Preparation of carboxylic aci Gy Oxia rinreny olestel 5 = eS = Princeny oleokhy wrlengo oxidation wit addifua HeeHOg or KO ctr, Bree conborylic eid! Jig abestict: is tind. oxidiacd +o an dckale, and en te cankoxglic. acid - RS i i Blesphe: 1 ReHOH EHO, pero a. Reoon HRS, FeSO Che HOH agree chycHo a etijeoon Remget Wty + HO, X Condition: Hast . Reeckion type: Oxidation. (ii) Hydrolysis of Nitriles: When a nitrile is refluxed with dilute hydrochloric acid, hydrolysis occurs. The -CN group at the end of the hydrocarbon chain is converted to the COOH group, forming a carboxylic acid. For example: CHsCH2CN + HCI +2H;0 ———» CHsCH2COOH + NH«Cl Propanenitrile Propanoie acid Scanned with CamScanner(iii) Hydrolysis of Esters: n By ee add Aydnelyaln 4 ake, conbouglic aud and. clectet oe Aone | Ada Agdnstyaia * vendo Cartel 2 coon’ + Hy LEE RCOOH. + ROH Hy COOG Hy + HO DE cnycooh + {HoH comdidion : Head vendin repli, orth, ‘dabedis geld, me - Ry dAishs 3 xe Abele Ry A TS Te Uhl ea st enter, rodiumr nalts contonalc acid and atestp| ee dystonic, aa Bramphe: ReooR + Neon’ —b ReooNe + RON eHscoogHs +NacH —> eh coon + GHsOH Condon: yy ded neptune A onuimn Redivon Agdnonidas, Scanned with CamScannerReaction of carboxylic acid: Pp Reaiom HE conbonylic adidas — 6) Redecdzom AL Lily t= WOOT conbonghic atide ow Dedede bithiee tebeady dttdSaton met (Hite atuoinivinn Agdnides in ding alerhes one tonmed, Example; a LiALHy ; ; fl chy —S-0n >. cHyeroH | craton: Dinretve im Any ~cther , Goblesed lay Beydnabta| with HA, . hess. Redgent: Linky 4 (Raadia, type: Reduction . fs Li ate, : chy —cty — coon Ata a ° AL cn, —e — cy E-0n LAA g Scanned with CamScannerWD Sete powrtion:- Pea: Canbewgic adn nendh Ayaitduiden, canbonatin @nde Weanluonaten te Bim pelt idy | conbonybic Exoaple: eid, 7 eee coy — Boon ¢ aot > cay - Egle, + HP ° : ge oF ie at gets Loon 4 naets oo deme ENE MET 7 8 ss 0+4¢0} cy —Poon + riafebt AMHCO, > Hs SOR + ee the aids cam ba naqenenaleh by treating Soom pay uch. deh Ha on R50, en, few 4 Hel > eng dco NEL. (ii) Reaction with metal: DB Ruachon wth meal t. Conborgle aed mach with ome + “Pome rmatel nalt od convorglic ead and Ag dnogen ae. Example’, Mg (9) +.2.CH,COOH lp) (cH, £00)", (4) + by rwegnaiun transit ead Moguniuna ethemoatt Scanned with CamScanner(v) Reaction with metal carbonate: * Regction. with metal eanboneke + _ Conboryle cud penal vley OER ruad uit. metal conbonale ty for weld) calf qe Canboxylie aud, canbon dioxide and Nebr. Bewplet ACH, COOH OL) + NCQ, (9) > 2 cHyCOONA (4) 4 Coy) Sodiurn cree HO (v) Esterification with alcohols: A conmontlic aids aE itt oleeheP in prin iebian acd catelyt te tenm eaten amd water. 3 ‘ Gnbowilic add + ateotel Mis cet + Infoten . aes ee Ht Sets + Ho eHyeoeH + GHZOH TS cHyeoOGr : Edtgh setramcoti, Ht 2 EHSOH + 1 cH COOH Scanned with CamScannerBate. ber coer were fy R-emon + Maes —> FR Up Nahe, = RPO coon + CA cay Ab MO + coca) + RO & R-cooM ‘ eceum, ChamwaKon! pinging | Bbbenve nent WK peoo ery + 2° Ce) Recon + CHO SS REG MHS Obravetions Bye nett Esters Esterification with carboxylic acid: Alcohols react with carboxylic acid in presence of an acid catalyst to form ester and water. ° U — gSOx oe GaHsOH + CHaC. — chs’ oe OH ‘OC2Hs ethanol —_ethanoic acid ethyl ethanoate water H2SOx CH3CH2COOH + C2zHs0H == propanol acid ethanol CH3CHzCOOC2Hs + H20 ‘ethyl propanoate water Scanned with CamScannerCmbowwlic add + ateotel HS Eat + Wleotn. Reh: - . Z % o encod + Qson TE cHycoog tts + Hef Edy ter enon + ea eH COOH — g G) Ada tadnetyain cypwrbar 35 ag AED and Rydralnts {E Aker, conbowybie arid amt alechat on tonted ratte 2 coon’ + 16 tthiReoon. + ROM Hy coog ts + Ho BE cn, coon + GHsOH Condition: Med Undan naplan arity dileb acid’ i i be] Bean plet= > ReeOR + NaOH “+ -ReooNa + ROH en scoog hs + ARON —> eryecena+GneeH | Condon: ly Udin nebheee St myn pedi Bynes de | with acid. H(aq) = CH,COOCH,CH,+H,O == . oh, ,COOH + CH,CH,OH with alkali CH,COOCH,CH, + NaOH > CH,COO-Na*+ cacet0n 9 Scanned with CamScanner