7 CHEricar EacrurBRIA hamim The Ucbnium eonstont Ke @ kp: Kp i Fhe eyuitibninm constant= when pressiae ts lone um constant whin concentrAlon cornice dod. Ke the quel for a gersial ssnchien : ma ina ahet é anne ty we the mumbink oy moll ww the afore Att dhvomebe quatsin). k= cer’ £01" s arian oo * amolts of revelint B 1 coneenbotion % revit B @ . writer an expression for Ke : @ Ne y + 3H @, = NH, g> Solution : A [aie] Kes epee [02] [2] Z =~ Grote) ou mos dm Grote?) (mot jae Scanned with CamScanner® 260, gt am SF 250s 2plitian : Ree [sy [00J* [02] a S [rot m2] SS a ay Jpn} Erte = wad 5 on a5 Hog * Tg = 9 Re = eRe et XS oe eae Feobtem: (D Error readlh vsi'th. Cbirnote actol to form ethy L ethonoele” Ff wotr CHz COOH Gs + GHsOH|, = CH, COOCDHS i + HO ethane aca etharok ely bettancole wal 500 em? of the rian mexhon al equrctrbwium eanter'nedh 0-295 mal % erence awl G 010350 mol 4 ethanol Scanned with CamScannergether with 0-182 moe y eye enone aaa mot a walt. Une ts dete te ool ce % Ky fon Bus mention . Pobtions: = cg (ootaHs + 4200, + Cats OHg, (7 cH3COONG, as ale mo: 0295 0025 ca cgctibreinm [eatst00H] [Leonsott] x 01182 x2 so0x10* nit - ponte 0 0:0350 2s, * Sone? 500 KIC 50 1D 0: 470 xX 0° 070 Scanned with CamScannerProbl : (2) froparuns. pene with Ayden ie os > ND Hs polos’ + cqisencHa ct Ce ca aac Oe > back” asaguy fe | proponent "Fonte g.osp0 motdr” Cle a4 ry yt te OH -4 py dsogere gyorncle ah AL euclibniom te A mccton S p00 wld? quonibrium at 10 temp conerpalon % paleo Ke 4 ee jy 0:02.33 amv moldrr?. cy prodbecl” patton Jolla + crincoth, + HEN <= CHE C(OH) (CN) CH, initial 00500 210 202. 2 ene: OFX = 010233 Equctibeniuen 0: 0500 =x. 0 0500 -% Ae x= 01023 0. 0500 ~ 0: 6233 0: 0267 = 0:0267 Scanned with CamScannerL ag e(oH) (OV) Hs) OEE Gis Stoll Chal Ke = [evig cacti J Her] = 09-0233 Baca 026 poae lh 22040 aa tan’ mel 2, fn Comat ¢ z wad ohm feesum: @) Movs Aes: cyt seals’ carlo gos the fol a Aeodhion, Clty D2 Cos + H20 SS GHsOH + CHy CO2H , Hy?) a ethanol wore mcxed Equal auourls Ye ethonote aol & i 24 {allowed te reach equal brian, ab equate balun te esmant oLon of bot Homie ack ¢ edonol were O42 moldm* ustat 1h Ue guctebaium conurtralen 4H ester 2 Scanned with CamScannerdolutien : = + CgHs0H + tH,WoH <= CHa C02 CaHs H20 oe (0) if j 22 oun oun is e208 = [ets o2cots | LH20 5 fers G2 erste kee 5 5a [eats OH} [eHacoor} ol eee) Bl jour} [orn] as Be Se oor” BTby are 0:65%3 wee OBI a rot 477 fobim: @ phe poathin pehveur sulfur oars & oxygen % severe ble, 250 g) +O wy = 2602 Gg, ke = £80 70 dm” at 1000 K In on qytlibsyum miahee ot 1000k the Sulfer, proud. wonantalion 14 6:00 mruldm? The Aulfur diode wnankalen iy povee the eX y Gen cone Scanned with CamScannerwhat iS the gulfun aionvctte voncertnation ? Aolution + 2.50, g) t Or @ me 2 8 2z is af Ee ipeosde 366 Ke = = : 202 —> [obs] [02] 1 ae gg = 0-38 ABO = => Ca(D ot = 2(0°!8) = 9-636 melden” fale © pedute the oncts of Kp for “the fem flees rendbion’ ; N204 q) SS 2Nbs Gg oe expression qe egylibsniuen watson 15: kp =P CbayO_ Ppl? (Ned ) pas Pe Scanned with CamScannerProblem : © ; pee. Bg at 4 Kp for wthe doliowing pavtlions: 250, g, + O w@ EG Aanatien' The quik baum expression ih hee PPD geet P(s00)€ Fb2) pa> = a = fa Pon frothion: (Coo) ne me of mole bes we mote gGrachin 2 1 ( lor) © o CHa oO HB A vessel cont aud we fev gos RGB Scanned with CamScannerNumber op moles Ges A 2 i of en epee or nen Total numba y mols = At e Mole jrocleon % qos Aa eh Bs %B ” " " 4 the mok Faaelien ym Aes: 3 te no of mous of cnet J peal rumbr % mols a "A+B ‘ e m+ 7B mole frochen 1s unct Lesh, Wee A "B Ah + = + prare m+ 'B "A+B fe nna + B Dhar 8 = all Bo, the pur of the mole frosliin % atl The comppunent og gs Apter uals fp ore Scanned with CamScannerPasrtial Pressure : The pressure ererted py a porsader Gor pon tieter. a mith i's the porfial praise 4 thot 7 Partial presse = Mole frailin X Total pressor Me gee Gah aX fr. Probar : (1) 2 NOC gy = 2N0, g + tae) 1 mol gp miboryl chlonide wos plowd wv a sealed contain GF punted » Equclebreurr wo peoohid whur 22.0 4, y he nibosyg — chborede for beresversel dissociated . The prose iv he ves wos $:0 alm , Glelole the vali Y Ky at Wid tempradrr, Bake itd unrts. Aoludion: 2 Nott G> =S 2N0 gg F M2 Initial mole 1 ° o Scanned with CamScanner1-022 o-ll a 92 qyslecbutarn . 0 Telok f vr ae = 0: 8+ 0224 Oo = pil ok ' 92. | X(WOCL) = out » «(Woy = %22 x@.)- 2, ‘ _ oll eine 2 OHRe pe ay xs AG ** = 3:5) aloo = 0:990 alm = 0-495 alr gets ke = P (wo + P (elo d P “(oct = 0:70 atm) (0495 alm) (3:5) atm > = 0: 0393 alm. Scanned with CamScannerAecd : ib we Acomtirg fo Bromeed ~ Lowry concert acd oe aubstarie Wat doroles Ht an bh onthe FO: Example: (deal i tee oO He Nits gt H20@, = NHy ap ey aaa - + Hel0y + CHa COOH = Choy” + Hy COOH, acd base Base : According to Bronsted -Lassry conugt hare 1% * . pubrtance taal peaptry,H* un from another, Apees. a Hot +t NHy —> Mie Ay + Scanned with CamScannergully nied the gn polilion . eqn Het, HNO0s , H2S0y ete am ahora acd . weak atl wan avo portially dorcel Wy aguspus Aolulor Aw exg-- HCOOH, CHa oH te ae rea anid. pH yolucd : universal wdeolr on pH motor oe dade We Or We vob & pubrtere 0 aude, «aes tone pH volar belers PH 7. + atkalts Fowe pl valu above pl it. alkaline ar mautcol. a routral solution has a pH volue % exachy 7. notes j color on dhe verh'ot Aectton 4 me gre aa juctable for Uiabon Scanned with CamScannerNeabtabirction seatlions : wile Aa) E Neudraylrolon necclion whire on col packs vote ow alkali to form a neilral olution Ba salt ¢ waltr.. ee Ha + NoadH — Nou + H20 hed Bose peal cook Titnalion : A tiialun wv a techriyne whine a solation aie: Cantindialen i tel: de cherie tee iteenbaton | *f pa unknowsr solution Firion wv? ae vith, song bates : @ Senge a joerg graphy was fort dhe pH chowges qohun 0-100 moe gota Aydnenide (a dh base) 0-100 a Bw ules de (ecatel watth 0100 mold * pydrockbome awl @ aed, aut) vx the preene % penodphthalen dolor Scanned with CamScannera £ pH of pias, contents & of 4 € 8 @ 2 ™ & 1% fo #2 34 3% 28 2% BL f 4 volume % Or100 mold"? Hol cctded Jer A song avith- atreng bane U'tabion with phenolptralen os ondealer, req. | blaa bromo thy mot blue ‘s yeliors Oo 2 4 6 8 to 12 M 16 1B 20 $2 ay 24 2g go $2 Fa, A sheng ae “peg boxe Adlon 294 th romeo ty mot ble as urcrelor . Scanned with CamScannerD Seong aorl with weak. Lesh: : mold > Ths Shows foro “the pH chowges wher 0100 a 3 finateh VT agusous ammonia (a weak base) tio : -d). 0: (00 mol drs > mite awd Co abiong 0% ) z ’ PH of fimk contol soo T ws 32 See eee Oe 22 ey te at fo weak base Jorr® a 4% strong oh addeel Figs A gpk arg aa wer hare dctrabion . Thake rerullk show; sa soap fell Gv the Groph behwenm pH ps d pH 3s + that Tha midpoint oy “Une Stu alupe 0h at about pHs, Scanned with CamScanner© quake ouiels rotth Biren poxh: wh 0100 Th sows teak poe “the pH ne ash grokdon’? agyenus ool urn fy deoide a i: sate. with 0-400 oldm3 ynzoce awl (a auoalk avd) mw pH y forte contents 4 6 12 16 2p 2H 28 32 3 x bese] om Volume f weal, ard addi tO ac if : vol = Aer H'treler Fe A typicae weal acrcdl- At oa bore d'trahen There esults shor: a sharp foul uv the qoph: tne betwran pH i dg ph 15 thed Une mute pointe a the actp plpe chat about pH 9. Scanned with CamScanner(A) weak aos yrith seo baw : Thch shows fer the pl dongeh whe OF agyecus ammonroe (a weak bare) aud (a weak aud), (00 utd > py viata with 0:40 mold7s* agueous — benroel a ea =< enk-prinl” tometer. bier ges and 90°5 om? pH of feosk. conten nN o » le A 8 1D 1 4 2y 26 32 Yolure F peak ana - weak bare poten apa “ype peak aide ~ werk bare giltaben bs Pali ghaan tat GAY I, a ae, OE BOA bine. No and ~ bme padstolorx (s suitable detonate enol = point a this punchion , In ee example phen , promo Cryrnol blue Scanned with CamScanner@ COq) + 2H, = ¢H30H 0 mole oul 39'5 13 staat i : B85 = 785 aqul. 4:0 a70 mole 0-490 rok. 0. 0127 Orta frochon 24-5 porriad 0:6%T ae presse (ays —atm ge Geet) beara pe WS Zs Kp * ate = 0: 0626 atri® (24 4)" x(0-6 37) | @ @ [eltg oocHsCHs |[ H20] Ucths COOHTL cla CH, OH] Scanned with CamScanner(Dp statu- mola Qui 4 mods OnitsA Gy @ amokd al- start gut mmoles CHacoOH + CHaCh, OH SP cHacooth, CHa + H20 0-30 psge oe, 0-40 i 5.36 0-35 ap o:!0 fove concelled ench other. 26 X 0:35 207 2G E022 0x6 X O10 CHa (lp Cood + CH30H = Chath, CoocH, + Hy O 0-52 0-7 o Ve 0: 2 Ole o-2l ral ke = O21 XPY) 0-3) X O16 = Sr 97 Scanned with CamScannerMoler % Noo = total mols 4 aewol = penn $82 2 ovOne /ooo Mok CHa, COOH t= 0:04S — 0-005 ¢ “4 = 0-040 te oe moh 3 CHalHg, OH ot quel bsium = O 140 rr Uy COOH, CH, 1 Nn = 0-080 nt " 20 rs noe 038k 0-080 0: 35% fe hy 2 DSp PSF ai 0-040 9-94 Tx ane) = S42 © 4H gt Og, == 2U5 G+ 220g, AH=-# © equi beulure move dy ght fo replae dust water bo gull bacum more Ao ruight fo remove ool on Yager, Scanned with CamScanner© prope Bb hnowsed 30 epuchibrinm moves reght we olimel-ion % fer melts Reduce — preeshuar & equcibelum moves to gt i endo tame lkauction fe peclirce turpratre Gs quit brtun dos not move as Fortvard and nwerre peachoni are gelng posta by Une Aame amount © @ 250, gt O% gq ~* 28059, AH= —ve lor temperature or tir voll jovuur the exo thenmee pantheon dimdion, whl js Ts forward neadhin.. retereh 1s beg grab , 05 WIS wi Zovour the atindhin ete abiing the Geb ruth whedh 1s te tonwonral aiechon, Scanned with CamScanner@® Plt ® Re Pet, gt My AHe +ve krgh tempooton , ap WA we favour the erolo theme direchion wheel i+ tee the fonworl nection , areas The Ban Males white ty tha fo otirection . © het eg *? 2Htg AH =- low temparator as this toyour Whe exotheanna any prvswe. , a, there is no harge we Le numb 4 ge noth , G) HeooH mt HaHa, ** HOO MH, + Mea, AH=0 amy th tempowatirne | OS We ts my eaothermin ah endo theme oltseclion any pressure » or ane 12 no change B Be number % roles Scanned with CamScanner® No @ + Bh G) =: 2nHs a, AH = -ve ite in pooh at bph tempastuns @ neathen 18 ders at der fempurfor o © cagensive guipement Ip ruddh jon high prs wren @ yretel 1d 0% at Low proswur yuathon ss slow at tro predrusns. Scanned with CamScanneri P Color at Color at i le e Name of Indicator, lower pH PH range higher pH r i methyl violet | yellow | 0.0 - 1.6 thymol blue 1.2-2.8 bromophenol blue yellow 2.8 - 4.6 methyl orange ee 3.2 -4.4 bromocresol green yellow 3.8 - 5.4 bromothymolblue | yellow | 6.0-7.6 thymol blue | yellow | 8.0 - 9.6 phenolphthalein | colorless | 8.2 - 10.0 alizarin yellow Scanned with CamScanner