Quick Quiz: On Your Answer Sheet, Write in or Circle The Correct Letter For Each Question

7A Quick Quiz
7
A On your answer sheet, write in or circle the correct letter for each question.
7Aa 2 On the drawing of the animal cell, what

does part ‘W’ do?
1 An organ is:
A makes energy B makes food
A another name for a living thing.
C controls the cell D holds the cell
B a large part of an animal or plant that together
does a very important job.
C the part of the body that makes sounds. 3 On the drawing of
a microscope,
D another name for a body.
what is the name of
2 Organs contain: the part labelled ‘X’?
X
A hearts. B tissues. A stage
C glass. D newspaper. B focusing wheel
3 In the picture, what is part ‘Z’? C objective lens
D base
4 Look at the diagram of a slide being made.
The object you want to look at (‘Y’) is
called the:
Z
coverslip
Y
A stomach B hand A specimen. B kingdom.

C kidney D lung C stage. D focus.
4 What are the kidneys used for?
7Ac
A To get rid of waste from the body.
B To help us to breathe. 1 A tissue is:
C To help us digest food. A a collection of organs helping each
D To make blood. other.
B another name for an organ.
7Ab
C a group of cells which are all different,
1 On this drawing of an animal cell, what is all doing different jobs.
part labelled ‘W’?
D a group of cells which are the same, all
doing the same job.
W 2 A nerve cell has to carry messages around
the body quickly. To help it do this it is:
A short and square.
A cell surface membrane B very small.
B chloroplast C very long.
C nucleus D able to move around the body.
D heart
Page 1 of 2
Exploring Science for QCA Copymaster File 7 20 © Pearson Education Limited 2002
7A Quick Quiz (continued)
7
3 A root hair cell is adapted to its job 7Ae A
because the root hair:
1 On the diagram the part labelled with the
A is hook-shaped to hold the plant in the
letter ‘A’ is the:
ground.
B gives the cell a large surface area to
help it absorb water. A
C has many chloroplasts to help it make
food.
D can move to help the plant move from
place to place.
4 Cell division is:
A when a cell dies.
B when a cell splits in two.
C when a cell gets larger.
D a difficult sum.
A style. B ovary.
7Ad C stigma. D anther.
1 An organ system is: 2 Pollination is:
A a collection of organs working together A the carrying of pollen from an anther
to do an important job. to a stigma.
B a collection of tissues that do the B when two sex cells join together.
same job. C when an insect eats pollen.
C a collection of organs that help us D when harmful substances enter
breathe. the air.
D a way of counting the number of 3 Fertilisation is:
organs in the body.
A the carrying of pollen from an anther
2 The heart contains: to a stigma.
A muscle, fat and nerve tissues. B when two sex cells join together.
B only muscle tissue. C when an insect eats pollen.
C muscle and bone tissues. D when a seed starts to grow.
D muscle, nerve and palisade tissues. 4 In the diagram, the part labelled ‘B’ is:
3 Which organ system carries messages
around the body?
B
A digestive system
B breathing system
C circulatory system
D nervous system
4 The gullet is part of the:
A digestive system.
B breathing system.
C circulatory system. A an ovary. B an anther.
D nervous system. C a xylem tube. D a pollen tube.
Page 2 of 2
7A Target Sheet
7 Name Class
A
Topic Targets Before the unit I have learned this I have revised this
7Aa 1 Know what an organ is.
2 Know what organs are made of.
3 Know the names and positions of the

major plant and human organs.
4 Know what the major plant and
human organs do.
7Ab 1 Know what a cell is and the basic
parts of animal and plant cells.
2 Know what the parts of cells do.
3 Know the basic parts of and how to

use a microscope.
4 Know how to make slides.
7Ac 1 Know what a tissue is.
2 Know how some animal cells

are adapted to their functions.
3 Know how palisade and root hair
cells are adapted to their functions.
4 Know what cell division is.
7Ad 1 Know what an organ system is.
2 Know the names of some common

tissues found in organs.
3 Know the functions of the digestive,
breathing, circulatory and nervous
systems.
4 Know the names of organs in the
digestive, breathing, circulatory and
nervous systems.
7Ae 1 Know what sexual reproduction in
plants is and the parts of the male and
female reproductive organs in a flower.
2 Know what pollination is.
3 Know what fertilisation is.
4 Know how fertilisation happens in

flowers.
7A Word Sheets
7
Word sheets that include new words from the ‘Focus on:’ pages are available on the A
Exploring Science website.
7Aa – Human organs/Organisation/Seeing is believing

Word Pronunciation Meaning
brain Organ that controls what the body does.
eyepiece lens Part of the microscope you look down.
focusing wheel Wheel on a microscope that moves parts of the microscope to get the image into focus.
heart Organ that pumps blood.
image What you see down a microscope.
intestine in-test-in The small intestine is an organ used to digest and absorb food.
The large intestine is an organ which removes water from unwanted food.
kidneys Organs used to clean the blood and make urine.
leaf Plant organ used to make food using photosynthesis.
liver Organ used to make and destroy substances in our bodies.
lungs Organs used to take oxygen out of the air and put waste carbon dioxide into the air.
magnification mag-nif-ick-ay-shun How much bigger a microscope makes something appear.
microscope my-crow-scope Used to magnify small things.
objective lens Part of the microscope that is closest to what you are looking at.
organ A large part of a plant or animal that does a very important job.
photosynthesis foto-sinth-e-sis Process that plants use to make their own food. It needs light to work.
root Plant organ used to take water out of the soil.
root hair tissue Found in roots. Takes in water from the soil.
skin Organ used for protection and feeling.
slide Glass sheet that a specimen is put on.
specimen spess-im-men What you look at down a microscope.
stage Part of the microscope. You put slides on it.
stem Plant organ used to take water to the leaves and to support the leaves.
stomach stum-ack Organ used to store and break up food.
tissue Organs are made of different tissues.
xylem tissue Found in roots, stems and leaves. Transports water.
Page 1 of 3
7A Word Sheets (continued)
7
A
7Ab – On the slide/Building a life
cell sell The basic unit which living things are made of.
cell surface membrane mem-brain Controls what goes into and out of a cell.
cell wall Tough wall around plant cells. Helps to support the cell.
chlorophyll klor-O-fill Green substance found inside chloroplasts.
chloroplast klor-O-plast Green disc containing chlorophyll. Found in plant cells. Where the plant makes food
using photosynthesis.
coverslip Thin piece of glass used to hold a specimen in place on a slide.
cytoplasm site-O-plaz-m Jelly inside a cell where the cell’s activities happen.
magnification mag-nif-ick-ay-shun How much bigger a microscope makes something appear.
microscope my-crow-scope Used to magnify small things.
nucleus new-clee-us Controls what a cell does.
photosynthesis foto-sinth-e-sis Process that plants use to make their own food. It needs light to work. Carbon dioxide
and water are used up. Food and oxygen are produced.
slide Glass sheet that a specimen is put on.
specimen spess-im-men What you look at down a microscope.
stain Dye used to colour parts of a cell to make them easier to see.
vacuole vack-you-oll Storage space in plant cells.
7Ac – Shaped for the job

adapted When something has certain features to help it do a particular job. When the features
of a cell help it do its job, the cell is said to be ‘adapted’ to its job.
cilia sil-lee-ah Small hairs on some cells.
ciliated sil-lee-ayted Having cilia.
ciliated epithelial cell sil-lee-ayted Cell with cilia found in the lungs.
ep-pee-theel-ee-al
muscle cell muss-ell Cell that can change its length and so help us to move.
nerve cell Cell that carries messages around the body.
neurone Another name for a nerve cell.
palisade cell pal-iss-aid Cell found in leaves which contains many chloroplasts.
root hair cell Cell found in roots. It has a large surface area to help the cell absorb water quickly.
tissue tiss-you A group of the same cells all doing the same job.
xylem tube zy-lem Hollow tube formed from xylem cells and used to carry water up a plant.
Page 2 of 3
7A Word Sheets (continued)
7
A
7Ad – All systems go/Cell division
breathing system bree-thing Takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide from our bodies.
cell division When a cell splits in two. Cells are made using cell division.
circulatory system serk-you-late-or-ee Carries oxygen and food around the body.
daughter cell The two new cells made by cell division are called daughter cells.
digestive system die-jest-iv Breaks down our food.
nervous system nerve-us Carries messages around the body.
organ system Collection of organs working together to do a very important job.
7Ae – A seedy story

anther Part of the stamen. It produces pollen grains.
carpel car-pull Female reproductive organ found in flowers. It is made of a stigma, style and ovary.
egg cell The female sex cell in plants.
embryo em-bree-O Tiny plant, found inside a seed, with a very small shoot and a very small root.
fertilisation fert-ill-eyes-ay-shun Joining of a male sex cell with a female sex cell.
fertilised egg cell What is produced when a male sex cell fuses with an egg cell.
filament Part of the stamen. It supports the anther.
flower Organ system containing reproductive organs – carpel (female), stamen (male).
fruit Something used to carry seeds. Can be fleshy or dry.
nucleus new-clee-us Controls what a cell does.
ovary O-very Part of the carpel. It contains ovules, each of which contains an egg cell.
ovule ov-you’ll Contains egg cells. Is found in the ovary.
pollen grain The male sex cell in plants.
pollen tube Tube that grows from a pollen grain down through the stigma and style and into
the ovary.
pollination poll-in-ay-shun Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma.
reproductive organ Organ that produces sex cells.
seed Contains a plant embryo and a store of food.
seed coat Hard outer covering of a seed.
sex cell A cell used for sexual reproduction.
sexual reproduction re-pro-duck-shun Producing new organisms by combining a male and a female sex cell from two
different parents.
stamen stay-men Male reproductive organ found in flowers. It is made of an anther and a filament.
stigma Part of the carpel. It is where pollen lands.
style Part of the carpel connecting the stigma to the ovary.
variety A plant or animal that is in some way different from its parents.
Page 3 of 3
7A End of Unit Test
7
A Name Class
1 Label the parts of the microscope. Use these words:

stage eyepiece lens objective lens
[3 marks]
2 Complete the following sentence:
All living things are made up of .

[1 mark]
3 What is the name of the organs that plants use to make food?
[1 mark]
4 a What is a tissue?
b Give an example of a tissue found in humans.
[2 marks]
Page 1 of 3
7A End of Unit Test (continued)
7
5 Label the organs on the human body. A
[2 marks]
6 Which organ system are the lungs a part of?
[1 mark]
7 Give the names of two organs that are part of the digestive system.
i ii
[2 marks]
8 a What does the heart do?
b Which organ system is the heart in?
[2 marks]
9 Complete the sentences using some of these words:
pollination fertilisation seed dispersal germination
a An insect carrying pollen from an anther to a stigma is an example
of .
b A male sex cell joining with a female sex cell is called .
[1 mark]
10 Number the following sentences in the order that they happen.
Male sex cell joins with female sex cell.
Pollen tube grows down the style.
Pollen lands on the stigma.
Part of the flower swells to form a fruit.
[2 marks]
Page 2 of 3
7A End of Unit Test (continued)
7
A 11 Label the parts of this slide being made.
[2 marks]
12 a Label the parts of this cell.
[3 marks]
b Choose one of the parts you have labelled and explain what it does.
[1 mark]
13 Explain what job a root hair cell does and how it is adapted to do its job.
[2 marks]
Page 3 of 3
7A Mark schemes
7
A
Quick Quiz Matching End of Unit Test marks to NC levels
Question Answers Marks Level Marks Cumulative Suggested
Topic 1 2 3 4 available total threshold for
7Aa B B A A 4 achieving level
7Ab C C C A 4 4 5 5 3
7Ac D C B B 4 5 8 13 9
7Ad A A D A 4 6 9 22 17
7Ae C A B D 4 7 3 25 24
End of Unit Test marks

Question Level Answers Mark scheme
1 4 Stage, eyepiece lens and objective lens 3 marks – 1 mark for each one correct.
labelled correctly
2 6 Cells 1 mark
3 5 Leaves/leaf 1 mark
4 6 a A group of cells of the same type, all doing 1 mark – mark for each phrase used.
the same job
b Muscle, nerve, etc. 1 mark – do not accept skin.
5 4 Stomach, kidney, intestines (large intestine) and brain 2 marks – mark for each one correct.
correctly labelled.
6 5 Breathing system 1 mark
7 5 Any two of liver, pancreas, intestines, gullet, 2 marks – 1 mark for each one correct.
stomach, mouth
8 5 a Pumps blood 1 mark
b Circulatory system 1 mark
9 6 a pollination b fertilisation 1 mark – mark for each part correct.
10 6 3, 2, 1, 4 2 marks for correct sequence. 1 mark for parts
3 and 4 first and last. 0 marks for anything else.
11 5 Specimen, slide, coverslip and mounted needle 2 marks – mark for each one correct.
labelled correctly
12 6 a Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, 3 marks – mark for each one correct.
chloroplast(s), vacuole labelled correctly
7 b Correct function 1 mark
13 7 It absorbs water from the soil 1 mark
It has a large surface area (to absorb water quickly) 1 mark
Exploring Science for QCA Teacher’s Guide 7 © Pearson Education 2002 41

7A Summary Sheets
Cells and their functions 7
All living things are made from cells. There are two basic types of cell: A
Animal cell Plant cell
Cell wall. This is like a box with many large
Cell surface membrane. This holes in it. It supports the cell and is very strong.
is like a very thin bag. It keeps It is made out of a substance called cellulose.
the cell together and controls
what goes into and out of the cell.
Nucleus. This is the ‘control Chloroplasts. These are green discs that allow
centre’ of the cell. It tells the the plant to make food (by photosynthesis).
cell what to do. They contain a chemical called chlorophyll.
Cytoplasm. This is a jelly-like

substance. Many of the cell’s
activities take place here. Vacuole. This is a storage space filled with a
liquid called cell sap.
Cells are very small. A microscope is used to see them.
To use a microscope you:

i Place the smallest objective lens over
the hole in the stage. eyepiece lens
ii Turn the focusing wheel to move the
objective lens close to the stage.
iii Place the slide on the stage. objective lens
iv Adjust the light source or mirror.
stage
v Look into the eyepiece lens focusing wheel
vi Turn the focusing wheel until what

you see is clear (in focus). slide
light source
or mirror
A microscope makes things appear bigger. It magnifies things. There are two lenses
in a microscope. To work out the total magnification you multiply the magnification
of the objective lens by the magnification of the eyepiece lens.
The object you want to look at using a microscope is called the specimen. It has to be
thin to let light get through it. It is placed, with a drop of water, onto a slide.
A coverslip is put on top. The coverslip stops the specimen from drying out, holds it
flat and stops it moving. A stain might be used to help you see parts of the cell.
Page 1 of 3
7A Summary Sheets (continued)
7
A Some cells have special shapes. They are adapted to do certain jobs.
Cilated epithelial cells

are found in tubes leading to
the lungs. The strands at the
Nerve cells (neurones) are long so
top (cilia) wave about to
that messages can be carried around
move dirt out of the lungs.
Muscle cells are able to change the body quickly.
length. This helps us to move.
Root hair cells in plant roots take water Palisade cells in plant leaves are packed with
out of the ground quickly. The root hair gives chloroplasts to help the plant make food.
the water more surface to get into the cell.
A group of cells that are the same, all doing the same job, is called a tissue
(e.g. muscle tissue). A group of different tissues working together to do an important
job makes an organ. For example the heart is an organ and is made of muscle tissue
and nerve tissue.
Organs have very important jobs:
Brain
controls the body.
Skin
for protection
Stem
and feeling.
Heart carries substances
pumps blood. (such as water)
around the plant
and holds the
Lungs leaves in place.
for breathing.
Leaf
Stomach makes food by
stores and the process of
Liver photosynthesis.
breaks up food.
makes and
destroys Kidneys Root
substances. clean the blood takes water out
and make urine. of the soil and
Large instestine holds the plant
removes Small intestine in the ground.
water from digests and
unwanted food. absorbs food.
Page 2 of 3
7A Summary Sheets (continued)
7
Organs often work together in organ systems. A
Some important organ systems:
Organ system Organs Job

Breathing system Windpipe (trachea), lungs Takes air into the body
Circulatory system Heart, blood vessels Carries oxygen and food around the body
Digestive system Mouth, gullet, stomach, intestines Breaks down our food
Flower Stamen, carpel Used for sexual reproduction in plants
Nervous system Brain, spinal cord, nerves Carries messages around the body
Sex cells are produced by the reproductive organs. In plants, these are contained
inside flowers. Sex cells are used for sexual reproduction which needs two parents.
The offspring from sexual reproduction are different from the parents; they are new
varieties.
stigma
Carpel: Anther:
style
this is the female the anther makes pollen grains, Stamen:
ovary the male sex cells.
reproductive organ. this is the male
ovule reproductive organ.
Each ovule contains an egg cell, filament
the female sex cell.
The pollen grains need to be carried to the stigma of another flower. They can be
carried by insects or the wind. The carrying of pollen from an anther to a stigma is
called pollination.
Once on the stigma, a pollen grain grows a

pollen tube which enters the ovule containing pollen tube
an egg cell. The nucleus from the pollen grain
then joins with the nucleus inside the egg cell. ovary
This is called fertilisation.
ovule
fertilisation
happens here
egg cell
Page 3 of 3
7Aa/1 Human body
7
A Name Class
a
7Aa/2 Human organs
7
A
a
STICK DOWN
1 5 THIS TAB ONLY
STICK DOWN
THIS TAB ONLY
7
4
STICK DOWN
THIS TAB ONLY
Cut out and stick the organs on the human outline.

Stick them on in order. Some have tabs that you need
to cut around – do not cut these off!
7Aa/3 Organs crossword
7
A Name Class
a
? Using the clues below, fill in the correct words on the crossword grid.
1 2
3 4 5
7 8
10
11
Across Down
1 The organ that controls our bodies. 2 Digestion happens in these.
3 This organ stores, churns up and 4 Different tissues group together to
starts to break down our food. form an _______.
7 It makes food for a plant. 5 It pumps the blood.
8 These hold a plant in place. 6 A colourful part of a plant.
9 This organ makes new substances 7 These take air into your body
for the body.
10 This part of a plant transports
water to the leaves.
11 These clean the blood.
S knowledge, literacy
7Aa/4 The microscope
7
Name Class A
a
? 1 Label the microscope using words from the box.
eyepiece lens
focusing wheel
mirror
objective lens
slide
stage
2 Use these clues to complete the crossword.

1 2 Across
4 Lens closest to the slide.
3 5 The specimen is placed on this.
6 You need this to see something
4
Down
1 Lens that you look down.
2 What the slide is placed on.
5
3 A wheel to make the image clear.
3 Here are some instructions on using a microscope. Put the number ‘1’ next
to the instruction you should do first. Put the number ‘2’ next to the
instruction you should do next and so on.
Look into the eyepiece lens.

Place the smallest objective lens over the hole in the stage.
Place the slide on the stage.
Turn the coarse focusing wheel until what you see is clear.
Turn the coarse focusing wheel to make the objective lens as
close to the stage as possible.
Adjust the light source.
S literacy, knowledge
7Aa/5 Where the
7
organs are
A Name Class
a
? 1 On the diagrams below, write the names

of the organs on the lines provided. Use brain intestines
the words in the box. leaf liver lung
root stem stomach
2 On the diagram of the human, draw in the position of the heart.
3 Select two of the human organs and explain what they do.
a
b
4 Select two of the plant organs and explain what they do.
a
b
7Aa/6 Organ transplants
7
Our organs are very important. If an organ goes wrong it usually leads to an illness A
and sometimes death. However, people’s lives can be saved by giving them an organ a
transplant. This involves taking an organ quickly from a dead person and putting it
into a person who needs it.
Many people carry a ‘Donor Card’. This card gives doctors permission to remove
organs from a person when they die. The organs can then be given to people who
need them. Many lives have been saved in this way but the number of organs needed
is much greater than the number available.
Kidney transplants are the most successful. Their job is to clean the blood and remove
poisonous substances. Luckily, we all have two kidneys and people can survive with
only one. However, if both go wrong then a transplant is needed. People who are
waiting for kidney transplants are kept alive by regularly having their blood cleaned
by a dialysis machine.
Other organs that can be transplanted are the heart, liver and lungs. The world’s first
heart transplant was carried out in South Africa in 1967 by Dr Christiaan Barnard.
Unfortunately, the man who received the new heart died 18 days later. This happened
because the man’s body attacked the new heart and stopped it working. The new
heart was rejected.
Rejection is a big problem in organ transplants. White cells in the blood patrol our
bodies searching for and attacking things that are not made by our own bodies. This is
normally useful, since our bodies get rid of many diseases in this way. However, the
white cells will also ‘see’ that a new organ has been made somewhere else and attack it.
Today, many new drugs have been developed to stop the white cells doing this. This
means that people who have had transplants can look forward to many years of life.
? 1 Describe what is meant by the words ‘organ transplant’.

2 Why do people carry ‘Donor Cards’?
3 Write down four organs that can be transplanted.
4 a What does a dialysis machine do?
b What organs normally do this job?
5 a Who carried out the first heart transplant?
b How long did the person who received this heart survive?
c Why did he die?
6 How do doctors ensure that a transplanted organ works successfully?
7Ab/1 Cell fact file
7
A Name Class
b
1 a Are these plant or animal cells?
b Which plant or animal are they from?
c Which part of the plant or animal are they from?
d Magnification
e Stain used (if any)
2 Use this circle to make a drawing of one or two of the cells and add labels.
3 Are there any other special features of these cells?
S observing, presenting
7Ab/2 It’s stained!
7
Name Class A
b
In this experiment you will be trying out different stains on some cells.
1 Use the table below to record your observations about the stains you have used.
You need to think which parts of the cell each stain worked on best.
Information Drawing of the cells Observations
Type of cell
Stain used
Type of cell
Stain used
Type of cell
Stain used
2 a Do you think you have done a ‘fair test’?

b Why?
3 a Which stain do you think is the best?

b Why?
S observing, considering
7Ab/3 Building
7
animal cells
A 1 Cut out the outline of the animal cell and the different parts.
b Stick the parts into the correct places on the outline.
Stick the outline into your book.
2 Label the cytoplasm, cell surface membrane and nucleus.
1 Animal cell
STICK
TAB
HERE
3
2
CUT THIS OUT AND

STICK IT INTO THE
CORRECT PART OF
THE CELL
TO COMPLETE YOUR CELL

CUT THIS SHAPE OUT AND
STICK THE TAB ONLY ON
THE SPACE MARKED
'STICK TAB HERE'
S knowledge
7Ab/4 Building plant cells
7
1 Cut out the outline of the plant cell and the different parts. A
Stick the parts into the correct places on the outline. b
Stick the outline into your book.
2 Label the cytoplasm, cell surface membrane, nucleus, cell
wall, vacuole and a chloroplast.
1 Plant cell
STICK
TAB
HERE
3
2
NEXT CUT OUT

THIS SHAPE
AND STICK IT ON
TO THE CORRECT
PART OF THE CELL
CUT ROUND THIS SHAPE FIRST
AND STICK IT ONTO
THE CELL OUTLINE
NOW CUT OUT

THESE SHAPES
AND STICK THEM
FINALLY CUT OUT THIS SHAPE
ON THE CORRECT
AND STICK THE TAB ONLY
PART OF THE CELL
ONTO THE SPACE MARKED
'STICK TAB HERE'
S knowledge
7Ab/5 Slide making
7
A Name Class
b
? 1 Fill in the missing words in the sentences below.

Use the words in the box. coverslip
a Cells need to be to see them eyepiece

magnified
clearly. We can use a to do this.
microscope
b When using a microscope, the thing we are looking at
objective
is called the and it is placed on a
slide
piece of glass called a . A drop of
specimen
water is also added and another thin piece of glass
called a is placed on top.
c The lens of the microscope that is closest to the object
we want to look at is called the
lens. The other lens is the lens.
2 From the next set of sentences, circle the three that are
the reasons we use a coverslip.
a To flatten the specimen.
b To stain the specimen.
c To magnify the specimen.
d To hold the specimen in place.
e To stop the specimen drying out.
f To heat up the specimen.
7Ab/6 Slides and
microscopes 7
Name Class A
b
? 1 Using the clues below, fill in this crossword.

1 2 Across
3 4 2 The specimen is put
on this.
5
3 The thin piece of
6 7 glass put on top of
the specimen.
8
6 All cells have one
of these.
8 Slides and
coverslips are made
of this.
Down
1 We should lower a coverslip using 4 A microscope has two of these.
a mounted . 5 All living things are made of these.
2 What we look at using a 7 Part of a theatre and part of a
microscope. microscope.
2 From the crossword, write down the letters in the shaded squares. Now
rearrange these letters to make a word. The word is something that all
plant cells have.
The word is .
3 Look at the diagram below. It shows somebody
making a slide. Label the parts on the diagram coverslip
using the words in the box. mounted needle
pipette
slide
specimen
7Ab/7 Plant and animal
7
cells
A Name Class
b
? 1 Draw lines from the words to the correct part of each cell.
The words can be used more than once or not at all.
cell surface
membrane
cell wall
chloroplasts
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuole
This is a diagram of an cell This is a diagram of a cell
2 In the blank space in the sentence underneath each

diagram, fill in the word plant or the word animal.
3 Draw lines from the parts of cells to their functions.
The first one has been done.
PART OF CELL FUNCTION
Tells the cell what to do.

Cell surface membrane
Keeps the cell together and controls
Chloroplasts what goes into and out of the cell.
A jelly-like substance. Many of the

Nucleus
cell’s activities happen here.
Cell wall A storage space filled with cell sap.
Green discs that allow the plant to

Cytoplasm
make food by photosynthesis.
Vacuole Supports the cell.
7Ab/8 Cells and
microscopes 7
Name Class A
b
? 1 Work out what the missing words are in the clues below.
Fill in the words on the grid.
a The cell surface controls what goes in and out of a cell.
b When you see a specimen clearly down a microscope, it is in .
c The lens is closest to the stage.
d A specimen is placed on a glass .
e The has a hole in it to let light through.
f The is found in plant cells. It is used for storing things.
g The is found in both plant and animal cells. It is like jelly.
a
2 The letters in the shaded part of the grid spell out a word.
a What is the word?
b What is the job of this part of a cell?
3 Fill in the correct magnifications in the table below.
Magnification of Magnification of Total magnification

eyepiece lens objective lens
¥5 ¥10
¥5 ¥40
¥10 ¥150
S literacy, numeracy, knowledge
7Ab/9 Spot the mistake
7
A Look carefully at the pictures below showing some pupils making slides
b and using microscopes. Explain what each pupil is doing wrong.
d e
S knowledge
7Ab/10 In the cells
7
A
? 1 Each of the following sentences has at least one
mistake in it. Rewrite each, correcting the mistakes.
b
a The vacuole contains a substance called
cytoplasm.
b Animal cells have a cell wall, a nucleus and
cytoclasm.
c Chloroform is a green substance found in
chloroplasts.
d Microscopes have two lenses, the eye lens and
the abject lens.
e The magnification of a microscope is worked out
by adding the magnifying power of the two
lenses together.
2 You are given a microscope which has three
objective lenses: ¥10, ¥20 and ¥40. The microscope
has two eyepiece lenses: ¥5 and ¥7.5. Make a table
like the one below to show all the possible
magnifications you could get.
Magnification of Magnification of Total magnification

eyepiece lens objective lens
S literacy, numeracy, knowledge
7Ab/11 Inside cells
7
A The microscope was invented in about 1590 by a Dutch spectacles maker called
b Zacharias Janssen. Since that time the microscope has helped scientists to discover
what plants and animals are made up of and how cells work. A light microscope, like
the ones most often used, can magnify things up to about ¥1500. Electron
microscopes can magnify things up to about ¥1 500 000.
Using electron microscopes, scientists have been able to see what cytoplasm is made
up of. It’s not just jelly! It contains lots of very small parts called organelles. One of
these organelles is the mitochondrion. Respiration happens inside the mitochondria.
Other organelles are used to make new chemicals.
To measure the sizes of very small things, scientists have to use units that are smaller
than millimetres. A micrometre (written ‘mm’) is 1/1000th of a millimetre; that is
1 mm = 0.001 mm. Animal cells are generally between 10 and 30 mm wide and plant
cells are between 10 and 100 mm.
? 1 What sort of microscopes are most often used in schools and

universities?
2 If a light microscope has an eyepiece lens of magnification ¥15,
what magnification of objective lens would be needed to get a
total magnification of ¥1500?
3 What would be the easiest type of microscope to use to look at:
a whole water fleas which are 3 mm long
b cell membranes?
4 Where are ‘organelles’ found?
5 a Name one type of ‘organelle’.
b Say what this organelle does in the cell.
6 a How big is 1 mm in micrometres?
b What is the symbol for a micrometre?
7 In millimetres, what range of sizes do animal cells come in?
8 If a cell which is 20 mm wide is looked at with a magnification
of ¥1500, how wide will it appear to be? Give your answer in
the most convenient units.
S literacy, knowledge, numeracy
7Ac/1 Special animal cells
7
Name Class A
c
? 1 Fill in the missing words in the sentences below. Use the words
in the box. Each word can be used more than once.
adapted
move
a Some cells have special jobs to do. They often have special
shapes to help them do their job. We say that these cells muscle
are to do their jobs. tissue
b A group of the same type of cells, all working together, is
called a .
c A group of muscle cells all grouped together is called
. Muscle cells
help us to .
2 Here is a drawing of a nerve cell.

a Write in the words cell surface
membrane, cytoplasm and
nucleus on the correct lines.
b How is its shape adapted to carry
messages around the body?
3 Here is a drawing of a ciliated

epithelial cell. How is it adapted to
remove dirt from people’s lungs?
7Ac/2 Special plant cells
7
A Name Class
c
? 1 Fill in the missing words in the sentences below.

Use the words in the box. hair
Plants have some special cells. root
a Some cells help to carry water around the plant. tissue
These are called cells.
xylem
b Some plant cells help to take water out of the ground.
These are called
cells.
c A group of the same type of cells, all working together,
is called a .
A
C
2 Here is a palisade cell.
It helps the plant to make
food. Which part of the B
D
cell does this? Circle the
correct letter.
3 Here is a xylem cell.
Which feature of the cell
helps it do its job?
.
D A
4 Here is a root hair cell.
a Which part of the cell
helps it do its job? B
Circle the correct letter.
C E
b On this drawing, what are the names of the parts

labelled A, B and C?
i A is the .
ii B is the .
iii C is the .
7Ac/3 Special cells
7
A
? 1 Here are some drawings of cells which are
adapted to do special jobs. Write the name of
ciliated epithelial c
each cell in your book. Use some of the words cytoplasm
in the box.
muscle nerve
nucleus palisade
root hair xylem
A B
C D
2 Of the drawings above, which ones are plant and which ones are animal cells?
3 a What is meant by the word adapted?
b Explain how the shape of the root hair cell is adapted to help it do its job.
4 Here is a picture of a nerve cell (neurone).
a Make a drawing of two nerve cells attached to each other.

b When nerve cells are joined in groups like this, what do they form?
c On your drawing label the nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm.
d What do nerves do?
e How does their shape help them do this?
7Ac/4 Cell theory
7
A Although Robert Hooke had discovered ‘cells’ in 1665, he did not understand the
c importance of his discovery. At that time, scientists knew that organisms were made
of tissues and organs but they thought that these were not living. It was believed that
only a whole organism was living, and that the parts that made it were not!
By the end of the eighteenth century, microscopes had improved so much that
scientists were able to see cells in plants. Plant cells were much easier to see than
animal cells because of their thick cell walls. Cell surface membranes, separating
individual animal cells, were too thin to be seen. Microscopes continued to become
more powerful and, in 1831, Robert Brown discovered a small, dark structure in each
plant cell which he called a nucleus (after the Latin for ‘small nut’, which is what he
thought it looked like).
In 1838 the importance of cells became clearer, when Mattias Schleiden came to the
conclusion that all plants were made of cells. The next year another scientist, Theodor
Schwann, discovered that all animals were also made from cells and that all living
things started from one cell. However, he thought that new plant cells sprouted off
from other cells. It was not until 1875 that Walther Fleming disproved this idea and
discovered how cell division occurs, with a cell splitting into two, down the middle.
Walther Fleming also developed the idea of staining cells so that he could see them
better.
This century, scientists have discovered a great deal about cells and how they work,
using the electron microscope which can see things in much more detail ever before.
? 1 In which year did Robert Hooke discover cells?

2 a Explain what the word ‘tissue’ means today.
b How does your answer to part a differ from what scientists thought in the
seventeenth century?
3 At the start of the second paragraph it says ‘By the end of the eighteenth
century, microscopes had improved so much …’ In what way do you think
they ‘improved’?
4 Why did scientists find cells in plants before finding them in animals?
5 What job of cell surface membranes is referred to in the text?
6 Who discovered the nucleus?
7 When did Theodor Schwann say that animals were made up of cells?
8 Draw a diagram to show how Theodor Schwann thought a new plant cell
would be made.
9 Name a stain that Walther Fleming might have used.
7Ad/1 Organ systems
7
Name Class A
d
? 1 Fill in the correct word in each of the sentences.

Use the words in the box. circulatory
a A group of organs working together is called an digestive
organ . leaves
b Plants take water in through their nervous
. The water travels up photosynthesis
the . Some of the water is roots
used to make food using . stem
A lot of the water is lost by the system
c Food is digested in the system.

d The heart is part of the system.
e The brain is part of the system.
2 On the diagram below, label the parts of the breathing system.
7Ad/2 Organ systems
7
wordsearch
A Name Class
d
You will need three different coloured pens. Fill in the colours here
This colour < > shows an organ in the digestive system.
This colour < > shows an organ in the breathing system.
This colour < > shows an organ in the circulatory system.
? These words are hidden in the grid below:
blood gullet heart intestines liver lungs
mouth stomach vessels windpipe
The words may be in any direction (even diagonally, but not backwards).
Once you have found a word, draw a line through it using the correct colour.
I N T E S T I N E S
H E A R T D S F G H
K L I U O Y M W G G
H T U O M G O I J U
G H L J A H U N J L
F B U H C J T D A L
B B N A H A H P H E
Z X G J H L I I V T
V E S S E L S P O T
F G O M L I V E R S
S literacy
7Ad/3 Cells, tissues,
organs and systems 7
Name Class A
d
? 1 a Label the parts of this cell.
b Which type of tissue does this cell form?

c Which organ might this tissue be found in?
d Which organ system would this organ be found in?
2 Which organ system:
a carries oxygen and food around the body?
b breaks down food?
c takes oxygen out of the air?
d carries messages around the body?
3 In the following sentences, one organ is not correct. Put a cross through the
wrong organ and write the name of the correct one in the space.
a The breathing system contains the lungs and intestines.
b The nervous system contains the brain and the little toe.
c The circulatory system contains the liver and blood vessels.
4 The drawing shows an animal cell.
a Draw two or three more diagrams to show the steps taken when this cell
splits into two.
b What is the name of this process? ..
c What are the two new cells called?
S knowledge
7Ad/4 Tissue matching
7
A Name Class
d
? 1 Complete the table to show what the name of each cell

is, what tissue it forms and which organs it is found in.
Name Tissue it forms Organ it is found in
2 In the space below, copy the pictures of the root hair cell and
the muscle cell. Make your drawings twice the size of the ones
in the table. Label their parts.
S knowledge, numeracy
7Ad/5 Matching organs
7
Name Class A
d
? 1 Find out what the excretory system is. Write down a couple of sentences
about it.
2 On the line beneath each organ, write its name. Then draw a line from each
organ to the organ system(s) it belongs in.
CIRCULATORY NERVOUS DIGESTIVE BREATHING EXCRETORY

SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM
S knowledge, research
7Ae/1 Flower dissection 1
7
A Name Class
e
Flowers contain the male and female reproductive organs of plants.
1 Look carefully at your flower. What plant is it from?

2 How many petals are there on your flower?
3 What colour are the petals?
Using tweezers, carefully take off the petals from one side of the flower so
that you can see the male and female reproductive organs. Your flower may
look similar to the one below.
A petal from the flower – stick in or draw The flower looks like this – draw a picture
the shape of one petal in this box. showing the flower with half the petals
taken off.
Now take off one stamen and remove the carpel. Stick them or draw them in the
boxes. Label their parts if you can.
The stamen looks like this. The carpel looks like this.
4 How many stamens are there in the flower?
S knowledge, observing, presenting
7Ae/2 Flower dissection 2
7
Flowers are organ systems which contain the male and female reproductive organs of A
plants. e
1 Look carefully at your flower. What plant is it from?
2 What are reproductive organs used for?
3 How many petals are there on your flower?
4 What colour are the petals?
Using tweezers, carefully take off the petals from one side of the flower so that you
can see the male and female reproductive organs.
5 Draw your flower and label the parts.

6 How many stamens are there in the flower?
7 a Which part of the flower is the male reproductive organ?
b What is the name of the sex cells that are produced here?
c In which part are these sex cells found?
8 a Which part of the flower is the female reproductive organ?
b What is the name of the sex cells that are produced here?
c What is the name of the containers that each sex cell is found in?
d In which part are these containers found?
Optional extra
Ask your teacher to cut the ovary in half. Examine the inside of the ovary with a
hand lens. Can you see the ovules?
9 a How many ovules are there?

b What colour are they?
S knowledge, observing, presenting
7Ae/3 Growing pollen
7
tubes 1
A Name Class
e
Which strength of sugar solution is best for growing pollen tubes?
P Apparatus
● Cavity slides ● Sugar solutions
● Coverslips ● Pipette
● Pollen ● Paintbrush
● Mounted needle ● Some stain
● Microscope
Method
1 Choose which strengths of sugar solution you are going to use.

Write them down.
2 Place a drop of sugar solution onto a slide.
3 Using a mounted needle or paintbrush, take some pollen and place it in the
sugar solution.
4 Carefully lower a coverslip onto the pollen.
5 Do steps 1–4 again, using a different strength of sugar solution.
6 Look carefully at both slides using a microscope.
7 Leave the slides in a warm place for 30 minutes and then look at them again.
Prediction
Write down which sugar solution you think will be best for growing pollen tubes.
Why do you think this?
Page 1 of 2
7Ae/3 Growing pollen tubes 1 (continued)
7
Recording your results A
Draw a picture of a pollen grain at the start of your experiment. Draw pictures to e
show what your pollen grains looked like after 30 minutes.
The drawing shows a pollen grain from a The picture shows the pollen grain after 30 The picture shows the pollen grain after 30
flower minutes in a sugar solution of strength minutes in a sugar solution of strength
at the start of the experiment. . .
Not all pollen grains will grow tubes.
Count 20 pollen grains in each type of sugar solution. Write down how many have
grown tubes:
In the sugar solution of strength , out of 20 grew tubes.
In the sugar solution of strength , out of 20 grew tubes.
Considering your results/conclusions

Which sugar solution made the pollen tubes grow best?
How do you know this?
Why is it a good idea to count only 20 pollen grains and not all of them?
Use your results to predict what would happen if you used water instead of a
sugar solution.
S knowledge, observing, presenting, considering

Page 2 of 2
7Ae/4 Growing pollen
7
tubes 2
A
How is pollen tube growth affected by different strengths of
e
sugar solution?
P Apparatus
● Cavity slides ● Sugar solutions
● Coverslips ● Pipette
● Pollen ● Paintbrush
● Mounted needle ● Some stain
● Microscope
Method
1 Choose which strengths of sugar solution you are going to use.
2 Place a drop of sugar solution onto a slide.
3 Using a mounted needle or paintbrush, take some pollen and place it in the
sugar solution.
4 Carefully lower a coverslip onto the pollen.
5 Do steps 1–4 again, for each different strength of sugar solution.
6 Look carefully at both slides using a microscope.
7 Leave the slides in a warm place and look at them after 30 minutes.
8 Think how you are going to measure the effect of the sugar solution. You
could try to find a way of measuring the lengths of the pollen tubes. Or you
could take a sample of 20 pollen grains in each type of sugar solution and
count how many have grown tubes.
1 Write down the name of the flower that your pollen came from.
2 Write down what you did.
Prediction
3 Make a prediction. Write down what you think will happen.
Page 1 of 2
7Ae/4 Growing pollen tubes 2 (continued)
7
Recording your results A
4 Make drawings to show what the pollen grains looked like at the start of the
e
experiment and what they looked like when pollen tubes were growing.
5 Draw a table of your results. You should include the strengths of sugar solutions
that you used. Also include the lengths of the tubes or the number that grew
tubes in your sample of 20.
6 Use the data in your table to draw a bar chart.
Considering your results/conclusions

7 a Which sugar solution allowed the best growth of pollen tubes?
b How do you know this?
c Do your results agree with your prediction? If not, explain why.
8 Use your results to say what you think would happen if you had used water
instead of sugar solution.
9 The stigma is responsible for producing sugar solution. The stigmas from different
plants produce different strengths of sugar solution. Use your results to say what
strength of sugar solution you think the stigma of this flower produces.
Evaluation
10 How might you improve this practical?
S knowledge, planning, observing, presenting, considering, evaluating
Page 2 of 2
7Ae/5 Inside a flower
7
A
e ? The drawings below show parts of a flower.
1 Cut out the outline of the flower and the different parts. Stick the other parts
in the correct place on the basic shape of the flower. Stick the outline into
your book.
2 Label as many of the parts as you can.
3 Colour in the female part of the flower.
4 One of the parts is labelled ‘sepal’. Try to find out what it does and
write this down.
Parts of a flower
✄
Sepal. The Sepal
Stick
flap
here
S knowledge, observing, research
7Ae/6 Pollination and
fertilisation 7
A
? 1 Look at the pictures below. Write numbers on the lines above each picture
to show the correct order in which pollination and fertilisation happen.
e
The male nucleus

The pollen grain The pollen grain
from the pollen An embryo forms.
grows a pollen tube. lands on the
joins the nucleus in It is found inside a
It grows towards stigma. This is
the egg cell. This is seed inside a fruit.
the egg cell. pollination.
fertilisation.
2 Draw lines from the ‘label boxes’ above to indicate what each picture shows.
3 On the diagrams label each of the following parts once.
egg cell fruit ovary pollen grain
pollen tube seed stigma style
7Ae/7 Looking at flowers
7
A Name Class
e
? 1 The drawing below shows a flower seen from above. Imagine

that the flower is cut down the middle along the dotted line.
cut
a Draw a picture of what you think the flower would look like inside.
b Label these parts on your drawing: anther, carpel, filament, ovary,
petal, stamen, stigma, style.
2 Explain what is meant by ‘sexual reproduction’.
3 What are ‘sex cells’?
4 Many flowers have sepals. Find out what sepals are for and write this down.
S literacy, knowledge, research, observing, presenting
7Ae/8 Plant fertilisation
7
Name Class A
e
? 1 The drawing below shows a pollen tube starting to grow.
a Complete the drawing to show where the pollen tube will end up.
b Label the parts of the diagram. Use the words in the box.
egg cell ovary ovule pollen grain pollen tube stigma style
2 Fill in the missing words in the following sentences.

Use the words in the box. Each word may be used more
than once.
When a grain lands on a
egg
, a pollen
embryo
starts to grow. This grows down the
fertilisation
and into the ovary. It then grows towards an
nucleus
. Here it finds an
ovule
cell. The nucleus from the pollen
pollen
then joins with the in the
seed
cell. This is called
stigma
. An now
style
grows inside the ovule. The ovule turns into
tube
a .
7Ae/9 Variety
7
A Sexual reproduction allows features from two plants to be mixed together. The new
e plant is a new variety. Think about red and green apples. They are all apples and so
are the same species. The different apples are different varieties.
? 1 Look at the plants below.

a Which feature of plant C comes from plant A?
b Which feature of plant C comes from plant B?
A B C
2 Look at these plants.
+ +
V W X Y Z
a Which feature of plant X comes from plant V?

b Which feature of plant W is found in plant Z?
c What are the differences between plants X and Y?
d Which features of plant Z come from plant X?
e Which feature of plant Z comes from plant Y?
3 Suppose you are a plant breeder.

Which of these plants would you
use to try to make plants with
D E F
the following features?
a A plant that was tall, with round leaves and flowers with 6 petals.
b A plant that was short, with round leaves and flowers with 4 petals.
c In fact, getting the variety of plant you want is not quite that simple! The
features of the parent plants may or may not end up in the new plant.
Make a table to show eight different mixtures of features you might get
in a new plant produced from plants D and F.
S knowledge, observation

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7A Quick Quiz

7Aa 2 On the drawing of the animal cell, what

A stomach B hand A specimen. B kingdom.

2 Know what organs are made of.

3 Know the names and positions of the

3 Know the basic parts of and how to

7Ac 1 Know what a tissue is.

2 Know how some animal cells

7Ad 1 Know what an organ system is.

2 Know the names of some common

3 Know what fertilisation is.

4 Know how fertilisation happens in

7Aa – Human organs/Organisation/Seeing is believing

7Ac – Shaped for the job

7Ae – A seedy story

1 Label the parts of the microscope. Use these words:

All living things are made up of .

b Give an example of a tissue found in humans.

End of Unit Test marks

Exploring Science for QCA Teacher’s Guide 7 © Pearson Education 2002 41

Cytoplasm. This is a jelly-like

Cells are very small. A microscope is used to see them.

To use a microscope you:

vi Turn the focusing wheel until what

Cilated epithelial cells

Organs have very important jobs:

Organ system Organs Job

Once on the stigma, a pollen grain grows a

Cut out and stick the organs on the human outline.

? 1 Label the microscope using words from the box.

2 Use these clues to complete the crossword.

Look into the eyepiece lens.

? 1 On the diagrams below, write the names

2 On the diagram of the human, draw in the position of the heart.

? 1 Describe what is meant by the words ‘organ transplant’.

b Which plant or animal are they from?

c Which part of the plant or animal are they from?

3 Are there any other special features of these cells?

Information Drawing of the cells Observations

2 a Do you think you have done a ‘fair test’?

3 a Which stain do you think is the best?

CUT THIS OUT AND

TO COMPLETE YOUR CELL

NEXT CUT OUT

NOW CUT OUT

? 1 Fill in the missing words in the sentences below.

a Cells need to be to see them eyepiece

? 1 Using the clues below, fill in this crossword.

2 In the blank space in the sentence underneath each

PART OF CELL FUNCTION

Tells the cell what to do.

A jelly-like substance. Many of the

Cell wall A storage space filled with cell sap.

Green discs that allow the plant to

Vacuole Supports the cell.

3 Fill in the correct magnifications in the table below.

Magnification of Magnification of Total magnification

S literacy, numeracy, knowledge

Magnification of Magnification of Total magnification

S literacy, numeracy, knowledge

? 1 What sort of microscopes are most often used in schools and

S literacy, knowledge, numeracy

2 Here is a drawing of a nerve cell.