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Chapter 08 - Test Bank: Photosynthesis
Chapter 08
Test Bank: Photosynthesis
Multiple Choice Questions
1. __________ is the process by which certain organisms capture energy from sunlight and
use it to build energy-rich food molecules.
A. Metabolism
B. Photosynthesis
C. Respiration
D. Energy
Bloom's Level: Remember

Section: 8.01
Topic: Plants
2. In the _____ reactions of photosynthesis, electron carrier molecules are reduced and ATP
is synthesized.
A. light
B. dark
C. energetic
D. chemical

Section: 8.01
Topic: Plants
3. Each pigment molecule has a characteristic ________ spectrum.

A. pigment
B. absorption
C. emission
D. energy

Figure: 8.05
Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
8-1
4. The wavelengths absorbed by a particular pigment depend on the available ______ levels
to which the light-excited electrons can be absorbed.
A. radiation
B. electron
C. energy
D. photosynthetic

Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
5. Plants and algae use a two-stage _________ in the light dependent reactions.
A. photosystem
B. pigment
C. emission
D. electron

Section: 8.04
Topic: Plants
6. The Calvin cycle is driven by ATP and _____ produced in the light reactions.
A. NAD+
B. NADH
C. NADP+
D. NADPH

Figure: 8.18
Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
8-2
7. Even though the Calvin cycle reactions require the products of the light reactions, its
reactions can occur in the ________.
A. light
B. dark
C. root
D. cold

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
8. In eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside the _________.

A. chloroplasts
B. mitochondria
C. cytoplasm
D. Golgi apparatus

Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
9. Clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigments are called _________.

A. the Golgi apparatus
B. chloroplasts
C. photosystems
D. photosynthetic membranes

Section: 8.04
Topic: Plants
8-3
10. The ______ plants utilize a specialized carbon fixation enzyme and a unique cell
structure to reduce the problems of photorespiration.
A. C3
B. C4
C. desert
D. arctic

Figure: 8.22
Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
11. _______ adapted plants such as cacti, pineapples, etc. show a pattern of stomatal opening
and closing that is the reverse of C3 plants.
A. C3
B. Arctic
C. CAM
D. Calvin cycle

Figure: 8.24
Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
12. The general process whereby protons accumulate on one side of a membrane and can
flow back across the membrane through ATP synthase resulting in ATP production is called
_________________.
A. chemiosmosis
B. ATP synthesis
C. diffusion
D. active transport

Figure: 8.15
Section: 8.05
Topic: General
8-4
13. Carbon fixation occurs during the dark reactions, or _____________, in photosynthesis.
A. glycolysis
B. metabolism
C. respiration
D. the Calvin cycle

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
14. Carbon atoms of CO2 are incorporated into organic molecules in a series of dark reactions
called
A. carbon reduction.
B. carbon synthesis.
C. carbon fixation.
D. carbon activation.
E. carbon oxidation.

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
15. Most plants incorporate carbon dioxide into sugars by means of a cycle of reactions called
the
A. CAM cycle.
B. carbon cycle.
C. Calvin cycle.
D. Krebs cycle.
E. electron transport cycle.

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
8-5
16. Flattened sacs of internal membranes associated with photosynthesis are called
A. chloroplasts.
B. photosystems.
C. the stroma.
D. thylakoids.
E. cristae.

Section: 8.01
Topic: Plants
17. In green plant photosynthesis, the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is
A. carbon dioxide.
B. oxygen.
C. RuBP.
D. chlorophyll II.
E. water.

Figure: 8.14
Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
18. In the dark reactions of photosynthesis, CO2 is added to a five-carbon sugar-phosphate

known as
A. cyclic AMP.
B. NADH.
C. NAD+.
D. RuBP.
E. CAM.

Figure: 8.18
Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
8-6
19. Which of the following scientists is not associated with studies on photosynthesis?
A. Blackman
B. Jan Ingenhousz
C. Krebs
D. Calvin
E. Van Niel

Section: 8.02
Topic: Plants
20. Light consists of units of energy called

A. electrons.
B. photons.
C. protons.
D. neutrons.
E. pigments.

Section: 8.03
Topic: General
21. Visible light has a wavelength range of

A. 400-700 nanometers.
B. 200-800 nanometers.
C. 200-400 nanometers.
D. 200-700 nanometers.
E. 0.001-100,000 nanometers.

Figure: 8.04
Section: 8.03
Topic: General
8-7
22. Sunburn is caused by which component of sunlight?

A. infrared rays
B. X rays
C. gamma rays
D. ultra violet rays
E. long wavelength rays

Section: 8.03
Topic: General
23. Molecules that absorb light are called

A. enzymes.
B. electron carriers.
C. pigments.
D. photosynthesizers.
E. absorbers.

Section: 8.03
Topic: General
24. The connection between carrots and vision is that the β-carotene of carrots can produce
two molecules of vitamin A and oxidation of vitamin A produces a pigment used in vertebrate
vision. This pigment's name is
A. chlorophyll.
B. ferredoxin.
C. cytochrome.
D. carotene.
E. retinal.
Bloom's Level: Understand

Section: 8.03
Topic: General
8-8
25. Chlorophyll b absorbs in green wavelengths of light that chlorophyll a cannot absorb. In
this respect, chlorophyll b acts as
A. an accessory pigment.
B. an energizer for photosynthetic bacteria.
C. a light absorber in the green light.
D. a more efficient pigment.

Figure: 8.05
Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
26. The photosystem channels the excitation energy gathered by absorption of light by any
one of the pigment molecules to a specific "reaction center chlorophyll," which in turn passes
the energy to
A. photosystem I.
B. photosystem II.
C. the primary electron acceptor.
D. the secondary electron center.
E. cytochrome.

Figure: 8.10
Section: 8.04
Topic: Plants
27. Which of the following is common to both cellular respiration and the light reactions of
photosynthesis?
A. the transfer of electrons to glucose
B. the chemiosmotic formation of ATP
C. oxygen is one of the byproducts
D. mitochondria are essential organelles
E. must have light
Bloom's Level: Evaluate

Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
8-9
28. In the photosystem I photocenter, light energy captured by pigment molecules is passed
on to a special molecule called
A. P680.
B. P700.
C. chlorophyll I.
D. chlorophyll II.
E. retinal.

Figure: 8.14
Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
29. Photosystem II absorbs protons that are slightly more energetic than photosystem I, but
similarly pass this energy to a pigment called
A. P680.
B. P700.
C. chlorophyll I.
D. chlorophyll II.
E. retinal.

Figure: 8.14
Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
30. Photosystem II differs from photosystem I in that _____________ is not made directly
from the process.
A. ATP
B. NADH
C. NADPH
D. carbohydrates
E. water

Figure: 8.14
Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
8-10
31. The dark reactions of photosynthesis are those that

A. convert chlorophylls into enzymes.
B. convert enzymes into chlorophylls.
C. convert water into hydrogen and oxygen.
D. convert CO2 into reduced molecules (sugars).
E. only occur in the dark.

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
32. In dark reactions, when CO2 is added to a molecule of RUBP the product is
A. citric acid.
B. glucose.
C. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
D. phosphoglycerate.
E. pyruvate.

Figure: 8.18
Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
33. The cyclic carbon fixation reactions are also known as the
A. Krebs cycle.
B. Calvin cycle.
C. citric acid cycle.
D. tri carboxylic acid cycle.
E. Blackman cycle.

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
8-11
34. How many revolutions of the Calvin cycle are required to produce the sugar glucose?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6

Figure: 8.18
Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
35. In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located?
A. stroma
B. thylakoids
C. grana
D. envelope
E. cristae

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
36. The photosynthetic electron transport causes the accumulation of protons in which part of
the chloroplast?
A. matrix
B. stroma
C. envelope
D. outer membrane
E. internal thylakoid space

Figure: 8.15
Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
8-12
37. Embedded in the thylakoid membrane and protruding as knobs from the outer surface into
the stroma, there are
A. enzymes that fix carbon dioxide.
B. proton channels that synthesize ATP.
C. chlorophyll a and b.
D. P680 and P700.
E. specialized bundle sheath cells.

Figure: 8.15
Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
38. What products of light reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle?
A. oxygen and protons
B. carbon dioxide and water
C. ATP and NADPH
D. ADP and NADP
E. glucose and oxygen

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
39. CO2 is released without the production of ATP or NADPH. This process is called
A. carbon fixation.
B. oxygen fixation.
C. photophosphorylation.
D. photorespiration.
E. photooxidation.

Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
8-13
40. The loss of carbon fixing activity of the enzyme RuBP carboxylase is directly proportional
to
A. high temperatures and high light intensities.
B. low temperature and low light intensities.
C. completely dark conditions.
D. lack of carbon dioxide.
E. lack of oxygen.

Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
41. One of the disadvantages of the C4 pathway is that it requires

A. more O2.
B. more NADPH.
C. more light.
D. more ATP.
E. a much higher temperature.

Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
42. A method devised by succulent desert plants to reduce the problem of photorespiration is
A. the C3 pathway.
B. the CAM metabolism.
C. the Calvin cycle.
D. light reactions.
E. nitrogen fixation.

Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
8-14
43. Most of the atmospheric oxygen occurs as a result of photosynthesis. From which of the
following molecules is the oxygen derived?
A. water
B. carbon dioxide
C. glucose
D. chlorophyll

Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
44. A scientist is hoping to synthesize a new herbicide that will kill certain weeds. She has
found that one weed species in particular has thylakoids that have rather large pores. The
herbicide will open the pores of these thylakoids, causing them to leak
A. stromal enzymes.
B. chlorophyll.
C. ATP.
D. glucose.
E. NADPH.
Bloom's Level: Apply

Section: 8.01
Topic: Plants
45. C. B. van Niel used sulfur bacteria in his research on photosynthesis. His equation
involved carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The bacteria produce sulfur. In green plants
which molecule is split to form the oxygen?
A. water
B. carbon dioxide
C. glucose
D. chlorophyll

Section: 8.02
Topic: Plants
8-15
46. If chlorophyll a is blocked from absorbing, what will happen to chlorophyll b since it is an
accessory pigment?
A. Chlorophyll b will become denatured and will not function as a light-absorbing pigment.
B. Chlorophyll b will still absorb near the green wavelengths of light, but photosynthesis will
be greatly reduced.
C. Chlorophyll b will become saturated with light and will continue photosynthesis even in
the absence of chlorophyll a.
D. Chlorophyll b will also be blocked and thus photosynthesis will be stopped.

Figure: 8.05
Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
47. Carotenoids are important to many plants because these pigments are able to
A. remove carbon dioxide from the air.
B. absorb wavelengths of light that neither chlorophyll a nor b can absorb.
C. absorb water so that hydrolysis can be carried out in the chloroplasts.
D. capture UV radiation that is harmful to the DNA in the nucleus of plant cells.
E. store electrons for use during the "dark" reaction of photosynthesis.

Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
48. Engelmann (1883) determined the wavelengths of light that plants could use most
effectively. He used a green algae and __________ to obtain his results.
A. another green algae
B. anaerobic bacteria
C. aerobic bacteria
D. radioactive isotopes
E. a mass spectrometer

Section: 8.02
Topic: Plants
8-16
49. Engelmann (1883) discovered that the wavelengths of light that chlorophyll most strongly
absorbed were
A. in the red-violet wavelengths of the visible light spectrum.
B. in the green wavelength of the visible light spectrum.
C. in the yellow-orange wavelengths of the visible light spectrum.
D. in the ultraviolet wavelengths of the light spectrum.
E. in the infrared wavelengths of the light spectrum.

Section: 8.02
Topic: Plants
50. Fall leaf color on deciduous trees is a result of

A. the production of more accessory pigments because of the cooler temperatures.
B. the reduction in the production of accessory pigments because of the cooler temperatures.
C. cessation of chlorophyll production, which allows the accessory pigments to be revealed.
D. the increased angle of the sun during the fall, which reflects more of the accessory
pigments causing the human eye to see the red, yellow, and orange colors that were masked
by the green chlorophyll.

Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
51. In the plants that utilize the CAM pathway, what happens to the stomata?
A. The stomata open in the afternoon but close as soon as the sun sets.
B. The stomata open in the morning but close in the afternoon.
C. The stomata open in the evening but close in the morning.
D. The stomata open only when the sun is shining and close at night.

Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
8-17
52. Which of the following is not part of the light-dependent reactions?

A. primary photoevent
B. charge separation
C. Calvin cycle
D. electron transport
E. chemiosmosis

Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
53. The Calvin cycle requires all of the following except

A. carbon dioxide.
B. oxygen.
C. ATP.
D. NADPH.
E. water.

Figure: 8.18
Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
54. Shortest wavelength and highest-energy photons within the visible spectrum; one of the
regions where chlorophylls absorb.
A. green
B. violet-blue
C. red
D. ultraviolet
E. yellow-orange

Figure: 8.04
Topic: General
8-18
55. Visible light not strongly absorbed by chlorophyls.

A. green
B. violet-blue
C. red
D. ultraviolet
E. yellow-orange

Figure: 8.05
Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
56. High energy component of the electromagnetic spectrum; associated with sunburn.
A. green
B. violet-blue
C. red
D. ultraviolet
E. yellow-orange

Section: 8.03
Topic: General
57. Apparent color of chlorophylls.

A. green
B. violet-blue
C. red
D. ultraviolet
E. yellow-orange

Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
8-19
58. Visible light with longest wavelength and lowest-energy photons; one of the regions
where chlorophylls absorb.
A. green
B. violet-blue
C. red
D. ultraviolet
E. yellow-orange

Figure: 8.05
Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
59. Jean Baptista van Helmont performed an experiment in which he planted a small willow
tree in a pot of soil, after weighing both the plant and the soil. He watered the plant regularly.
At the conclusion of the experiment five years later, the weight of the tree increased by 74.4
kg, while weight of the soil decreased by 57 kg. The primary source of the increased weight
(mass) of the plant is from
A. oxygen in the air.
B. carbohydrates absorbed through the roots.
C. the water he added.
D. CO2 in the air.

Section: 8.02
Topic: Plants
60. Your class project involves a presentation of the photoelectric effect. Which of the
following materials would be the most helpful for a clear demonstration?
A. glow in the dark stickers and a UV light
B. glow in the dark stickers and an infrared light
C. a prism and a visible light source
D. a prism and a UV light source

Section: 8.01
Topic: General
8-20
61. Which of the following statements supports the fact that chlorophyll a is not the only
pigment involved in photosynthesis?
A. The rate of photosynthesis is low at wavelengths when the absorption by chlorophyll a is
high.
B. The rate of photosynthesis is high at wavelengths when the absorption by chlorophyll a is
low.
C. The rate of photosynthesis is low at wavelengths when the absorption by chlorophyll a is
low.
D. The rate of photosynthesis is high at wavelengths when the absorption by chlorophyll a is
high.

Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
62. You are working to isolate pigments from a cyanobacteria species recovered from the
ocean floor. Which of the following would you most likely expect to find?
A. chlorophyll a
B. chlorophyll b
C. phycobiloproteins
D. carotenoids

Section: 8.02
Topic: Plants
63. Your research project involves a mutational analysis of the light harvesting complex
Lhca1. Your labmate asks if you are working on a cytochrome found in the outer membrane
of the chloroplast. You explain that:
A. Yes, I am working on a cytochrome located in the outer chloroplast membrane.
B. I am working on a cytochrome, but it is located in the thylakoid membrane, not the outer
chloroplast membrane.
C. I am working on a protein found in the antenna complex and it is located in the thylakoid
membrane.
D. Although it is located in the outer membrane of the chloroplast, I am working on a protein
found in the antenna complex.

Section: 8.04
Topic: Plants
8-21
64. Which of the following would not be considered to be a function of the antennae complex
in photosynthesis?
A. enables a wide use of the visible light spectrum
B. enables an efficient light reaction
C. provides adaptability to varying light conditions
D. acts as reaction center

Section: 8.04
Topic: Plants
65. Emerson and colleagues discovered the enhancement effect while studying photosynthesis
in green algae. The algae were illuminated with light of either 680 nm or 700 nm, and the rate
of photosynthesis was measured. The researchers found that the rate of photosynthesis when
the lights were applied simultaneously was greater than the sum of the rates when the lights
were applied individually. These results provided evidence that
A. photosynthesis is carried out by two photosystems that act in parallel.
B. photosynthesis is carried out by two photosystems that act in series.
C. photosynthesis is carried out by two photosystems that work best at a wavelength of 690
nm.
D. photosynthesis is enhanced by the use of two photosystems.

Section: 8.02
Topic: Plants
To elucidate the cycle of reactions that allow carbon fixation, Melvin Calvin exposed
suspensions of the green alga Chlorella to 14CO2 for a period of time. He then killed the cells
and denatured the enzymes by submerging them in a beaker of boiling alcohol. The 14C-
labeled compounds were then separated from one another using paper chromatography.
8-22
66. What did the radioactive molecules represent?

A. Calvin cycle enzymes used in the Calvin
B. carbon compounds produced in the Calvin cycle
C. cellular debris from Chlorella
D. carbon dioxide gas

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
67. Which of the following experimental modifications would help to determine the sequence
of reactions and the reaction intermediates in the Calvin cycle?
A. exposing the cells to 14CO2 for various time intervals
B. exposing the cells to alternating periods of light and darkness
C. exposing the cells to radiolabeled O2 instead of 14CO2
D. varying other rate limiting steps of photosynthesis such as water and light

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
68. Which of the following statements best describes the relative concentrations of G3P and
RuBP in a chloroplast as a result of a transition from daytime (light) to nighttime (dark)?
A. The concentrations of G3P and RuBP would remain the same.
B. The concentrations of G3P and RuBP would both decrease.
C. G3P would increase and RuBP would decrease.
D. G3P would decrease and RuBP would increase.

Section: 8.06
Topic: Plants
8-23
69. During electron transport, the thylakoid space becomes

A. the site of ATP synthesis.
B. the site of NADPH production.
C. less acidic than the stroma.
D. more acidic than the stroma.

Section: 8.05
Topic: Plants
70. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the regulation of photorespiration.
Based on this information, ABA likely plays a role in
A. the opening and closing of stomata.
B. the photoelectric effect.
C. cyclic photophosphorylation.
D. noncyclic photophosphorylation.

Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
71. If you exposed a C4 plant to 14CO2 in the light, which of the following would be the first
organic molecule labeled with 14C?
A. oxaloacetate
B. malate
C. pyruvate
D. phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Figure: 8.23
Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
8-24
72. Under what circumstances would increasing light intensity not result in an increase in the
rate of photosynthesis?
A. At any given time, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the factor which is in the
shortest supply. Therefore, if a factor other than light is limited, increasing the light intensity
would not result in an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.
B. At any given time, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the factor which is in the
greatest supply. Therefore, if a factor other than light is in surplus, increasing the light
intensity would not result in an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.
C. At any given time, the rate of photosynthesis is at its peak. Therefore, increasing the light
intensity would not result in an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.

Section: 8.03
Topic: Plants
73. Describe the conflict between a plant's need to undergo photosynthesis and its need to
conserve water when it is in short supply. Briefly state how plants overcome this problem.
A. For photosynthesis to occur, plants need to take in O2 and release CO2. Plants accomplish
this task by opening and closing the stomata on their leaves. Each time the stomata are open,
however, plants also lose water vapor. If water is in short supply, this loss can decrease the
rate of photosynthesis. To overcome this problem, plants undergo respiration.
B. For photosynthesis to occur, plants need to take in CO2 and release O2. Plants accomplish
however, plants also lose water vapor. If water is in short supply, this loss can decrease the
rate of photosynthesis. To overcome this problem, plants undergo photorespiration.
C. For photosynthesis to occur, plants need to take in CO2 and release O2. Plants accomplish
however, plants gain water. This gain can decrease the rate of photosynthesis. To overcome
this problem, plants undergo transpiration.

Section: 8.07
Topic: Plants
8-25
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Multiple Choice Questions

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

3. Each pigment molecule has a characteristic ________ spectrum.

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

8. In eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside the _________.

Bloom's Level: Remember

9. Clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigments are called _________.

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

18. In the dark reactions of photosynthesis, CO2 is added to a five-carbon sugar-phosphate

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

20. Light consists of units of energy called

Bloom's Level: Remember

21. Visible light has a wavelength range of

Bloom's Level: Remember

22. Sunburn is caused by which component of sunlight?

Bloom's Level: Remember

23. Molecules that absorb light are called

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Understand

Bloom's Level: Understand

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Evaluate

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Understand

31. The dark reactions of photosynthesis are those that

Bloom's Level: Understand

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Understand

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Understand

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Understand

41. One of the disadvantages of the C4 pathway is that it requires

Bloom's Level: Understand

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Understand

Bloom's Level: Apply

Bloom's Level: Remember

Bloom's Level: Understand

Bloom's Level: Understand