Ge-Pc FLP

Art of communication in multi-modal contexts i
This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

Art of communication in multi-modal contexts ii
Art of communication in multi-modal contexts

GE – PC (Purposive Communication)
EDUARDO C. MIRA, MA

Art of communication in multi-modal contexts iii
Art of communication in multi-modal contexts
by
Eduardo C. Mira
and
Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Copyright:
All rights reserved. No part of this course module may be reproduced in any form or by
any means without the written permission of the author.
ISBN:
Page and cover designed by: Sedie Tahil
First Edition. Journalism, 2020 (hb)
JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

Gov. Guading Adaza Street, Sta. Cruz, Dapitan City, 7101
Tell. No.: (065) 908-8294
jrmsu_univpres@yahoo.com

Art of communication in multi-modal contexts iv
Preface
According to Peter Shepherd, “Communication is the solvent of all problems and

is the foundation for personal development.”
People communicate. Plants and animals even transfer messages to their

respective huddle. When we converse others, different interpretations and convictions
come into our mind because we have various ways of relating it.
Yes, purposive communication is very important in human lives especially to

connect people and make relationship with them. We need to communicate to solve
many problems and to interact each other as to what are their stand on certain issues.
As we recall the communication process, it has components which include a

sender, encoding of a message, selecting of a channel of communication, receipt of the
message by the receiver and decoding of the message and undeniably, noise is
anything that hinders communication.
Nowadays, with the advent of technology, there are many ways on how to relay
information; thus, its importance is to remove confusion and misunderstanding as it also
serves as a bridge which connects every people to understand each other to listen to
their thoughts and perception.
Communications is fundamental to the existence and survival of humans as well

as to an organization with its major purposes; to inform, to express feelings, to imagine,
to influence, and to meet social expectations. It is a process of creating and sharing
ideas, information, views, facts, feelings, etc. among the people to reach a common
understanding.
This module teaches us to become a good speaker and a writer as there are
some learning activities which students perform in real life situations.
Module one contains communication in the twenty-first century. It consists three

units. Unit one tackles about the communication models. Unit two focuses on
communication ethics while globalization will be tackled in unit three.
Module two introduces about the public speaking and reports in the information
age. This part has three units. The unit one discusses on nature and history of public
speaking. tools needed in critical / creative reports and ted talks and critical / creative
thinking in today’s society will the focused topics in units two and three, respectively.
.

Art of communication in multi-modal contexts v
Module three entails about the concept of a documented essay which has one
unit that talks about academic research and the documented essay. it also includes
different stages in writing process.
Module four concentrates about the speaking in private and public institutions
which it centers persuasive speech alone but emphasizing the impact of both prublci and
private setting.
This module is specifically designed for use in undergraduate classes of

purposive communication. This module serves a guide to the students and even to the
yon professionals who want to develop and enhance more in oral and written
communcaiton skills as it is very useful in day-to-day living.

Art of communication in multi-modal contexts vi
Acknowledgment
The writer would like to express his gratitude to the following persons who were
part of his journey in making the module a reality:
Dr. Daylinda Luz R. Laput, the President of Jose Rizal Memorial State University,
for the unwavering support and inspiration;
All the JRMSU FLC team, IMD people, facilitators, and resource speakers for
extending their expertise, patience, and support in teaching several strategies,
techniques, approaches, and suggestions in developing him into the world of technology;
His fellow JRMSU- Dipolog CAS family for pushing him to make this module;
Mr. Sedie Tahil, for designing the cover page and his TSC writers and journalism
students for endowing their unfading motivation;
His family, Bugoyz and Bugayz, and friends for being with him in times of need
and comfort;
All those individuals who are part of the author’s journey whom he failed to
mention but contributed a lot to the realization of this module; and
Lastly, to Our Divine Creator, who endow his untiring guidance, strength, and
protection.
- ECMIRA

Art of communication in multi-modal contexts vii
Table of Contents
Title Page i
Copyright Page ii
Preface iii
Acknowledgment v
General Reminders
Module 1. Communication in the Twenty-First Century
Unit 1: Communication models 2
Unit 2: Communication ethics 9
Unit 3: Globalization 11
Module 2. Public Speaking and Reports in the Information Age

Unit 1: Nature and history of public speaking 14
Unit 2: Tools needed in critical / creative reports 19
Unit 3: TED Talks and critical / creative thinking in today’s society 23
Module 3. Concept of a Documented Essay

Unit 1: Academic Research and the Documented Essay 27
a. Documented essay 28
b. Critical thinking, collaboration, and writing process 28
Module 4. Speaking in Private and Public Institutions

Unit 1: Persuasive Speech 34
a. Importance of Persuasive Speech 36
b. Persuasive Speech in Private Institutions 37
c. Persuasive Speech in Public Institutions 38
Major Requirements (Midterm and Final) 44
References 45
Glossary 47
Assessment Rubrics 49
Answer Keys 53
Appendices
a. Student’s Record 54
b. Student’s Evaluation Form 55
Instructor’s Personal Information 56
Major Academic Schedules 56
About the Author

Communication in multi-modal contexts viii
Republic of the Philippines

The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Program: Bachelor of Arts in Journalism
Department: College of Arts and Sciences
Syllabus Code
Instructor/Professor: Eduardo C. Mira, MA
COURSE SYLLABUS
Course Day & Time: 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM / T-TH
Pre-Requisites: None GE – PC
Code Room: 040
Unit of Credit: 3
No. of Hours: 54 Course Purposive Communication
Consultation Hours: 1:30 PM -3:00 AM
(Every Friday)
Title
Jose Rizal Memorial State University adheres to the principle of dynamism and cultural diversity in building a just
PHILOSOPHY
and humane society.
VISION A dynamic and diverse internationally recognized University
Jose Rizal Memorial State University pledges to deliver effective and efficient services along research, instruction,
production and extension.
MISSION
It commits to provide advanced professional, technical and technopreneurial training with the aim of producing
highly competent, innovative and self-renewed individuals.
Jose Rizal Memorial State University focuses on developing graduates who are exemplars of Rizal’s ideals that
can:
E - xhibit relevant and responsive competencies across disciplines towards
GOALS
X - enial delivery of services;
C - ommunicate ideas proficiently in both written and spoken forms;
E - ngage in lifelong learning;
Communication in multi-modal contexts ix
L - ead effectively and efficiently amidst socio-cultural diversity;

L - ive up the challenges of the global community;
E - mbody professional, social and ethical responsibilities;
N - urture a harmonious environment;
C - onserve and promote Filipino cultural heritage; and
E - valuate their contribution to the local and global communities.
JRMSU envisions its graduates to be:

Globally Competitive. JRMSU shall produce graduates that would be globally competitive. This “means that students need the
awareness, skills and knowledge to understand, navigate and flourish in this increasingly global economy” (Harper, 2019, para. 1).
Industry-Relevant. JRSMU shall produce graduates who will have the essential skills (both hard and soft skills) that the industries
are looking for.
Effective Communicator. In JRMSU, communication is important as we not only communicate within and among ourselves, but
also with the stakeholders outside the university. Thus, JRMSU should be able to produce graduates who can communicate
effectively in order to reduce the risks (e.g. avoiding misunderstanding that could lead to confusion).
Graduate Attributes
Innovative. JRMSU shall produce graduates that shall be innovative and creative in providing solutions to the problems they observe
within their immediate environment, and they shall be aware of the implications such solutions would bring to the community.
Service-Driven. JRMSU shall produce graduates who are committed in the tasks given to them, and who perform such tasks
effectively, efficiently, and ethically. Further, while doing such services, they shall carry with them the humane trust as given to them
when they were students. And when they are done, they shall value what they have served or created, as has been taught to them.
Lifelong Learner. JRMSU shall produce graduates that would value learning not only within the four walls of their classroom, but to
bring with them the process of learning that would last throughout their lives; hence, lifelong learning. “Lifelong learning is a dynamic
process that varies depending on individual skills and motivation for self-regulated, generative learning and on life.
The graduates should be able to:
Program Outcome/s ABJ1: Produce scholary work that would add the body of knowledge on journalism
ABJ2: Identify newsworthy stories in a complex field of of facts and opinions, focusing those of particular importance to the
community the serve

Communication in multi-modal contexts x
ABJ3: Effectively communicate orally in writing in English and Filipino, and the vernacular where applicable.
ABJ4: Understand and apply social science and communication concepts and theories to the analysis of social issues.
ABJ5: Uphold journalism ethics and professional standards in keeping with the role of journalism in democracy.
ABJ6: Engage in lifelong learning and understand the need to keep abdreast of the developments of journalism
This course aim to develop students’ communicative competence and enhances their cultural and intellectual awareness through
multimodal tasks that provide them opportunities for communicating effectively and appropriately to a multicultural audience in a local
or global context. It equips students with tools for critical evaluation of a variety of texts and focuses on the power or language and
Course Description the impact of images to emphasize of conveying messages responsibly. The knowledge, skills, and insights that students gain from
this course may be used in their other academic endeavors, their chosen disciplines, and their future careers as they compose and
produce relevant oral, written, audio-visual and / or web-based output for various purposes.
Course Learning Learning Learning Formative Summative

Topics References
Outcomes Outcomes Activities Materials Assessment Assessment
At the end of At the end of
the course, each unit,
the students students will be
should have: able to: Textbooks (print
(CMO 20 s. a. analyze the and digital)
2013) different learning module,
Elaboration – Internet, sample
communication Concrete Examples,
Knowledge Communication Lecture, Concrete
models; Berlin (1982), v authentic texts, Elaboration
a. describe models Examples Quizzes / Seatworks
b. illustrate the Mcquail & laptops, mobile
the nature, various functions Windahl (2013), phones
elements, and of Major Examinations
functions of communication (Midterm and Final)
verbal and models.
non-verbal c. formulate Textbooks (print Performance Tasks
communicatio NVCA (999), (Speech Delivery,
their own and digital)
n in various Communication (Santos, M. L. & Reciprocal Think – Pair- Share,
communication learning module Outline – Making ,
and ethics Uychoco, M. T. Questioning, Elaboration
ethics; Internet, sample and Documented
mutlicutlural (2018),
authentic texts,

Communication in multi-modal contexts xi
contexts laptops, mobile Essay)

phones
b. explain hoe Reaction Paper
global issues
affect d. synthesize (Ahmed, 2018), Discussion Forum
Textbooks (print
communcation; the implication
(Santos & and digital) Independent
c. evaluate of globalization Q & A (Oral / Audio-
Globalization Inquiry – Based learning module, Learning, Research
multimodal in the society; Uychoco, (2018) Internet, laptops, – Based Approach visual and web-page
texts critically mobile phones presentation)
to enahcne
receptive e. analyze the Textbooks (print
Response Journals
(listening, public speaking and digital)
Carneige &
reading, skills of an learning module,
Esenwein Reciprocal Essays (Written)
viewing) skills; illustrious Nature and history Internet (video
(2007), Santos Inquiry – Based Questioning,
individual in the of public speaking clips), sample Interviewing
d. summarize & Uychoco Elaboration,
society; authentic texts,
the principles (2018)
laptops, mobile Campaign – Making
of academic phones
text structure; f. scrutinize Textbooks (print
reports from the and digital)
Skills Tools Needed in Report Analysis,
speakers; Santos & learning modules,
Critical / Creative Elaboration Independent
e. convery Uychoco (2018) sample authentic
Reports Learning
ideas through texts, laptops,
oral, audo- mobile phones
visual, and / or g. create and Textbooks (print
web-based analyze a TED TED Talks and and digital)
Reading Independent
presentation talk using one’s Critical / Creative Santos & learning Moduile
Comprehension, Learning, Reciprocal
for different critical thinking. Thinking in Uychoco (2018) Internet (video
Inquiry – Based Questioning
target Today’s Society clips), laptops,
audinces in mobile phones
local and h. develop a Academic Uychoco & Textbooks (print
Elaboration, Inquiry Independent
global documented Research and the and digital)
Santos (2018), –Based Learning and Inquiry
seetings using essay; Documented learning modules
approproaite Murray & Based
Essay worksheets,

Communication in multi-modal contexts xii
registers; i. create a Rockowitz, sample authentic

writing outline of (n.d.), Murray texts, laptops,
e. create
a research; (1972) mobile phones
clear,
coherent, and
effective j. detect logical Textbooks (print
communicatio fallacies in and digital)
n materials; speeches and Importance of Uychoco & Elaboration – Essay learning modules Independent
written text; Persuasive worksheets, Learning and Inquiry
f. present Santos (2018),
. Speech sample authentic Based
ideas
texts, laptops,
persuasively
mobile phones
using
k. analyze
appropriate
persuasive
language
speeches and
registers,
evaluate their
tone, facial
worth; and
expression,
and gestures; l. create
campaigns in
g. write and the public Textbooks (print
present sphere and digital)
academic Persuasive Elaboration, Oral Independent
learning modules
papers using Speech in Public Uychoco & Learning and Critical
Presentation worksheets,
appropriate and Private Santos (2018), Thinkning
sample authentic
tone and Institutions (Researching)
texts, laptops,
convention;
mobile phones
h. adopts
awareness of
audience and
context in
presenting
ideas;
i. appreciate

Communication in multi-modal contexts xiii
the impact of
communication
of society and
the world;
References
Ahmed, A. (2018). The effects of globalization on global communication. https://bizfluent.com/info-8232542-effects-globalization-global-communication.html
Carnegie, D & Esenwein, J. (2007). The art of public speaking. New York: Home Correspondence School
Collins, O. (1998). Speeches that changed the world. London: Westminster John Knox Press.
Communication Theories. Org. (2017a). Artistotle’s communication model. communication theories. Org. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from
http://communicationtheory.org/aristotle%E2%80%99s-communication-model/
Communication Theories. Org. (2017b). Shannon and Weaver model of communication model. communication theories. org. Retrieved April 11, 2017 from
http://communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/
Communication Theories. Org. (2017c). Osgood and Schramm communication model.communication theories. Org. Retrieved April 11, 2017 from
http://communicationtheory.org/osgood-schramm- model-of-communication/
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language (2nd ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Flackmann, K and M. (2011). The prose reader: essays for thinking, reading and writing. 9th Ed. Boston: Prentice Hall.
Kleiser, G. (2009). Successful methods in public speaking. New York: Funk and Wagnails Company
Matthew, L.C. & Thakkar, B. (2012). The impact of globalization on cross-cultural communication. In Cuadra-Montiel, H. (Ed.) Globalization: education and
management agendas.
Macquail, D. & Windahl, S. (2013). Communication models for the study of mass communication, New York: Routiedge
Santos, M. L. & Uychoco, M. T. (2018). Communication for society: Purposive communication. Manila: REX Bookstore
Dr. Murray & Rockowitz (n.d.) The documented essay: General guidelines. Hunter College, City University of New York.
National Communication Association, 1999

Communication in multi-modal contexts xiv
GRADING PLAN
The term grade is computed using the formula:
40% - Performance (synthesis reports, memos, research article)

30% - Major exam grade (written performance, oral research presenttaion)
30% - Attendance/recitation/quizzes
Midterm Grade = 100% of the Midterm Grade

Final Grade = 50% of the Midterm Grade + 50% of the Final Term Grade
CLASSROOM RULES OF CONDUCT
1. Attendance:
a. Students who are absent for more than 20% of the total number of class hours (54 in a 3 unit course) may be dropped from the course
/subject.
b. Any student who finds it necessary to be absent from class must present a letter of excuse to his/her instructor.
c. If a student’s absences reach ten (10) times, the instructor/professor may recommend to the Dean that the said student be dropped from
the course or be given a grade of 5.0.
2. Course requirements must be submitted on time.
3. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited. Be aware that plagiarism in this course would include not only using another’s words, but another’s specific
intellectual posts in social media. Assignments must be done independently and without reference to another student’s work. Any outside
sources used in completing an assignment, including internet references must be fully cited on any homework assignment or exercise.
4. All students should feel free to talk to the instructor face-to-face or through media during office hours.
5. Academic accommodations are available for students with special needs. Students with special needs should schedule an appointment with
the instructor early in the semester to discuss any accommodations for this course.

Communication in multi-modal contexts xv
Prepared: Noted: Noted: Approved/Disapproved:
EDUARDO C. MIRA, MA EDUARDO C. MIRA, MA ROMEO C. LOPEZ. Ph.D. ALICE MAE M. ARBON, Ph.D.
Instructor I Program Chair, AB Journalism College Dean OIC, Office of the VPAA
Date: 10 February 2020 Date: Date: Date:
Date Revised: _____________

Communication in multi-modal contexts xvi
LEARNING GUIDE
A. Conceptual relationship of modules
Communication in the 21st Students

Century
Assessments
Achieving Good News
Management
Art of Public Speaking Purposive

Communication JRMSU
Creative Reports
Learning Activities
Essays and Academic Writing
Speeches Teachers
This course aim to develop students’ communicative competence and enhances

their cultural and intellectual awareness through multimodal tasks that provide them
opportunities for communicating effectively and appropriately to a multicultural audience
in a local or global context. The knowledge, skills, and insights that students gain from
this course may be used in their other academic endeavors, their chosen disciplines,
and their future careers as they compose and produce relevant oral, written, audio-visual
and / or web-based output for various purposes.
B. Schedule (include deadlines)
Journalism students must be reliable of all his / her doings. Missing one of the
requirements shows disrespectful and insubordination as a student; thus, it will affect
your final grade. In doing so, each student is expected to comply all the given tasks in

Communication in multi-modal contexts xvii
the module. This module contains pretests, learning activities, and assessments to be
answered by the student; thus, you are expected to answer all those activities.
Course Code / Title: GE – PC (Purposive Communication)
Semester: First of Academic Year 2020-2021
Meeting date and time: Every Tuesday and Thursday @ 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM
Consultation time: Every Friday (1:30 PM – 3:00 PM)
A. List of coverages with the corresponding dates

COVERAGES DATES
Module 1 (pages 2-13) August 25 – September 17
Module 2 (page 14-22) September 22 – October 20
Midterm Examination October 20, 2020 (Tuesday)
Submission of Midterm Project
(read the instructions on the course October 08. 2020 (Thursday @ 5 PM)
requirements)
Module 3 (page 23-33 October 22 – November 19
Module 4 (pages 34-43) November 24, 2020 – January 05, 2021
Final Examination January 5, 2021 (Tuesday)
Submission of Final Project – (read
the instructions on the course December 29, 2020 (Tuesday @ 5PM)
requirements)
B. Schedules of Answering Pretest, Learning Activities, and Assessments

COVERAGES DATES OF SUBMISSION
Module 1 (pages 2-13)
(August 24 – September 17, 2020)
Unit 1
Pretest (page 2) August 27, 2020
Learning Activities (page 5) September 1, 2020
Assessment (page 5) September 3, 2020
Unit 2
Pretest (page 2) September 08, 2020
Unit 3
Module 2 (page 14-22)
(September 21 – October 19)
Unit 1
Unit 2
Pretest (page 2) October 1, 2020
Learning Activities (page 5) October 06, 2020
Assessment (page 5) October 08, 2020

Communication in multi-modal contexts xviii
Unit 3
Pretest (pages 12-13) October 13, 2020
Learning Activities (pages 23) October 13 ,2020
Assessment (page 24) October 15, 2020
(October 21 – November 18)
Pretest (pages 12-13) October 27, 2020
Learning Activities (pages 23) October 27, 2020
Assessment (page 24) November 12, 2020
November 23, 2020 – January 05, 2021
Pretest (page 26) November 17, 2020
Learning Activities (pages 31) November 24, 2020
Assessment (pages 32) December 8, 2020
C. Course Requirements
Midterm Task ( to be submitted a week before the midterm examination schedule)
For online students
A. Make a three to five-minute video delivering a speech about your stand on anti-
terrorism issue. Be careful in citing sources. Be sure to wear formal attire and observe
proper gestures. Rubrics on delivering a speech can be found on page 51.
Submit your video through our google class with the code: ovtpzm3.
For Modular students:
A. Make a two to three page speech about your stand on anti-terrorism issue. Be careful
in citing sources. Use Arial 12, double spacing, one-inch margins all around, indented
paragraph beginnings, and no extra spaces between paragraph. After that, placeyour
name, year level and the date of submission on the first page. Rubrics on wriing a a
speech can be found on page 50. Submit your output through my email address:
eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph.
Final Task (to be submitted a week before the final examination schedule)
For both online and modular students
Using the writing outline found in your assessment number 2 on page 32,
develop a five –to eight documented essay (5 to 8 pages). Use Arial 12, doble spacing,
one-inch margins all around, indented paragraph beginnings, and no extra spaces
between paragraph. After that, placeyour name, year level and the date of submission
on the first page. Rubrics for grading the documented ssay can be found on page 49.
Submit your output through my email address: eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph.

Communication in multi-modal contexts xix
D. Feedback Modality
The instructor will send or rely his feedback to his / her students or vice-versa
through the use of email, online platforms, or phone number.
E. Communication Mechanisms
Aside from utilizing verbal and non-verbal communication, the following

mechanisms will serve as options for students and parents to communicate with the
teacher in terms of academic concerns:
1. Contact the teacher at their email address, eduardomira@jrsmu.edu.ph.

2. Phone call to the school with a message left to the teacher. (Teachers will
return the call when available.)
3. Letter or note to the teacher requesting a phone conference or a meeting.
4. Call the school and make an appointment to meet with the teacher at a
mutually convenient time.
Note: It is reasonable to expect a return call from your child’s teacher or the
school within two to three working days.
F. Contact Information
i. Instructor
1. Name: Eduardo C. Mira, MA
2. Email address: eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph
3. Mobile Number: 09998842060
4. FB Account Name: Edward Mira
ii. Office of the Instructional Materials Development e-mail addresses:
1. Main Campus - main.imd@jrmsu.edu.ph
2. Dipolog Campus – dipolog.imd@jrmsu.edu.ph
iii. College of Arts and Sciences (Dipolog Campus)
1. Telephone Numbers – (065) 212-2124
2. Email address: dipolog.cas@jrmsu.edu.ph
iv. Student Services
1. Office of the Student Affairs and Services

 dipolog.sas@jrmsu.edu.ph
2. Campus Library
 dipolog.library@jrmsu.edu.ph
 Facebook Page: JRSMU Dipolog Campus Library

Communication in multi-modal contexts xx
LEARNING AGREEMENT
By signing this learning agreement, I commit to the following terms and conditions of
Jose Rizal Memorial State University in the implementation of Flexible Learning System.
Specifically, I commit to observe the following:
1. That I must observe all guidelines of the state pertaining to the prevention of
COVID, specifically to stay home, to observe physical distancing and the use of
face masks when interacting with others.
2. That I shall prioritize my health and safety while I comply with all the necessary
learning activities and assessments needed in my enrolled courses.
3. That I will exhaust all means of complying the requirements at home or in a less
risky place and location that will not allow me to be exposed to other people.
4. That I have already read and understood all instructions pertaining to my enrolled
courses.
5. That I commit to do all the learning activities diligently, following deadlines and
the learning guide enabling me to deliver the course requirements.
6. That I commit to answer all forms of assessment in the learning package

honestly.
7. That I shall initiate in giving feedback to my instructor at least once every two
weeks.
8. That I shall not reproduce or publish any part of the learning package content
without the written consent of the University and the author/s.
9. That I shall not commit any form of plagiarism in all course requirements.
Conformed:
_______________________________ ___________________
Name and signature of student Date signed
_______________________________ ___________________
Name and signature of parent/guardian Date signed
_______________________________
Contact Number of Parent/Guardian
**Please email the signed copy of this learning agreement to your instructor as soon as you have
received the learning package.

Communication in multi-modal contexts 1
GENERAL REMINDERS
For modular students: Write all your answers here but there are some cases that
you have to submit it through me e-mail address: eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph. Please
read some instructions right after each unit. If you have questions, please feel free to
send a message, chat or text me (see the course guide for my personal details).
For online students: You can submit all your works through my email address:
eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph or through our Google class with this code: ovtpzm3.
Some announcements are also posted in our Google classroom. Please read some
instructions right after each unit. If you have questions, please feel free to send a
message, chat or text me (see the course guide for my personal details).

Module 1 - Communication in the Twenty-First Century

The art of communication is the language of leadership.” (James Humes)
Unit 1. Communication Models
a. Communication models
b. Communication ethics
c. Globalization
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the unit, you will be able to:
 analyze the different communication models and

 illustrate the various functions of communication models.
Pretest
Give at least four words that you think about the word ‘communication’. Write all
your answer in the circle.
Communication

It is a mistake to believe that communication is a simple process. Although

people communicate with one another every day, the real question is whether the ideas
one has expressed are truly understood by another. Communication breakdown in every
part of the globe, and these have led to a plethora of problems. Effective communication
can break peace, spark revolutions, and effect change in government. However, to
communicate properly, one cannot simply strive to express oneself and leave
understanding to fate; one must also learn how to organize one’s thoughts, control one’s
emotions, use one’s words to articulate concepts and arguments, and express oneself in
the best way possible.
The art of one’s communication reflects the art of one’s thinking. According to
Berlin (1982), one of the major proponents of the New Rhetoric, “in teaching writing, we
are not simply offering training in a useful technical skill that is meant as a simple
complement to the more important studies of other area. We are teaching a way of
experiencing the world, a way of ordering and making sense of it” (776).
This is also true when it comes to all the language skills essential in
communication whether this is in writing, reading, listening, or speaking. They are tools
that help us analyze, critique, and negotiate with the world. To construct ideas and bring
people to believe in one’s vision, it is important to be able to communicate in an
effective, articulate manner. On a personal level, honing one’s communication skills can
also bring about success t one’s personal and professional life.
Challenge
Answer the two questions below based on the above-mentioned thoughts

about communication. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. What problems can happen when there are communication breakdowns?

Answer:
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. How communication important to everybody?
Answer:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
One way of thinking about communication processes is by looking at the different

communication models available. According to Mcquail & Windahl (2013), in their book
Communication Models for the Study of Mass Communications, “a model seeks to show

the main elements of any structure or process and the relationship between these
elements… it helps in explaining by providing in a simplified way information which
would otherwise be complicated or ambiguous.”(2)
Try to analyze the different communication models.
1. Aristotle's Model. This model was developed some 2000 years ago. Aristotle (the
Greek philosopher) includes in this model the five necessary factors of communication:
Speaker, Speech/message, Audience, Effect and Occasion. Aristotle suggests that the
speaker should construct a speech for separate audiences on separate instance for
separate purpose. This model is applied in public speaking.
SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE EFFECT

Occasion
2. Lasswell's Model (1948). It states that for mass communication process to be
understood, each of the phases has to be understood. This model elaborates on the
effect instead of the message itself. Effect implies observable change in the receiver. It
also proposes that any change in the elements will change the effect.
Source: Lasswell's Communication Model – Businesstopia. Businesstopia
Shannon and Weaver's Model (1949): It is also termed as the engineering model of
communication is an exemplary of the process school of thought. It is also known as the
mathematical theory of communication as it gave a technique to the problem of how to
convey maximum information in a given channel. It proposed the noise concept. As
engineers during World War II, Shannon and Weaver's main challenge was in finding out
the most efficient human communication means.

Source: Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication.

https://www.communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/
Newcomb's Model- 1953. This is the premier of the models to propose the function of
communication in a society. The main function in accordance with Newcomb is to
sustain equilibrium in a society.
Source: The Newcomb’s Model. https://www.communicationtheory.org/the-

newcomb%E2%80%99s-model/
Wilbur Schramm – Osgood’s Model: Schramm continued from a simple human

communication model to a more complex model that justified the total experiences of
two people trying to engage in communication and then to a model that considered
human communication with interaction between two people. In his second model,
Schramm suggests the idea that only what is shared in the aspects of experience of both
source and destination is actually communicated, because only that size of the signal is
common to both of them. The third model views communication as an interactive

process where both the receiver and the sender act as encoder, interpreter, transmitter
and receiver of signals.
Source: Osgood and Schramm Model of Communication.

https://www.communicationtheory.org/osgood-schramm-model-of-communication/
Eugene Whites’ Model. This model explains that is it possible to begin at any stages
outlined in his model. People are under the mistaken impression that when we
communicate, we usually start thinking, but that is not necessarily the case. Since it is a
circular model, it means that oral communication is a continuous process with no real
beginning or end.
Source: Nature, elements, and models of communication. https://www.slideshare.net/hmmh26/nature-

elements-models-and-functions-of-communication

Learning Activities
Directions: Read the following questions and write your answers on the space
provided.
1. What makes each communication model different from one another?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Among the communication models presented above, which is more useful in our daily
conversation and how it affects to one’s life?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Activity 1. Do it!
A. After learning the lessons, give your own analysis the important roles of
communication models in the society.. Write your answers on the space provided.
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

B. If given the chance to make your own communication model, what would it be and
why? Illustrate and explain your answer below.
Name the model:

Illustration:
Explanation:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
After completing the tasks, please write your learnings and thoughts below.

Unit 2. Communication Ethics
Learning Outcomes

 formulate their own communication ethics.
Pretest
Encounter
Answer these questions to the best of your knowledge. Write your answers on the
space provided.
1. What is ethics?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think there should be ethics in communication?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Content
It is important to understand that whatever we communicate should be guided by

certain ethical principles. This US National Communication Associat6ion (NVCA,1999)
discusses this in their Credo for Ethical Communication, stating that, “Ethical
communication is fundamental for responsible thinking, decision-making, and the
development of relationships and communities within and across contexts, cultures,
channels, and media. Moreover, ethical communication enhances human worth and
dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity, and respect
for self and others. We believe that unethical communication threatens the quality of al
communication and consequently the well-being of individuals and the society in which
we live (Santos, M. L. & Uychoco, M. T., 2018).
In their Credo, there are four ethical principles of communication that are
especially relevant for students today.
1. Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the
integrity of communication (NCA, 1999).
2. Freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent to
achieve the informed and responsible decision-making fundamental to a civil society
(NCA, 1999).
3. Condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity through
distortion, intimidation, coercion, and violence, and through the expression of intolerance
and hatred (NCA, 1999).

4. Accept responsibility for the short- and long term consequences of our own
communication and expect the same of others (NCA, 1999).
Everytime we communicate, we should consider the consequences of our

actions. If people were more responsible in their use of communication, there would be
less conflict in the world.
Learning Activities
Challenge – Reciprocal Questioning
Direction. Answer these questions to the best of your knowledge. Write your answers on
the space provided.
1. Is honesty still a virtue valued today? Why or why not?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. When you think of politicians today, would you say that they have been
communicating in an ethical manner?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Activity 1. Think – Pair – Share. Do it
Everybody knows that the whole nation is facing a problem today, the COVID-19
pandemic which caused untimely death to our fellow citizens. Every now and then, we
hear, read, and watch various updates of what is happening across the globe. However,
there are some news updates that give confusion to the public as fast as accuracy is
concern. As a first year journalism student, what do you think are the communication
ethics that people should do in relaying information? Cite at least five that your considers
best ethics in order to uphold responsible journalism. Write your answer on the space
provided.
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________
Unit 3. Globalization
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the unit, you are able to:

 synthesize the implication of globalization in the society.
Pretest
Encounter
Answer this question to the best of your knowledge. Write your answers on the space
provided.

1. How does globalization affect in our society?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Content
Globalization
Globalization has affected us in numerous ways. Airfare has become cheaper,

and one can travel internationally more than one could in the past. Many Filipinos have
decided to live abroad, with some of them migrating to other countries. The free trade of
goods and services all over the world has brought multinational companies and foreign
investors to our shores. Because of all of these factors, it is imperative to be aware of the
differences between our culture and the rest of the world’s cultures.
Global communication is directly affected by the process of globalization, and

helps to increase business opportunities, remove cultural barriers and develop a global
village. Both globalization and global communication have changed the environmental,
cultural, political and economic elements of the world (Ahmed, 2018)
Because of the advent of the internet, the world seems to be shrinking

continually. One can communicate internationally in a matter of seconds, whether one is
sending an email, chatting in social media, or sending a text message. One can read
about different cultures, and have access to films, academic papers, and the like from
countries around the world, and vice versa. Give this increasingly shrinking world; one
should know the difference between the kind of English that we write and speak and the
kind of Englishes that exist outside the Philippines (Santos & Uychoco, 2018)
Learning Activities
How much have you learned?

Direction. Create a quotation of your own depicting globalization to communication. After
that, explain it with three to four sentences. Write your answer on the space provided.
Quotation: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Interpretation: ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Independent Learning – Research Based Approach. Do it!

For Online students:
1. Watch “Effects of Globalization to Communication on Youtube:

“https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWgA9oj0Eys. After watching, make a two-
paragraph synthesis about the implication of globalization on communication. Write your
answer on the space provided or submit it to your google class with the given code:
ovtpzm3 or in my email address: eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph.
For Modular Students:

1. Try to see people in your locality. How do you synthesize globalization to
communication in your place especially to the family who are working or staying abroad.
Answer:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Congratulations! Thank you for completing the task. I hope you have
learned a lot from the module 1.This time, let us get started another
challenging lessons. Enjoy!

Module 2 – Public Speaking and Reports in the Information Age

"The human brain starts working the moment you are born and never stops... until you
stand up to speak in public." (George Jessel)
a. The Nature and History of Public

Speaking
b. Creative Reporting
c. TED Talks Critical and Creative
Thinking
Unit 1. Nature and history of public speaking
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 analyze the public speaking skills of an illustrious individual in the society.
Pretest
Encounter
Answer the questions below and write your answer on the space provided.
1. What is public speaking?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think public speaking is important? Why or why not?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Content
The importance of public speaking cannot be denied. Great speeches have

moved nations to war and revolution; they inspire and moved people to act. What people
say, and how they say it, can get them elected in public office or create a new movement
in society. For the Greeks, public speaking was political nature and the spoken word was
thought to be such an important skill that citizens were taught the art of rhetoric.

Public speaking is an important life skill, yet, few people master it. In fact, many
people are afraid of speaking in public. However, the significance of public speaking has
only gotten stronger in contemporary times. Public speaking platforms such TED talks
and Youtube have captured and disseminated public speech to an unprecedented scale
and what one says at the sour of the moment can live forever on the internet. Great
speeches have created hope in perilous situations, and have made people change their
minds about the world and their places in it.
According to acclaimed Carneige & Esenwein (2007), “Public speaking s public

utterance, public issuance of the man himself; therefore, the first things both in time and
importance is that the man should be and think and feel things that are worthy of being
given forth.”
A. Brief History of Public Speaking
There are many public speaking traditions around the world.
Public speaking (also called oratory or oration) is the process or act of performing
a speech to a live audience. Public speaking is commonly understood as formal, face-to-
face, speaking of a single person to a group of listeners.[1] However, due to the
evolution of public speaking, it is modernly viewed as any form of speaking (formally and
informally) between an audience and the speaker. Traditionally, public speaking was
considered to be a part of the art of persuasion. The act can accomplish particular
purposes including to inform, to persuade, and to entertain. Additionally, differing
methods, structures, and rules can be utilized according to the speaking situation.
Public speaking was developed in Rome and Greece. Prominent thinkers from
these lands influenced the development and evolutionary history of public speaking.
Currently, technology continues to transform the art of public speaking through newly
available technology such as videoconferencing, multimedia presentations, and other
non-traditional forms.
Public speaking can serve the purpose of transmitting information, telling a story,
motivating people to act or encouraging people. This type of speech is deliberately
structured with three general purposes: to inform, to persuade and to entertain. Knowing
when public speaking is most effective and how it is done properly are key to
understanding the importance of it.
Greece
The Orator, c. 100 BCE, an Etrusco-Roman bronze sculpture depicting Aule
Metele (Latin: Aulus Metellus), an Etruscan man wearing a Roman toga while engaged
in rhetoric; the statue features an inscription in the Etruscan alphabet.
Although there is evidence of public speech training in ancient Egypt, the first
known pieceon oratory, written over 2,000 years ago, came from ancient Greece. This

work elaborated on principles drawn from the practices and experiences of ancient
Greek orators. Aristotle was one who first recorded the teachers of oratory to use
definitive rules and models. His emphasis on oratory led to oration becoming an
essential part of a liberal arts education during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
The classical antiquity works written by the ancient Greeks capture the ways they taught
and developed the art of public speaking thousands of years ago.
In classical Greece and Rome, rhetoric was the main component of composition
and speech delivery, both of which were critical skills for citizens to use in public and
private life. In ancient Greece, citizens spoke on their own behalf rather than having
professionals, like modern lawyers, speak for them. Any citizen who wished to succeed
in court, in politics or in social life had to learn techniques of public speaking. Rhetorical
tools were first taught by a group of rhetoric teachers called Sophists who were notable
for teaching paying students how to speak effectively using the methods they developed.
Separately from the Sophists, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle developed their own
theories of public speaking and taught these principles to students who wanted to learn
skills in rhetoric. Plato and Aristotle taught these principles in schools that they founded,
The Academy and The Lyceum, respectively. Although Greece eventually lost political
sovereignty, the Greek culture of training in public speaking was adopted almost
identically by the Romans (Santos & Uychoco, 2018).
Rome
In the political rise of the Roman Republic, Roman orators copied and modified
the ancient Greek techniques of public speaking. Instruction in rhetoric developed into a
full curriculum, including instruction in grammar (study of the poets), preliminary
exercises (progymnasmata), and preparation of public speeches (declamation) in both
forensic and deliberative genres.
The Latin style of rhetoric was heavily influenced by Cicero and involved a strong
emphasis on a broad education in all areas of humanistic study in the liberal arts,
including philosophy. Other areas of study included the use of wit and humor, the appeal
to the listener's emotions, and the use of digressions. Oratory in the Roman empire,
though less central to political life than in the days of the Republic, remained significant
in law and became a big form of entertainment. Famous orators became like celebrities
in ancient Rome—very wealthy and prominent members of society.
The Latin style was the primary form of oration until the beginning of the 20th
century. After World War II, however, the Latin style of oration began to gradually grow
out of style as the trend of ornate speaking was seen as impractical. This cultural
change likely had to do with the rise of the scientific method and the emphasis on a
"plain" style of speaking and writing. Even formal oratory is much less ornate today than
it was in the Classical Era (Santos & Uychoco, 2018).

Ways to become the greatest public speaker
CJ Clouding, a lead organizer at Natural Leaders Network, enumerated 11 ways

on how to become a greatest public speaker.
1. Have a special message to deliver to the audience
2. Know the target audience
3. Work on your public speaking skills
4. Know the types of speakers / speeches
5. Build your public image
6. Be flexible
7. Write about what you speak about
8. Learn form the best in the business
9. Practice, practice, practice!
10. Keep updated on the latest issues and topics
11. Read, read, read!
Learning Activities
Challenge
1. What is the difference between Western and Filipino public speaking traditions?
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. How do public speakers affect society?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Reciprocal Questioning – Elaboration. Do it!
1. Choose one Filipino and one international speaker that you have known and watch
their art of public speaking. After watching, make your own analysis in terms of delivery,
diction, gestures, and posture. Write your answers on the space provided.
Local / National Speaker: _________________________________________________

Title of the Speech: ______________________________________________________
Analysis: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
International Speaker: ___________________________________________________

Nationality: ____________________________________________________________
Title of the Speech: ______________________________________________________
Analysis: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Unit 2. Tools Needed in Critical / Creative Reports
Learning Outcomes

 scrutinize reports from the speakers.
Pretest
Encounter
1. From your experience as a student who listens to teachers in classroom, what is
the difference between a good public speaker and a bad public speaker?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Content
In today’s day and age, everyone is expected to be able to give critical and
creative reports. This includes lawyers, engineers, and government employees, not just
those who are working in the field of multimedia and the arts. Modern technology has
made it easier for people to complement their reports with arresting visual arts and
helpful videos, and it has helped tremendously in the spread of all kinds of information.
To succeed in one’s academic and professional life, one should be able to master the
report.
Best Practices of Public Speaking
1. Introduction. What makes a speech electric? What makes a speech so

effective that it can make the audience have goosebumps or make them flush in
rage or joy? Great speakers have been called hypnotic, magnetic, and
charismatic, and this is not just because they have a compelling message, but
because of the captivating manner they deliver these speeches, as well.
2. Performance. Speeches are performances, and they are delivered best when
they have the feel of authenticity and earnestness. People respond when they
think that one speaking is being honest and sincere, and they respond even
more strongly when they feel that they can relate to the speaker in question.

3. Plan the Speech. It is vital to express oneself in an expensive and articulate

manner. It is best to choose one’s words carefully, and to ensure that one’s
speech builds on the foundation of logos, pathos, and ethos.
4. Eye Contact. One way of coming across as authentic is the ability to make
good eye contact with the audience, and to speak in a manner that touches
them. It is important to engage the audience, and eye contact helps doing that.
5. Speaking Style. Different people have different speaking styles and one can
only find one’s personal style through constant practice. Some people seems t be
more effective when they come across as calm, trustworthy, and reasonable, and
their hand gestures seem more open and thoughtful.
6. Hand Gestures. Whatever kind of speaker one may be, it is always best to be
more purposeful when it comes to choosing hand gestures. Hand gestures can
create as much of an impact as the content of the speech itself. They must
always look smooth and natural rather than robotic or artificial.
7. Recording the Speech for Feedback. One of the best practices of public
speaking is to videotape speakers and have theses speakers watch themselves.
It might surprise them that they use hand gestures or mannerisms that distract
from or lessen the impact of their speeches. Some hand gestures are so
exaggerated they look like policemen directing traffic, and some people pepper
their speeches with too much nervous laughter, or fillers like “Umms, and “Uhhs”
in their speech.
9. Appearance. When it comes to appearance, it is vital to look credible and

worthy of respect. In the real world, this depends a lot on one’s audience, as they
way one’s dresses should match the kind of audience one wants to impress.
10. Clothing. Traditional audiences often call for more formal clothing. For men,
this would mean donning a suit and tie at the most formal level, or at the very
least, the use of long-sleeved button-down skirts, slacks, and leather shoes. In
the Philippines, the use of barong and slacks is acceptable. For the women, a
pantsuit or a formal coat and skirt ensemble should suffice. In less formal
instances, a dress or blouse and skirt (or slacks) outfit should do as well.
11. Good Grooming. In addition, good grooming is a must, and that extends to
one’s hair to one’s nails. As long as one looks neat and clean, that should be
enough to satisfy most audience’s requirements. Some audiences, however, may
require women to wear more (or less) make-up, don a hijab, or wear high heels-
in these instances, it is always best to know the cultural expectations of the
audience and the venue.

12. Visual Aids. Since we live in a world that is more dependent on information
technology, it has become de riqueur for audiences to expect speeches to be
accompanied with visual aids, such PowerPoint presentations, video or audio
clips, and infographics.
13. Handouts. It would be best to have handouts ready for one’s audience so
that members of the audience will not have to scramble when taking notes during
the presentation.
14. Feedback. Although the speech is a performance, it is also one where its
audience can participate, often by the speaker asking rhetorical or directing
actual questions to the audience. It is always good to read the verbal and non-
verbal cues from the audience, such as whether they agree with what one is
saying or whether they are insisting to certain ideas mirrored by their use of body
language.
15. Conclusion. In the end, public speaking is a dynamic performance that is

meant to disseminate information, create greater awareness and evoke emotions
in the audience (Santos & Uychoco, 2018).
Learning Activities
Challenge
1. Why is public speaking a performance?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What public speaking practices do you think should be practices more in class?
Why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Report Analysis – Independent Learning. Do it!

For Online Students:
Watch this News Report on this link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3259VEA0ls and give your analysis based on the
given questions below.
1. Do you think this report is still relevant today? Why or why not?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What is your immediate reaction after watching the report?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
For online Students
Answer the following questions as indicated below.
1. How did the visual aids help the viewer in understanding the report?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think you can still further improve your speaking style? How?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Unit 3. TED Talks and Critical / Creative Thinking in Today’s Society
Learning Outcomes

 create and analyze a TED talk using one’s critical thinking.
Pretest
Challenge
1. Have you ever watched TED Talks? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. What makes TED Talks interesting?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__
Content
Sometimes, people with good public speaking and mediocre ideas get more
attention than people with great ideas but average public speaking skills. That’s actually
a problem, According to John Bates, “I think the world needs people with great ideas to
have the communication skills to match because we need those ideas more than ever”
(quoted in Clark, D.) When people have good ideas, they should be able to share it with
others. There are times when funding a good idea relies solely on one’s public speaking
skills, or times when groundbreaking ideas need to be shared to create a social
revolution (Santos & Uychoco, 2018)
What is the purpose of TED Talks?
The purpose of TED Talks is told in its motto itself. Its motto is: "Ideas worth
spreading". Therefore, its purpose is to spread ideas and inspire and motivate its
audience. TED talks are held on various disciplines like science, education, history,
environmental issues, productivity tips, business, technology, etc.
When people speak in front of an audience, they are already on a place of
vulnerability, which is why some people freeze up or are afraid of showing their
emotions. The opposite should take - - - speakers should use their emotions to connect
to the audience - - -it makes them more relatable and more accessible. Personal
anecdotes are great ways to connect to an audience.

There really isn’t much more to say. The best way to know how to give a TED
talk is to watch several and to study what makes them effective. And the best way to
present a TED talk is to practice and prepare, as much as possible.
Learning Activities
Comprehension check
I. Tell it!
TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if statement is true and FALSE if it gives wrong
explanation. Write your answer on the blank. (5)
________ 1. Public speakers use verbal and non-verbal cues in disseminating

information.
________ 2. In public speaking, sense of humor helps break the ice making the
audience fell close to the speaker
________ 3. Philippines has its own tradition of public speaking.
________ 4. Hand Gesture is the movement of hands and arms during the speech as a
means of emphasis
________ 5 Visual aids are materials that the speaker shows to the audience during the
speech.
II. Inquiry – Based

Define the following terms below (2 points each).
1. Eye Contact__________________________________________________________
2. Public Speaking -______________________________________________________
3. Articulation - __________________________________________________________
4. TED Talk- ____________________________________________________________
5. Speaking Style- _______________________________________________________

Assessment
For online students only:
A. Watch this TED Talk entitled Coronavirus is our future by Alanna Shaikh
(TEDxSMU)
Link: https://www.ted.com/talks/Alanna_Shaikh_coronavirus_is_our_future
Retrieved May 26, 2020) (About the speaker: Alanna Shaikh is a global health
consultant and executive coach who specializes in individual, organizational and
systemic resilience. She holds a bachelor’s degree from Georgetown University).
After-Watching Questions: Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Why is the participation of climate change on her talk in relation to Coronavirus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What advices she pointed out to get rid of this pandemic?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
For modular students only:
A. Create a two to three--minute TED talk on how to get rid from coronavirus. After that,
answer the following questions. Write your answer on the space provided. Submit the
content of the TED Talk through my e-mail address: eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph.
1. Was your talk effective?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What is the main point of the talk?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Wow! You made it! I do salute your dedication and

perseverance. Let us take another step of learning as you are now
in module 3.

Module 3 – The Documented Essay on a Concept
We cannot live without meaning, that would preclude any sense of

identity, any hope, any future.”(Carlina Rinaldi)
a. Academic Research and the Documented

Essay
b. Critical Thinking, Collaboration and the
Writing Process
Unit 1. Academic Research and the Documented Essay
Learning Outcomes

 develop a documented essay and
 create a writing outline of an academic research.
Pretest
Write anything you want to say about research papers, documented essays, and
academic writing in general. Write your answers inside the rectangle.

Content
Academic Writing
Many people including students believe that academic writing means “sounding
like a research paper,” which they associate with “highfaluting” or jargon-filled language,
a still style and the absence of the writer’s voice or opinion, and boring and rehashed
topics. In truth, the label “academic” refers to a student’s informed scholarly and
insightful contribution to ongoing discussions of relevant topics or issues (Uychoco &
Santos, 2018).
Furthermore, the language used in academic writing should be clear and specific
because it is mean to be shared with others since obscure and pompous prose is
irritating.
Since academic writing is done mostly to showcase your research and expertise
in a specific area or topic of interest, it is very vital to use balanced and credible voice
(tenor) to convey the purpose of the topic.
Documented Essay
A research paper or documented essay is a piece of writing in which you

incorporate information—facts, arguments, opinions—taken from the writings of
authorities in a particular field. Sometimes a research paper is no more than a report of
current thinking in a field, but more often a research paper demonstrates a thesis of your
own, relying on outside (secondary) sources for development and support of the thesis.
In other words, you should not think of a research paper as merely a series of
quotations from several sources on a subject, or just a summary, in your words, of those
sources—although you will probably include both quotation and summary in your paper.
Rather, the research paper is your synthesis of information on a topic: the bringing
together of information from various sources to establish a new perspective and to
create a new understanding of that material.
Writing a research paper involves moving through several stages and performing
a number of tasks. Although it is not a strictly orderly process (you will be involved in
several activities simultaneously), there is a sequence to follow with starting, developing,
and finishing strategies (Murray & Rockowitz, n.d.).
Documented essay consist of an introduction with an explicitly stated central
argument or thesis, there or more supporting paragraphs, and a conclusion. However,
citing sources should be done to avoid plagiarism.
Critical Thinking, Collaboration, and Writing Process
Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally, understanding the
logical connection between ideas. Critical thinking has been the subject of much debate
and thought since the time of early Greek philosophers such as Plato and Socrates and
has continued to be a subject of discussion into the modern age, for example the ability

to recognise fake news. Critical thinking might be described as the ability to engage in
reflective and independent thinking.
In essence, critical thinking requires you to use your ability to reason. It is about
being an active learner rather than a passive recipient of information.
(https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/critical-thinking.html).
Below are the three stages of the writing process as well as component of these
stages:
The Pre-Writing Stage of the Writing Process
Choosing a topic
The pre-writing stage is defined as “everything that takes place before the first
craft” (Murray, 19720). It begins with brainstorming exercises and preliminary research
to select a topic. Once topic has been chosen, researchers or student-writers should ask
the following practical questions:
1. What are the objectives of the research paper or the topic?

2. What are the length requirement of the paper (number of words and pages)
3. How much time do I need to write it?
4. What are other restrictions or limits imposed by the instructor or professors?
Asking research questions and establishing the significance of one’s research
The next helpful step is to barrage the specific topic with questions to come up
with the essay with the essay’s main research question that’s why you have to list all th
possible questions leading to the answer of your inquiry.
Composing a thesis statement
Coming up with a research question is vital for the next step, composing a thesis
statement. This is the explicit statement of what will be the paper’s central idea, point, or
argument, that is - - - the main assertion that will supported by the entire essay.
Example:
Research Question: Why is the continued use of tingi-tingi system in twenty-first

century Philippines significant?
Thesis Statement: The continued use of the tingi- tingi system in twenty-first
century Philippine reflects a lack of change in the economic situation of the
Philippines, as those from the many poorer sector of society are forces ,due to
lack of available funds, to both buy small and think in the short term.
Preparing a writing outline

Outline is a skeleton or framework that contains three sections: the introduction,

the development, and the conclusion.
In the academic paper, the introduction consists of the interesting opening to
draw the reader into the subject, background information of the topic, and a statement of
the paper’s thesis (Uychoco & Santos, 2018).
In terms of development, the researcher will expound everything to clarify the
information about your topic. This section explains how to go about the topic and is
gaps.
For the conclusion, it contains a summary of the essay which can be in a form of
recommendation, suggestions, or reiteration of the main idea.
Here is an example of writing an outline:
Title: Tingi Culture in the Twenty-First Century: Still Thinking Small in the’
Philippines
Thesis Statement: The continued use of the tingi- tingi system in twenty-first
century Philippine reflects a lack of change in the economic situation of the
Philippines, as those from the many poorer sector of society are forces ,due to lack of
available funds, to both buy small and think in the short term.
I. Introduction: the tingi-tingi system

A. Interesting example of buying by piece
B. Definition and origin of tingi and the tingi-ting system
C. Main idea: continued practice of tingi culture as a reflection of prevailing
poverty and thinking in the short-term
II. Development: The social and cultural implications of the of the tingi-tingi system.
A. Why it was practiced in the past
B. Why is continues to be practiced today
C. Buying small as equivalent to thinking small
III. Conclusion: Looking back and looking ahead
A. Recap of why the system has significant cultural implications
B. Final insight about the need to think in larger and longer terms
Doing Research and Finding Credible Sources
Writing is not only a social activity but a collaborative one. Writing an academic
essay means adding one’s voice to the conversation of other writers and scholars
(Uychoco & Santos, 2018).
With this, a writer must first do research and grater essential information from a
wide variety of sources available.
Citing sources matters most; thus, we have to write the name of the author if we
will copy the works of others to avoid plagiarism.

The Writing Stage of the Writing Process

When there is a solid plan and there are adequate notes from sources for the
essay, he students may move to the second stage of the writing process. This is writing,
or “the act of producing a first draft,” which Murray (1972) as cited by Uychoco & Santos
(2018) says is the “fastest” p[art of the writing process, taking up a little as 1 % of the
writer’s time.
In this stage, you need to brainstorm and collect all the necessary data as you
will fill out everything from the start up to the last shot of your essay.
Rewriting Stage of the Writing Process
This third stage involves “researching, rethinking, redesigning, and rewriting –

and finally, line-by-line editing, the demanding, satisfying process of making every word”
(Murray (1972) as cited by Uychoco & Santos (2018). In this stage, the writer reviews
the paper the paper to see how it may be improved, asking such questions as:
 Is the title appropriate and effective?
 Is the first paragraph interesting and compelling? Is it related to the topic?
 Does the introduction include a clearly stated main idea?
 Does each paragraph support the essay’s main idea?
 What needs to be added, omitted, or reorganized?
 What should be edited in terms of grammar and mechanics?
 How all sources been properly acknowledged via “|in-teact- citation and a
bibliographic list?
With the three stages mentioned above, the writer should take it closely and
seriously to achieve an effective output and of course, expect some comments and
feedbacks from the reader.
Learning Activities
Elaboration – Inquiry Based. How much have you learned?
Answer all the questions as indicated below by writing it on the space provided.
1. What kind of material should be documented? What kind of material need not be
documented?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What is the point of central idea of the essay? What does the essay say about the
larger implications of the trend?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What makes an academic writing efficient? Explain briefly.

Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Independent Learning and Inquiry Based. Do it!

1. In a short bond paper, develop a two-page documented essay about your stand on
the recent ABS-CBN shutdown issue. Be sure to include the introduction, body, and the
conclusion. You may cite sources and other references during your research work.
Rubrics on Documented Essay can be found on page 49.
For the online students, you may submit the output either through my email address:
eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph or in our Google class with this code: ovtpzm3.
2. Think of any topic related to journalism. After that, you will create a writing outline of a
research. You can refer page 30 as your guide. Below is the format for your perusal. It
must be placed on a short bond paper with a font size: 12 and font: Arial. Submit the
output through my email address: eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph.
Student’s Name: ________________________ Course: _______________

Program / Level: _______________ Date Submitted: ________
Writing outline
Title:
Thesis Statement:
Introduction:
A.
B.
Development:
A.
B.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Conclusion:
A.
B.

Congratulations! Thank you for completing the task. It only

shows that you are one of those students whose hardwork,
dedication, and diligence are more than commendable.

Module 4 – Speaking in Private and Public Institutions

“Speech is power: speech is to persuade, to convert, to compel.” (Source: The
Later Lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson: 1843 - 1871)
Persuasive Speech
a. The importance of Persuasive Speech
b. Persuasive Speech in Public Institutions
c. Persuasive in Public Institutions
Unit 1. Persuasive Speech
Learning Outcomes

 detect logical fallacies in speeches and written texts;
 analyze persuasive speeches and evaluate their worth; and
 create campaigns in the public sphere.
Pretest
Elaboration – Essay. Answer the following questions as state below. Write the answer
on the space provided.
1. What makes persuasive speech different from the other types of speeches?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. How do we present an effective persuasive speech in the public?

Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
B. Read “Effective Persuasive Communication” by Ellie Williams from the Chron website,
given website: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/effective-persuasive-communication-
56248.html. After that, answer the following questions below. Write your stand on the
space provided.
1. What are the different reasons people might need persuasion in a business?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think persuasion works better face to face or through the screen? What are
the pros and cons of both?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What products are persuasive for you, and why?

Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Content
A. Importance of Persuasive Speech
In this day and age, it seems the everybody is trying to persuade everybody else.
Whether it it in o rder to buy a specific product, try out the newest craze or join a political
movement, persuasion is the name of the game. Whatever field of preofessio, one plans
to join in the future; it is an essential skill to be able to persuade someone. Altohught
most people nowadays try to persuade using emotional means; it is best to be abe to
use logic and reasoning to persuade people as well (Uychoco & Santos, 2018).
The Basics of Argumentation
The ordinary expectations of an argument is an action the involves strong words,

possbly matched with violent acts. However, this apreciiation cannot be father from the
truth. In fact, a well-reasoned arugment is npot based on violence at all; but one that is
based on logical anfg evidence.
An agument is complosed of three featres: assumption, evidec,e and
eplxanation. If any one of the three features are mssiong, these are obt considered
arguiments. In the case of assumption without evidece, the are merely opinions. In the
case of evidecne without assertions, these are simply balc facts that need further
contextualization. Unfortunately, most people believ that if you have one of these
features, one can create a compelling argument (Uychoco & Santos, 2018).
1. Assumption. It is an opinion that needs ewvidence to back it up. Hence, saying

that the world is round s not an assumption., it is fact. It is not an opinion that asks for
evidence because it has already been proven and is considered to be tru by all
accountts.
For example, the belief that all states should respect human rights usedto be
considered a fact in the Philioppines. However, with the election of President Rodrigo
Duterte, for some people, this is now considered a matter of opinion, as human rights
have been framed as a Western concept that has not relationship to Philippine realities.
Both of these assertions have their merits, and it is now important to closely look at the
evidence in order to see which assertions is more correct thatn the other.
2. Evidence. It can be any of the following: concrete facts and figures; a

philosophical ideology agreed upon to be true by everyone; and anecdotal evidence.
The strongest bodies of evidence are basedon facts and ficugres, and it is important
tothat they are true and come from reliable sources. One cannot explain to get facts from
memes, dodgy blogs, and fake news sources. It is best to get facts from newspapers
and acadmeic journals, or their digital counterparts. The weakest among the three would
be anecdotal evidence, as this can be exaggeration of the speakers, or even an outright
lie ((Uychoco & Santos, 2018).

3. Explanation. An expanation tells the audience why the evidence supports the
assumption. It should be clear and concise, and the relationship between the evidence
and the assumption must not commit any logical fallacies.
For example, when it comes to the earlier assumption, that all states shold be
observe humsan rights for its citizens, the fact that this is enshrined in the United
Nations Commission for Human Rights (UNCHR) might not be enough for some people.
Therefore, in order to be more persuasive, one must epxlain where there this came from,
that it was a post-World War II measure to ensure that the evils of the Nazi Holocaust
would not be repeated in the world. A stronger explanation would go to the premises of
the argument and analyze this point by point in order to make the audience fully
understand the argument (Uychoco & Santos, 2018).
As such, an argument’s persausive power is not found soely on logcial grounds.

It is important to remember that one is trying to convicne human beings with emotions,
and not cold, unfeeling robots, which is why it is always best to add the persuasive
powers of pathos ( a qaultiy that evokes sadness) and ethos (philosophy or character) in
an artugment, aside form those that stem form logos (logic or argument).
B. Persuasive Speech in Private Institutions
Corpoate and private institutions rely on persuasion in order to get investments,

broker deals, and find clients. Persuasion comes, not just I nthe words that used , but
also with snappy audio—visual presentations and infecitous music. It can be dead
serious, as in corporate negotiations, or serioulsy fun, as in marketing products and
pithcing prorjects ((Uychoco & Santos, 2018).
Pitching a Project
Many times, people needto look for fundsing sources ot make good ideas grow
and develop. When the Internet first bloomed in the 1990s, many start-ups, or up and
coming web-related companies, were able to get investments form Silicon Valley and
beyond. Although this tapered off when the dot-com bubble burst in the 2000s, this is still
the case when it comes to people who have good ideas and need to look for investors to
make business ideas grow.
Nowadays, the Internet has created sophisticated platforms for people to pitch
their proejctsd so that people who are interested in helpind out can eaisly invest with a
click of a button. The most well-known platform for this is Kickstarter, and the pitches are
made by uplaoding videos can view and discuss, and will help as models for the
students before they make their own video / audio-visual pitch.

C. Persuasive Speech in Public Institutions
Persuasive speeches in public institutions are important in government and in our

way of life. They affect public policy and establish laws that citizens should follow and
obey. These can also be made to change existing laws and norsm that are problematic.
It is also possible to make persuasive speeches in the public sphere without being part
of the government., as an advocacy to influence the people and to sway those in
government , or a way of epxressing outrage and airing public greivances (Oychoco &
Santos, 2018).
It is undeniably true that the spaker experieces jitters and nervousness oncne
they deliver a speech in front; however, everythign wil be learned and earned as long as
you are teancious to do.
In the aspect campaigning public figures or products, it is very vital to present all
the necessary component about the subject or else it will not be as flourishing as it is.
Learning Activities
Task 1. Building Arguments
Create several arguments for and against the three given topics below. Write
your anwswer on the space provided or submit the output through my email address:
Topic Assertion Evidence Explanation
Divorce should
be legalzied in
the Philippines

ABC-CBN
shutdown
affects
economic
setting the
Philippines
Anti-terrorism
bill is good for
the Philippines
B. Watch the Kickstarter pitch form the given link:

https://www.kickstarter.com/project/1305026158/off-assignment. After that, answer the
given questions below. Write your answwer on the spacep provided.
After-watching questions:
1. Why is it entitled “Off-Assignemtn?”
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Why did they highlight credible wrtiers and journlaists in the project?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Do you think thep itch is convincing? Why or why not?

Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What doe this say about the state of journalism today?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
C. Watch the speech at this address:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOqlotJrFVM. After that, answer the questions by
writng on the space provided.
1. What was the advocacy all about?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think she was given the Nobel Peace Prize?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
3. Why doe she insist that secondary education must be part of the education goals of
every ocuntry?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Assessment
A. Detecting one’s fallacy!
Direction. Search one persuasive speech form any politician speakers in the country.
After that, detect some logical fallacies in his or her speech. Write the answer on the
space provided. Rubrics on analytical writing can be found on page 52.
Speaker’s name: ___________________________________________

Title of the speech: _________________________________________
Arguments in terms of logical fallacies:

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
B. From the chosen speech you have meneiton in letter A’s task, analyze the speech
and evaluate the content. Rubrics can be found on page 52. Write your anwwer on the
space provided.
Analysis:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

C. Create or initiate a campaign of yoiur own advocacing a certain issue that persuades
the interest of the public. Be sure to introduce the campaign through a poster and give
an explanation about it. Rubrics for making a campaign can be found on 51. Submit the
output through my email address: eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph
CONGRATULATIONS FOR THE JOB WELL DONE!

MAJOR REQUIREMENTS
Midterm Task ( to be submitted a week before the midterm examination schedule)
For online students
A. Make a three to five-minute video delivering a speech about your stand on anti-
terrorism issue. Be careful in citing sources. Be sure to wear formal attire and observe
proper gestures. Rubrics on delivering a speech can be found on page 51.
Submit your video through our google class with the code: ovtpzm3.
For Modular students:
A. Make a two to three page speech about your stand on anti-terrorism issue. Be careful
in citing sources. Use Arial 12, double spacing, one-inch margins all around, indented
paragraph beginnings, and no extra spaces between paragraph. After that, placeyour
name, year level and the date of submission on the first page. Rubrics on wriing a a
speech can be found on page 50. Submit your output through my email address:
Final Task (to be submitted a week before the final examination schedule)
For both online and modular students
Using the writing outline found in your assessment number 2 on page 32,
develop a five –to eight documented essay (5 to 8 pages). Use Arial 12, doble spacing,
one-inch margins all around, indented paragraph beginnings, and no extra spaces
between paragraph. After that, placeyour name, year level and the date of submission
on the first page. Rubrics for grading the documented ssay can be found on page 49.
Submit your output through my email address: eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph.

References
Ahmed, A. (2018). The effects of globalization on global communication.
https://bizfluent.com/info-8232542-effects-globalization-global-
communication.html
Carnegie, D & Esenwein, J. (2007). The art of public speaking. New York: Home
Correspondence School
Collins, O. (1998). Speeches that changed the world. London: Westminster John Knox
Press.
Communication Theories. Org. (2017a). Artistotle’s communication model.
communication theories. Org. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from
http://communicationtheory.org/aristotle%E2%80%99s-communication-model/
Communication Theories. Org. (2017b). Shannon and Weaver model of communication
model. communication theories. org. Retrieved April 11, 2017 from
http://communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/
Communication Theories. Org. (2017c). Osgood and Schramm communication model.
communication theories. Org. Retrieved April 11, 2017 from
http://communicationtheory.org/osgood-schramm- model-of-communication/
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language (2nd ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Flackmann, K and M. (2011). The prose reader: essays for thinking, reading and writing.
9th Ed. Boston: Prentice Hall.
Kleiser, G. (2009). Successful methods in public speaking. New York: Funk and
Wagnails Company
Matthew, L.C. & Thakkar, B. (2012). The impact of globalization on cross-cultural
communication. In Cuadra-Montiel, H. (Ed.) Globalization: education and
management agendas.

Macquail, D. & Windahl, S. (2013). Communication models for the study of mass
communication, New York: Routiedge
Santos, M. L. & Uychoco, M. T. (2018). Communication for society: Purposive
communication. Manila: REX Bookstore
Dr. Murray & Rockowitz (n.d.) The documented essay: General guidelines. Hunter
College, City University of New York.
National Communication Association, 1999

Glossary
academic research. It is a systematic investigation into a problem or situation, where

the intention is to identify facts and/or opinions that will assist in solving the
problem or dealing with the situation (www.phdassistance.com)
academic writing. It is clear, concise, focussed, structured and backed up by evidence.
Aristotle’s model. It mainly concentrates on the speaker and the speech.
body. It is part of an essay that explains the topic to clarify all the needed information.
channel. It is the medium, mean, manner or method through which a message is sent
to its intended receiver.
communication. It is a a two-way process of exchanging ideas or thoughts.
conclusion. It is a part of an essay that suggests, recommends, advises, summarizes

the topic.
documents. These are records to be kept so that all the information will not be lost.
documented essay. It is a piece of writing in which you incorporate information like

facts, arguments, opinions which is taken from the writings of authorities in a
particular field.
essay. It is a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument.
ehics. It pertains moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of
an activity.
feedback. It refers to a response from the receiver which gives the communicator an
idea of how the message is being received.
globalization. It describes as the amalgamation and collaboration among people.
introduction. It is the beginning part of an essay.
Lasswell’s model. It is an act of communication by defining who said it, what was said,
in what channel it was said, to whom it was said, and with what effect it was said.
message. it is the one that is being sent or transmitted by the speaker.
miscommunication. It means failure to communicate effectively and adequately.
Newcomb’s model. It concentrates on the social purpose of communication, showing

all communication as a means of sustaining relationships between people.
outline. It is a framework used to organize written ideas about a topic into a logical
order.

public speaking. It is an act or process of making speeches in public.
receiver. It refers to the listener, reader, or observer to whom a message is directed.
report. It is a document that presents information in an organized format for a specific ;

audience and purpose (https://en.wikipedia.org.)
Schramm–Osgood’s model. It is a process that takes place between a sender

(transmitter) and a receiver: there will be also a message, and a medium through
which the message can be transmitted (Schramm, 1948).
sender. It is the one who sends or transmits a message.
Shannon’s and Weaver’s model. It describes the role of the sender, the originator of
message or the information source selects desire message and the encoder, the
transmitter.
sources. These are objects which encode message and data.
speech. It is the communication or expression of thoughts in spoken words. (Merriam

dictionary).
Ted talks. It is a showcase for speakers presenting great, well-formed ideas in under 18
minutes (https://whatis.techtarget.com).
thesis. It is a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or

proved.
thesis statement. It is usually one sentence that summarizes the main point or claim of
an essay, research paper.
White’s model. It describes as a circular and continuous, without a beginning or an end.
writing process. It involves researching and planning the structure of the study.

Assessment Rubrics
A. Writing a documented essay
Criteria / Points Description

The essay has an appropriate and interesting title; tt
has a clearly expresses thesis or central idea; it does
Unity and Coherence not stray off the topic; it has topic sentences that
(25) indicate the central point of each paragraph; and it is
well –organized with transition signals that show the
flow and relationship of ideas.
The essay presents original ideas and insights which
displays critical thinking and analysis; it contains
Content and Development adequate and accurate supporting points and
(35%) details; it makes use of well-known and reliable
sources to back the writer’s points; and it adequately
processes and integrates borrowed words and ideas.
The essay is written in Standard English and uses
Language appropriate style and level of language (middle or
(20 %) formal) and it uses precise, accurate, and
grammatically correct language.
Mechanics and The essay is properly formatted according to the
Documentation requirements; it follows the specifications like in
(25) citing and attributing sources and references.

B. Making a Speech
Needs
Category Excellent Good Satisfactory
Improvement
Introductory Introductory Introductory Introductory
paragraph paragraph begins paragraph paragraph does
begins with a with a statement begins with a not contain a
Introduction statement that that that attempts statement that hook or attention
(5 points) both grabs the to grab the might be grabber.
attention of the attention of the construed as
readers and is reader; but is an attention
appropriate to incomplete in getter, but is
the audience. some sense. not clear.
Body paragraphs Body paragraphs Body Body
Body: provide clear provide clear paragraphs are paragraphs are
Evidences evidence and connections to the vaguely on unrelated or
and ample elements main ideal but may topic; but lack marginally
Examples supporting thesis be need more clear connected to
(10 points) statement examples or connections, essay topic.
concrete evidence. evidences, and Examples and
examples of the evidences are
main idea. weak.
Closing Closing paragraph Conclusion is Conclusion is
paragraph concludes essay weak and at non-existent with
provides a clear in satisfactory times confusing little or no
conclusion manner. However, in terms of references to
Closing successfully author’s position author’s proceeding
Paragraph stating the and / or an position with paragraphs or
(5 points) authors’ position effective little reference author’s
as it contains an restatement of to the main position.
effective main idea or thesis idea or thesis.
restatement of maybe lacking.
the main idea.
All sentences are Most sentences Some Very few
well-constructed are well- sentences are sentences are
with very few constructed with a well - well-constructed
minor mistakes. number of constructed and the
Sentence Complex mistakes. Some while others sentences are
Structure sentence attempts at contain serious all very simple. .
(5 points) structures are complex sentence errors. Use of
used effectively. structures are complex
successful. sentence
structures is
limited.
The essay The essay The essay The essay
Grammar
contains very contains relatively contains contains
and Spelling minor errors in number of errors number of numerous errors
5 points) grammar and in grammar and minor errors in in grammar and
spelling, and spelling, and grammar and spelling, and
punctuation. punctuation. spelling, and punctuation.
punctuation.
Total Points

C. Delivering a Speech
Source: Speech Rubric. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/407646203741685819/
D. Making a campaign
Criteria Points
Originality 10
Content 10
Entertainment and Persuasion Value 10
Neatness / Orderliness 5
Total 35

E. Analytical Writing

Answer Keys
Module 1
Pretest - Unit 1 (page 2)

A. Answers may vary.


Module 2
Pretest – Unit 1 (page 14)


Answers may vary.
Module 3
Answers may vary.
Modue 4
Pretest - Unit 1 (pages 34-35)
Answers may vary.

Appendices
A. Student’s Personal Record
Please fill-out the following data honestly.
ID. No.: _____________________________ Course / Year: ___________________

Name: ______________________________ Age: _______
Home Address:_______________________________________________________
Birthplace: __________________________ Gender: _______________________
Birthdate: ___________ Religion: ________ Citizenship: ____________________
Mother’s Name: ____________________ Father’s Name: __________________
Occupation: _______________________ Occupation: ____________________
Number of Siblings: _________________ I am the ______ child of our family.
I am staying with my _________________________________________________.
Are you a working student? _________. If yes, state your work _________________
Mobile Phone Number(s): ______________ E-mail address ___________________
Facebook Account Name: _______________
In case of emergency, please call ______________________ with his or her contact
number ____________________
List of Subject Loads
S. Y. _________________
Subjects
First Semester Remarks Second Semester Remarks
I hereby admit that all of the facts and information above are true and accurate.
_______________________________
SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

Republic of the Philippines

The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
Dipolog Campus, Dipolog City
STUDENT’S EVALUATION FORM

Name (optional) ______________________ Date of Evaluation: _____________
Course & Year: _________ Section: ______ 1st Sem ___ 2nd Sem S. Y. ______
Instructor / Professor: __________________
Please take a few minutes to evaluable this learning module using a scale of 5 (highest
– strongly agree) to 1 (lowest – strongly disagree). Marl check (/) the number that
corresponds to your rating. Thank you very much.
Statements 1 2 3 4 5
1. The module is efficient and friendly.
2. The module is very useful in understanding the course.
3. The content is organized, well-written, and properly
cited.
4. The activities are helpful in understanding the course.
5. The exercises serve to demonstrate the concept taught
in class.
6. There are adequate learning activities to illustrate the
concepts.
7. The instructions of each activity are clearly stated.
8. Answers to the learning activities and assessments are
clearly explained by the instructor.
9. The learning activities are appropriate to the level of the
students.
10. The module demonstrates further readings to expand
the students’ knowledge about the certain topic.
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Comments or recommendations:
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Instructor’s Personal Information
EDUARDO C. MIRA, MA
Instructor and Student Publication Adviser,
Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Dipolog Campus
Contact number: 09998842060

FB account name: Edward Mira
e-mail address: eduardomira@jrmsu.edu.ph
___________________________________________________________________
Major Academic Schedules of S. Y. 2020-2021
Examination
Midterm (Undergraduate) - October 19-20, 2020
Midterm (Graduating) - October 26-27, 2020
Final (Undergraduate) - January 5-6, 2021
Final (Graduate) - January 9-10, 2021




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Art of communication in multi-modal contexts i

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

Art of communication in multi-modal contexts

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

Art of communication in multi-modal contexts

Jose Rizal Memorial State University

Page and cover designed by: Sedie Tahil

First Edition. Journalism, 2020 (hb)

JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

According to Peter Shepherd, “Communication is the solvent of all problems and

People communicate. Plants and animals even transfer messages to their

Yes, purposive communication is very important in human lives especially to

As we recall the communication process, it has components which include a

Communications is fundamental to the existence and survival of humans as well

Module one contains communication in the twenty-first century. It consists three

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

This module is specifically designed for use in undergraduate classes of

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

Module 2. Public Speaking and Reports in the Information Age

Module 3. Concept of a Documented Essay

Module 4. Speaking in Private and Public Institutions

About the Author

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

Republic of the Philippines

JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

L - ead effectively and efficiently amidst socio-cultural diversity;

JRMSU envisions its graduates to be:

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

Course Learning Learning Learning Formative Summative

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

contexts laptops, mobile Essay)

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

registers; i. create a Rockowitz, sample authentic

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

The term grade is computed using the formula:

40% - Performance (synthesis reports, memos, research article)

Midterm Grade = 100% of the Midterm Grade

CLASSROOM RULES OF CONDUCT

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

Prepared: Noted: Noted: Approved/Disapproved:

Date: 10 February 2020 Date: Date: Date:

Date Revised: _____________

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

A. Conceptual relationship of modules

Communication in the 21st Students

Art of Public Speaking Purposive

This course aim to develop students’ communicative competence and enhances

B. Schedule (include deadlines)

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

A. List of coverages with the corresponding dates

B. Schedules of Answering Pretest, Learning Activities, and Assessments

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

Midterm Task ( to be submitted a week before the midterm examination schedule)

For online students

For Modular students:

For both online and modular students

This module is intended for classroom purposes only.

Aside from utilizing verbal and non-verbal communication, the following