Candidate’s Name: National ID:

Ports and Maritime Organization

Seafarers' Affairs Directorate
Exam Code: SMSC-994
Subject: Ship construction Date: 19/11/1399
Rank: Second Officer (GT≥500) Time Allowed: 2.5 Hours
(Pass mark: 55)

Q1 With the aid of suitable sketches illustrate the followings: Each 4

Marks

a) Camber,
b) Rise of floor,
c) Tumblehome,
d) Entrance,
e) Run

Camber-This is the athwart ships curvature of decks, which rise from the sides towards the
centre line. It is sometimes called 'round of beam'.
Rise of Floor-This is the upward rise of the lower edges of the floors from the keel towards
the bilges.
Tumble Home-'Tumble home' is the falling-in of the ship's sides from the bilge towards the
deck level, which allows any smaller projections at the deck level to clear wharves, etc. The Each
inward curvature of the side shell above the summer load line. 4
Entrance-The underwater part of the ship, at the fore end, where it runs away from the parallel mark
midship part to the bow. s
Run-The underwater part of the ship at the after end, between the parallel midship section and
the stem. The run of a hull is the aft section which reconciles the flow of water, extending from
the point of maximum beam (or end of the parallel middle body) to the stern/transom.
 Ref: Ship Construction by Eyres, page.175, 176

Q2 Sketch the half midship cross-section of a General cargo ship and name various parts?

20
mark
s

Ref: Ship Construction by Eyres, page. 177, 195

Q3 Sketch and describe different floors used in the construction of Transversely framed 20
double bottom, indicating where each type is employed. Give details of attachements of mark
s
 the floors to adjucent structure?

There are two types of floors used in double bottom tanks: 1-Solid floor (also called; plate
floor). 2- Bracket floors (also called open floor).
Transversely framed double bottom: If the double bottom is transversely framed, then
transverse solid plate floors, and bracket floors with transverse frames, provide the principal
support for the inner bottom and bottom shell plating (Figure 16.4). Solid plate floors are fitted
at every frame space in the engine room and in the pounding region (see the end of this
chapter). Also, they are introduced in way of boiler seats, transverse bulkheads, toes of
brackets supporting stiffeners on deep tank bulkheads, and in way of any change in depth of
the double bottom. Where a ship is regularly discharged by grabs, solid plate floors are also
fitted at each frame. Elsewhere, the solid plate floors may be spaced up to 3.0 m apart, with
bracket floors at frame spaces between the solid floors. The plate brackets of bracket floors are
flanged and their breadth is at least 75%of the depth of the center girder at the bracket floors.
To reduce the span of the frames, which should not exceed 2.5 meters, at the bracket floor,
vertical angle or channel bar struts may be fitted. Vertical stiffeners, usually in the form of
welded flats, will be attached to the solid plate floors, which are further strengthened if they
form a watertight or oil tight tank boundary.One intercostal side girder is provided port and
starboard where the ship’s breadth exceeds 10 m but does not exceed 20 m, and two are fitted
port and starboard where the ship’s breadth is greater. In way of the bracket floors a vertical
welded flat stiffener is attached to the side girder. Additional side girders are provided in the
engine room, and also in the pounding region.

Ref: Ship Construction by Eyres, page.181

Q4 Sketch and describe the construction of a cruiser stern frame fitted to a single screw ship 20
and discuss its advantages? mark
s

Considerable attention is paid to the stern in order to improve flow into and away from the
propeller. The cruiser stern (see Figure below) was for many years the favored stern type for
ocean-going ships, but today most of these vessels have a transom stern.
As the cruiser stern overhang may be subjected to large slamming forces, a substantial
construction with adequate stiffening is required. Solid floors are fitted at every frame space,
and a heavy center-line girder is fitted right aft at the shell and decks. The stern plating is
stiffened by cant frames or webs with short cant beams supporting the decks and led to the
adjacent heavy transverse deck beam. Further stiffening of the plating is provided, or adopted
in lieu of cant frames, by horizontal stringers extending to the first transverse frame.
Cruiser Stems-Have a system of ordinary transverse framing which is supported by an
intercostal girder at the centre line. This girder has to be doubled, just abaft the transom floor,
to allow the rudder stock to pass. The frames are to be of the same size as bulb angle frames in
peaks and are to extend to the strength deck. The frame spacing is not to exceed 610
millimetres. Where extra strength is required, web frames may be required and also extra
longitudinal girders to support them.
The cruiser has better resistance
characteristics than the merchant stern. The
length of the water plane with a cruiser stern
is greater than Lpp. A cruiser stern presents a
more pleasant profile and is hydrodynamically
efficient.

Ref: Ship Construction by Eyres, page.250, 252, Merchant ship Construction Pursy page.100
Q5 With the aid of suitable sketch/s describe how the bitter-ends are secured in the chain
lockers?

Clench cable assembly (Bitter End)

The final link of the anchor cable is secured to the ship's structure by clench pin. On most
modem ships this pin is positioned on the outside of the chain locker and can be released easily
and quickly. A situation may arise where the safety of the ship does not allow time to raise the
anchor. By releasing the clench pin all the cable can quickly pass out of the chain locker,
leaving the ship free to proceed out of danger.

20
mark
s

Ref: Ship Construction by Eyres,

page.244, 245, 247

Good Luck