PAPER 1

Importance of Cave Thaur and Cave Hira. (M/J-2010)

The event that took place in Cave Hira marked the beginning of Hazrat
Muhammad (SAW)’s prophet hood and the spread of Islam’s universal messages.
The paradigm of prophet hood shifted from Bani Israel to Bani Ismael. In this
cave Angel Jibrael brought the first revelation to Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
The experience revealed the importance of acquiring knowledge. Through this
cave Allah prepared His Messenger (SAW) for his profound mission. The cave not
only change the life of people of Arabia but also the history of the entire human
race. On the other hand, Cave of Thawr provided protection to the Prophet
(SAW) who otherwise would have been caught by the Quraysh and brutally killed.
This cave revealed the utmost friendship between Prophet Muhammad (SAW)
and Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and also the immense faith they had in Allah. “Have
no fear, for Allah is with us” This cave proved to be a turning point in the life of
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) as he was able to safely reach Medina and emerge
as a leader of Islam.

Importance of Hazrat Khadija (RA) (M/J-2010)

Hazrat Khadija (RA) was the first woman to believe in the message of Islam. She
was called the best woman of all times by the Prophet (SAW). When Prophet
Hood was bestowed on her husband she comfort, during this strange and difficult
experience. She assured him that “Allah will never disgrace you”. She financially
supported the Prophet (SAW) who then did not need to bother about his
earnings, rather he could spend time mediating and getting ready for his mission.
She was the only wife of the Prophet (SAW) who suffered persecution during the
Boycott of Banu Hashim clan. The Prophet (SAW) always praised her in front of
his other wives. She was so unimportant to him that the year she died, Prophet
(SAW) called that year Am-ul-Huzn. And when she was alive Allah sent her
greetings through Angel Jibrael.

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Give an account of how the Quran developed into book form?
As the Quran was revealed to the Prophet (SAW) is got imprinted in his heart.
He used to encourage his companions to write the verses, memorize them,
recite them and teach them to others.

According to Hazrat Usman (RA) the Prophet (SAW) used to dictate the verses
to his scribes and also instructed them to put which verse in which surah and
along with which verse, according to the will of Allah.

Since paper was rare and expensive Quran was written down on various
materials like shoulder blades of animals, pieces of leather, papyrus, flat stones
and palm trees. Some scribes and Huffaz during the time of Prophet (SAW)
were Hazrat Zaid Bin Thabit, Abdullah Bin Masood, Ubay Bin Kaab, Hazrat Abu
Bakr, Usman, Umar and Ali.

During the Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) many Huffaz were martyred
during the Battle of Yamamah. Hazrat Umar showed his concern to the Khalifa
regarding the Quran teaching being lost once the Huffaz leave the world Hazrat
Abu Bakr (RA) was at first reluctant as such a step to compile the Quran was
not taken by the Prophet (SAW) himself. He was finally convinced and assigned
the task to Zaid Bin Thabit who too showed reluctance to accept such great
responsibility initially.

A committee of 75 Huffaz was formed under the leadership of Zaid Bin Thabit.
Quranic text was collected from the memory as well as written possessions of
the companions. Hazrat Zaid and Hazrat Umar verified the verses first then two
more witnesses were asked to verify them. After strict security were the verses
put together in the order as directed by the Prophet (SAW). This compilation
was in the form of lose sheets. After Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and Hazrat Umar (RA),
it retained in the custody of Hazrat Hafsa (RA), the daughter of Umar (RA) and
widow of the Prophet (SAW). This compilation was named after her as
Mushaf-e-Hafsa.

During Hazrat Usman (RA) reign a need of compiling the Quran was once again
felt when Islam had widely spread and people were reciting the Quran in
different dialects. The Muslims either recited the Quran wrongly or they
criticized each other’s correct dialect since they were different.

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After being convinced by Huzaifa Bin Yaman, Hazrat Usman (RA) once again
formed a committee under Hazrat Zaid this time of 4 companions, including
Saad bin al Aas, Abdullah bin Zubair and Abdul Rahman Bin Harith. He ordered
them to make several copies from Mashaf-al-Hafsa, using the dialect of the
Quraysh. These copies were then dispatched to various newly conquered states.
This compilation during the time of Hazrat Usman was the first one to be in book
form. For this he was given the title of Jamial Quran. Later dots or pause marks
were put in the Quranic text during the time of Muawiyah Bin Abu Sufyan who
had appointed Abul Aswad ad duali. This was followed by dots on Arabic letters
for proper recitation and placing of vowel points, zammah, fatha and kasrah,
this compilation is used till today.

Significance of Quran in Book Form

Moreover, in areas where electricity and internet is not prevalent, book form
of Quran is used. The book form of the Quran ensures a standardized copy of
the Quran from which other copies can be produced without any mistakes.
Having all the verses together and in the sequence told by the Prophet (SAW).
Makes it easier to recite the Quran, memorize it, preach it and even desire
rulings from it. It can be assured that no parts are lost. Even though people use
different languages they can conveniently read the Quran in the same dialect.

Describe the Prophet (SAW)’s conduct as leader in two of the battles he

fought in.
The Prophet (SAW)’s leadership qualities were evident in all battles he fought,
mostly in Battle of Badr and Battle of Trench.

Firstly, the Prophet (SAW) didn’t initiate the Battle of Badr. In fact, he began
his preparation after he learned about the Quraysh’s motives. The Prophet
(SAW) consulted his companions and valued their advice before marching
towards. Moreover, when he was leaving for the battle he did not leave Medina
unattended. In fact, he made one of his companions Abdullah bin Umme
Makhtum in charge of Medina. This even shows that the Prophet (SAW) gave
responsibilities to his companions according to their capabilities as this
companion being blind could not serve as a warrior but could work a s a n

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administrator of affairs. When the Prophet (SAW) reached Badr he chose a
place away from the water wells. However, when advised by Hubab Bin Munzir
he moved the army towards the main well. While the rest of the wells were
closed one was left open showing the Prophet (SAW) was considerate and not
brutal towards the enemies. As a leader the Prophet (SAW) spent the night
before the battle praying to Allah “O Allah if this small band of men perish,
there will be no one alive to worship you.” The next day the Prophet (SAW)
having faith in Allah, put forward his best strategies . He arranged his army in
rows and told his men to use their swords till the enemy was close. This he
advised so that the Muslims would not run out of their limited weapons. When
the Quraysh challenged the Muslims to Mubazara or single combat the Prophet
(SAW) sent the best of his three men, Hamza; Ali and Abu Ubaidah. During the
actual battle the Prophet (SAW) kept conveying words of encouragement to
the soldiers. Once by the will of Allah he throw a handful of dust towards the
enemies. Once this created confusion he commanded his men to march inside
the contingent of his army incurring heavy losses. Besides being an excellent
strategist. He showed consideration towards the prisoners of war by selling
them free for ransom. Some were asked to educate at least to children as
ransom. This showed that the Prophet (SAW) intelligently utilized the skills of
the enemies.

During the Battle of Trench his leadership qualities were no less. After
consulting his companions he readily accepted the advice of Salman Farsi (RA)
to dig a trench on the northern side of Medina. The Prophet (SAW) was not
conservative as a leader but welcomed new strategies even if it came from his
companions like Salman Farsi (RA) who was once a slave. The Prophet (SAW)
himself participated in the digging which encouraged his men further. The
Prophet (SAW) was extremely vigilant during the Battle. He sent Saad Bin Muaz
and Saad Bin Ubaidah to watch the movements of Banu Quraizah when he
broke the treaty. Once the battle becomes intense the Prophet (SAW) made
use of an excellent strategy by asking one of the newly converts Jew Nyam bin
Masood to cause a rift between his men and Quraysh, this weakened the
enemies. At the same time the Prophet (SAW) prayed to Allah and sent Huzaifa
bin Yemen to watch the movements of the Quraysh. Finally, the exemplary
leader decided that from then onwards Muslims would not wait for an attack

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but move forward once the enemies’ motives were known. When the battle
ended Prophet (SAW) dealt with the Tribe of Banu Quraysh. Thus enabling the
Muslims to emerge as the rising power of Arabia. This would not have been
possible without the excellent leadership qualities of Prophet Muhammad
(SAW).

What can Muslim leaders learn from the Prophet (SAW)’s conduct in their
Relations with other states.
The Prophet (SAW) maintained ties with other states on the basis of justice. For
instance, he gave equal rights to residents of Medina in Charter of Medina. At
the same time Muslim leaders learn not to bow their heads towards any sort
of injustice. For instance, the Prophet (SAW) dealt strictly with Syrians when
they killed one of his envoys at Mautah. Moreover, leaders of today should
always look for opportunities to spread Islam just as the Prophet (SAW) sent
letters of invitations to various rulers. No sort of brutality should be depicted
during wars especially if the enemy is willing to surrender. War should only be
an option when the enemy opts for it. Leaders of today must join hands together
against atrocities faced by Muslims in Syria, Palestine and Kashmir. The Prophet
(SAW) had conquered his lost territory, Makkah. The leaders of today should
join hands to free Masjid-al-Aqsa from the unjust occupation of the Jews.

How can Muslims be a role model for Muslims now?

Ayesha was one of the most beloved wives of the Prophet (SAW). Her
intelligence, knowledge and endless love for the Prophet (SAW) strengthened
their bond immensely. This way she is a role model for woman of t o d a y ,
revealing secrets to a successful marriage. She was not only a student of Islam
all her life but also a great scholar. This shows that women can excel in the field
of education and run Madrassah and other educational institutions. She was a
lurist which gives women an important position in Islam and they can be best
teachers. There should be no gender discrimination in receiving and imparting
knowledge. She accompanied the Prophet (SAW) on various journeys and

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helped him in his mission. Once again we learn to be advisors, mentors and
supporters of our spouse as well as the entire Muslim Community.

Write a note on Prophet Muhammad (SAW) grandsons, Hassan and Hussain.

Hazrat Hassan (RA) and Hazrat Hussain (RA) were sons of Prophet (SAW)’s
Beloved daughter and son in law, Hazrat Fatima (RA) and Hazrat Ali (RA).
Hassan (RA) was the eldest. He was born on 1st Ramadan 3 AH, in Medina while
Hussain (RA) was born on 3rd Shaban, 4th AH. At their birth, Prophet (SAW)
recited Azaan in their right ear and Iqahmah in their left. He also sacrificed two
rams for each, gave them honey and gave charity equivalent to the weight of
their hair.
It is reported that Hazrat Jibrael (AS) had asked the Prophet (SAW) to name his
grandsons Hassan (RA) and Hussain (RA) both meaning beautiful ones. Hassan
(RA) was also known as Shabbar which means hands on, Hussain (RA) was called

‘Shabbir’ meaning the patient in Hebrew Language.

Prophet (SAW) greatly loved them. Allowed his grandsons to climb his back
while prostrating. He would often make them sit on his lap. Prophet (SAW) once
interrupted his sermon and came down from the pulpit to pick them up when
tripped over.

Prophet (SAW) said, about ‘Hassan, ‘O Allah! I love him, so I beseech You to
love him’

About Hussain, the Messenger said, “Hussain belongs to me, and I to him May
Allah love him who loves Hussain”
Hassan learnt newly revealed verses from his grandfather. The rule of
prohibition of alms for Prophet (SAW) and family was established when Hassan
RA) attempted to eat one where upon Prophet (SAW) asked him to take out of
his mouth.

Hassan (RA) was 8 and Hussain (RA) was 7 when the Prophet (SAW) died. Six
months later their mother died and they were then groomed by their father,
Hazrat Ali (RA).

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They served all the Caliphs faithfully, including their father. They aided Hazrat
Usman (RA) when the Caliph’s house was besieged by the rebels. They
participated in the Battle of Camel, Siffin, and Naharwan. After Hazrat Ali (RA)’s
assassination, Hassan (RA) became Caliph when supported by supporters.
However, after six months Muawiyah gathered forces on Iraqi-Syrian Border.
When Hassan (RA) found out that Iraqi troopers had withdrawn support, he
signed peace treaty with Muawiyah to prevent bloodshed. He announced his
abduction in the Masjid-e-Nabwi and retired to Medina. According to Sunnis,
Hassan (RA) had asked Muawiyah to rule according to Quran and Sunnah while
Shias believed that he wanted Muawiyah to give security to his family as well
as later transfers powers to his younger brother Hussain (RA).One of his wives
had p o i s o n e d h i m . Shias b e l i e v e t h a t s h e d i d s o a f t e r b e i n g b r i b e d
b y Muawiyah.

Hazrat Hussain (RA) opposed Muawiya’s son succeeding his father. He has also
against Hassan (RA) renunciating the Caliphate. He spent most of his life in
scholarly activity.

When Yazid ascended throne, Hussain (RA) did not swear allegiance to him. In
fact, he went from Medina to Makkah to avoid bloodshed. When Kufars
invited him to fight for the faith, Hussain (RA) sent his cousin Muslim Bin Aqeel
to assess the situation. Muslim Bin Aqeel dispatched a letter to assure
supporters to Hussain (RA). However, soon after this Muslim’s was martyred.
Yazid appointed Ibn-e-Ziyad as the new governor of Kufa who bribed the Kufans
against Hussain (RA) and terrified his supporter.

Hussain (RA) left for Kufa with his family, even though he was advised against
it by his friend. However, Hussain (RA) was adamant.
On his way Hussain (RA) learnt of Muslim’s death, even then he proceeded with
determination. Yazid army surrounded his camp at Karbala where their water
supply was cut. Some of Hussain (RA)’s men deserted him, others stayed with
his side and got killed one by one. In the end Hussain (RA) gave change of his
inamt to his sick son Zain-ul-Abideen and went to the battle field to meet
martyrdom. Hussain (RA) gave his life on 10th Muharram 60 AH while fighting
against the unjust Umayyad rule.

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Lessons learnt from Battle of Khandaq or Khyber (4)
Through Battle of Trench the first lesson learnt is regarding mutual consultation
and respecting the advice of co-workers and subordinates. Moreover, there
should be no discrimination while fulfilling an important task, no matter how
strenuous it may be. The Prophet (SAW) worked with his companions in digging
the trench. New strategies should be applied in order to counter enemies. Just
as the companions worked diligently obeying the Prophet (SAW)’s commands,
Muslims should work with unity and sincerity under their leaders. We learn to
continue supplicating to Allah asking for help together with applying our efforts
and strategies. We learn that it is permissible to consume Haram food in case
of dire and extreme situations. Also, it is permissible to create a rift between
enemies for safeguarding Islam.

Khyber
Muslims learn to be vigilant about their tasks and goals of life. As soon as the
Prophet (SAW) signed the Treaty of Hudaibiya and peace was restored with
Quraysh, he diverted his attention towards dealing with Jews. Moreover, tasks
can be accomplished with unity and loyalty. Had the Jews joined together to
protect their forts, they might have won the battle. However, they chose to
protect their own forts individually and so could not succeed obedience to Allah
and His Messenger (SAW) raises one’s status. Just like Hazr at Ali (RA) was
chosen to conquer the Fort of Qamus which was a hard nut to crack. Lastly, the
Prophet (SAW) accepted the terms put forward by the Jews once the battle was
over. This way we learn not to be brutal to our enemies especially when they
wish to surrender.

Illustrate/discover/explain the major themes of Allah’s relation with His

Created world/Humankind.
A major theme of the Quran is Allah’s relation with His created world. The way
He maintains every affair of His creation. The love that He showers on each of
His creation that He has beautifully designed.

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Al-Fatihah shows that Allah is the ‘Rab-ul-Alameen’, the Creator and Nurturer
of all what He has invented. He has not only created His creation but has also
arranged for them nourishment and means of living. Firstly, He showers His
immeasurable bounties on His people. Then He teaches them the code of life.
He taught them how to pray to Him and ask Him for assistance, His mercy and
forgiveness. Allah commands us to perform sincere worship for Him and to seek
His aid concerning all affairs of life. The servants need Allah the exalted to help
them remain firm on the path of guidance, ‘Sirat-e-Mustaqim’.

By following the divine guidance, humans can hope to be successful in this world
and where Allah holds the Supreme Judiciary and is the “Master of the Day of
Judgement”

Allah extends the invitation of Tauheed to humanity at large. Every creation is

a manifest sign of Allah’s power. Allah has made the earth a source of
habitation. Allah caused various types of vegetation to grow for Man’s
sustenance. As Allah says in Surah-Al-Bakarah, “Who has made the earth your
couch and the heavens your canopy, and sent down rain from the heavens;
and by it brought forth fruits for your sustenance.” (2: 21 – 22) Allah has
favored His servants by bringing them to life after they did not exist.

Therefore, Allah commands in the Quran “O people! Adore your guardian

Lord.” Humans should acknowledge Allah’s supreme powers by never
committing shirk.

Allah created Man from a dangling clot and then out of His Generosity He taught
Man that which he did not know. Thus Allah exalted him and honored him by
giving him knowledge. It is this dignity that the Father of Humanity, Adam, was
distinguished with over the angels who glorified Him. Allah says in Surah Alaq
“Read! In the name of your Lord, Who created, Created Man out of a mere
clot of congealed blood. Proclaim! And your Lord is most bountiful. He who
taught by the pen, Taught Man what he did not know.” (96: 1 – 5)

Man should acquire knowledge in order to understand the countless bounties

of his Lord also in order to learn the utilize them for his and other benefits.

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In Surah-al-Zilzaal, Allah vividly des cribes the scenes of r e s u r r e c t i o n . He
assures Mankind that not a single deed will be overlooked no matter how
insignificant it maybe. He reminds Man about the advent of the Day of
Judgement so that He develops Taqwa (love and fear of His Lord) in order to
save himself from Allah’s wrath. Allah says, “On that day will men proceed in
companions sorted out, to be shown their deeds.” (99: 6)

Man develops a fear of Allah’s wrath and leads himself piety in order to save
himself from Allah’s displeasure. He avoids all sorts of vices and harming others.
His aim in life is to prepare for the final reckoning.

In Surah a Nas Allah mentions three of His attributes that He is the Lord of
Mankind, the King and Diety of Mankind. He is the only Diety who provides
protection to His Creation. Out of His immeasurable mercy He teaches Mankind
how to seek His protection. Man is surrounded with all sorts of evils and
problems in his life. Therefore, he needs to ask His Creator to protect him from
them. Allah says, “Say: I seek refuge with the Lord and Cherisher of Mankind.
The King of Mankind The Allah of Mankind.” (114: 1 – 3)

Humans are aware of all sorts of evil that prevails and they need to ask Allah
for His protection from them.

Allah the exalted created mankind favored them over the ever glorifying the
angels and then extended His grace by creating the ornaments of earth in the
form of heavenly bodies and other living things. His bounties do not end here,
for He then taught His creation to exalt Him, worship Him, ask Him and seek

His protection for their own external bliss.

Therefore, the Quran explains the beautiful relationship between Allah, the
Creator, Provider, Sustainer and Protector, and humans, His servants.

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