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  • Το Ευρωπαικό Πλαίσιο του αγώνα για την αγροτική μεταρρύθμιση. Οι σοσιαλιστές και το αγροτικό ζήτημα

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    Σπύρος Μαρκέτος
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    Συνέδριο Δήμου Πυλαρέων 2006

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    Συνέδριο Δήμου Πυλαρέων 2006

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    22 views11 pages

    Το Ευρωπαικό Πλαίσιο του αγώνα για την αγροτική μεταρρύθμιση. Οι σοσιαλιστές και το αγροτικό ζήτημα

    Uploaded by

    Σπύρος Μαρκέτος
    Συνέδριο Δήμου Πυλαρέων 2006

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    AHMOZX NYAAPEQN 2ve0g Mapxetos TO EYPQUAIKO MAAIZIO TOY ATQNA TIA THN ATPOTIKH METAPPYOMIZH: OI LOLIAAIZTEY KAI TO ATPOTIKO ZHTHMA EMIZTHMONIKO EYNEAPIO MAPINOX ANTYNAY (1872 - 1907) ATIA EYOHMIA, 16-19 MAPTIOY 2006 NPAKTIKA TOMOE A” ANATYNO ATIA EYOHMIA 2009 Xnvooc Magxéros TO EYPQTIAIKO IAAIZIO TOY ATQNA TIA THN ALPOTIKH METAPPYOMIZH: OI LOLIAATETEL KAI TO ATPOTIKO ZHTHMA Me 10 pyo tov Kot pe to Cdvatd tov o Mapivog Avtinac avabset- XONKE Ge LEptUPAG Tov aywdva yl THY CLYpoTIKT) UETapptOuLON. Baoi- K6¢ Ot6X0s HVTOD tov arydvee Tt TN LEtaPiBaon tS yn¢ and tov< [Le- yohoxtnpaties h tous TOLPALKOHYOVS OTOUC AYPTES TOD THY KoARep- yovbouy. H aypotuxr petappvepion Arav to Baorks otc tov Qto- XOV orypotdv Koa omotédece pio. and TG OTMAVTIKSTEPES KOLVOVIKES, HEtappveytcets tov 1900 Kou Tov 2000 onrdve.. ZImy EdAGda: dpyioe pe OTAOLMOSKS TPdXO opgows WET TV Enovéotaon tov 1821 Kou Sev OLOKANPHONKE Tape USVO OTH Héd0 TOV 2008 aladve, Leth Tov Eupy- P10, OMOTEAVtAG NEV TIS HO. Od Tg Mo ExtetoEevEs Kan piCoonacti- kés Wetappvepiceig oASKANPNS TS Evpémne. Oi cosiadatés Stadpa- HOitisav KevtpLKd pd20 otHV Tpaypotonoinay tc, Wias otc tehev- Tales Ts PdoEIG, CAG MY VEOOTIPLEAV Kon GdAec moAtiKés Suveperc. Aev mpénet mévtes vo. BEWPOTLE TOS 1 LYPOTLKT) HETapPLBLLON Hrav Eva avtovéntos o16x%0g Tov GooLadtoTIKdV Koppdtov.' Ot coctaAt- sté& tov 190v cadiva: avtetamav opryave. ty ye@pyto: Kon tg KOL- vovixés Svvapers ts vraiOpov. Kabis ov evpwnaixécs Kowovies napé- Jevav Katé. KOpLO Ddyo aypotiKés, TTALV cLvOLLEV6LEVO 7 Optotepe vo. diet tx aypotuKé mpoBArparta, dev ATAV das avTOVENtOS OTbY05 TULMaYia tov epyariKaY KOULdTOV HE TOUS opdtEs, aKdUN Kon [Ee tous Mporetapronomnpévovc. E’ avd ovvtéAece exions 0 Tpdmoc pe tov « Mic: owoivie} negovotaan ms avdamvEns me agwotegas cavnj my reol0d0 BA. oto eEat- retud OMpaverxs Eoyo tov Geoll Eley, Bevonlataivras ry Smtoxgaria. Hitoola tye agtare- ‘ds ory» Evgeiarn a6 r0 1850 uéz01 10 2000, SapGAkas, AOrve 2007 94 STYPOE MAPKETOS onoio apopoimoay tov apsopd ta LoXUPOTEPG, ANS TO, GOOLAALOTKE KOupata,, Qotd6d0, HSN and to 1848 7 Koppovviotik) Opoonovéta, otny onoto. petetye o Kapd Mapé, dratiinwoe éva. otoryerades aypott- K6 Mpdypopua, Tov Teprrdupave tHV eOvikooinon tav déovdav KaL TOV DIOOHKIKAY SiKALaLGTOV KBs Kat THY EvolKicon EBVLKAY you- Ov cE enipoptoug KaAMEpyntéc”. to eAANVIKG «IIpdtvm Baciheo» EKTANPAENKAY, NE OROTEAEOLO. THY GVENON TOV LLKpOiSLOK TH TeV, On- MOV TUK OLTHLOTE TOV. Apyotepa, ot LooiaArotuKt] AveOvi} («TIpatn AteOvric») ovyKkpov- OTNKAV OL TpOvVtOVIKOt awolfaroxpdtec (mutuellistes), tov vroTrpI- Conv thy eypottK StoK tI Gict Kot TO SLVETAIPLOLLS TOV TAPAyaYaY, Le TOUS «KOALEKTIBLOTEG», OL ONOLOL LSIVELV MPOTEPALSTNTASTHY KOALTLKT TOA) Kou NOEov vo. EBvIKOTOU|GOvY tH yn’. Lto Lvvédpto tH¢ Bao Asiac, to 1869, exuxpdtnoay ot teAevtatol, AAA 7 Overton ovvExi- otnke. O Map, kpivovtac nu 7 SvVOPLKT TOV KATITAALOLOU EKTUALO- odtav Kvpias otous AOUG toLeic THG KOpaywyric, Sev coxodOnKe AVOAUTLKE Le Ty yeapyic,, HAAG RAVTOS, TPOTPEXOVTS TOV OTMEPIVOV OlKOAGYOV, OpapatiotnKe, GTN Bon THC VTOTAYT\¢ TNS Yewpyias oto xépdoc, tT) «ovverdnytH}, eSopBohoytouevy xprjon tov eScpovs wc eouet Wrox ty oias tng KOLVOTH TAG, ws avaaAOTpiwtns rpobmdAEoNs mOV E- mupénet vo.opvexiCeran 7 SiaSoyt tov avOpdmvav yevedv»", Eve Ge00- povse axapaitnty thy cypotiKt LetappvOyiton, Sev tnv éBreme wc ép- YO TOV GOTLAMOLOY, OAAG avtieta. wc MpodNdGEON Ya. THY OAOKAI- PHOT Tov KamtaAopLov'. Ta ovUgépovte TOV LLOPwTOD aypepye™y tavtiCovtay pe exetva Tov mpohetépiov tov TdE@V®. AKIN KL Evas, YOpiKbs LKpoidtoK tts LLMOpOvoE Vv’ AVI|KEL GTO TPOAETAPLETO, YO- pic o i8to¢ vo. to ovtt AaB éeveton: ov 1 yn tov Papvvdtay Le vTOOT| KES, 2. BA. Karl Kautsky, La Politique agraire du Parti Socialiste, (3. 209), émag xagarriBeran o& Compére - Morel, Le Socialisme et la Terre, Edition du Parti Socialiste (S.F.1.O.), Librairie Populaire, Hagio.*1927, 0. 12. 3. BA, Athar Hussain, Keith Tribe, Marism and the Agrarian Question, Macmillan, Aovdtvo 1983, 0.11. 4, Bh. ua dapogewar uerdpoaon oe Kag?. Mags, To Kepddaio, werdqgaan Tavyy A. Exou- owe, T6LT”, Avak(uavdgos, AGrivay.x..0. 1024. S. Bh. Kagh Mag, To Kepddaio, werdipgaon I. Exovguim, 6.%., 00. 1018, 991 om, 768 x." Karl Marx, Grundrisse, translated by Martin Nicolaus, Pelican, Xégnovtlovegd 1973, 0.277. 6, BA. Karl Marx, «A comment on Bakunin», [1875], oe K. Marx, F. Engels, V. I. Lenin, Anar- chismand Anarchosyndicalism, Progress Publishers, Méayct 1974, oa. 148-149, Ol SOXIAAINTEY KAI TO ATPOTIKO ZHTHMA 95 OMY npayLaTKdmTa MY KORLEPyobsE YL. oyapico}s éAAov". Mé- Mota o Mapé rioteve mas yo. AGYOUS TOALTLKT|S TAKTLKTS TN EPYATLKT THEN Enpene va KataPdAE KOE TPOOTAOELA, Hote Vo UNV onoEevdoet Tous aypotEec: «to nporetapisto Sev npénet vo. EpGEt cE avoryti] ov- YKpovon HE Tous aypétec, Suaknpbocovtac Adyou xGpN THY KotEpyN- ON TIS KATNPOVOPLKT|s LETABIBaoNs TNS YNS 1] THY KOTEpyT|ON TNS LdL0- Ktoiac, H terevtoda eivon Svvett] LOvov axpod PATE O KAMITAAO TIS YOROKTH LOVES ato ROTPLAGEL TOV YOPLKG, ON6TE EKEtVOS TOD TPEyLLC- trepydcetat ot yn yivetar pLcdatds epyAtnc, SAV KOI TOV Epyaitn TNS TANS, KL GoVERdS OVUTINTODY EVOEWS TA GUUPEPOVTE TOUS”. Qot600, to Keipevo Tov NEpretxE TI TAPANAVO and WeEIs TPWTOEKSS- Oke to 1926° ot CooLAASNLOKpGtEs OVETT OGY EPTLNV TOV THY aypo- TUKT TOALTLKT] KON Stati proav Sropopetixés Sets THC WapErKtic oKe- WIG. To LoooASnpoxpotKs Koupc Peppaviac (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) evéxpive ty dexaetio. tov 1870 to mpdypopc. tov Bidyeru Anptkvext, to onoto eiye KUpious dEoves THY evioxven Mg OpOoRoyLKTs KaAMEpYELUS KOA THY EAcuPPUVON TOV OLKOVOLLKOY Bapav tov aypotav, eve é0ete ws LaKpompdbEeoun LGVOV pooNtiKT} TH HETATPONT THC ATOMLKTIC GE OVAAOYLKT] LSLOK THOM’. To NOALTLKG Evott- Ko Tov Evtovapyvt Mrepvotcay, nyétn THs avabempntixtis ntEpvyac TOV DOTLUAMOTAV, TOV BENGE OTOV MPOGETAIPLOLS Tov YopLKdY”, Eve anevovtiag o Kapa Kéoutoky, natprapyns ts GootaASNUoKpatiKt|s opbodotiac, entuetve otnv andAvtH npotepardtyto. tov Tporetapre- TOV TOV T6AEWV’ O KéovtoKv mioteve TMs, LOAOVETL OL arypdtEs eyo Katatepo eninedo Care and touc mpohetaproue, o1 Sv0 tééEetc Sev eiyav KOLVE GLUGEPOVTE, EVE Engleve Tas 1 UMEPYpEWOT] Tov yopiKav Sev 7.Bi. David McLellan, The Thought of Karl Marx, Macmillan, Aovatvo 1980, 0. 179. 8. Karl Marx, “A comment on Bakunin”, [1875], oe K. Marx, F. Engels, V_I. Lenin, 6.2, 0. 149. 9.B2. Comptre- Morel, 6.2.0.9. 10. BA. tla ctvown tov LBeciy tou Bernstein oto Eduard Bernstein, Evolutionary Socialism, Schocken, Néo Yogua 1961, covtetpnévn ceyyhuver wercepgaiam wns Edith C. Harvey tou Die Voraussetzungen des Sozialismus und die Aufgaben der Sozialdemokratie (1899). Extong Ernesto Laclau, HoAscon xa Weokoyia om Magkiotizy Ocwoia. Karirahiouds, baones, Aainonos, [1977] weréqoaon, exysceva Fonydons Avawddns, Zéyzoove Oxuara, Oeaoadovixn 1983, TAos 2. o¢ Lucio Colletti, evseyeryy oto Ed. Bernstein, J presupposti del socialismo, Laterza, Macigi 1968" Peter Gay, The Dilemma of Democratic Socialism, Columbia University Press 1952: Christian Gneuss, «The Precursor: Eduard Bernstein» oe Leopold Labedz (cd.), Revisio- nism, Praeger 1962: L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marais, 16,2: The Golden Age, 6..,0.98 HE. 96 XIIYPO MAPKETOE TOUG HETETPENE GE MPOAETAPLOUG, EPSOOV Statnpovboay THY KLPLOTHTO ™MC NG, toto kon vROOHKEvpEVNS'. ‘Htav téd0g YapaKtpLrotiKe 5v- OMOTOS UMEVENTL TOU AYpPOTIKOUs oDVETAIPLOLONC”. Tétoisg Kwbikonoujoets tov papELonod das apopotcav Kath Tpwto Moyo tig KoLvavigs ts POpEtas Kou KEVTPLKTIG Evpaemng, Srov é- TOUPVE OLY OLYE THY MPOtTOKaHEdpia 1 Propnxavict napayoyy. Av- oxoha evOovolatay tic BoAKaviKés Kowovies, Oxov 1 yempyia eaKo- Aovdotce ver vRoGKEA CEL ODVTpIATLKE TT BlopNXavic. Tm Bovdyor pia, ty ydpo pe to layvpdtepo GOGLAAMOTIKS KivnLG. Gta BaAKcvio, 0 NYEtMS TOV «ITLatLdV» SooLAASHPOKpaAtay EaKxdCap tayONKE Od tO 1902 vnép tS LIKprtic aypotiKts dLoKTHOIAG, eve aveideta. o pitoona- ouKkdtepos MrhayKdep vrootiipile thy Kat&pynot TNC and Tic opyes TOV CLAVE Cus 0 aYpOTLOTHs LropRoAioky, emSudKovtas va. evdoer TOUG MYPOTES KL EMLKAAODpEVOG Tov Mrepvotiuy, diatetvotav nas oO ayadvas UEeTaEd TOV ENA YEALOTIKOY OLGSOV TAY ONLAVTLKSTEPOG O- 16 THY NAAN TOV TEEEOV KOL TST] KOLVOVLKT] SLAOTPMLG.taGN, avti vo. amhonoretton dmas mepipevay o1 papEiatéc, ywdtav oAcEVa Mo TeEpi- TOK". Zttc PodKavixés Kou tic GAs meprpeperaxés Kovovies paivo- VTOV YOVLOTEDES OL ARS WEIS TOV AVAGEMpN TV LOGLAALOTHV, OL onO{OL e€apytic ovyKEVTpwoaY THY MPOGOYT TOG GTO aypoTLKS Cry THA aiGt0- noujenkay erioncn haccadiKt}" KANpovoyté tov SPD dco Kox o1 GEO- pies Tov OVVTNPNTIKOY KavemrlotHLLAKay, Nov etyov ovopastet «ANS Kadgspac Looiaotéc»"®. Avté ta 5vo pevpata ovupwovovoay rows to 11, Ba, Karl Kautsky, The Agrarian Question, dss nagani@erat oe Patrick Goode (ed.), Karl Kauisky: Selected Political Writings, Macmillan, Aové(vo 1983, o9.2,3, 8, 10, 12. 12. BA. Athar Hussain, Keith Tribe, 6.2.,0.94.¢.. 13. Bh shitchovski, The Socialist Movement in Bulgaria, Lamley and Co., Aovdtvo 1931, 6. 15: John D, Bell, Peasants in Power. Alexander Stamboliski and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union, 1899-1923, Tigivatov, Princeton University Press 1977, 00. 69, 71. 14. O Aaoodh yirav Evas xapiopertixds nyéms Tav PeQuavdy cooahsnpwoxQardy, [Le Tov 0- noi 0 Mage auyxgodamxe enaveviny teva H xQutLxy mov aoxotiae oTOV KamTLTAMOUS ritcey LaNov empaveron|. And tis ames exetns Ts Enos BA. axeTAd-ta Ferdinand Lasalle, The Workingman’s Programme, The Twentieth Century Press, Aov6(vo 1909, xa. Eduard Bernstein, Ferdinand Lassalle as a Social Reformer, wg. Eleanor Marx-Aveling, Swan Sonnenschein, Aovdtvo 1893, Evdwapsoovra xentyoupixd ovorzeta zgoa0éret 0 William Harbutt Dawson, German Socialism and Ferdinand Lassalle, Scribner's, Aovdivo 1899. 15. Snpavexdte gos jwetakU tovs trary 0 o1KOVOHOASYOs xa toropLxds Povorap Fuse. Ot «And Ka8e8qac Zooahiorécy xara aor Behav wa m0 opGohoyuxt xax AryStego xataTTQO~ puny avarwEn TOU KaAeAMOPOD, Kags avaTQOAT TaY ROALUSY LeQUOKUbY, Ket EAHQEACCEY GEWhoyal DIY TOhLUE} tov TuvMN TON KoryKEAQLON Biowage. DyewaG we tis RoMTIRES 6- OI YOXIAAIZTES KAI TO AIPOTIKO ZHTHMA. 97 VRAPYOV AGTIKS KPGtOg UMopovoe KI Enpene va emBaAEL KoWaVIKES Letappvepicets, eve toviCav th onLaoia Tov oVVEtTaIpLoTLKOD KLVI]- Hotos, THY onoia vnoPKOLICe o Kupiapxosg KMdiKOMOLNHEVOG WapEL- ods mpoxpivovtac THY NoALTLKH MEAN. O Mnepvotény, o onLovtiKd- TEPOG EKPPAGTIS TOV AvabeMpntikod LooiaAropod, Eexwvovce and THV extipnon nas n cooraASnpoKpatics, UaliKd KOU UWA TAEOV Tov Mpo- Aetapidtov tov KOAEov, EnpEne vo. KEpSicel THY VROOTHPIEN Tw EPyo- TOY TS YNG- LIKPOYEMPYGV 60 KoU AKTHUSVOV. ZNTObE ENOLEVaS vo. Tposcavatodicovv ot GooraSnWwoKpates tT YEMpyLK] TOVS TOAITLKT Mpos tpetc GEovec: exSnpLoKpatiops THs VO{Opov Kon KaTATOAEUNSN, TOV PEOVSOPXLKdV KAtAO{MV, TPOVOLAK VTOGTIPIEN TOV cLYpEpyo.- TAV Kot TE.OG MEPLOPLOLS TOV EyYELOV MEPLOVELAKOY StKOLOLETOV To. pa&Anha we thv evioyvon tov ovvetaiplonav. Enéueve weAroto. 10g 7] Bedpron tov KéovtoKv evoppoviotay Me THY TPSTAON TOV UN LopEL- Ott Goctadtoth] Ppavts Onnevycupep yo. tT SNLovpyia enoiKlotiKOV ovvetouptouay (Siedlungsgenossenschaften)”. Ot popgéc Tov CoctaALoLOd TOV aVaRTHYENKAV OTIC ULKPSTEpPES YO- pec emnpedCovtav and tar Seoroyiké pevuata mov drapLopedvovtav OtIG HeydAEc eaties tov — Kate Baon oT ToAAia, th Peppavios Kou t7 Paota. Av ot Pdoot sixav exippor petaéo tov vndAOLMMV ZAGBov Ko ot Peppavoi cooiadiotés exnpéalav nepicodtepo am’ SAovG tHV Ke- viptxr Evpaérn kon to BoAKévid, ot WecoyeraKés yabpes mpocéBhenav enions ot Poddia. Ltn yapa. avtr ot pikpokadMepyntés ety om0- KTHOEL KOLVOVLKS Kou TOALTIKS BE pos ETE TH PAAALKH Exavéotaon, 1 onoia eixe Loipdoet, Kupias o€ Hecaiouc aypdtEs Kat Motos, HEYGAO Hépos and ta KTIPATa Tov evyevav. To Tpdéypaypa tov 1883 tov Taar- daxod Epyottkod Kéuportoc (Parti Ouvrier Francais)* Sev mpocéAKve att THY THEN TOV [IKpOKaAMEpYNTAV, GAA’ agetépov anéKhete T ‘Wets TOV yeouarixod xoanxoy cooahtonow BA. William Harbutt Dawson, Bismarck and State Socialism, Swan Sonnenschein, Aov6(vo 1890° Lujo Brentano, La Question ouvriere, Librairie des bibliophiles, Hagiat 1885° Lujo Brentano, On the Relation of Labour to the Law of Today, Putnam’s, Aovdivo 1891. 16. Bi. Ath, Hussain, K. Tribe, d.2.,00.4-11, 17, Bd, Eduard Bernstein, 6.7, 60, 66-71, 127-128, 131-133, 135, 136 amp. 184-186. 18. Dro x6ppa aves aQerrotaro¥ouy o Zui. Pxeve (Jules Guesde), o yaurods tov Mags xa owyyoapéas tou Aixcuddpatos anpy reyctehd Tod. Aapégyx (Paul Lafargue) xau 0 ywwowss has TaBoutih NreBcA (Gabriel Deville), 0 onoiog ty dexaetia tou 1910 duatéheae xgecPevais mc TadAtas omy Edda xcu ce xodAd tna j.orta exngeace tovBevitého. 98 ZITYPOE MAPKETOE, ican anadAotpiacn tov KtHLGTwV THC. OLGocLaALoTEs etoi éAmCav TOG TN MEYGN KOAMEpyerer, POSELKVOOVTOLS EUMPAKTHA THY CLVTOVGNTN, OLKOVOLLKT] avatEepdtnTe TIS, Ou pEtEotpEge BoOuLaia Ki eKotora TOUS LIKPOIBLOK TI} TEs UMEp TH OVAAOYLKT|S KAAMEpyeLac”. To 1884 no povotacay Ogceic unép tov [LLKpoKaAAepyntoy: WOvov Tis HeyahEg VtoKtHotec Oo. anAAOTpIaVaV. Eto npadto aypotiKd NPGypapwd TOUS RpSPorav THY npoctacic. TOV aypEpyatav’ apystepa. téYeNKaY UTP TOV ULKPOLSLOKTH TOV KOU TOV TAKTOTOY, OAKS Kant ov cvTOt TTA ov- VoLH epyoddtes tov aypepyatdv”. Téhoc otnv Ayyhic, to citnWa vo. otpdcovv t7 yn eye yequpapetaes cov Néov bidehevdepiopod™ Kon TOV GOOLAALGHOd: 0 {S106 0 TCwv Etiobapt Mid Sxkonoddynoe aver thy EMBEOT] OTO NEPLOVOLOKE SiKoLi@UE. EMLKAAOTLEVOS Tic LSLaATEPSTNTES, as eyyelas WioKtoIac”. UV EAAGSA, ONODV OL [LKPOYELOKTHHOVES KUPLApyovoay OpLOpNntiKG pete THY Exaveotaon tov 1821, opyava- on ms yeopytag oe KamitaALaTLKH Beton euewe oepopL,. EmAgov 7 AUVTEPKELA STE. SHLNTPLAKG Htav aAsiavdntn ws To 1912. O Sacp0ho- YiKds MPSTATEVTLOLLGG, TOV ePapLocay ot KvBepvijcets HETE To 1884, EVVONGE TOUS TALPALKGdEs Kon VREpTiLNoe Ta oLTHPE. Avett Spas V’ cLD- Enoei thy eyywpra napaywyi}, 6nws iows Oo. covéBauve cv Sev eixav ov {Stes OLKOYEVELES TO OM YONMALO OTH MEYGAN YOLOKTH OIA Ka OTO ELoa- YOYIKS OLTELMOPLO, OTHY TPAYLATLKSTHTO pelMGE ANGTOUG TLG KOA- Mepyotueves ottonapayayiKés extéoetc”. H Katéotaon ovr avga- 19. BA. Compére - Morel, 6.7., 6.16. 20, BA, 6.2.00. 17-18, 21. ONéos @ikehevdeQrapds, ctov onofo rQ@ToGTaMOE 0 HEY H.0s PASOoPos hwy EtL06apt ‘Mik (John Stuart Mill) dev efye xayud oxéon Ue TOV ONHEQWG veopLhEAEvBEQLONS, aID.G avei- Gera axotehotios jue KOIWUVIMd evaioOrT HOOGT TOV PIAEhEUTEQLGHON, ERNQeaoLEMN Ge nobhdtyn{nara and tov conahtops. 22, BA, David Nicholls,

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