed in the instrumental piece.
accurately and explicitly conveyed performed .
explicitly in the performed instrumental piece.
conveyed in the instrumental piece.
performed
instrumental
piece.
Voice The rhythm, The rhythm, The rhythm, The rhythm,
dynamics, pitch dynamics, pitch dynamics, pitch dynamics, pitch do
maintains maintains maintains not maintain
appropriate appropriate tempo somewhat appropriate tempo
tempo for the for the appropriate tempo for the instrumental
instrumental instrumental piece for the piece and most of
piece and the and most of the instrumental piece the expressions
expressions expressions and most of the enhance
enhance enhance expressions performance by
performance by performance by enhance adding appropriate
adding adding appropriate performance by depth and emotional
appropriate depth depth and adding appropriate range.
and emotional emotional range. depth and
range. emotional range.
Originality The instrumental The instrumental The instrumental The instrumental
piece showed piece mostly piece somewhat piece showed
excellent effort, showed excellent excellent effort, excellent effort,
artistic creativity effort, artistic artistic creativity artistic creativity but
and originality. creativity and and originality. lacks originality.
originality.

EXPECTATIONS

Respiratory system is made up of the organs in the body that help us to breathe. Just
remember that the word respiration is linked to breathing. Circulatory system is responsible for
distributing materials throughout the body. Take note that circulation means transportation or
movement in circles. Both systems are essentially meant for each other.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify and describe the function of each key part of the breathing system;

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2. explain how lungs work and describe how the movement of diaphragm helps the air go in
and out of the lungs.
3. identify the main components of the circulatory system;
4. describe the function/s of each component of the circulatory system;
5. explain the types of circulation.
6. describe how blood is pumped by the heart;
7. explain mechanism of how respiratory and circulatory systems work together.
8. enumerate ways on how to take care of our heart and prevention of acquiring diseases.

PRE-TEST

Directions: Hidden in any direction in the star are parts of the Human Respiratory System. Find and
enclose the parts that you know. Write the identified parts in your answer sheet.

OVERVIEW

Your body is a fascinating creation that can carry out incredible tasks and activities. It is like a
machine that is able to function with proper organization of parts and systems. However, our bodies
also require proper care and maintenance. It is just fitting to keep going with a healthy lifestyle to
ensure that each part is maintained appropriately while getting the most out of it. In the past, you were
introduced to the different levels of organizations in the human body and the mechanisms involved in it.
You have learned that the human body is composed of different systems, which are collections of cells,
tissues, and organs, each of which has a special job that keeps you alive. Whether you eat, play,
dance, sing, or sleep; each part of your organ systems performs particular functions. You also
discovered how the digestive system breaks down food to nourish your whole body.
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Now, you will learn how the different structures of the circulatory and respiratory systems work
together to transport oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the different parts of the body. You will also
understand the prevention, detection, and treatment of diseases affecting the respiratory and circulatory
systems.

LESSON PROPER

PARTS OF THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Breathe in and out. Can you hear the

quiet sounds of breathing in and out? The air
that you breathe moves to the different parts
of the respiratory system. These are the nose,
nasal passageways/nasal cavity, pharynx
(throat), larynx (“voice box” or “Adam’s
Apple”), and trachea (windpipe) which divides
into two tubes called bronchi. These tubes
carry air into each lung. Inside the lungs, the
bronchi divide into tiny tubes called
bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles
are hundreds of tiny air balloons called air
sacs or alveoli. A large dome-shaped muscle
called the diaphragm is also found under the
lungs.

Functions of the Human Respiratory

System
In our previous discussion, you learned that the parts of the human respiratory system in
charge of supplying oxygen are the nose, nasal passageways/nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and
trachea which divides into two tubes called bronchi. Bronchi carry air into each lung. Inside the lungs,
the bronchi divide into bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are the alveoli. Inhaled oxygen moves
from the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the
capillaries to the air in the alveoli. Under the lungs is a large dome-shaped muscle called the
diaphragm. The lungs are the main organ in the human respiratory system.

The respiratory system is made up of nasal passages, nasal passages, warm and moisten the
air while trapping foreign materials. Pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli, and diaphragm. Air travels from the outside environment to the lungs where it passes through
the alveoli.

We inhale air through our NOSE where it is warmed, moistened, and filtered. There are hairs in
the nose that filter out dust and other large particles in the air. These hair-like structures are called
cilia, and also line in the nasal passages. Cilia trap foreign particles from air and sweep them toward
the throat so that they do not enter the lungs. Mucous membranes beneath the cilia in the nasal
passages warm and moisten the air while trapping foreign materials.

Filtered air then passes through the upper throat called the PHARYNX. A flap of tissue called
epiglottis, which covers the opening of the larynx, prevents food particles from entering the respiratory
tubes.

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The epiglottis allows air to pass from the LARYNX (voice box) to a long tube in the chest
cavity called the TRACHEA, or windpipe.

The trachea, which branches into two large tubes called BRONCHI (singular, bronchus) which
carry air into the lungs.

The LUNGS are the largest organs of the respiratory system, and gas exchange takes place in
the lungs. Both lungs have an approximate weight of 1.3 kilograms. The right lung which is bigger has
three lobes while the left lung is smaller with two lobes and has an indentation to accommodate the
heart.

Each bronchus branches into smaller tubes called BRONCHIOLES. Each of these small tubes
continues to branch into even smaller passageways, each of which ends in an individual air sac, called
an ALVEOLUS (plural, alveoli) where gas exchange happens. Each alveolus has a thin wall- only one
cell thick, and is surrounded by very thin capillaries.

Breathing Mechanism in Humans

In our previous discussion, you already learned about the essential parts and functions of the
human respiratory system. This time, you will learn the mechanism and activities of the lungs and
diaphragm.

When Does Breathing Happens?

Have you been in a crowded place like in the gym watching intramural games? or inside a
crowded bus? You are in a hurry
to get out and find a place where
there are few people so you can
move freely. This situation is
similar to the process that makes
air move in and out of the lungs.

Put your hands on your

chest and breathe in deeply. You
will feel your chest getting bigger.
Now breathe out the air, and feel
your chest return to its original
size. Why does your chest move
when you breathe?

The DIAPHRAGM is a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the
thoracic cavity from the abdomen. As you breathe in (inhalation), your diaphragm contracts and flattens
out, causing it to move downward and the rib muscles pull upward causing air to fill up the lungs. Why is
that so? When the diaphragm moves down and lifts the rib cage up causing the chest to expand, they
provide more room for air to rush in and fills your lungs. This also reduces the force in your lungs so the
air will move in from the outside. When it’s time to exhale (breathe out), everything happens in reverse.
Your diaphragm relaxes and the ribs and lungs push in, causing the air out of the lungs.

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Gas Exchange in the Lungs

Air travels to individual alveoli

where oxygen diffuses across the moist,
thin walls into capillaries and then into red
blood cells. The oxygen is then
transported by the blood to be released to
tissue cells in the body during internal
respiration. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide
moves in the opposite direction in the
alveoli. Carbon dioxide in the blood
crosses capillary walls, and then diffuses
into the alveoli to be returned to the
atmosphere during external respiration.

PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Where do you usually see the picture above?

You are correct! This picture is one of the main
streets or highways in the country that gets
people to and from work quickly.

Do you have any idea if there was an

organ system with a similar function? Yes, our
circulatory system does the same thing. Do you
know that the blood flowing in our body supplies
nutrients and removes waste materials quickly?
So, what will happen when there is traffic in our
circulatory system?
All these questions will be answered in our lesson today.

Have you ever cut yourself accidentally? What came out of the wound? The fluid that came out
of your wound is blood. Blood is red and quite viscous (thick). Blood is called the fluid of life. If you had
no blood, you would not be alive. Blood reaches the different parts of your body, through your
circulatory system.

The major parts of the circulatory system include the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

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1. The Heart. The heart is the most hardworking organ. The heart pumps approximately 70 times a
minute. In this period, it is able to pump around 5 liters of blood. That is about 100,800 times each day!
It weighs nine to eleven ounces (9-11 oz) in females and just 10-11 oz in males. In your lifetime, your
heart will beat approximately 2.5 billion times!

When you are exercising rigorously and your body cells need a higher rate of blood flow to obtain
more oxygen, nutrients and food, the heart pumps more rapidly to force more blood around your body
faster. The heart will pump up to 200 times per minute to move 40 liters of blood around your body if it
has to.

Do you know what your heart looks like? Clench your fist and look at it. That’s approximately the
same size as your heart. Your
heart is a pear-shaped organ that
lies between your lungs. It is
slightly tilted to the left. Look at the
picture below. It shows the major
parts of the heart.

The heart is made of

specialized cardiac muscle tissue
that allows it to act as a pump
within the circulatory system.

It is located in the middle of

the chest. It fits snugly between
the two lungs. It is held in place by
the blood vessels that carry the
blood to and from its chambers. Its
tip is slightly tilted toward the left.
Every time the heart beats it goes
“thump” against the chest wall. You can feel the thumps if you press there with your hand. You can also
listen to them with your ear.

The heart is actually made up of two pumps that work together. These two pumps are separated by
a muscular wall called the septum. The
right pump collects blood from the body and
sends it to the lungs. The left pump collects
blood from the lungs and sends it to the rest
of the body.

The whole muscular organ is

surrounded by a protective membrane
called pericardium.

There are four chambers inside your

heart: two atria and two ventricles.

The upper thin-walled chambers are the

right atria and left atria (sing: atrium).
These atria are the collecting chambers of
your heart. The right atrium (RA) receives oxygen-poor blood from the vena cava, a large vein while
the left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary veins.
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The lower thick-walled chambers are the ventricles. These are the pumping chambers of your
heart. They move blood around your body. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for
oxygenation, while the left ventricle pumps oxygen- rich blood to all parts of the body.

The heart chambers vary in thickness. This difference is due to variations in the amount of
myocardium present, which reflects the amount of force each chamber is required to generate in order
to bring blood toward their destination. Blood passing through these four chambers are protected from
backflow by valves. Valves are flaps of muscles that prevent blood from back flowing. There are two
sets of valves—the atrioventricular valves and the pulmonary valves- work to ensure that blood will
move only in one direction.

The atrioventricular valves, are also known as the cuspid valves, they are located between the
atria and ventricles. The semilunar valves are located at the base of the large vessels the ventricles.

The right atrioventricular valve is the tricuspid valve; while the left atrioventricular valve is the
bicuspid or mitral valve. The valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery is the
pulmonary semilunar valve. The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta is the aortic
semilunar valve.

When the ventricles contract, the atrioventricular valves are closed to prevent blood from flowing
back into the atria. When the ventricles relax, the semilunar valves close to prevent blood from flowing
back into the ventricles.

The pumping tubes or vessels to and from the heart consists of large arteries and veins.
Deoxygenated or oxygen-poor blood is carried into the right side of your heart by two large veins or
vena cavae. The superior vena cava (SVC) is located at the upper part of your heart and brings blood
from your head and arms. The inferior vena cava (IVC) is located at the lower part of your heart and
brings blood from the lower parts of the body. The pulmonary artery (PA) carries deoxygenated blood
from the right ventricle of your heart to the lungs. The pulmonary vein (PV) brings back oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the left atrium of your heart.

2. The Blood Vessels

How does blood travel throughout the body? Going

back to our highways a while ago, highways have lanes that
separate traffic. They also have access ramps that take
vehicles to and from the roads. The blood vessels are
network of channels that circulates blood throughout the
body and keep help the blood flowing to and from the heart.
The three major blood vessels are arteries, capillaries, and
veins. Do you know that if you were to take out all your
blood vessels and line them up end to end, they would be
able to go around the earth twice?

Arteries are what we call efferent vessels because they

carry blood away from the heart. Every time your heart
beats, blood is pumped into your arteries. The walls of the
arteries stretch as the blood comes in. As it passes by, the
walls relax. The stretching and relaxation of the artery wall
is the pulse. You feel your pulse at your temples, neck and wrists.

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Most arteries carry oxygenated blood (blood containing a large amount of oxygen) except the
pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood (blood containing little oxygen) from the heart to
the lungs.

The veins are called afferent vessels because they bring back blood toward the heart. Most veins
carry deoxygenated blood except for the pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the heart. Look at the table below. It is a comparison of the properties and functions of the
arteries and veins.

Arteries
• Carry blood away from the heart
• Blood is under pressure here, hence it flows
fast and it spurts, reflecting the rhythmic
pumping action of the heart.
• Have thick and elastic muscular walls.
• Have no valves.
• Carry red oxygen-rich blood (except
pulmonary artery)
Veins
• Carry blood toward the heart.
• Blood is not under great pressure, so it flows
more slowly and smoothly.
• Have relatively thin, slightly muscular walls.
• Have valves that prevent blood from flowing
backward.
• Carry bluish-red-oxygen depleted blood
toward the heart (except pulmonary vein)

Large arteries branch into smaller arteries called arterioles; large veins branch into smaller veins
called venules. These arterioles and venules lead into capillaries, the smallest of all blood vessels.
Capillaries, as you can see in the picture above, are located mostly between the veins and the arteries.

Their job is to distribute oxygen-rich blood that comes from the arteries out into the tissues of the
body. Then, they move the oxygen-depleted blood from the tissues back into the veins.

Our circulatory system is also known as our body’s transport system. Cells must have oxygen and
nutrients and must get rid of waste products. The circulatory system is made up of blood, the heart,
blood vessels, and the lymphatic system. Blood carries important substances to all parts of the body.
The heart pumps blood through a vein network of tubes inside your body called the blood vessels. The
lymphatic system is considered part of the circulatory system and immune system, all of these
components work together to maintain homeostasis or balance in the body. The circulatory system
transports many important substances, such as oxygen and nutrients. The blood also carries disease-
fighting materials produced by the immune system.

3. Blood. It is called the fluid of life. Without blood, human life would not be possible. The sight of
blood might make a lot of people feel sick or scared, but you shouldn’t be afraid of blood. This is
the fluid needed by every cell in your body to live.

Have you experienced to accidentally cut your finger when cooking? Did you get scared? The red
blood will ooze out of the cut, right? Blood is not red in reality. It is clear, pale yellow liquid, almost like
water. It circulates throughout our entire body, feeding, supplying and even defending the cells or
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tissues that make up your body. The blood consists of the liquid part, plasma, and the solid
components called blood cells.

Blood is the red fluid circulated throughout the body by the circulatory system. In human beings,
blood is considered a connective tissue. It is a connective tissue because it is produced by the bone
marrow inside bones, which are connective tissues. However, compared to other connective tissues,
like ligaments and cartilages, blood is liquid. This enables blood to have special properties that other
connective tissues do not have.

Blood contains substances needed by the body to maintain normal cell function. The lives of all the
cells in your body depend on the jobs done by your circulatory system. The blood distributes nutrients
and water with all the cells found in the body.

Nutrients carried by the blood pass through blood vessels and go to the cells of the body.
Conversely, waste products from these cells enter through the blood vessels to be transported out of
the body. Blood also serves as the carrier of waste products to be transported out of the body through
the urinary or excretory system.

An average of 5 to 6 liters of blood flows through the body at any one time. This blood is
composed of several kinds of cells suspended in plasma. Plasma makes up 55% of the volume of the
blood. Hence, if 100 milliliters (ml) of blood is extracted from the human body, 55 ml of it would be
plasma. Plasma is composed mostly of water, proteins, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other substances
such as sodium, potassium and calcium. The water in plasma serves as a carrier for ions such as
sodium, chloride and potassium. It also dissolves nutrients like simple sugar and vitamins. The
substances in plasma are also important for maintaining the chemical balance inside the body and help
in fighting off diseases. We can easily separate blood into its separate components by taking a small
amount in a test tube and allowing the heavier components to settle to the bottom. The plasma remains
above. The components that settle are the blood cells and platelets. The figure above shows the
volume of blood after centrifuge.

The corpuscles, or the formed elements suspended in the plasma, comprise 45% of the blood
by weight. There are three formed elements; erythrocytes or the red blood cells, leukocytes or white
blood cells, and thrombocytes or the blood platelets. These formed elements are synthesized in the red
bone marrow (myeloid tissue) of flat and long bones.

a. Erythrocytes or red blood cells. The red blood cells (RBC) are very small, round- disc-
shaped cells which are thinned out in the center. They are so tiny that 75 billion of them will fit
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into a tube of 2.5-centimeter diameter. They are biconcave in shape, elastic and anucleated.
The red color is attributed to the pigment hemoglobin, an iron-containing molecule that can
bind with oxygen. This is the reason why red blood cells can transport gases throughout the
body.
b. Leukocytes or white blood cells. Leukocytes or white blood cells are described as the
soldiers of the body because their function is to defend the body against both infectious
diseases and foreign materials by phagocytosis and/ or secreting antibodies. Unlike red blood
cells, white blood cells have definite shape shapes and they are nucleated.
c. Thrombocytes. The thrombocytes are the blood platelets. Compared to red blood cells, they
are not true cells. They are only remnants of the mother cell in the myeloid tissue. Blood
platelets are irregular in shape and their important attribute is they disintegrate upon contact
with air. This is the reason why even in fresh blood samples, platelets cannot be observed.
Such an attribute is significant since upon disintegration, the blood clotting process begins.
Blood platelets, or thrombocytes, are the smallest blood cells. Platelets are useful to your body
because they can contain and release a substance called thromboplastin, a type of protein
needed for blood clotting.

Pathways of Blood Circulation

As the blood moves throughout the entire body, it follows two circuits or pathways: the
pulmonary pathway and the systemic pathway.

1. Pulmonary Circulation. The contraction

of the right ventricle of your heart forces
the blood into the pulmonary artery.
This venous blood, charged with
carbon dioxide, enters your lungs,
passing through capillaries. It gives up
carbon dioxide taken from the body
cells and receives a fresh supply of
oxygen. This arterial blood then passes
through the pulmonary veins into the
left chamber of your heart. The
circulation, therefore involves the lungs
as the oxygen supplier of blood coming
from your body and your heart.
Pulmonary circulation therefore,
transports oxygen-poor blood from the
ventricle to the lungs, where blood
picks up the new blood supply. Then it
returns to the oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium.

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2. Systemic Circulation. Systemic circulation involves the heart, blood vessels, and all body parts.
The systemic circulation provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries
oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products. It carries
oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of
the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of
veins to the right atrium of the heart.

WRAP- UP

After flowing through the pharynx, air passes through the larynx which is made of rings of
tough cartilage. The trachea then branches into two bronchi, which branch further to form
bronchioles. These end up at tiny air sacs called alveoli, where gas exchange takes place. The lungs
are surrounded by the pleural cavity which makes a slippery fluid. Your lungs are protected by bones
called ribs. These move during breathing, and this movement is brought about by the action of the
intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is a muscle that forms the floor of the thorax, and it also moves
during breathing.

The transport of materials in living things is called CIRCULATION. In humans, circulation is

carried out by the liquid called BLOOD. Blood is pumped by the HEART. Blood brings to cells
OXYGEN and NUTRIENTS. Blood picks up WASTE MATERIALS from the cells. Any tube that carries
blood is called a BLOOD VESSEL. The three kinds of blood vessels are artery, vein and capillary.
Blood is carried away from the heart by the arteries except the pulmonary artery. Blood is carried
back to the heart by the veins except the pulmonary vein. Arteries and veins are connected by tiny
blood vessels called capillaries.

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VALUING

You discovered how the circulatory system works tirelessly to deliver blood to and remove
wastes from the different parts of your body. This hardworking system is very important to the human
body. However, it is prone to a lot of diseases that can cause it to break down. This could affect the rest
of the body as well. Do you anyone who says they have high blood pressure? What do you think is the
importance of knowing your blood pressure? If we say a person has “high blood,” what does this mean?

Think of the faucet as a blood vessel. When it is clogged (usually with fatty deposits), the
pressure of the blood increases, this causes blood to surge downward because it is forcing itself
through a small opening. This pressure is too much for the tissues of the body. Sooner or later, damage
can occur. Blood pressure also increases when there is an increase in the pumping action of the heart.
In the example, this is similar to attaching a pump to the water pipe. Even if the blood vessel is wide
enough, if the heart is pumping too strongly, hypertension still occurs, leading to organ damage. A
stressful life can increase the pumping action of the heart. This is the reason why relaxation is
important.

Other factors that may increase blood pressure is food and obesity. Having too much salt in the
diet increases blood pressure. Being overweight also increases one’s chances of having high blood
pressure and so does old age. Therefore, what can we do to prevent having hypertension?

POST-ASSESSMENT

A. ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES

I. What a Bunch of Grapes!

Objective: Name the parts of the lungs using the bunch of grapes model of the respiratory system.

Materials:

1. bunch of grapes or any fruits and vegetables that demonstrate bunching like lanzones, niyog-
niyogan, lato, cauliflower, malunggay leaves or even tree branches

Procedure:(Note: A plastic/real bunch of grapes is used as a model)

1. Hold up the bunch of grapes. Let the bunch of grapes represent the respiratory or breathing
system.
2. Locate the parts of the respiratory system as represented by the plastic/real bunch of grapes
model as shown in the figure.
3. One by one gently take out some of the grapes to expose more of the branching stems.
Observe its structure.
4. Trace the pathway of oxygen using the material you have.

Guide Question: What does each part of the plastic/real “Bunch of Grapes” model represent, in relation
to the breathing system? Complete the table below.

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Parts of the “Bunch of Grapes” Parts of the Breathing System

1. main stem
2. two large branching stems
3. little stems
4. individual grapes

Note:
• The trachea is a hollow tube so as to allow the air to pass through, not like the main stem of the
plant you are using.
• There are only two large branching stems in the respiratory system.
• Unlike the grapes, the alveoli are so numerous that they cannot be counted individually.
• Bronchus (singular) and bronchi (plural); alveolus (singular) and alveoli (plural).

II. The Circulatory System: Directions: Fill up the cells with the appropriate letters. Do not leave
space for two words.Write your answers also at the space provided before the numbers below.

Across
1. A circulation of blood through the tissues of the heart
2. A circulation of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart
4. Pumps the blood throughout the body
6. Carries the materials throughout the body
8. A circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body, excluding the lungs.
9. The smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries to the
smallest veins
Down
1. The life support structure that nourishes your cells with nutrients from the food you
eat andoxygen from the air you breathe.
3. Carries the blood throughout the body
5. Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues and organs of the body
7. Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

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B. POST TEST

Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?

a. transporting nerve impulses throughout the body
b. maneuvering nutrient concentration in the blood
c. transporting nutrients to body cells
d. mounting a response to invading microorganisms

2. In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the just before entering the right
atrium.
a. left atrium c. inferior vena cava
b. superior vena cava d. aorta

3. In mammals, which of the following vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lung back to the
heart?
a. pulmonary artery c. vena cava
b. pulmonary vein d. coronary artery

4. How inhalation is achieved in humans?

a. contraction of muscles in the lungs.
b. contraction of the diaphragm.
c. Relaxation of the diaphragm and chest muscles.
d. Contraction of the diaphragm and chest muscles.

5. Why do arteries have thick, muscular walls containing elastic fibers?

a. To prevent oxygen from being lost from the blood
b. To help them carry blood at high pressure
c. To help them carry blood at low pressure
d. To prevent the backflow of blood

6. Which of the following correctly compares veins and arteries?

a. Arteries have a muscular wall to carry blood at high pressure, and veins have valves to
prevent the backflow of blood.
b. Veins have a muscular wall to carry blood at high pressure, and arteries have valves to
prevent the backflow of blood.
c. Both arteries and veins have thick muscular walls to carry blood at high pressure.
d. Both arteries and veins contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

7. Why is it important for capillaries to have thin, permeable walls?

a. To provide capillaries with the flexibility to move around cells
b. To allow substances to diffuse into and out of cells
c. To prevent the backflow of blood in the vessels
d. To increase the rate of blood flow.

8. Which structure is the initial entry way for air to enter the respiratory system?
a. Esophagus b. Larynx c. Nose d. Trachea

Science 9 Q1 Module 1 SY 2022-2023

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9. Which part of the respiratory system carries out gas exchange?

a. Diaphragm c. lungs
b. Larynx d. nasal cavity

10. During respiration, which structure connects the larynx to the bronchiole tree?
a. Alveoli c. lungs
b. Glottis d. Trachea

Science 9 Q1 Module 1 SY 2022-2023