Test Bank for EARTH, 1st Edition: Thompson

Test Bank for EARTH, 1st Edition: Thompson

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Test Bank Chapter 8
Earth Volcanoes and Plutons

Chapter 8 Test Bank

Completion
1. Magma production occurs through __________ __________ __________ in a mantle
plume.

2. The three environments of magma production are __________ __________,

__________ __________, and __________ __________.

3. Long chains of silicate tetrahedra form in magma with __________ composition.

4. The magma of andesite and diorite contains __________ silica than granite.

5. Granitic magma contains __________ water than basaltic magma.

6. A granitic pluton that is exposed for less than 100 square kilometers is called a/an
__________.

7. A/an __________ forms when magma oozes between layers of country rock as a sheet
parallel to the layering.

8. If lava solidifies before the gas in it escapes, the bubbles are preserved as holes called
__________.

9. __________ are pyroclastic volcanic fragments that vary in size from 4 to 32 millimeters.

10. Lava and rock fragments commonly erupt from a __________ located in the crater of a
volcano.

11. About 75 percent of the Earth’s volcanic activity occurs along a circle of subduction
zones in the Pacific Ocean called the __________ __________ __________.

12. A/an __________ __________ is a small volcano composed of pyroclastic fragments.

13. Explosively erupted rock particles or magma form __________ rock.

14. A chaotic mixture of volcanic ash and rock fragments that is left behind when most of the
gas escapes into the atmosphere during an ash flow and solidifies is called a/an
__________ __________ __________.

15. The circular depression left when the roof of a magma chamber collapses is called a/an
__________.

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Test Bank Chapter 8
Earth Volcanoes and Plutons

Fill-in-the-Blank
1. Melting caused by decreased pressure is called __________ melting.
a. pressure-release
b. pressure-decrease
c. pressure-cease
d. pressure-diminish

2. The Ring of Fire, a zone of concentrated volcanic activity encircling the Pacific Ocean
basin, is located adjacent to __________.
a. rift zones
b. subduction zones
c. the Mid-Oceanic Ridge system
d. a lava plateau

3. Granitic magma has a __________ melting temperature compared to basaltic magma.

a. lower
b. higher
c. equal
d. much higher

4. Typical granitic magma contains __________ silica and __________ water than typical
basaltic magma.
a. more, less
b. less, less
c. more, more
d. less, more

5. Magma with a high water content has a greater tendency to __________ in the crust,
compared with magma with a lower water content.
a. solidify
b. remain liquid
c. metamorphose
d. spread out

6. Continental crust is typically of __________ composition.

a. basaltic
b. granitic
c. peridotitic
d. magnetic

7. Oceanic crust is typically of __________ composition.

a. basaltic
b. granitic
c. peridotitic
d. magnetic

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Test Bank Chapter 8
Earth Volcanoes and Plutons

8. Granitic magma contains up to __________ percent water.

a. 50
b. 40
c. 25
d. 10

9. Dated rocks and zircon crystals suggest that granitic continental crust had formed by
about __________ years ago.
a. 1.6 million
b. 4.4 million
c. 1.6 billion
d. 4.4 billion

10. A __________ is a pluton with an outcrop area of less than 100 square kilometers.
a. batholith
b. volcanic neck
c. dike
d. stock

11. __________ is lava with a jagged, broken surface.

a. Pahoehoe lava
b. Aa lava
c. Cosmic lava
d. Plutonic lava

12. The most catastrophic volcanic explosions occur when __________ reaches the Earth’s
surface.
a. flood basalt magma
b. granitic magma
c. basaltic magma
d. aa magma

13. Gentle eruptions of basaltic lava from long fissures create __________.
a. flood basalts
b. cinder cones
c. shield volcanoes
d. calderas

14. A/an __________ is a crater formed by the collapse of a magma chamber.

a. ash-flow tuff
b. cinder cone
c. caldera
d. impact crater

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Test Bank Chapter 8
Earth Volcanoes and Plutons

15. When an ash flow comes to a stop, most of the gas escapes into the atmosphere, leaving
behind a chaotic mixture of volcanic ash and rock fragments called __________.
a. ash-flow basalt
b. ash-flow tuff
c. shield volcano
d. submarine volcano

Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following processes causes melting of the asthenosphere and the generation
of magma?
a. removal of water
b. increasing pressure
c. decreasing temperature
d. decreasing pressure

2. Which of the following tectonic environments does not generate large quantities of
magma?
a. transform boundaries
b. mantle plumes
c. subduction zones
d. spreading centers

3. The magma type that most commonly rises to the Earth’s surface to erupt from a volcano
is:
a. granitic magma.
b. potassium-rich magma.
c. plutonic magma.
d. basaltic magma.

4. Most basaltic magma erupts at the Earth’s surface because it:

a. is more viscous than granitic magma.
b. contains huge amounts of water.
c. contains little water.
d. has a higher silica content than granitic magma.

5. The higher silica content of granitic magma causes it to:

a. erupt at the surface.
b. solidify within the crust.
c. become highly viscous.
d. b and c

6. A pluton with an outcrop area of more than 100 square kilometers is a:

a. batholith.
b. volcanic neck.
c. dike.
d. stock.

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Test Bank Chapter 8
Earth Volcanoes and Plutons

7. As lava cools and solidifies from the surface down, cracks frequently grow downward
through the rock. Such cracks are called:
a. batholiths.
b. columnar joints.
c. sills.
d. stocks.

8. Lava with a smooth, ropy surface is:

a. pahoehoe.
b. aa.
c. granitic.
d. plutonic.

9. Pyroclastic bombs, cinders, and ash:

a. flow gently from volcanoes.
b. erupt explosively from volcanoes.
c. solidify within the crust as irregularly-shaped plutons.
d. occur as dikes and sills intruded into country rock.

10. If basaltic magma is too viscous to form a lava plateau, but still quite fluid, it heaps up
slightly, forming:
a. cinder cones.
b. calderas.
c. ash-flow tuffs.
d. shield volcanoes.

11. A composite cone:

a. forms by repeated lava flows and pyroclastic eruptions over a long time.
b. is usually active for only a short time.
c. forms by pyroclastic eruptions only.
d. forms in a single, cataclysmic event.

12. Which magma type erupts most violently?

a. basaltic
b. Hawaiian
c. Icelandic
d. granitic

13. A shield volcano commonly erupts when:

a. basaltic magma oozes like water over the Earth’s surface.
b. fluid basaltic magma builds a gently sloping mountain.
c. water-saturated granitic magma rises.
d. relatively dry granitic magma rises.

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Test Bank Chapter 8
Earth Volcanoes and Plutons

14. A caldera is a:
a. gently sloping mountain formed by low-viscosity magma pouring from a central
vent.
b. steep conical mountain formed by repeated lava flows and pyroclastic eruptions.
c. circular depression formed as the roof of a magma chamber collapses after an
eruption.
d. broad, flat lava plateau formed by fluid magma.

15. Yellowstone Park is an example of three overlapping:

a. calderas.
b. mantle plumes.
c. shield volcanoes.
d. lava plateaus.

True/False
1. Increased temperature is the most important factor in magma production.

2. Basaltic magma forms at the Mid-Oceanic Ridge.

3. Granitic magma has longer chains of silicate tetrahedra than basaltic magma.

4. If magma contains large amounts of water, the water escapes as the magma rises, and the
solidification temperature lowers, causing the magma to erupt.

5. A sill forms when magma oozes between layers of country rock.

6. A dike is a sheet-like, intrusive rock that forms when magma oozes into a fracture.

7. Pahoehoe lava cools and stiffens as it flows, forming basalt with smooth, glassy-surfaced,
wrinkled, or “ropy” ridges.

8. The gentlest, least catastrophic type of volcanic eruption occurs when magma is so fluid
that it simply oozes from cracks as pyroclastic rocks.

9. The Columbia River plateau is an example of a lava plateau.

10. A cinder cone is usually active for only a short period of time because once the gas
escapes the driving force behind the eruption is removed.

11. Shield volcanoes are relatively small compared to other volcanoes.

12. The periodicity of Yellowstone eruptions, the presence of shallow magma, and the well-
known tendency of magma of this type to erupt multiple times all suggest that a fourth
eruption may occur.

13. Mount St. Helens in the state of Washington is an example of a stratovolcano.

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Test Bank Chapter 8
Earth Volcanoes and Plutons

14. Regional predictions can be used to determine exactly when a particular volcano will
erupt.

15. Volcanic eruptions have no effect on global climate.

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Test Bank for EARTH, 1st Edition: Thompson

Test Bank Chapter 8

Earth Volcanoes and Plutons

Answer Bank

Completion Fill-in-the-Blank Multiple True/False

Choice
1. pressure-release melting; p. 133 1. a; p. 132 1. d; p. 131 1. F; p. 131
2. spreading centers, mantle plumes, 2. b; p. 134 2. a; p. 132 2. T; p. 133
subduction zones; p. 133
3. granitic; p. 137 3. a; p. 135 3. d; p.138 3. T; p. 137
4. less; p. 135 4. c; p. 137 4. c; p. 137 4. F; p. 137
5. more; p. 137 5. a; p. 137 5. d; p. 137 5. T; p. 138
6. stock; p. 138 6. b; p. 135 6. a; p. 138 6. T; p. 138
7. sill; p. 138 7. a; p. 135 7. b; p. 140 7. T; p. 140
8. vesicles; p. 140 8. d; p. 137 8. a; p. 140 8. F; p. 141
9. Cinders; p. 141 9. d; p. 135 9. b; p. 141 9. T; p. 142
10. vent; p. 142 10. d; p. 138 10. d; p. 143 10. T; p. 143
11. Ring of Fire; p. 134 11. b; p. 140 11. a; p. 144 11. F; p. 143
12. cinder cone; p. 143 12. b; p. 144 12. d; p. 144 12. T; p. 148
13. pyroclastic; p. 141 13. a; p. 142 13. b; p. 143 13. T; p. 144
14. ash-flow tuff; p. 146 14. c; p. 146 14. c; p. 146 14. F; p. 149
15. caldera; p. 146 15. b; p. 146 15. a; p. 148 15. F; p. 150

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