What is MAP?

The definition of mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac
cycle, systole, and diastole.

To perfuse vital organs requires the maintenance of a minimum MAP of 60 mmHg. If MAP drops below
this point for an extended period, end-organ manifestations such as ischemia and infarction can occur. If
the MAP drops significantly, blood will not be able to perfuse cerebral tissues, there will be a loss of
consciousness, and neuronal death will quickly ensue.

What is midrodrine?

Midodrine is used to treat low blood pressure (hypotension). It works by stimulating nerve endings in
blood vessels, causing the blood vessels to tighten. As a result, blood pressure is increased.

Side effects:

More common:

 Blurred vision
 cardiac awareness
 headache
 pounding in the ears

Rare:

 Fainting
 increased dizziness
 slow pulse

How does albumin works in patient with cirrhosis?

Albumin infusions have been used in the management of patients with cirrhosis and ascites with two
main objectives: (1) to reduce the formation of ascites and edema by increasing microvascular oncotic
pressure; and (2) to improve circulatory and renal function by expanding total blood volume.

How does prednisone help patients with nephritic syndrome?

Prednisone can be used to manage kidney disorders, including:

 Focal glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

 Minimal change disease (MCD)
 IGA nephropathy

These conditions can lead to nephrotic syndrome. As a result, large amounts of protein leaks into the
urine. This in turn reduces the amount of protein in your blood, known as proteinuria. Prednisone is
used to help lower proteinuria in these disorders.
What is Lokelma?

LOKELMA is for the treatment of high levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia) in adults. The
most common side effect of LOKELMA is swelling in your body caused by fluid retention.

What are sinus precautions?

 DO NOT blow your nose for at least two weeks.

 DO NOT forcibly spit for one week.
 DO NOT smoke or use smokeless tobacco; smoking greatly inhibits the healing process,
especially in the sinuses.
 Sneeze with your MOUTH OPEN. If the urge to sneeze arises, do not sneeze through your nose
and avoid pinching nostrils.
 Drink without a straw for one week.
 Avoid swimming for one month and strenuous exercise (e.g. heavy lifting) for one week.
 Gentle swishing with salt water may be done for one week, but do not rinse vigorously.
 Slight bleeding from the nose is not uncommon and may occur for several days after surgery.