HA Z RAT

ABU BAKR
(RA)

BY
D R . F AY S A L A H M E D A L E E M I
 THE FIRST
CALIPH OF ISLAM
 MAIN EVENTS
OF HIS CALIPHATE
1) His Election as a Caliph
2) Expedition to Syria
3) Problems Faced by Him During His Caliphate
1) Refusal to Pay Zakat
2) False Prophets
4) Compilation of the Quran
5) Military Expansion
6) Importance of His Caliphate
 1. HIS ELECTION
Death of the
Prophet (pbuh)

His Selection as
Ansar &
the Successor of
Muhajireen
the Prophet

His Speech as the

Caliph
 1. HIS ELECTION
 The Holy prophet (SAW) did not nominate his successor during his life time .
 Therefore, the first issue before the people was the election of new caliph
 Ansar (Madinates) gathered at Saqifah e bani Saad .
 They decided that caliph must be from Ansar
 Hazrat Abu Bakr , Hazrat Umar and Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (“RA) also went there
 Some of the leading Ansar wanted a caliph from among the Ansar.
 Hazrat Abu Bakr told them that Arabs will not agree on any Ameer (head) other than a
person from the Quraish .
 Then it was suggested that there should be two caliph , one from Ansar and another from
Quraish.
 Hazrat Umar (ra) objected to this suggestion
 1. HIS ELECTION
 Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (ra) also rejected the suggestion he said
 “ O Ansar !!! you were the to first uphold Islam , Don’t be the first also to sow the seed of
dissention in it ”.
 Hazrat Abu recommended Harat Umar or Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (RA) as a caliph
 But Hazrat umar and Hzarat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (ra) suggested the name of the name
of Hzrat Abu Bakr (ra)
 He became a caliph on 13 Rabi UL Awwal 11 A.H.
 Next day a general pledge of loyalty (Biyat) was taken by the Muslim in the Majid e Nabvi
 Then he delivered a sermon said ,
 “O people I have been selected as your leader though I am not better any one
of you . if I am right obey me. If I am misguided , set me right path.The weakest
among you is powerful in my eyes, until I do not get him his due .The most
powerful among you is the weakest in eyes, until I don’t make him pay due
rights to others .I ask you to obey me as long as I obey Allah and His Messenger.
If I disobey Allah and His Messenger , you are free to disobey me
2. EXPEDITION TO SYRIA
 The Holy Prophet (saw) ( before his death ) had nominated Hazrat Usama bin Zaid (ra) to
lead an expedition against Syrian in order to avenge the death of his father (Zaid bin Harith)
 The preparation of the expedition were under way when the Holy prophet (saw) fell
seriously ill and passed away .
 The departure of army was postponed for some weeks
 As soon as Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) became the caliph ,
 The first thing he thought of was sending out expedition.
 Madinah was surrounded by hostile tribe , so it was suggested to Abu Bakr that it was not
advisable to send the army outside the country .
2. EXPEDITION TO SYRIA
 Hazrat Abu Bakr didn’t listen to them , he said , “ who am I to uphold the army that the
Holy Prophet (saw) had ordered to proceed ? come what may let Madina stand or fall the
khilaifat live or perish the command of Holy Prophet shall be carried out “
 Someone suggested that Usama was too raw to lead the expedition because just he was
seventeen years old .
 It was wiser to put more experienced man in command.
 This suggestion made Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) angry he said , “what right have I to dismiss a
man appointed by the Messenger of Allah ?”
 So the expedition left under Usama , about three weeks after the death of Prophet (saw)
2. EXPEDITION TO SYRIA
• Hazrat Abu Bakr gave some useful advice , in the following terms :

“look be not dishonest , don’t deceive any one , don’t hide the booty you get , don’t mutilate any
one , don’t kill the aged , the children and the women , don’t kill those who are busy in their
religious affairs .Don’t set fire to date palms , don’t cut fruit bearing trees , don’t slaughter a
goat or cow or camel except purpose of food and before starting the war give them three
options , accept Islam , pay jizya (tax) than ready for war ,”
2. EXPEDITION TO SYRIA
• Hazrat Usama’s expedition proved very successful.
• He raided the frontier districts of Syria
• And returned to Madina after forty days with a great victory .
• It secured the safety of frontier with the Byzantines and averted the threat of any attack
from them
• It made the hostile tribes realized that the Muslims were enough to meet any
emergencies
 3. Apostasy
Movement

False Refusal to
Prophets pay Zakat
1. REFUSAL TO PAY ZAKAT

Reason

Name of His
Tribes Remarks

His Action
REFUSAL TO PAY ZAKAT
 Some newly converted tribes refused to pay zakat
 Among the non payers of Zakat were the neighboring tribes , such as , Asad , Murrah
,ABBAS , Banu Ghatafan, etc ,
 They were considering zakat as a state tax not compulsory ,
 It was an agreement with the Holy Prophet (saw) now it has ended
 Hazrat Abu Bakr called a meeting of his Shura (Advisory Council)
 He sought its advice
 Many of his companions advised him to ignore these tribes and settle with them
 Hazrat Abu Bakr strictly refused the suggestion he said , “ I swear by Allah , I will fight
alone , if others don’t support me , against every body whosoever refuses a single she goat
-kid due on him in Zkat.”
 He launched a fierce campaign without delay he himself led one troop against Banu Abbas and
Zabyan tribes , were defeated by Muslim army ,,,
 Many tribes sent their agreed to pay zakat
 2. FALSE PROPHETS
Muslims’
Belief

4. Asawad
1. Tuleha
Ansi

3. Muselima
2. Sajah
Kazzab
1. ASAWAD ANSI
He belonged to Ansi tribe from Yemen
He was ugly and used to cover his face
Therefore, came to be known as “Veiled Prophet”
As he claimed magical power , people flocked under his banner
He captured Najran and Sana
He was killed by Feroz Delmi , one day before the Prophet's
(SAW) demise
His followers in Yamen , arose against Abu Bakr (RA) but were
defeated by Muslims
2. TULEHA
 He belonged to Banu Asad tribe from Northern Arabia.
 He was also one of the imposters.
 He divined a water spring in the desert .
 he thought that it is sufficient to claim prophet hood .
 On return from last pilgrimage , he laid claim to prophet hood
 All his tribes men became his followers .
 Banu Ghatfan and other tribes also became his allies
 Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed (ra) led the arny against Tulayha.
 Tulayha was defeated in the baatle of Buzakha and fled away to Syria .
 He accepted Islam during caliphate of Hazrat Umar (ra)
 He also took part in the battle of Qadisiya and Nehwand
3. SAJAH
She was a Christian woman
Belonged to Banu Tamim Tribe
Her appearance was due to the Persian instigation
She planned to attack on Musailma but he enchanted her and
they got married .
She fled from the battle of Yamama to her people in Iraq and
later on the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) she converted to
Islam
4. MUSELEMA KAZZAB
Belonged to the powerful tribe of Banu Hanifa and Central Arabia
He declared his prophet hood during the later period of Prophet (SAW)
He wrote a letter to the prophet (saw) , expressed himself as a partner in
prophet hood and suggested to divide the earth between him and Prophet (
SAW)
Prophet (saw0 replied in negative , and given him Title of Kazzaab ( the biggest
Liar)
The death of Prophet (saw) gave Musailma his opportunity.
Musailma even composed some clumsy verses of his own and established his
own method of worship .
He reduced the number of Prayers and abolished Fasting and Zakat he
legalized drinking wine , adultery and gambling etc .
4. MUSELEMA KAZZAB
 Musailma ran away from the battle field
 They took shelter in a garden , Muslim army followed them
 Musailma and his soldiers were killed in a garden which is also known “the
garden of death”
 Musailma was killed by Wahashi the negro slave who had killed Hazrat
Hamza (ra)
 10,000 of Musailma’s force were killed
 About 1000 Muslims received martyrdom including 360 Huffaz e Quran
4. COMPILATION OF THE QURAN
Reason

Suggestion of Role Played by

Umar Zaid b. Thabit

Umm Mashaf e Hafsa

5. EXPANSION OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE
Battles /
Expeditions
Against

Persian Empire Roman Empire

1. BATTLE OF CHAIN Persian Empire
M .C: Khalid bin Waleed
P.C: Hurmuz (governor)
M.A :18,000
P.A: 15,000 -20,000
“Submit to Islam and be safe. Or agree to the payment of the Jizya, and you and
your people will be under our protection, else you will have only yourself to
blame for the consequences, for I bring the men who desire death as ardently as
you desire life.”
1. BATTLE OF CHAIN
Events : Persian tied one another in chain to stay united ,Muslims commander
offered three options , accept Islam , pay Jiziya than ready for war , Persian
commander accepted third option but Muslim army fought very bravely ,
Muslim army crushed them ,
Results : They were defeated , Hurmuz was killed and thousands of Persian
were taken as captives
2. CONQUEST OF SYRIA Roman Empire
IMPORTANCE OF HIS CALIPHATE

Islam
Role Model Survived

Example of Protected
Courage & Muslims’
Sincerity Belief

Brought
Unity &
Peace