BSC English Notes New

KEY TO SUCCESS BSC ENGLISH NOTES (ADP SCIENCES PART 2)
KEY
TO
SUCCESS
BSC PART II ENGLISH
Written By:
RANA QASIM ANWAR

16 YEARS LONG EXPERIENCED TEACHER
A SALIENT NAME IN ENGLISH TEACHING
UNIQUE
COMPUTER
COLLEGE No.
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0300-4669447
Rs.600
WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR
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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH ALMIGHTY WHO IS THE MOST MERCIFUL AND MOST BENEFICIAL
DEDICATION
“I DEDICATE MY WRITTEN WORK TO MY BELOVED MOTHER WHO HAS BORNE A
LOT OF DIFFICULTIES FOR ME IN HER WHOLE LIFE. I ALSO DEDICATE MY WRITTEN
WORK TO MY MOST RESPECTABLE TEACHERS AND TO EVERY THAT PERSON WHO
TAUGHT ME EVEN A SINGLE WORD. I RESPECT THEM FROM THE CORE OF MY HEART
AND AM INDEBTED TO THESE PEOPLE, AS I WOULD NEVER HAVE BEEN ABLE TO
COMPLETE MY BOOK WITHOUT THEIR MOTIVATION AND MENTORING.” I AM REALLY
GRATEFUL TO MY DEAR BROTHER, RANA ASIF ANWAR, WHO IS A GUIDING STAR FOR
ME. I WISH BEST OF LUCK FOR ALL OF YOU.
PREFACE
Dear Students!
KEY TO SUCCESS as its name implies is a modest attempt to compile different essential
parts of English literature and composition in a concise manner in a world packed with distractions
glamour and multi pastimes. The students do not have to learn number of answers for attempting a
question paper. In this book, we have tried generously to handle different problems which the students
face relevant with their paper. There are some books which have a bulk of things for the students. Such
things ornament the value of the books but they do not carry any help for the examination point of view.
Even the most ambitious and talented students fail to decipher the important things from the book. This
results more labor and less reward. Therefore, KEY TO SUCCESS is a humble attempt for average and
talented students to attempt the relevant and vital parts of the paper. The formation of KEY TO
SUCCESS has been almost re-written, revised to cater for the needs of students, any way any suggestion
for the improvement of KEY TO SUCCESS will be entertained cordially.Thanks
RANA QASIM ANWAR
Has Been Lecturer In:
 NOVA College Sadar Cantt Lahore
 Peak Solution College Sadar Cantt Lahore
 Oxford College Shalimar Town Lahore
 Cantt College Zrar Shaheed Road Lahore
 KIPS College Johar Town Lahore
 STAR College Sarwar Road Lahore
 BETS College Muslim Town Lahore
 STEP College Muslim Town Lahore
 Glorious College Defence Road Lahore
 Proceed Professional College Kalama Chowk Lahore
Sub-Examiner:
 BISE Lahore
 TEVTA Lahore
 AIOU Islamabad
 THE PUNJAB UNIVERSITY
Qualification:
 M PHIL IN ENGLISH (UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT)
 MA ENGLISH (THE PUNJAB UNIVERSITY)
 MA ENGLISH FROM UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA
 MA POLITICAL SCIENCE BAHULDIN UNIVERSITY MULTAN
 MA PUNJABI (THE PUNJAB UNIVERSITY)
 B.ED (THE PUNJAB UNIVERSITY)

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Principal:
 GLORIOUS ACADEMY DAROGHAWALA LAHORE
 3 STARS ACADEMY SALAMTPURA LAHORE
 3 STARS ACADEMY LAL PULL NEAR PUNJAB COLLEGE
MUGHALPURA LAHORE
 MOTHER SCHOOL SYSTEM SALAMTPURA LAHORE
 UNIQUE COMPUTER COLLEGE DAROGHAWALA CHOWK LAHORE
Outline of BSc English

(ADP Science Part 2 English )
There will be one paper carrying 100 marks of three hour's duration.
Paper: 100 Marks

(1) Prose Part: 50 Marks
(2) English B General Part: 50 Marks
i. Comprehension: 15 Marks
ii. Report writing: 10 Marks
iii. Translation Urdu into English: 10 Marks
iv. Essay (200 words): 15 Marks

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SAMPLE PAPER
UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
BSC PART 2
SUBJECT: ENGLISH (FOR BSC CANDIDATES )
PAPER: ENGLISH TIME: 3 HRS MARKS: 100
NOTE: Attempt All Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks.
SECTION-A
Q. 1 (a) Why has Mark Twain rejected Darwin’s THORY OF EVOLUTION and what are
its conclusions in this regard?
(b) Briefly analyze the essay Bromides And Sulphites by Gelett Burgess in your own
words?
Q.2. (a) Describe the visit of Framton Nuttle to Mrs. Sappleton’s House.
(b) What are the positive aspects of scientific spirit? (THE PLACE OF LIBERAL
EDUCATION)
Q.3. (a) Describe Walter Mitty’s different rules in his imaginary world.
(b) What according to Lancelot Whyte does the creative imagination do that the
conscious mind does not do?
Q.4. (a) What was Mrs.Baker’s philosophy of life?
(b) Is it right to cheat in the examination? If not why? (Right and Wrong)
SECTION-B
Q.5. Write a report as a research officer of Ministry of Environment on industrial pollution.
Q.6. Write an essay on any one of the following topics:
(a) Inflation and its adverse affects on the society.
(b) Failure of Democracy in developing countries.
(c) Child Labour
Q.7. Read the passage carefully and answer the QUESTIONS in your own words.
Unemployment is a very serious issue not only in Pakistan but in the whole world, because
it has negative effects on the society. There are hundreds and thousands of people out there who do
not have employment . Besides, the problems of unemployment are very serve and complicated in
Pakistan because of fast growing population, which adding great stress on the limited resources of
our developing economy. Machine has replaced in many fields, which means that majority of labor
6will be out of job. The various types of unemployment as technological unemployment and
structural unemployment are accruing in the world. It is pretty nasty for the people, because they
are mentally shattered and financially ruined. Unfortunately, the present government and the past
government have failed to settle this grave problem, because they have not taken this matter
seriously.
Questions:
1. How unemployment does effects the society?
2. What are the different types of unemployment?
3. Why has the respective governments failed to redress this problem?
4. Suggest a suitable title and make a precise of the above passage.
Q.8. Translate into English.

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Contents
1) Damned Human Race By: Mark Twain
2) The Last Lesson By: Alphonse Daudet
3) Bromides And Sulphites By: Gelett Burgess
4) How To Live To Be 200 By: Stephen Leacock
5) Open Window By: H. H. Munro
6) Place of Science in liberal Education By: Bertrand Russel
7) On a Common Cold By: Osbert Sitwell
8) Emotional Meanings By: Robert H Thoules
9) Secret Life Of Walter Mitty By: James Thurber
10) Where Do The Bright Ideas Come From? By: Lancelot Whyte
11) Right and Wrong By: Lewis
12) END OF THE ROAD By: Muhammad Asad
13) How Do The Poor People Die By: Geroroge Orwell
14) The Lost Childhood By: Grham Greene
15) The Gray Beginning
16) The Nature Of Science
17) 17, August 2026, There Will Come Soft Rain
18) In My Day
19) The Marvel of Insects
20) TV Addiction By: Marie Winn

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Damned Human Race

By: Mark Twain
Questions:
Damned Human Race is a satire on human traits and human nature. Do you agree?
Human hasn’t changed and still considered as irrational animal, do you agree?
Damned Human Racew is a criticism on human foibles and follies. Elaborate.
“The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven..”
Explain with the reference of short essay, “Damned Human Race”.
“Damned Human Race” is a satire on human nature and characteristics. The writer has
used irony and hyperbole to expose the foibles and follies of human beings. The writer seems to
be pessimistic but in fact he wants to correct human beings. He suggests that man should avoid
all the bad traits in order to make him really a higher and evolutional animal. Human nature
hasn’t changed overtime. Man has been committing atrocities and injustice in the name of
religious, ethnic, political, ideological and sectarian conflicts. He has been lecherous, greedy,
wanton, power drunk, irrational and unreasoning. He exercises his power in his domain. Power
and wealth are two corrupting factors in his life. His faculty of moral sense and to justify oneself
right have been the cause of many vices. Man can control his emotions. Traits of human beings,
Comparison and contrasts of higher and lower animals have lowered human beings. Mark Twain
has rightly concluded that man has made himself so much lower that the present condition of
man does not allow him to call himself the crown of creature.
Damned Human Race” is a criticism on human traits which mark him ironically lower animal.
These traits are compared and contrasted with animal traits. Twain has made his assertion of
descent of man through scientific method. He uses observations, comparisons and contrasts, and
experiments in London Zoological Gardens to make his point of view authentic. He rejects
Darwin‟s theory of ascent of man. Man has descended due to his certain attributes of having
cruelty, injustice, lechery, greed, moral sense of justifying his wrong actions, irrationality of
learning a lesson from the past, lack of tolerance in accommodating other’s ethnic, social,
religious and sectarian differences, abuses of powers and collective warfare. All these traits are
absent in so called higher animals. Twain exposes human weakness ironically to correct him.
Human nature is potentially aggressive and destructive and potentially orderly and constructive.
The Last Lesson
By: Alphonse Daudet
Questions:
Do you agree with the writer that the loss of language can be the destruction of a society?
Franz as a representative of common French. Elaborate.
Describe the last lesson of a school teacher with the reference of the short essay, “The Last
Lesson”.
The Last Lesson is a satire on imperialism/colonialism. The story is also a sharp criticism
on the importance of language which the people have forgotten. They have totally neglected
their culture and civilization. Language is a national pride for the natives of a country but
unfortunately the citizens of that society have started to neglect that culture. Franz is a
representative of common French. Carelessness of the society and the importance of time have
been emphasized by the writer “The Last Lesson” is about national pride and regret of the
French over their loss of two states. This is also a criticism on imperialism of Germany. “I
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wonder if they are going to compel them to sing in German too!” The loss of language is great
disaster for any society. First person narration is used to show the regret of a school boy who
represents the whole nation. Every character realizes his mistake and regrets his inaction and
irresponsibility. Franz, Hamel and the villagers have gathered to remorse their inability to keep
freedom and own language. Language is not mere a source of communication. It is the reflection
of culture, tradition, customs, social identity, cultural inheritance and national pride. Everyone is
responsible for the demise in the society. The parents neglected their child’s education. The
children wasted their time in useless activities. The teachers taught carelessly. The high ups
never visited the school and neglected the foundation of a great society. The French language is
a romance language. It had been the sweetest and strongest language in the history. In the
Last Lesson through the character of Hamel the writer has created an idealized teacher. A teacher
affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. Hamel was an experienced teacher
and central character of the story. He was very strict teacher and punished his students. He kept a
ruler under his arm. He was a traditional school teacher. He always maintained decorum and
discipline in the class. He believed in the use of force. The villagers respected him for his forty
year service. He regretted his flaws in his last lesson and speech. He was a good orator. He used
language effectively to realize his audience. He invoked patriotism and love for French language
among his students and villagers. He reproached himself for his carelessness. He used to send his
students to water his garden. He gave holiday to the students when he wanted to have trout
fishing. He can’t be a good teacher because he was careless about the future of his nation. He
ignored his duties and set his students to do personal work. He didn’t realize that a teacher is
very important factor of a society. If a building falls due to ignorance of an engineer, it is a
material loss. If a person dies due to ignorance of a doctor, it is a great loss. But if a nation spoils
due to a teacher, it is a disaster.
Bromides And Sulphites
By: Gelett Burgess
Questions:
Who is the better, Bromides or Sulphites? Elaborate.
This essay is about two sentiments of life, which are characterized by the behaviors of
two elements. Bromides and Sulphites are two bents of mind. They are named according to the
behavior of bromides and sulphites. They are opposite in their approach and action. Bromides
are typical, orthodox and blind followers of set norms, customs, traditions and social practices.
They remain with the mob. They behave in accordance with society. They are not imaginative
and creative. Everybody likes them because they like others. They don’t do unusual things and
practice according to others’ expectations. They make certain rules in life and follow them
strictly. They do not think deeply. Their actions and thoughts are predictable. They are found in
majority. Bromides are typical while sulphites are radical, creative and innovative. Sulphites are
revolutionary. They oppose others in actions and thought. They appear suddenly and do
something unusual. They contradict social norms, customs, values, practices and traditions.
Their arrival is blasting. They can’t be expected regarding their behavior and thoughts. Sulphites
are very important and much needed in the society because they bring change. Only change is
enduring in the world. The evolution in the human society is due to them. All the great writers,
artists and scientists were sulphites because they thought different from others and brought
innovations. Their behavior was un-predictable as they didn’t follow the set norms, customs,
beliefs and social practices. They were rebels in the society. Hamlet opposed the king and made
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him realized his guilt. He was unorthodox and a having sulphitic qualities in himself. Becky
Sharp in “Vanity fair” by Thakeray is also unusual and imaginative character. Thus she has
characteristics of sulphites. American president, Roosevelt was also a sulphite in politics while
Merie was sulphite in writing. GB Shaw, a great revolutionary writer was a sulphite. Some
writers may contradict in their ideas and life. Sulphites are necessary for the society. If we don't
change, we don't grow. If we don't grow, we aren't really living.
How To Live To Be 200
By: Stephen Leacock
Questions:
Highlight the criticism on Jiggins’ habits?
What was the health mania and typical exercise/food/diseases mania of Jiggins.
Pieces of advice given by the writer, Are these measures practical, How can one live long
life?
There are a lot of people in this world who spend so much time watching their health that
they haven’t the time to enjoy it. Humorou is the fundamental part of this essay which is actually
satire on those people who have obsession of health. The writer has used exaggeration and irony
to criticize their habits. They are very much conscious of their health, exercise and food. They
make their life difficult, miserable, monotonous and boring. They don’t enjoy their life and
behave like a silly person. They walk on dew drops, hunt for ozone. They try as much as
possible to eat hygienic things to make their life the best. They behave like a machine as Jiggins
do in this essay and eventually die unexpectedly. All the measures like exercise, diet and extra
health mania do not prolong their lives. The persona of the essay is Jiggins whose mania is
laughed at. He is obsessed about his health. He takes cold bath and hot sponge every morning.
He breathes in fresh air, does Sandow exercises, passes his break time in exercise at office, and
attends a gym in the evening. He walks before sleeping and after awakening. The obsession of
health and food consciousness is the thing which encircles the people toward death. Life passes
with enjoyments and peace of mind can be easy and prolonged. The writer suggests that man
should enjoy sound sleep, get up at appropriate time and not take tension about health and work.
He should avail fresh air and do exercise if time is available. He should avoid cold bath and hot
sponge. He should get over the fear of germs and diseases. He shouldn’t be fearful of bacilli and
other germs. He should eat whatever he finds and how much he gets. One who is very sensitive
and conscious about the selection of food makes life difficult. One should get other’s services to
accomplish his tasks. He should enjoy his life. Eat, drink, play and be merry.
Right and Wrong
By: LEWIS
Questions:
Recapitulate Lewis’s series of reasons for believing that there is a “Law of Nature”_ that
there is “real Right or wrong”.
What are his reasons for believing that the moral law is not simply an instinct?
Is it right or wrong to cheat in the examination?
Lewis tells us that every person is aware about right and wrong and wants to follow this
standard behavior on every cost. Either any person follows this standard or not, he bears in mind
this standard and expects it from other persons. He also utters that there is no need to teach this
standard to any person. To show the presence of real right and right, writer provides lot of
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examples from the real life. We listen that people are quarrelling with one another on different
issues and they complain one another on the breaking of standard of behavior which is agreed
among them. A person appeals some kind of standard of behavior but other reply, “to hell your
standard” therefore the very person does not follow the standard at that time when he is said to
behave in the same way. The people break the law of morality and rules of nature but teach
others to follow these rules. If a footballer does not agree on these rules, then here will be no
sense in saying that a footballer had committed a foul. The idea was that, just as falling stones
are governed by the law of gravitation and chemicals by chemical laws, in this way, man also
had his law. Great difference is that “the stones could not choose whether it obeyed the law of
gravitation, or not, but a man could choose either to obey the law of human nature or to disobey
it.” The idea of decent behaviour is obvious to everyone. A nation may say that treaties have no
importance, but next moment, they spoil their case by saying that the particular treaty which they
broke was unfair one. The writer insists if there is no concept of right or wrong, then what is
difference between fair and unfair treaty. C.S. Lewis points out that moral law is very essential
in every society and it is present in every society. There is no need to tell anyone about the moral
law, because, he is aware about it by his nature. Everyone knows it by common sense,
experience and observation of life. If someone is educated or uneducated, he is much familiar
about the standard of behaviour with the people in the society. Moral law is a matter of choice. A
person has choice to follow it or abandon it. It depends upon a person what he wants. In failure
of moral law, we use excuses and pretexts. Examinations are a test of our knowledge and
through cheating one shows that he is a better scholar than those who are not cheating and they
are, in fact, better scholars than he. We cannot assess the actual abilities and capabilities of a
person properly if he cheats in examinations. So cheating produces wrong results. Now nobody
likes wrong results for oneself. Cheating in examinations discourages hard-working. By cheating
in examination, illegal people come up. Cheating also promote class-distinction. Cheating in
examination is moral-corruption and against the standard behaviour of human beings and no one
accepts it against oneself; therefore, it is wrong, unjust and unfair.
Open Window
By: H. H. Munro
Questions:
What are the themes of the essay the open window?
Do you agree the basic themes of the essay are appearance and reality?
Highlight the mental illness or confusion, irony and suspense in the essay.
Draw a character sketch of Vera/Ms. Sappleton / Mr. Nuttel)
This essay is full of suspense and irony in which a young girl of fifteen, Vera makes Mr.
Nuttel fool. She is very clever and manipulating. Though she is fifteen years old, yet she is more
authoritative and cunning than she should be. The appearance, conversation and manners of a
village girl are ironical. She looks much mature than her age. Her actions and conversation are
constant source of suspense. She is a keen observer of others’ habits and routines and uses them
in her fabricated story told to Mr. Nuttel. She uses Nuttel’s ignorance to countryside, mental
illness. She tells him story with fabricated minute details of habits and manners of her aunt and
her uncle coming from snipe shooting. This blend of reality and imagination is ironical, a source
of suspense and dilemma of present man. This is another theme of this fiction that man wavers
between illusion and reality. It is difficult to differentiate. When it exposes, it causes severe
mental illness. The symbol of open window is the exposition of reality. The deception of the
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young girl is another feature of modern life. There is a little difference between sanity and
insanity. “A sick thought can devour the body's flesh more than fever or consumption.” Mr.
Nuttel is fooled. He visits the countryside to seek better mental health. He suffers from an
undisclosed nervous ailment. He brings a letter of introduction to Mrs. Sappleton in order to
make her acquaintance for his stay in her village. While he waits for Mrs. Sappleton to appear,
her niece keeps him company and tells him a story about why a window in the room has been
left open. He is a representative of modern man who has a confused state of mind. He is unable
to differentiate appearance and reality. Framton Nuttel is a passive person who thinks that
strangeness will improve his health but he gets frightened when he finds it. He believes Vera‟s
story of open window that Mrs. Sappleton’s dead husband and brothers will return one day.
When Nuttel looks out the window and sees figures matching the descriptions of the long-dead
hunters in the niece’s story, he suffers a mental breakdown and flees the house. Irony is the
gaiety of reflection and the joy of wisdom. Thus the writer through the foolish character of
Nuttel and cunning role of Vera discloses the ironical behavior of the people.
Place of Science in liberal Education
By: Bertrand Russel
Questions:
Enumerate the benefits of science?
Highlight the values of science education vs classical education?
What are the benefits of classical education, science and literature and art?
What are two merits of science in contrast to Literature and art and the suggestion of good
use of science?
Science has revolutionized human life. It has reduced distances, controlled the forces of
nature, brought changes in wireless telegraphy and changed the world into a global village. The
real end of science is the formation of rational and intellectual outlook on the world. It trains
mind, makes well informed and gives impersonal point of view. Science does a little
nourishment of mind. Science is inferior to classical education and literature because science is
not taught with the same spirit. It is concerned with present and future. Though literary education
has a lot of passive things yet it is not as much fruitful as is science. Science has two merits in
contrast to art and literature. It takes an objective view of life. It has no place for human passions
and subjectivity. Secondly it grows scientific attitude whether the actual theory is right or wrong.
Darwin’s theory of natural selection and Malthus’ theory of population are erroneous; however,
they have created a scientific method and mode of inquiry. In science, mostly creative theories
are applied by the average scientists. The real genius is that who invents for the first time. But in
art and literature, the work is always creative. The real outlook of life is projected through the
works. This scientific method is not present in philosophy. Philosophy looks at the world as a
whole. If science develops this universalism, it will be excellent because philosophy can’t get
solid results as science does. It provides happiness in the passionate this planet. Bertrand has a
different view of education. His focus is on the development of creativity. The true end of
education is innovation rather passivity. It widens personal outlook. The writer criticizes the
inherent weakness of classical education.

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On a Common Cold
By: Osbert Sitwell
Questions:
How has the writer used irony, exaggeration, humor created effects of a common cold?
Do you think the writer has appeal of the essay on matter rather than subject matter?
The essay on a common cold is a humorous account of the effects of common cold. The
writer creates appeal in his essay through the subject matter. It is replete with irony and
exaggeration which create humor, interest and fun. Irony is the difference of appearance and
reality while exaggeration is a boastful description. The title is ironic. Though it is a common
cold yet it affects drastically in the essay. The three aspects of the common cold, which are
symptoms, its effects on the patient and its historical role are ironic and exaggerated in this
essay. The effects of the common cold are many and drastic according to the essay. The writer
has described them through the series of daily experiences. A common cold has many
symptoms. It affects human beings in many ways. It brings changes not only in physical health
but also in manners and habits. It causes sneezing and coughing. It causes pain in teeth, limbs
and the roots of hair. The description of symptoms,
“Pains in teeth and roots of the hair”,
“A common cold alters the very existence of him who suffers from it”,
“Pathos, together with a slightly hysterical humour” and “alters the spirit, the very
nature of the person it attacks” are ironic and exaggerated. Moreover, the attitude
becomes perverted. The person suffering from it does unusual things. He meets those whom he
dislikes. The writer gives the example of his cousin who meets him in common cold. The lonely
person starts visits theatre, lectures and concert halls. All these changes are exaggerated and
ironic. The role of the common cold is historic. England is blessed with it. Napoleon was
defeated due to common cold. The defeat of Hitler and Caesar is also nominated to the common
cold in the essay. All these accounts are ironic, exaggerated and humorous. It arouses the interest
of the reader. Common cold brings pathos and hysterical humour. It had played havocs in the
human history. It is the descendent of plague which claimed millions of deaths in the past. It was
called Black Death. It spread throughout the community. In the same way, common cold
resembles its ancestral disease, plague. It has a long history. Even it is referred in Elizabethan
poetry. “And the cold, too, has played a noble part in world events.” Napoleon was defeated
by the common cold at Waterloo. This success is attributed to Duke of Wellington and Blucher.
It was common cold that played significant role in the accession of Roman Empire by Julius
Caesar. Moreover, it has always stopped the generals of British Army to give command for a
great war through sneezing. Thus common cold has become common in the recent times in the
shape of Corona Virus. The description of common cold has been exaggerated by the writer.
Emotional Meanings
By: Robert H Thoules
Questions:
Elaborate the difference of emotional and objective meanings?
Highlight the difference of moral and scientific judgment?
Count down the difference of objective and subjective meaning? How do the words matter
a lot?

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“The wound of cut heals but the wound of tongue never heals”. It is doubtless that the
use of words is very important in our life. They point out some idea associated with them.
Language is arbitrary and there is no connection between words and their meanings. They are set
socially and traditionally. There are two layers of associated ideas with the words. One is
objective meanings while the other is emotional meanings. The objective meanings are also
called scientific, denotative and impersonal meanings. They are unprejudiced, unbiased and
impersonal. They are acknowledged on a wider scale. Mostly they are same across the cultures.
They are free of colors, likeness and dislikes of the individuals. They don’t raise any conflict
among their users. They create scientific judgment. On the other hand, emotional meanings are
subjective, personal and mostly culture specific. They vary from person to person and society to
society. They have some associated ideas with the objective meanings. They are driven by
conventions and norms of the societies. They arouse conflicts and differences. The people set
certain likeness and dislikes with the words. They create moral judgment among the users. The
ideas associated with the set norms are considered good. The violation of those set standards will
cause variation, conflicts and differences. They are very necessary to create beauty in the speech.
The poetry loses its charms, if there are no emotional meanings. Because according to Keats.
“Heard Melodies Are Sweet, but Those Unheard Are Sweeter”. Many social, cultural,
religious and political differences cause due to difference of emotional meanings. The word
“dog” means an animal while “Mongrel” is used for negative connotations. The words “firm”
and “obstinate, pigheaded” are same in objective meanings but different in emotional meanings.
The word “Martyr” and “assassinated” mean killing but former is sacred and latter is not. It can
be concluded that the use of words should be made carefully because their emotional meanings
can bring disasters. Emotional meanings are conceived meanings other than objective meanings.
They are subjective and personal and vary from man to man. They are abstract.
Secret Life Of Walter Mitty
By: James Thurber
Questions:
What is the fantasy of Mitty?
The story of Mitty is the Story of every man, Do you agree?
Elabiorate the role of Mitty, difference of imagination and reality, dissatisfaction of Mitty
with his life and escapism of Mitty?
What are the most important theme of the essay?
The man who has no imagination has no wings. Through the character of Walter, the
writer has portrayed the theme of imaginations and reality. Walter Mitty and his wife run errands
and Mitty has suffered from the plague of day dreaming. The whole story is full of his fantasy
world. Mitty escapes into an imaginary world from the reality of the world which is dominated
and bullied by his wife. She treats him as a child and immature person. He is dissatisfied with his
life. He wants to get rid of his problems. He only takes refuge into his imaginations. He takes his
romantic and ideal flight to the fantastic world. He consoles himself by performing the different
roles in his imaginations. He is a true human being in this regard. Every person of this world is
imaginative to some extent. While driving, he imagines being a pilot of an eight engine Navy
hydroplane. He shows bravery, unusual skill and daring performance. He controls the
hydroplane in his imaginations but his wife is out of control. Mitty gets his unfulfilled desires
through his imaginations. He drives past a hospital and starts another fantasy. This time, he's a
famous surgeon doctor trying to save a millionaire named Wellington McMillan. He is praised
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by others but he is often admonished in his real life. He reaches the court and confesses to be a
killer when he hears a boy shouting Waterbury trials. He waited his wife in the hotel lobby
where he read a magazine with the pictures of German bombers. This takes him to the fantastic
world of imagination. He fantasizes himself an air captain. He is willing to sacrifice for his
country. His dream is interrupted by his wife. But when she went to drug store, he again
imagines himself to be facing firing squad bravely. It can be concluded that Mitty is brave, risky,
patriot, dominant on others, an expert surgeon, pilot, naval captain, sharp-shooter and
praiseworthy person in his imaginative world. But he is opposite in his real life. He is fearful
from his wife. He takes the flight of his imaginations to reach his imaginative world. He enjoys
his dreamy world. The difference of husband and wife also project the theme of misfit
relationships. The theme of matrimonial difference is very sound. The good relations demand
mental harmony of husband and wife. The relationship of Mr. and Mrs. Mitty is ironical. The
exietence of Mitty is actually the escape of a man from reality.
Where Do The Bright Ideas Come From?
By: Lancelot Whyte
Questions:
Express the ideas of creative thinkers and their striking activity of creativity and sources of
ideas?
The process of creative thought is complex and arbitrary. Mostly it is associated with
unconscious. The working of unconscious is unknown and uncontrolled. Thus, it is difficult to
bring it within the domain of consciousness. According to Lancelot Whyte a creative thought is
“Leap in thought.” The thinkers and great writers remain unaware of the process of their
creativity. Mostly it is considered as divine revelation. The poetic creation as well as scientific
discoveries is brought forth by some mysterious process. It is an intuitive process. This process
of sudden exposition is common in religious mysticism, philosophy, art, literature, science,
mathematics and technical inventions. The writer has supported many examples from the life of
great thinkers and minds. They went through the similar way. Richard Wagner was a great
musician. He got his prelude to “Rhinegold” in a trance like state. The writer says about it,
“The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of actual processes.” Henri
Poincare was a great mathematician. He got knowledge about “Fuchsian” function at night after
taking black coffee in his sleepless night. Descartes presented his philosophy in his dream.
Mozart music was also discovered while its creator was playing billiard. Hamilton got his new
mathematical method while walking in the street of Dublin with his wife. Walter Scott always
got his ideas while resting and sleeping at night. It is called “Sleeping on it.” He says, “Never
mind, I shall have it at seven o‟ clock tomorrow morning.” Blake says, “I have written the
poem, without premeditation.” Darwin says, “Ideas and beliefs are not voluntary acts.” All
these examples show that creativity is involuntary action. Human conscious has no role in this
sudden action. However, it is not known how it happens. There is not sufficient information on
mental working. However, Whyte concludes that unconscious activity is necessary for creativity.
Conscious has certain limitations. It sticks to the problems but unconscious is a boundless sea of
extra ordinary powers. Human mind has a great potential in unconscious, which is yet to be
explored. It is revealed through the process of creation by many great minds of the world. So the
creative people have brought innovations in certain fields of interests. Secondly, it requires rest
and relaxation.

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END OF THE ROAD

By: Muhammad Asad
Questions:
Present the picture of the Holy Kaaba.
Kaaba is the simplest structure yet holy, why?
Describe the experiences of the writer on the road?
What is the experiences of a European as a Muslim.
Muhammad Asad gives the holy picture of Kaaba in his essay “End of the Road.” He is a
converted Muslim from Judaism. After embracing Islam, the writer travels toward the Holy
Kabbah. He is accompanied by different Asian people belonging to different ethnic groups. This
is the journey from the west to the east. He compares two civilizations. One is characterized by
modernism and materialism while other is traditional and poor. He forgot Europe and carried
himself to the Middle East. Then he draws the picture of Jidda. The streets of Jidda are
fascinating. Iran and Egypt are better than any other country of Europe. Asad also narrates the
difficult journey for the pilgrims. Some of them died on the way The Arabian cities are the show
of cultures of the whole Muslim World. The houses are different. They people from all over the
Muslim world gather and recite “Labbayk Allahumma, Labbayk!” He describes about the Holy
Kabbah as “The goal of longing for so many millions of people for so many centuries”. It is
small and squire building. “It was apex of their desires”. It is a perfect cube. It is covered by
black brocade. It is in the centre of the Mosque. It presents a quiet picture of art. The writer says,
“Much quieter than any other work of architecture anywhere in the world”. It was built by
Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S). Many times it was rebuilt. It is the sign of “Man‟s humility before
God.” It is the simplest three dimension form. The writer says about its structure “Could ever
do justice to the idea of God” The writer doesn’t find its majestic qualities even in the mosques
of North Africa, The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, majestic buildings of Istanbul and
buildings in the other parts of the world. It is “The complete renunciation of all beauty of line
and form.” The picture of Kaaba drawn by the writer is mostly spiritual and emotional. It has
religious associations. According to the writer, Islam is religion of peace which has many parts
and all of its parts are harmoniously conceived to complement and support one another. The
days are very hot. The sand is burning. There is a lot of difference between both the civilizations.
The civilization of Makkah joins the different people all over the world and makes them a
family. It was a great shift from Judaism to Islam. Islam propagates brotherhood. Thus
experience of the writer is the experience of brotherhood.
How Do The Poor People Die
By: Geroroge Orwell
Questions:
Describe the pathetic picture of French hospitals?
Compare and contrast the French Hospitals with English hospitals.
George Orwell gives the pathetic and critical pictures of French hospitals and poor human
condition through his personal experiences. The writer got admitted into a general ward French
Hospital X when he fell ill. It was a general ward. He gives his feelings and reactions. "I lay
down again, humiliated, disgusted and frightened". The author has drawn a subjective and
objective picture at the same time. He observes the other people on the ward, i.e., doctors,
nurses, patients, visitors. The poor scene makes the writer full of pity, sympathy and sorrow for
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their suffering. The pathetic account has strong feelings of pity, sympathy and sorrow. The
treatment he was given there was inhuman and painful. Before starting treatment, he had to pass
through a detailed interview at reception. He was unable to stand but he had to do it. Then he
was given bath after questioning. He was treated with the ancient method of cupping after it. He
was treated as animals. The attitude of nurses was very bad. The food served there was of poor
quality and unhygienic. The method of checking and knocking his body was very painful. It was
the most disgraceful that the patients were called out by their bed numbers. The scene of death of
No. 57 was very sad. “This business of people just dying like animals, for instance, with
nobody standing by, nobody interested, the death not even noticed till the morning.”The
ward was full of foul smell and poor sanitation. Orwell presents the realistic picture. The writer
has presented many literary references about the condition of hospitals in the past. The condition
of the English hospitals was much better than it. The writer has drawn contrast of both the
countries after his experience in a French Hospital. He observed and presented the first hand
information. The death of the patients was not considered a routine matters. The English
hospitals were cleaned. The hygienic conditions were good. But the French hospitals were dirty
and unclean. The writer has used irony and humor to expose the attitude and treatment of the
doctors and nurses. But the overall atmosphere is gloomy and pathetic.
The Lost Childhood
By: Graham Greene
Graham Greene (1904–1991) is recognized as one of the most important writers of the
twentieth century, achieving both literary acclaim and popular success. Graham Greene
considers childhood is the golden period of life. Childhood has the greatest assets of man’s
whole life. If you carry your childhood with you, you never become older. Childhood has
the great inspiration in man’s life but the most important thing which inspires and enthralls a lot
that is the book reading. Books inspire us a lot in our childhood. The writer admired the
books of spies and adventures. He had deep influence through books. He hoped for the best by
reading books in his childhood. He brightened his future with the help of book reading. The
author used to think that he might become a bank accountant or an engineer but the book reading
polished his way to become a writer. At the age of fourteen, the books encouraged him to face
the difficulties of life. He got much excitement with the help of books. He liked to read the
novels of E.M. Forster. He was habitual to read the novels of Rider Haggard, Percey
Westerman and Captain Bereton. These great novelists brought to him an understanding
of the turning points of life. The books gave him imaginative understanding of future life. The
study of books revealed upon him the vision of future which is rich despite of all its
complexities. Happiness and miseries are before us, now its up to us to find out fear or hope
from them. The books are crystal for us. It is such a crystal as a child can see life and different
activities in it. The reading of books paved his bright future. The Piate Aeroplane read by him
six times in his life, gave him the highlights of lost civilization of the Sahara and of wicked
Yankee pirate. He used to think that books take a new slant in their journey towards death.
He happened to read the books; The Ancient Witch Gagool and The Viper Milan. These
books had tremendous influence in his mind. These books determined the future career of the
writer.
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The Gray Beginning

By: Rachel L. Carson
And the earth was without form and void and darkness was upon the face of the deep.
The authoress has informed us about the creation and importance of the ocean. According to her,
the ocean is as old as the earth itself. The ocean is the great mother of life. According to the
writer, there is no concrete and definite idea about the creation of the ocean. The writer has
rough ideas about the development of the ocean through different sources pieced together.
The earth might have come into existence about 2.5 billion years ago. The earth was the part of
the sun. When it tore into pieces, it was a ball of whirling gases. These gases were intensely
hot. The ball of flaming gases cooled with the passage of time. The moon was born when the
earth was changed from the liquid to solid state. The writer imagines that the ocean might have
developed in the manner of the moon. The earth was hard and the falling of the depression
produced a depression on the earth. This depression held the Pacific Ocean. The early ocean
grew in bulk as the heavy rains slowly filled the basin of the ocean. It was an endless process
which continued for millions of years and has never stopped till now. Before the first living
being was created there might have been trials and failures. The certain organic substances
were fashioned and through the creation of those organisms the complex human being was
evolved. The beginning of the micro organisms converted into the complex human beings. The
mountains and forests creation was also based on the trials and failures formulas. The silent
land of the earth converted into the living planet. According to the writer, some 350 million
years ago, the first pioneer of land life crept out on the shore. Thus, the gray beginning deals
with the creation of the earth, moon and the ocean. The gray dismal and gloomy beginning of the
earth turned into noisy planet.
The Nature Of Science

By: Ralph Ross And Earnest Van Den Haag
The writers have provided us a lot of scientific information. According to them, the opinion of a
lay man about science is wrong. A man in the street thinks that science is the collection of the
solid knowledge. But the writers repudiate this idea. Science is not the name of telephone
directory book or the menu of a restaurant. Science is rational but only a little bit. Scientific
thoughts ultimately rest on the observation. The meanings of term, deductions from theories
and connection between different facts are science. Logic is applied to science constantly. The
functions of mathematics and its laws are science. Without calculus, the work of Issac
Newton woiuld not have been possible. Science is a cumulative knowledge in the regard of its
effects. The present knowledge of science is based on past and so it goes on in the same way.
Scientific conclusions and results are temporarily. There is nothing final in science. Things
can be changed within the passage of time. Science is self corrective. Its mistakes are
eliminated by the help of more scientific work. The cumulative process is applicable to

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science only. The present work of science is based on past. Therefore in art, there is no play
writer, no poet or sculptor has improved the art work. The effects of past can easily be seen in
art. The work of art is the creation of the individual efforts. The works of Dante, Shakeaspear
and Michel Angelo is the part of past and nothing is changed in it. Every artist starts from a
scratch. He refuses to build on past artistic achievements. A scientist knows that science is
continuity. Science is the process of development. Science is empirical and cumulative.
August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains

By: Ray Bradbury
"August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains" addresses the central fear of its time—a nuclear
holocaust. In 1945, for the first time in human history, the end of the world became a real
possibility, and writers of Ray Bradbury's generation were clearly influenced by that event. What
is uncommon about "August 2026," then, is not its theme of nuclear disaster but its view of the
technology that made such a disaster possible. The opening lines of the story introduce the
reader to a house without inhabitants in a city without survivors in a world that may well be
devoid of human life. The house seems to be the only structure still standing in Allendale,
California, and all that is left of the McClellan family, who once lived there, are the silhouettes
of their bodies left on the outside of the west wall by the nuclear firestorm. In this post human
story the house serves as the central character. The house is fully automated, capable of waking
its inhabitants in the morning, reminding them of appointments and bills to be paid, preparing
their meals, doing the dishes, cleaning, setting up tables for an afternoon bridge game, and even
reading them poetry in the evening. It operates without the need for human intervention or
decision, and so it continues to do its various tasks even when those it once served are gone. The
house does not know that its inhabitants have been turned into ruined. Bradbury offers the house
an emotional life of sorts by giving it a maternal voice, "Rain, rain, go away; rubbers, raincoats
for today". The story records the last day in the life of the house, August 4, 2026, almost 81
years to the day after the first atomic bombs were used against a civilian population in Japan.
The day seems ordinary enough, despite the fact that there is no family within the walls of the
house and perhaps no world outside. But this is not an ordinary day. At ten o'clock, writes
Bradbury, "the house began to die." There is an accident; the wind blows a tree branch through
the kitchen window, and a bottle of cleaning solvent splatters across the hot stove. The fire
spreads quickly, and though the house tries to save itself with its built-in defense mechanisms, it
fails. By morning, only one wall is left standing, and an electronic voice repeats the same words
over and over: "Today is August 5, 2026, today is August 5, 2026, today is…." The technology
that makes this utopian house possible is the same technology that makes nuclear war possible,
and Bradbury does not want the reader to overlook this connection. In facvt the writer wants to
criticize the evil technology which might eradicate the whole of mankind. The writer has given
us the horrible picture of future. There might be horrible and negative dimension with the
progress of science.

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TV Addiction
By: Marie Winn
Questions:
Why has the writer called TV viewing as an addiction? Elaborate.
What are the difficulties and problems TV has created in our life?
Addiction is the excessive obsession of some activity. TV viewing has also become an
addiction. TV addiction is similar to drug and alcohol addiction. The addict of TV feels
discomfort without it as an alcoholic and drug addict do. He can’t live without it. He remains
“Hooked on TV”. It becomes difficult to get rid of both TV addiction and drug addiction. The
heavy addict says, “I find television almost irresistible.” The life without TV is passive and
inactive. TV addiction gives pleasure and happiness to its addicts. He feels relaxed. He doesn’t
feel normal without TV. The man who has no imagination has no wings. So TV makes a
person imaginative and he flies the flight of thoughts when he watches TV. The addict doesn’t
want to face reality and idealizes himself into an escaped world. He consoles himself with series
of idealized imaginations. The addicts of both TV and drugs want to do it again and again. Both
the addictions waste the sense of time. The addicts forget that time and tide waits for none. They
remain stuck to TV and don’t play role in their actual life. The television habit distorts the sense
of time. It reduces their social interactions. The addicts don’t get opportunity to communicate
with others. The addiction of TV makes it addict lethargic. The writer has used exaggeration in
the descrption of TV as it is less harmful than drug addiction as the addict leads a damaged life.
The drug and heroin addicts suffer from health problems. But TV addicts don’t have such
problems. The writer says it “Cookies addicts”. Mostly they face emotional problems. It can be
concluded that TV addiction is as dangerous as drug addiction. It harms social and personal life
of an individual. Excess of everything is bad. TV watching for a suitable time is not bad. It is the
source of entertainment. Moreover it is very necessary in this globalized world. However its use
by the students and women create a lot of problems.
REPORT WRITING
What is a Report?
A report is a short, sharp, concise document which is written for a particular purpose and
audience. It generally sets outs and analyses a situation or problem, often making
recommendations for future action. It is a factual paper, and needs to be clear and well-
structured.
Requirements
Reports may contain some or all of the following elements:
 A description of a sequence of events or a situation;
 Some interpretation of the significance of these events or situation, whether solely your
own analysis or informed by the views of others, always carefully referenced of course
 An evaluation of the facts or the results of your research;
 Discussion of the likely outcomes of future courses of action;
 Your recommendations as to a course of action; and
 Conclusions.

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If you’re writing a report in the workplace, check whether there are any standard guidelines or
structure that you need to use.
Sections and Numbering
A report is designed to lead people through the information in a structured way, but also to
enable them to find the information that they want quickly and easily. Reports usually, therefore,
have numbered sections and subsections, and a clear and full contents page listing each heading.
It follows that page numbering is important.
Getting Started: Prior Preparation And Planning
The structure of a report is very important to lead the reader through your thinking to a course of
action and/or decision. It’s worth taking a bit of time to plan it out beforehand.
Step 1: Know your brief
You will usually receive a clear brief for a report, including what you are studying and for whom
the report should be prepared.
First of all, consider your brief very carefully and make sure that you are clear who the report is
for (if you're a student then not just your tutor, but who it is supposed to be written for), and why
you are writing it, as well as what you want the reader to do at the end of reading: make a
decision or agree a recommendation, perhaps.
Step 2: Keep your brief in mind at all times
During your planning and writing, make sure that you keep your brief in mind: who are you
writing for, and why are you writing?
All your thinking needs to be focused on that, which may require you to be ruthless in your
reading and thinking. Anything irrelevant should be discarded.
As you read and research, try to organise your work into sections by theme, a bit like writing a
Literature Review.
Make sure that you keep track of your references, especially for academic work. Although
referencing is perhaps less important in the workplace, it’s also important that you can
substantiate any assertions that you make so it’s helpful to keep track of your sources of
information.
The Structure of a Report

Like the precise content, requirements for structure vary, so do check what’s set out in any
guidance.However, as a rough guide, you should plan to include at the very least an executive
summary, introduction, the main body of your report, and a section containing your conclusions
and any recommendations.
Executive Summary
The executive summary or abstract, for a scientific report, is a brief summary of the contents. It’s
worth writing this last, when you know the key points to draw out. It should be no more than half
a page to a page in length. Remember the executive summary is designed to give busy
'executives' a quick summary of the contents of the report.
Introduction
The introduction sets out what you plan to say and provides a brief summary of the problem
under discussion. It should also touch briefly on your conclusions.
Report Main Body
The main body of the report should be carefully structured in a way that leads the reader through
the issue. You should split it into sections using numbered sub-headings relating to themes or

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areas for consideration. For each theme, you should aim to set out clearly and concisely the main
issue under discussion and any areas of difficulty or disagreement. It may also include
experimental results. All the information that you present should be related back to the brief and
the precise subject under discussion.
Conclusions and Recommendations
The conclusion sets out what inferences you draw from the information, including any
experimental results. It may include recommendations, or these may be included in a separate
section. Recommendations suggest how you think the situation could be improved, and should
be specific, achievable and measurable. If your recommendations have financial implications,
you should set these out clearly, with estimated costs if possible.
A Word on Writing Style
When writing a report, your aim should be to be absolutely clear. Above all, it should be easy to
read and understand, even to someone with little knowledge of the subject area.
You should therefore aim for crisp, precise text, using plain English, and shorter words rather
than longer, with short sentences.
You should also avoid jargon. If you have to use specialist language, you should explain each
word as you use it. If you find that you’ve had to explain more than about five words, you’re
probably using too much jargon, and need to replace some of it with simpler words.
Consider your audience.
If the report is designed to be written for a particular person, check whether you should be
writing it to ‘you’ or perhaps in the third person to a job role: ‘The Chief Executive may like to
consider…’, or ‘The minister is recommended to agree…’, for example.
A Final Warning
As with any academic assignment or formal piece of writing, your work will benefit from being
read over again and edited ruthlessly for sense and style.
Pay particular attention to whether all the information that you have included is relevant. Also
remember to check tenses, which person you have written in, grammar and spelling. It’s also
worth one last check against any requirements on structure.
Report on Survey of Sunday Bazaar.
Date: May 17, 2018
To,
The Mayor,
Municipal Corporation,
Lahore.
From: Inspector Marketing.
Subject: Survey of a Sunday Bazaar
Sir,
Introduction:
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Kindly refer to your letter No. 1015 dated May 15, 2018, about the subject cited above. I have
prepared a report and submit it as under.
Visit to Sunday Bazaar:
As soon as I received your orders, I visited the Sunday Bazaar held at the main crossing of
Garden Town. The Bazaar offered a sight of great activity. There were temporary booths for the
use of daily provisions of life. The booths of fruit, vegetables meat and grocery were the main
sight of activity. Each booth was covered with shamiana. This Bazaar was held by the
Government to sell various provisions of daily used at cheap rates.
Quality of things sold in the bazaar:
I surveyed the bazaar and found that the fruit and vegetables marketed in the bazaar were of poor
quality. They were neither fresh nor very cheap. They were sold slightly at a lower rate than that
of a competitive market. The beef and mutton booths were not covered. Flies and dust had
settled on the meat. The dirty and unhealthy meat was bought by a large number of customers.
Poor arrangement:
The Sunday bazaar did not have any security arrangement. Only one or two police constables
were seen in the campus. The young street urchins teased and harassed the women customers.
The crowd in the bazaar was disorderly. The dusty and polluted atmosphere was sickly and
nauseating.
Complaints of the people:
I interviewed many customers and found that they were not happy with the quality of the bazaar.
They complained against high rates of different things and their poor quality. Moreover, they
were not satisfied with the performance of the administration.
Suggestions:
It is suggested;
i. The Sunday bazaar of Garden Town should be really made useful for the people.
ii. The shopkeepers and vendors must be fined if they sell their articles at higher rates.
iii. The magistrate on duty must take stock of the quality of different edibles and punish the
defaulter.
Signed
The A.B.C
Write a report on beggars and begging on the Railways Station of your city from a Social
Welfare Officer to the Director General Social Welfare Department, Lahore
May 15, 2010.
To,
The Director-General,
Social Welfare Department,
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Lahore.
From: Social Welfare Office.
Subject: Beggars and begging in the Main Bazaar of City ABC.
Sir,
Introduction:
I have been asked by you to submit a report on the beggars and begging on the Railways Station
of my city ABC. After receiving your orders I visited the Railways Station. The Railways
Station of my city is a crowded area and there were a lot of beggars. I can define these beggers
under three categories which are as under.
Fake and Professional Beggars:
The majority of the beggars there was fake and professional. They are well trained in this
profession and make sentimental cries and heart rendering appeals. They beg in the name of
religion and morality. They use different tactics to attract the attention of passengers. Few of
them have fake bandages on their arms or heads. Some of them crawl on the road. The
passengers and their relatives who come there to receive them take pity on them and give some
money.
Child Beggars:
I found a lot of child beggars there who pester everyone at the time of arrival of a train. Some of
them belong to poor and downtrodden families but some are from professional families which I
have mentioned already. They are quite young. When a train reaches the Station they rush to the
passengers and beg some alms from them. They are very large in number. They should be in
schools instead of being there.
Genuine Beggars:
After the first 2 categories now I will come to the real ones. There are only a few beggars who
are genuine. In fact, they are the people who need a real financial help. Some of them are
widows and others are old, weak and disabled persons who are not able to work.
Suggestions:
It is suggested;
i. Begging should be prohibited by law.
ii. The beggars who are weak or disabled and cannot work must be kept in charitable
institutions. The Government should arrange some light work like knitting, washing,
cooking for them.

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iii. Professional beggars must be treated strictly by Police department as per law and set to
some work.
iv. Real and needy beggars should be properly helped. Child beggars should be sent to school
and government should look after them.
Signed
X.Y.Z
(Social Welfare Officer)
Write a report on the labour problems of factory and mill workers of your city from a
social welfare officer to the Director General Social Welfare Department, Lahore.
Date: June 18, 2010.
To,
The Director General,
Social Welfare Department,
Lahore.
From: Social Welfare Officer
Subject: Labour problems of workers.
Sir,
Introduction:
Kindly refer to your letter No.A-3020, dated June 13, 2018 about the submission of a report, on
the subject cited above. l have to submit the following for your kind consideration.
1. On the re¢eipt of your orders, I visited many factories and famous mills of the city. I
interviewed labourers and members of the administration and found that our industrial workers
were working under pitiable conditions.
Poor working condition.
The workers in almost all the factories and mills were threatened with the insecurity of service.
They are employed on temporary basis. They were afraid of being dismissed from service on one
pretext or the other. That is why they did not work with satisfaction.
Nature of work:
They worked from morning to evening with a break of an hour. If they were late in the morning
for only a few minutes, they were not allowed to attend to their duty. They were scolded and
taken to task for late arrival. Sometimes, they had a geniune reason for their late arrival but the
administration did not pay attention to it. They could hardly make both ends meet with this
scanty amount of money.
Entertainment facilities:
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The labourers had to work for many hours continuously. Their work was tiresome and
exhausting but they were not given enough time for refreshment. Most of the factories did not
have canteens, where they could have something to eat and drink. the factories have canteens do
not sell the articles of food at subsidized rates. Moreover, the articles of food sold at these
canteens were of substandard quality.
Medical Facilities:
The injured workers did not get real medical facilities. In the Social Security Hospital, they did
not get proper treatment without some influence. The hospitals did not give them costly
treatment. The medical staff often ill-treated them. In some of the cases, the injured labourers
died for want of medical aid.
Suggestions:
It is suggested;
i. The working hours of all the mills should be fixed.
ii. The labourers should be given real medical facilities.
iii. Their wages should be increased.
iv. They should be given three extra bonus per year to meed their extraordinary expenses.
v. They should be treated by the administration politely and their problems should be solved
sympathetically.
vi. Standard of medical treatment for the labourers should be improved.
Signed
A.B.C
( Social Welfare Officer)
The Head of the English Department has asked a lecturer to write a report on the
difficulties of students in learning English in Classes. Write that report posing as a
lecturer.
Report on Difficulties in Learning English.
Date: May 20, 2018
To,
The Head of the English Department,

Govt. College Mianwali.
From: Lecturer in English.
Subject: Report on Difficulties in Learning English

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Sir,
Kindly refer to your letter No. 412 dated May 18, 2018, about the subject cited above. t have
prepared a report and submit it as under.
Rural background:
I have interviewed and talked to a large number of students about the deficiency they suffer from
in English. A discussion with them has revealed that they do not have a command over English
due to their rural background. in the villages, there is no proper arrangement for learning of
English. Most of the schools do not have trained teachers to teach the students. The students who
belong to some village, have poor pronunciation, weak vocabulary and faulty knowledge of
grammar‫۔‬
Overpacked sections:
The students fail to learn English in our college because the sections for English teaching are
overcrowded. The Govt. has limited each section to fifty students, but in our college, each
section consists of more than one hundred students. The overcrowding of sections affects the
quality of teaching badly.
A difficult subject:
English being a foreign language is a difficult subject. The students do not test any attraction to
learn it. it is a common fact that the students fail to understand a subject which is not interesting
to them.
Teachers are not hardworking:
The students complain that the English teachers of our college are not very hardworking. They
are not professionally trained and skilful. They do not write on the blackboard. They do not
check the notebooks of the students. They do not make them read the prescribed text in the class.
The result is that the students do not develop writing power and remain weak in writing correct
spellings. The teaching of grammar is always verbal. If rules of grammar are written on the
blackboard, the students may have a better idea of English grammar.
Suggestions:
The following suggestions are submitted to improve the learning of English:
i. The sections for the teaching of English Should be limited to a sizeable number of boys.
ii. The teachers must be urged to check the notebooks of the students.
iii. They must be directed to write on blackboards.
Signed
(X.Y.Z)
Report Writing Example on Road Accidents by a Police Inspector to SSP of your city.
Dated: July 19, 2010

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To,
Senior Superintendent of Police,

X.Y.Z. City.
From: Police Inspector A.B.C.
Subject: Traffic Accidents in the city
Sir,
Introduction:
Kindly refer to your letter No.438 dated 1st July 2010 on the subjects cited above. I have
prepared a report about the recent traffic accidents which took place in the month of June.
On the receipt of your orders, I visited the different places of accidents and found the following:
A rickshaw collided with a bus on June 20, 2021, at the corner of G.T.S stop. The bus was
coming at full speed.The corner had a great crowd of people there. In the accident, the three fares
sitting in the rickshaw were killed on the spot. The bus driver was arrested, duly challaned and
set to prison on the charge of killing innocent people.
Another very serious accident took place near the Civil Hospital Chowk. A private Toyota car
No.SGD 4398 ran over a cyclist. The cyclist was crushed to death. On enquiry, it was found that
the brakes of the car failed. The car needed repair but the owner of the car did not worry about it.
Another serious accident took place recently near the Govt. College Stop. A fast bus coming
from Jhang ran over the college boys, who were waiting for the college bus. In that accident,
many students were injured but two of them were killed on the spot.
Conclusion:
In most of the accidents, it was seen that fast speed was the cause of accidents. Most of the roads
of the city are narrow and are in a bad condition. The flow of traffic is jammed by slow-moving
vehicles. The bus drivers run their buses carelessly and do not give any importance to the life of
the innocent citizens.
Suggestions:
It is suggested;
i. The license of the drivers who run their buses beyond the fixed rate of speed should be
cancelled to set an example for other drivers.
ii. The roads of the city should be widened and repaired.
iii. Old vehicles should be withdrawn from all the city routes.
iv. Show moving vehicles should be discouraged.
Signed
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A.B.C
( Police Inspector)
ESSAY WRITING
Smog in Lahore
Every December, thick fog descends upon Lahore, blocking out the winter
sunshine, closing off the motorway after dusk and preventing flights from landing at the
international airport at night.
The problem has grown worse over the last five years due to the high levels
of pollution and poor air quality in the city, created by increasing vehicular and industrial
emissions. Even during the summer months, there is now a permanent haze hanging over the city
that is only relieved when it rains and the pollution is washed away for a short while.
Air pollution is an issue that needs to be urgently addressed as Lahore is now
considered amongst the most polluted cities in Asia. In the winter months, with delayed rainfall,
the cold and continuously dry conditions concentrate all the pollutants in the lower levels of the
atmosphere, causing the smog to spread all over the Punjab.
“After a month of thick fog or rather smog, we finally saw some sunshine
last week after some light rain came down the night before,” explains a resident of the Lahore
Canal area. “We are so sick of the cold and damp that comes with the smog each year.” The
foggy conditions also lower the daytime temperatures since there is little sunshine to warm up
the day.
According to Dr Qamar uz Zaman Chaudhry, national climate change expert
and former Director General of Pakistan’s Meteorological Department, “The main source of the
pollutants in our lower atmosphere is Eastern Punjab where all the coal based industries are
centered (across the border in India). Of course, we have added our share of the pollutants as
well from factory and car emissions.”
In places near irrigation canals, rice paddies and rivers where there is more
moisture available, the fog gets even thicker. The smog only gets cleared when it rains, washing
away the lower layers of the atmosphere where all the harmful gases and other pollutants are
trapped near the ground.
Lahore, along with New Delhi, has recently been listed amongst the top 10
worst cities for smog in 2014 according to the Deutche Welle website. Until industries on both
sides of the border start cleaning up their emissions and people start using more fuel-efficient
transportation, people will just have to avoid going outdoors or wear masks as they do in the
heavily polluted cities of China in Beijing. Breathing in all these trapped pollutants (dust and
harmful substances like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide) is not exactly
healthy. Industrial smog can in fact create major health risks, including asthma, lung tissue
damage, bronchial infections and heart problems.
Last month, the Government of the Punjab submitted a report to the Supreme
Court of Pakistan on the steps taken to curtail pollution in the province. According to the report,
there has been a great increase in the number of vehicles in Lahore during the recent past, which
has resulted in worsening air quality.

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The report also pointed out that there is now a complete ban on the issuance
of registration and route permit of two stroke engine rickshaws (introduced in 2005) and the
process of conversion or replacement of existing 2-stroke rickshaws into 4-stroke rickshaws has
been initiated. However, many of the motor vehicles plying the city roads have old engines that
guzzle petrol and diesel and spew out poisonous fumes and there is a need for stricter laws on
banning these vehicles.
Labourers work at a brick kiln near Lahore. Open burning, vehicles, factories
and power generation contribute significantly to the air pollution in Lahore.
The government should restrain the growth of cars with parking restraints and taxes in the
city and implement priority action for power plants, open burning, generator sets and
construction.
Lahore could do well to take a leaf out of Delhi's book and perhaps initiate a programme
similar to that of the CSE, albeit on a government level.
According to the Health Effects Institute, the damage from the poor air quality ranges is
not just limited to public health. Heritage (nitric sulfuric acid erosion), natural resources and
agriculture are also greatly effected.
There is a need for a comprehensive action plan to address worsening levels of pollution
not only in Lahore but throughout the country in which NGOs and the media will have to play a
pivotal role.
My Aim In Life
Co-Education
Why I Love Pakistan
Outline:
The introduction
Advantages
Realities attached to aim |co-education / love of Pakistan
My wishes
The conclusion
“Great are those
who are important
for the others”.
The world has its charm and attraction. No doubt some laymen try to find pleasures in
getting the material things. They have their only aim is to get relaxation from the world. They do
not love even their country.
“Education has great value
but some people mix up
co-education in simple education”.
I love my country because it is an Islamic country. But the problem is here that real Islamic rules
and regulations are not available.
My aim in life is to eliminate the evil ideas from Pakistan especially in the field of
education. I love Pakistan because education is the most important thing over here. There is no
doubt when one starts to think about Islam, one accepts that co-education should not be allowed
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here. My aim is though entirely different from all these people who wish to be doctors,
engineers, professors etc by studying in co-education system. Because when I see co-education
system in my beloved Islamic country I become angry.
“I love Pakistan so
I do not want to
learn more English than the English”.
Our ancestors got freedom by sacrificing their lives. They did not like the life style of the
English but some cats’ paw of England left here after their departure so I do not care of my life
but I do care of Islamic modesty.
“I can sacrifice my life
but I will not allow the
free mix up of boys
and girls thus this is
my utmost desire”.
My country demands from us the true dedication and proper mission and that is only
possible at that time when we would truly love it. No doubt some people consider me extremist
that my aim is different but I will act upon it for the love of my country.
“May Allah help me in my
noble mission to end co-education
Ameen!”
QUAID E AZAM/ALLAMA IQBAL,

MY FAVOURITE PERSONALITY, MY
HERO IN HISTORY
Outline:
The introduction
Basic education
Higher education
Work for nation
Death
History is replete with many historical
personalities. Their achievements are
the guiding stars for the people.
The great people set the way of glorious achievements to their nations. Their activities
made their names alive for ever. Some people worked in field of sports, some in the field of

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science and some in the field of politics but my favourite personality is that who worked in the
fields of humanity.
Quaid-E-Azam/Allama Iqbalis the man
who did not care for the benefits
of his own self but humanity.
Quaid-E-Azam/Allama Iqbal was born in Karachi/Sialkot on 25th Dec 1877 / 9th Nov 1876. He
got his earlier education from home then he went to the school. After the completion of his
school education, he studied in a college. There he got prominent marks and went for higher
studies abroad. Therefore, he soon returned. Quaid-E-Azam/Allama Iqbal was that person who
even his earlier days showed the brilliance of a great leader. He came to the country and started
his practical life.
He also started to think about the poor
condition and poor people of his country.
Quaid-E-Azam/Allama Iqbal was against the British rule. He sensed that the country
needed freedom rather than slavery. He worked for the freedom. He did not care of his health.
For days and nights, he thought about his only one mission.
He worked like a blind horse for the nation.
Firstly he worked for the unity of Hindus and Muslims but later he came to know that
Hindus had set their own separate goal. He changed his mind for the betterment of the Muslims
only. At last, his untiring efforts brought fruits of independence. But he could not live long to
enjoy the fruits of independence. Today he is not with us but his name, his work/ poetry and his
dedication are still guiding us. He passed away on 11 Sep, 1948/ 21 April 1938. His name will
alive for ever. May his soul rest in peace! (Ameen)
He has died but as it is said,
“Great People never die.”
so he is with us forever.
ESSAY ABOUT GOOD VALUES

SR # Topic Meaning SR # Topic Meaning
1 BOOK READING ‫کتابیں پڑھنا‬ 21 PLANTATION ‫شجرکاری‬
2 FAMILY PLANNING ‫خاندانی منصوبہ بندی‬ 22 DEDICATION ‫لگن‬
3 AMUSEMENT ‫خوشیاں‬ 23 HARD WORK ‫محنت‬
4 FRIENDSHIP ‫دوستی‬ 24 PATRIOTISM ‫حب الوطنی‬
5 GOOD MANNERS ‫اچھے اطوار‬ 25 CLEANLINESS ‫صفائی‬
6 NATIONAL UNITY ‫قومی اتحاد‬ 26 AIMS ‫مقاصد‬
7 HOBBIES ‫مشاغل‬ 27 TRUTH ‫سچائی‬
8 RESPECT ‫عزت‬ 28 PILGRIMAGE ‫حج‬
9 HONESTY ‫ایمانداری‬ 29 LOVE WITH LEARNING ‫علم سے محبت‬
10 PROSPERITY ‫خوشحالی‬ 30 GREATNESS ‫عظمت‬
11 DEVELOPMENT ‫ترقی‬ 31 CONTENTMENT ‫قناعت پسندی‬
12 DEMOCRACY ‫جمہوریت‬ 32 DISCIPLINE ‫نظم و ضبط‬
13 CO OPERATION ‫تعاون‬ 33 VOLUNTARY ‫رضاکارانہ عمل‬
14 PRAYER ‫نماز‬ 34 LUXURY OF CITY ‫شہر کی آسائش‬
15 FASTS ‫روزہ‬ 35 SPORTS AND GAMES ‫کھیل‬
16 PHYSICAL EXERCISE ‫جسمانی ورزش‬ 36 OBEDIENCE OF ‫بزرگوں کی اعطاعت‬
ELDERS
17 AMBITIONS ‫ارادے‬ 37 EDUCATION ‫تعلیم‬

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18 PLEASURES OF ‫بچپن کی خوشیاں‬ 38 LOVE WITH ‫مزہب سے محبت‬

CHILDHOOD RELIGION
19 BEAUTY OF NATURE ‫فطرت کا حسن‬ 39 LOVE ‫محبت‬
20 SAVE NATURE ‫فطرت بچائو‬ 40 EARLY RISING ‫صبح کو جلد بیدار ہونا‬
The world is full with many pleasures and enjoyments. Man can make himself relaxed by
involving into those pleasures. Man needs such things as are helpful for him in his routine to
make him free from the worldly matters. There is no doubt that it is quite difficult for us to find
out the peaceful moments for soothing ourselves. But there are many things which can give us
amusements. _________________ is one of them. _______ means WRITE AT LEAST TWO TO
THREE SENTENCES IN YOUR OWN WORDS ABOUT THE TOPIC.
Allah Almighty has created man and bestowed him the power of wisdom. Man is utilizing
himself to enhance the dignity of mankind. It is true that there are many evil impacts which have
become a part and parcel of man’s surrounding but in spite of this………….. has given the
charm to his activities.
When someone ponders over the involvement of …………. in his routine life, he has to
accept that ………….is really fruitful in his life. ……………………is not only entertaining the
special group of people but ……………..has also blessing power upon every one.
…………….does not only at the special place but where ever we go……………..showers its
pleasures upon every one. There is no one who may ignore the pleasure and amusement of
…………….
………………….brightness the relations.
The strength of firm attitude is hidden in …………….Not only pleasures but the inner
relief is also due to this good value. The real prosperity, the advancement of the whole world and
the progress of each and every person are belonging to ………………. Everyone cannot help
enjoying himself by the many advantages of ……… It is essential to accept that true love of
peace and unity and harmony belong to …………
Therefore as there are many obstacles on the way of prosperity so the same situation is for
………… There are always the chances of improvement of each and every condition. Thus the
same matter is with ……….. The people have to think about ……………. seriously and it only
possible at that time when there would be true dedication for ………….There is no doubt that
____________ can end the moral, spiritual, social and other difficult matters of individual as
well groups. The men can become human beings. Pathos can turn into pleasures. Sorrows and
sufferings can abolish. It is only possible at that time when we will act upon………… in our
lives.
SR # Topic
List of Social Evils in Pakistan
Meaning SR # Topic Meaning
1 Unemployment ‫ بے روزگاری‬21 Utility bills inflation ‫بڑھتی ہوئی بلوں کی‬
‫قیمتیں‬
2 Smuggling ‫سمگلنگ‬ 22 Despair ‫مایوسی‬
3 Inflation ‫مہنگائی‬ 23 Depression ‫مایوسی‬
4 Dearness ‫مہنگائی‬ 24 Black marketing ‫کاال دہندا‬
5 Soaring prices ‫بھڑتی ہوئی قیمتیں‬ 25 Horse trading ‫رشوت کی کارستانی‬
6 Over population ‫بھڑتی ہوئی آبادی‬ 26 Leg pulling ‫دفاتر میں کھینچاتانی‬
7 Poverty ‫غربت‬ 27 Hoarding ‫ذخیرہ اندوزی‬
8 Drugs ‫نشہ‬ 28 Indiscipline ‫بدنظمی‬
9 Traffic problems ‫ٹریفککے مسائل‬ 29 Injustice ‫نا انصافی‬
10 Terrorism ‫دہشتگردی‬ 30 Hypocrisy ‫منافقت‬

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11 Mass crisis ‫ عوامی بحران‬31 Favoritism ‫سفارش‬

12 Bribery ‫ رشوت‬32 Political ‫سیاسیعدم استحکام‬
instability
13 Self reliance ‫تکبر‬ 33 Provincialism ‫صوبائیت‬
14 Nepotism ‫سفارش‬ 34 Insecurity ‫عدم تحفظ‬
15 Accountability ‫احتساب‬ 35 Regionalism ‫عالقایت‬
16 Tax invasion ‫ٹیکس چوری‬ 36 Street crime ‫مقامی جرائم‬
17 Dowry ‫جہیز‬ 37 Religious violence ‫مزہبی تشدد‬
18 Violence ‫تشدد‬ 38 Suicide attacks ‫خود کش حملہ‬
19 Debt problem ‫قرض کے مسائل‬ 39 Misuse of mobile phone ‫موبائل فون کا غلط استمعال‬
20 Load shedding ‫لوڈ شیڈنگ‬ 40 Pollution ‫آلودگی‬
MULTIPLE ESSAY ABOUT SOCIAL EVILS

Outline: The introduction of …………………
The evil effects of …………………
Causes of …………………
………………… creates most of the social and economic problems.
Suggestions to solve the reasons of …………………
The conclusion
…………………means WRITE TWO SENTENCES ABOUT THE TOPIC.………………… has become one of the
most dangerous problems in all over the world especially in the third world countries like
Pakistan. …………………is filled with dangerous situation and devastating dimensions.
…………………is not only weakening and demoralizing a nation but also creates tension in a
society. It spreads the feelings of disturbance in the public. The people feel themselves insecure
because of …………………. If this evil enters a society, it will eat the inner strength and outer
pleasures. The economic situation is disturbed totally. A nation is heaved fully.
………………… makes a society hollow. Its results come slowly but surely. The whole
country and the world disturb because of …………………. The poor becomes poorer and rich
becomes richer because of …………………… A nation has to face a lot of difficulties in all
over the world due to …………………. The people face hopelessness because of
…………………. We should not allow the people to spread …………………. A nation’s good
image is ended. It destroys economic, social, moral and spiritual values. If the evil of
………………… is not nipped in the bud, it will spread like bush fire. It deprives the people
from moral ethics. The people lose the trust upon the government at the helm.
………………… needs to be solved as soon as possible. The peace loving people
demand to end it soon. Press, government, politicians, NGOs, media, high gentry and public all
have to play their role to finish …………………. We want happiness, peace and progress.
Therefore it is possible at that time when ………………… will be thrown away. The teachers
should also play their part. They should educate their pupils in such a way that the upcoming
generation may avoid from …………………. Everyone should go against ………………….
Strict and heavy punishments must be there so that the culprit may think hundred times before
involving in …………………. We hope our country may get progress without
………………….
Life in a Big City

Outline:
The introduction

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The problems of the big cities

The enjoyments of the big cities
Suggestions
The conclusion
Lahore is one of the biggest cities in Pakistan and also one of the most thickly populated
cities in the world. Its population has increased rapidly and accordingly has given rise to many
social problems. People of this metropolis are becoming more and more concerned about solving
these serious problems, some of which are discussed below.
The ever-increasing rush of heavy traffic on the roads is resulting in heavy loss of human
life. One day or the other, people suffer from accidents due to reckless driving. Some lose their
vehicles and some go to the police. This is due to lack of civic sense in the citizens and violation
of traffic rules. Traffic jams, road quarrels, untidiness and damage of public property is also a
result of this problem.
The government has not done any planning to control this situation in the past two
decades. In the same manner, the government has never emphasized upon population
distribution. As a result, slum areas are rapidly being built, where poor labour lives. The
disordered development of small houses is spoiling the outlook of the city, as well as creating
problems of illegal electric connections, water supply and pollution. The authorities have failed
to reclaim the locations from these people. The academic career of children in Lahore is
unpredictable due to lack of good schools and institutions. The need of recreational institutions,
parks and play grounds is also felt at times and most of all joblessness creates problems for poor
people.
Another problem faced by the citizens of the city is the frequent power breakdowns.
Every other day, LESCO cuts down the electric supply without notice. This becomes a great
hurdle for industries and professional that use electric machinery for their work. Disturbance and
shortage of water supply is also a cause of discomfort among the citizens.
The attitude of beggars in Lahore is the most irritating problem. They are worthless idlers
robbing good-natural people. It has become their regular practice to crowd public spots and cheat
people. The adverse effects of begging problem are noticeable in some areas. There are too
many dirty and ownerless dogs roaming about in the streets of Lahore. They spread many
diseases and sometime become a danger by injuring people. Lack of environmental care among
people and drivers of public service vehicles is giving rise to pollution problems. Dust fills the
air in most of the roads all the time. Improper turned cars fill the atmosphere with deadly smoke
at hours of rush, which causes disease among the policemen and common public. The blowing of
pressure horns is always there, deafening the ears.
Lahore is also often subjected to terrorist activities. Bomb blasts and firings at public
spots are resulting in great loss of human life. The terrorists deserve no less than capital
punishment. It is the duty of the police to intensify their investigation to stop such activities.
For the well to do class, life in Lahore may be fascinating, but for other citizens it is a center of
drawbacks. It is only through the concentrated efforts of each and every person, including the
members of law-enforcing and administrative agencies, can we overcome these serious problems
of the metropolis.
Importance Of Plantation In Pakistan

Outline:
The introduction
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Importance of trees
The disadvantages of lack of plantation
The neat and green Pakistan
Suggestion
The conclusion
A major portion of the Pakistani flag is green but a vast area of the country is void of
greenery. The percentage of tree plantation, in Pakistan is very low. It is a pity to see that the
country that has the blessing of five rivers has very little greenery. According to the experts at
least one fourth of the area of a country must have forests. But Pakistan forests are less than 5%.
The tragedy is that we are bent upon cutting down the trees that were planted by our senior
generations. It is a very common sight that every other day numerous trees are being felled.
Sometimes to expand the roads and sometimes to construct new buildings sometimes we cut
down trees to get Timber. Whatever the reason, this practice is highly deplorable.
The more painful aspect of the picture is that there is no one ready to think of the
replacement of trees. Trees are the ornaments of the environment. The beautiful Earth turns the
deserts into an earthly Paradise when there are trees. They provide natural award to birds and
animals. They provide them food as well as shelter. The life running without trees gives a barren
look. No bird sings. Trees are the friends of humanity and share our feelings and moods. They
console us in our dark hours and enhance the effects of our jubilation.
The trees encourage living in this world despite of hardships and struggling. Literature
does not become effective unless we refer to birds, flowers, plants and the beings which live in
trees. There live those creatures which speak the universal language of the soul. We travel
hundreds of miles to see the beauty of these amazing objects of nature and learn from them the
precious secrets of life.
It is really sad and sorrowful that we are lacking of trees. We are facing hazardous
atmosphere and pollution is enveloping us because of the lack of trees. Tree plantation is the
major key to the most of our environmental problems. Trees provide pollution free atmosphere
and encounter the unhealthy activities of human being that bring harmful and damaging effects
to the atmosphere. A big tree provides oxygen that is sufficient for 36 children.
Our country is a tropical country so we should give special attention on tree plantation
because only through forest we can bring prosperity in our country. They will bring freshness to
the dry surroundings by adding moisture and oxygen. They will make the sandy land of our
deserts compact and will help in controlling soil erosion. They will also provide a natural
defense against floods.
We have the forest departments but the performance of the department is not highly
commendable. Every year millions of Rupees are spent on the tree plantation campaign but the
desired results are not achieved. The Prime Minister, Imran Khan launched an ambitious five
years CLEAN AND GREEN PAKISTAN complain aim at the country and preserving a better
environment for coming generation. This initiative if pursued in letter and spirit, has the
potential to change entire landscape of the country improve its environment significantly.
The government has to take radical steps for increasing the greenery in our country. For
this purpose the parents, their children, teachers should corporate with civic agencies in keeping
their areas and surroundings neat and clean NGOs, print and electronic media, social media and
every member of a society join hands together and make the country clean and green.
Women's Place In Our Society

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Outline:
The introduction
The women of past
The women of present
Education for women
Thinking of the narrow minded people
The conclusion
Today women are enjoying high place in our society because Islam has given them great
respect. In the near past women were considered inferior to men. They were debarred from
taking part in social life. Their sphere of activities was limited to domestic work. Up to the 19th
century it was believed that women were the servants of the homes of their husbands. In those
days women were not allowed to take part in political and social life and administration.
Rousseau the French philosopher who never married once said “The dignity of woman consists
in being unknown to the world”.
Quite recently women have come to take more and more prominent part in many spheres
of life. In some respect, they have excelled men. In sports, intellectual and artistic pursuits in
office and industry, they have set a new record of honesty and efficiency. They have succeeded
marvelously as teachers and nurses. Goldsmith the famous poet and writer made a complaint two
centuries ago “Women famed of their valour their skill in politics or their learning have left the
duties of their own sex in order to invade the privilege of ours”. This is what the women are
doing today. Now women are enjoying that place in society.
There is particularly no field where women are not competing with men. In professions,
out-door life and law they claim equality with men. In business, trade, industry, in the learned
professions in politics, administration, scientific research literary and artistic activities they are
competing men. The daughters of Eve are making themselves felt everywhere. They are police
and military officers. They are working as sale girls, air hostesses and as clerks and steno typists.
They are turning out men from the posts of personal secretaries. As the days pass we have to get
more and more used to the idea of seeing women working side by side of men riding driving,
flying, playing games even fighting the war. In Pakistan, we have women athletes writers,
leaders, administrators. They are in purdah and without it taking an active role in outdoor life.
Law has given woman a status which is equal to that of man. In nearly every democratic country
women have the right to vote. Not only this now women have got a chance to become the head
of the state. The selection of Benazir Bhutto as Prime Minister twice is a great example of
women's place in our society.
Many thinkers including most of the Muslims do not like their idea of woman liking an
active part in public life and in the professions. They argue that biologically woman's function is
different from man's she has to be a mother. Women are not suitable for every job. They are too
delicate to perform arduous duties of life. The real greatness of a woman lies in her role as
mother. It is rightly said that the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. The mother who can
bring up the right sort of children is really a great benefactor of society. Islamic society gives a
very respectable position to woman. The Holy Prophet has said "Verily the paradise lies under
the feet of your mother".
Floods In Pakistan
Outline:
Introduction
The main reason for the 2011 floods
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Social impact of the floods

The growth rate of the country
Conclusion
The problem of floods in Pakistan is not new as it dates back to the year of independence
1947 when the first major flood hit Pakistan. Since then eight more floods of even greater
magnitude in 1954, 1970, 1988, 1992, 2001, 2005, 2007, and 2010 have caused heaps of
destruction in the country taking the lives of millions of people and leaving billions of them
homeless. However the latest flood in 2010 was the most devastating which damaged the
infrastructure and economy of the country.
The main reason for the 2011 floods was the heavy monsoon rainfall in all four provinces
of the country. The severity of the flood could be determined by the fact that one-fifth of
Pakistan's total land area was underwater. The floods took the lives of more than 2000 people
and had a direct impact on the lives of 20 million other people by wiping out their property,
livelihood and infrastructure.
With the country already facing power shortages, the floods added to the misery as 10000
transmission lines and transformers were crushed resulting in an approximate power shortage of
3.135 Gigawatts. The floods also had an adverse impact on the health of the population in the
flood affected areas spreading diseases like gastroenteritis, diarrhea and various other skin
diseases. While the social impact of the floods was tremendous, the economic impact of it on the
country was no less. According to the International Labour Organization about 5.3 million
people lost their jobs as an aftermath of the flood. The floods affected many agricultural farms in
the country destroying crops which further had a negative impact on other related industries like
the Textile manufacturing industry which already was under severe financial and economic
troubles.
The floods received extensive media coverage due to which many of the celebrities also
got forward to help collect funds for the flood relief. Various programs were aired on channels
like Geo, ARY, etc in which celebrities from the showbiz and sports appealed for contributions.
Although the floods in Pakistan bought high volumes of devastation for the country it also
lightened up a spirit of patriotism and humanity in the people. While terrorism and crime rate
were at the peak and people were scared to get out of their homes, this disastrous situation
allowed them to forget all their fears and come forward to help the country in times
Mobile Phone
Outline:
The introduction
Mobile phone is useful for all
Pakistan is a big market for the mobile phone companies
Time of an emergency and mobile phone
Latest mobile Phone
Negative Impacts of mobile phone on our society
The conclusion
Mobile phone is a wonderful gift of science. It is a gift to society. It has revolutionized the
world of communication. Now a man can have communication anywhere, anytime to anyone
sitting thousands of kilometers away from him. Though it is a small instrument, yet it can
perform big functions. The latest version of it offers many great facilities including music
system, photography, internet, computer, etc. It is, in fact, an improved version of landline phone

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which has facilitated communication. Now we can talk whether we are in car, bus, train or
airplane.
Mobile phones have received overwhelming response from all across the world. Now
everyone has a mobile phone. It is useful for all. A businessman uses it to keep in touch with his
clients, customers, his workers and other associates affiliated to him. It has contributed to his
business expansion. Even green grocer and plumber have a mobile phone. It helps them in their
business dealings. Almost all the big cities are well-connected by the mobile phones. Even in
remote villages mobile facility is available. Many big companies have come in this field. Severe
competition among them has caused to a fall in the prices of the instrument and cost of the
services as well. As a result, now even middle class and lower middle class people find it
convenient to afford mobile. This has led to increase the value of business in Pakistan.
The mobile phone market in Pakistan is booming day by day. Pakistan being a big market
offers tremendous business opportunities. Big multinationals from across the world are rushing
to Pakistan. This has made the market good in favour of the customers. It along with many other
factors has brought the prices down.
Mobile phones have particular value during the time of an emergency, such as an
accident, robbery, murder or sudden serious illness. Today mobile, which once was a luxury, has
become a necessity. We cannot think of life without mobile phones. Today man, woman, elderly
person even school-going and college-going children make use of mobiles.
The latest mobile phone has many more facilities. It has a music system, video game,
recorder, speaker, camera and even internet facility available in it. A mobile phone user can use
it as a recorder. It is of great facility to the media persons. They no longer need to carry a
camera, recorder, speaker, etc. An executive can deal his business even while they are far from
their work place. It has removed the boredom particularly during travelling.
Mobile phone has some negative impact on society. It has facilitated the task of anti-
social elements. The underworld and the criminals carry on their business sitting far away with
great ease and convenience. Mobiles phones have adversely affected the reading habits
particularly of the young students. The time they should devote to some light reading, they enjoy
video games. It has affected social interaction. Through mobile phones they send greetings and
good wishes to their dear ones and share their feelings rather than their personal contact.
However, mobile phones are wonderful inventions of science. It is up to the users, how
they use of them. If used properly, they are indeed a boon to us.
Energy Crisis In Pakistan

Outline:
Introduction
Pakistan’s Energy Sector
Sources of Energy in Pakistan
Causes of Energy Crisis
Consequences of Energy Crisis
Recommendation/Solutions of Energy Crisis
Conclusion
Energy is considered to be life line of any economy and most vital instrument of
socioeconomic development of a country. Energy is vital in running machinery in factories and
industrial units, for lightening our cities and powering our vehicles etc.
There has been an enormous increase in the demand of energy as a result of industrial
development and population growth. Pakistan’s energy infrastructure is not well developed,
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rather it is considered to be underdeveloped and poorly managed. Currently the country is facing
severe energy crisis. This shortage is badly hampering the economic growth of Pakistan.
Over the years there is greater need of energy because of;
Increase in population,
Enhancement in lifestyle
Industrial and agricultural growth
Greater transportation needs
Energy is pivotal for running all other resources and crisis of energy directly influences
all other sectors of the economy. The economic progress is hampered by decline in agricultural
productivity as well as by halting in operations of industries. Agricultural productivity of
Pakistan is decreasing due to provision of energy for running tube wells, agricultural machinery
and production of fertilizers and pesticides. Thus higher energy means higher agricultural
productivity.
Nearly all Industrial units are running with the energy and breakage in energy supply is
having dire consequences on industrial growth. Energy crisis contributes towards
unemployment. Load shedding is primarily related to the domestic usage of energy (cooking,
heating and water provision). Load shedding cause unrest and frustration amongst the people and
results in agitation against the government. The students can study properly at night. Declination
in economic growth, lower agricultural productivity, unemployment and shackling industrial
growth are increasing poverty. Currently, around forty percent of our population is living beyond
poverty line and this ratio is increasing day by day.
Energy Crisis has, more or less, plagued all sectors of Pakistan’s machinery ranging from
economy to industry, agriculture to social life, inflation to poverty and it is hampering national
progress in a drastic manner. Nonetheless, menace of energy crisis can be overwhelmed by
government through making effective policies. Simultaneously, it is the responsibility of us, the
people of Pakistan, to utilize the available energy astutely and wisely to play our due role for
progress of the country.
Cultural Value Of Festivals

Outline:
The introduction
Reasons to celebrate the festivals
Eid Ul Fitr
Eid Ul Azha
The conclusion
Cultures throughout the world are marked by the mutual moments of cheerfulness. These
events are called festivals and these are celebrated by the followers of that culture all across the
world. The true spirit of tradition is accentuated in the festive atmosphere. Happiness and
welfare are the forces at work in bringing prosperity to whole society.
Festivals give enjoyment and enhance cultural value. Conformity to traditions is
highlighted. Set rules are formed and followed to make out maximum of these special days. The
roots of establishment of a festival day may be attached to religion, social order or weather.
Every cultural day has its own range of fashion, dress code, accessories and set of obligations to
perform. Social interaction is an indispensable part of these festivals. People mingle with their
friends and family and take out time from their busy schedules to share the bliss with others.
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Eid is an Arabic word it means festival. There are two big festivals in Muslim culture. Eid
ul Fitr and Eid ul Adha. On the day of Eid people enjoy and express happiness and offer prayers
in the form of group.....usually they gather in an Open land or in a Mosque and pray in
congregation and ask Allah for His blessing, forgiveness of all sins and ask for success in this
life and hereafter. So it is clear that Eid celebration is not only an expression of our happiness
but also it expresses the spiritual happiness. After Eid prayers and meeting on the occasion of
Eid, people hug each other. Eid is the time to spread happiness, love and triumph thereby
creating enthusiasm among all the members of family.
Role Of Media
Outline:
The Introduction
Functions Of Media
Media Has Become Almost As Necessary As Food And Clothing
Media Is A Cutting Edge Weapon For Shaping Opinion And Perception
Media Is A Great Source Of Entertainment
The Conclusion
Current media has proved that it is the fourth pillar of a democratic state by exposing the
issues of accountability and good governance. Media performs very important functions in the
society. In modern democratic nation state system it is considered as the fourth pillar of the state
whose functions are indispensible for the smooth and effective functioning of a society. It is the
dire need of today’s globalized people to be aware of their surroundings. Therefore everyone
gets information through easy accessible sources of media. Mainly mass media is involved in
providing latest information about whole world, national, and local events. Both print and
electronic media provides important function of influencing public opinion, informing with
recent developments on all issues, surveillance, determining the political agenda, criticism,
awareness, and social & moral development of society. Media performs crucial functions in a
society, but some time its role may turned negative.
In the world of today, media has become almost as necessary as food and clothing. It is
true that media is playing an outstanding role in strengthening the society; it’s a mirror of the
society. Its duty is to inform, educate and entertain the people. There are numerous but vital roles
media performs in society. Of these roles major are discussed in following paragraphs. Media
has revolutionized the society by educating people on different local, national, international,
social, economical and political issues, list does not end here, it is the media who has and is
educating the people about their constitutional and human rights.
Media is often considered cutting edge weapon for shaping opinion, perception. On the
basis of information it provides, public forms opinion and perception. When media publish or
telecast any information it becomes the general opinion of the people about any issue. Today
media is used as global opinion maker; both electronic and print media is purchased to shape the
perception and opinion of the people. Millions of dollars across the world are spent on the media
campaigns, publicities and advertisements Therefore media is called as mirror of society. Media
also educates the public. It is not mandatory that only educated and learned people watch TV or
read newspapers, because now it is easy for even an unlearned and illiterate people to be aware
of its surroundings.
Educational and entertaining programs can help learning the new trends of society. In
remote areas external news service of radio is considered a great source of education. Media is
the watch dog of the political democracy. If it plays its role honestly, it will be a great force in
building the nation. However, reality is reversed in modern media; it is observed that newspapers
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and TV channels are mouthpiece of some political parties. As media is opinion maker,
advocating and promoting any particular party may be a deception with general public.
Similarly, international media is promoting the agenda of few developed countries; it raises
some serious question over their objectivity and impartiality they claim.
Media is fourth pillar, watch dog, agent of social change, influencer, educator, informer,
entertainer, guardian of democracy and many more. These titles clearly define the role of media
in society.
Importance Of Education
Outline:
Love is a great passion
Pakistan is an Islamic Country
We are free from the maltreatment of the Hindus
Army, Navy and Pakistani Air Force are the strongest
Conclusion
We all know the importance of education. It is the most important aspect of any nation’s survival
today. Education builds the nations; it determines the future of a nation. So that’s why we have
to adopt our Education Policies very carefully because our future depends on these policies.
ISLAM also tells us about Education and its importance. The real essence of Education
according to ISLAM is “to know ALLAH” but I think in our country we truly lost. Neither our
schools nor our madrassa’s are truly educating our youth in this regard. In schools, we are just
preparing them for “Money”. We aren’t educating them we are just preparing “Money
Machines”. We are only increasing the burden of the books for our children and just enrolling
them in a reputed, big school for what, just for social status. On the other hand in our madrassas
we are preparing people who find very difficult to adjust in the modern society. Sometimes it
seems that they are from another planet.
It is crystal clear that Islamic Education is necessary for Muslims but it is also a fact that without
modern education no one can compete in this world. There are many examples of Muslim
Scholars who not only study the Holy Quran but also mastered the other subjects like Physics,
Chemistry, Biology, Astronomy and many more, with the help of Holy Quran. I think with the
current education system we are narrowing the way for our children instead of widening it.
There is no doubt that our children are very talented, both in schools and in madrassas, we just
need to give them proper ways to groom, give them the space to become Quaid-E-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Allama Iqbal, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Alberoni, Abnalhasam, or
Einstein, Newton, Thomas Edison.
Edward Everett said that “Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army.” Sadly,
in Pakistan we are spending more budgets on our arms than on education which depicts our
ideology about education!!! Since 1947 not a single government is able to change this scenario.
In price of a grenade almost 20 to 30 children can go to school for the whole year and the other
picture…. a grenade can kill 20 to 30 grown people. So a grenade is damaging in two ways
stopping children education and then killing innocent people!!! Why not authorities think about
this? Answer…. we all know that!!! Don’t we?
Now let’s talk about our Policy Makers, it seems they are not working enough. Every year policy
for education is reviewed by the government but the results are same…. Illiteracy rate is going
upwards in Pakistan according to a recent survey. The rulers are playing with our nation for the
last 60 years just for their on profits and aims. We should and we have to think about our
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children education now that are we educating them in the right way. We have to act now
otherwise it’s going to be too late for PAKISTAN.
The Importance Of Advertisement

Outline:
Introduction
Types of advertisement
Importance of advertisement
Advantages of advertisement
Conclusion
They have invaded every aspect of our day to day dealings, our conversations, our
thoughts and to a certain extent control our behavior as customers and consumers of goods and
services. Advertisements stare and scream at us from every street corner, every newspaper, every
magazine, every hoarding, every stall or shop or showroom to walls of every public building,
vehicle, radio and television. They don’t even spare our computer screens when all we are
interested in is checking our mail or even simply browsing through. The world has suddenly
become advertisement conscious so much so that at night the city lights up with thousands of
neon glow signs proclaiming, capturing and demanding our attention.
It seems that the corporate world was not enough for them and that advertisements have
crept even into smaller and insignificant things of our life. Everything from education to career
building to buying soap or a mobile, one has to rely upon advertisements.
No business, trade or transaction can flourish without proper advertising and marketing. It
is these advertisements that bring product within the notice of general public. Today a lot of
money, even millions is spent in preparing two or three minutes of an advertisement.
The art of advertisement is of course a modern blessing but it has reached and touched all
possible heights. It has touched all the aspects of modern complexities and has complicated
man’s life more. For even a simple pencil there are infinite potions which don’t provide a child
with any solution but rather confuse him all the more. In fact, advertisers and advertisements
play and encase upon the psychology of people in order to achieve their ends.
Even cinema have been affected by advertisement .What we call as traitors of movies,
publicity of a movie is nothing but its advertisement to bring audience to the theatre. In this age
of tough competition, one cannot survive without popularizing one’s business, product, and
institution. It is then that advertisements come to one’s aid. It is through advertisements that
people can popularize their business, talent, product or commodity.
But in being seen these days some advertisement are gradually crossing over from artistic
sensibility and creati8vity to shabbiness, puerility and sometime ever indecency which hurt a
person’s artistic sensibility and aesthetic sense. Advertisement should be made with great care as
they are seen by all man, woman and children alike. Something children try to imitate what they
have seen without realizing that they are breaking the code of conduct. Woman too are portrayed
inartistically many time .Moreover, ever the public too need to be vigilant in their watching of
advertisement or reading of them. They should stop need buying product which have cheap or
double-meaning slogan or are being made without keeping in mind the social norms and
morality. If used with sense, advertisement can prove to be entertaining as well as educative.
COMPREHENSION AND
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PRÉCIS WRITING
Rules To Attempt Comprehension And Précis Writing
 Comprehension means to understand thoroughly, ability to understand, grasp, grip,
conception, apprehension, cognition, cognizance, ken, knowledge, awareness, perception,
discernment; interpretation. It must be studied thoroughly.
 All the questions must be written in your own words.
 Avoid from irrelevant and over writing.
 All the questions must be written in 20 to 30 words.
 The word précis is derived from French that means summary. A précis is a clear, compact
logical summary of a passage. It is consisted of 1/3 of the original passage.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD PRÉCIS
 A good précis shows the writing skills of a person. It must have the following qualities.
 Clarity
 Correctness
 Objectivity
 Coherence
 Completeness
 Conciseness
RULES OF MAKING A PRÉCIS
 A well written précis should be a serviceable substitute for the original work. The goal of
a précis is to preserve the core essence of the work in a manner that is both clear and
concise. While writing a précis, the writer should follow the below given rules to make it
an effective piece of work.
 Read Carefully
 Underlining
 Outline
 Omission
 Don’t Omit
 Size
 Indirect Speech
 Tense and Person
 Own Words
 One Paragraph
 Title
SOLVED COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage and answer the question given at the end:
A life of action and danger moderates the dread of death. It not only gives us fortitude to bear
pain, but teaches us at every step the precarious tenure on which we hold our present being.
Sedentary and studious men are the most apprehensive on this score. Dr. Johnson was an
instance in point. A few years seemed to him soon over, compared with those sweeping
contemplations on time and infinity with which he had been used to pose himself. In the still life
of a man of letters there was no obvious reason for a change. He might sit in an arm chair and
pour out cups of tea to all eternity would it had been possible for him to do so. The most rational
cure after all for the inordinate fear of death is to set a just value on life. If we mere wish to
continue on the scene to indulge our head-strong humour and tormenting passions, we had better

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be gone at once,; and if we only cherish a fondness for existence according to the good we desire
from it, the pang we feel at parting which it will not be very server.
Questions:
1. Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
2. What type of people are afraid of death and why?
3. How can we get rid of the fear of death?
4. What idea do you form about Dr. Johnson from this passage?
5. Make a précis of the passage.
SOLUTION:
i) Suitable Title: The fear if death.
ii) People who spend much time sitting and studying are the most afraid of death. Because
they lead a peaceful life and want no change the situation.
iii) The most sensible way of getting rid of the fear if death is to value life properly. We
should know that our hold upon life is very risky and that we may die any moment.
iv) From this passage we learn that Dr. Johnson was afraid of death. He led a peaceful life
and wanted no change. He was fond of tea.
v) Summary or précis.
If we lead an active life facing dangers, we will less fear death. People, who lead a lazy and
peaceful life, are the most afraid of death. The most sensible way of getting rid of the fear of
death is to value life properly. If we do not give unnecessary importance to our life, we will
not feel the pang of death.
Sample Comprehension No 1
It is physically impossible for a well-educated, intellectual, or brave man to make money the
chief object of his thoughts just as it is for him to make his dinner the principal object of them.
All healthy people like their dinners, but their dinner is not the main object of their lives. So all
healthy minded people like making money ought to like it and enjoy the sensation of winning it;
it is something better than money. A good soldier, for instance, mainly wishes to do his fighting
well. He is glad of his pay—very properly so and justly grumbles when you keep him ten years
without it—till, his main mission of life is to win battles, not to be paid for winning them. The
clergyman's objects are essentially baptized and preach not to be paid for preaching. They like
fees no doubt—ought to like them; yet if they are brave and well-educated the entire object to
their lives is not fees. They on the whole, desire to cure the sick; and if they are good doctors and
the choice were fairly to them, would rather cure their patient and lose their fee than kill him and
get it. And so with all the other brave and rightly trained men: their work is first, their fee
second—very important always; but still second.
Précis:
Money-making is a common attraction in life. But it cannot be the principal aim of well
educated, cultured and brave man. A brave soldier prizes honour and victory more than his pay.
A good clergyman is more interested in the moral welfare of his people than his returns. A
doctor (good) values the care of his patient far more than his fees. Thus with all the well-
educated, intellectual persons, their work is first, money next.
Sample Comprehension No 2
Home is the young, who known "nothing of the world and who would be forlorn and sad, if
thrown upon it. It is providential, shelter of the weak and inexperienced, who have to learn as yet
to cope with the temptations which lies outside of it. It is the place of training of those who are
not only ignorant, but have not yet learnt how to learn, and who have to be taught by careful

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individual trail, how to set about profiting by the lessons of teacher. And it is the school of
elementary studies—not of advances, for such studies alone can make master minds. Moreover,
it is the shrine of our best affections, the bosom of our fondest recollections, at spell upon our
after life, a stay for world weary mind and soul; wherever we are, till the end comes. Such are
attributes or offices of home, and like to these, in one or other sense or measure, are the
attributes and offices of a college in a university.
Précis:
Home shelters the young who are weak and unexperienced and unable to face the temptations in
life. It is a centre of their elementary education and a nursery of sweet affections and pleasant
memories. Its magic lasts forever. A weary mind turns to it for rest. Such is the function of a
home and in some measure of the university.
COMPREHENSION NO 1
READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE CAREFULLY AND ANSWER THE FOLLING QUESTIONS. ALL THE QUESTIONS
MUST BE WRITTEN IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
The general public and Laborites in particular heaved_____________ ‫سکھ کا سانس‬
‫لیا‬a sigh of relief _______________when the Punjab Government replaced all the corrupt,
inefficient and lethargic_______________ traffic police force with new, fresh and young
educated traffic wardens, as we know that it all have started from Lahore. People are
overwhelmed _______________with joy with the performance and honesty of the new traffic
wardens, because traffic wardens never stop any bike rider or four wheeler driver or public
service vehicle driver without any solid reason. They are never caught taking bribe from the
cargo trucks or mini buses drivers. People have great respect and honor for the new traffic police
force. But unfortunately, all these positive qualities and good moral gestures are diminishing
_______________fast from the scene. Things are changing gradually. First thing which has
started losing its substance is the good moral behavior of the force. They have started irritating
the people one pretext _______________or other and made hundreds of challan on daily basis
on minor mistakes. Their behavior has also started to have dramatic changes, rudeness and bad
manners started creeping in the ranks and files of the traffic force and now the latest revelation is
about the serious allegations _______________by the public that their dearest and most efficient
force has started forcing the people to grease their palms. _______________ I mean they have
indulged themselves in the practice of generating revenue not for the government rather for their
very own pockets. I believe that still there are a great number of traffic wardens in the force who
are really honest and efficient and we should value them very much. I shall appeal to all the
traffic force that let not the dust of corruption sweep you.
QUESTUIONS:
1) What is the response of the public at the arrival of the traffic wardens?
2) What kind of changes the Lahorities have seen in the traffic force?
3) Which is the greatest change have occurred in the traffic force?
4) What is the suggestion of the writer to the traffic wardens?
5) SUGGEST A SUITABLE TITLE FOR THE COMPREHENSION AND MAKE A PRECIS OF THE ABOVE PASSAGE.
COMPREHENSION NO 2
READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE CAREFULLY AND ANSWER THE FOLLING QUESTIONS. ALL THE
QUESTIONS MUST BE WRITTEN IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
Leadership is a quality hidden in the personality of a human being. Human personality is
very complex _______________and it is very difficult to grade individuals according to one’s
personality. Leadership, on the other hand, depends on the organic structure
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_______________of the personality which includes experience, skill, responsibility,

intelligence, power of organizing people and social interaction. _______________ Leadership is
an indispensable activity, _______________ which every leader has top perform for directing
the people, working under him. It is the ability of the Leader to induce subordinates to work with
confidence and zeal. _______________In other words "Leadership is the process by which a
leader imaginatively directs, guides and influence the work of others in choosing and attaining
specified goals by mediating _______________between the individuals and the organization in
such as manner, that both will obtain maximum satisfaction.
QUESTUIONS:
1) WHAT IS THE ORGANIC STRUCTURE ON WHICH LAEADERSHIP DEPENDS ON?
2) WHAT TYPE OF ACTIVITY IS LEADERSHIP?
3) WHAT ARE THE DUTIES OF A LEADER?
4) WHAT TYPE OF THE QUALITY IS LEADERSHIP?
COMPREHENSION NO 3
“Prayer” is an act of communication with a deity, _______________ a creator. In other
words, prayer is simply a form of communication between God and the chosen people of his
Creation. In one sense, that is all there is to it: communication. Regardless of whether this
communication is private or public, formal or informal, silent or vocal, it is a vital step
_______________in crafting _______________an intimate relationship with God. For such a
relationship to exist there must be some form of communication. Prayer does not follow a strict
set of guidelines and can be exercised in a variety of ways. Five categories or themes, which
compose _______________a large majority of prayers, are the Prayer of Adoration
_______________or Praise, the Prayer of Thanks-giving, the Prayer of Intercession,
_______________ The Prayer of Repentance _______________and the Prayer of Petition.
_______________ The Prayer of Adoration or Praise is often described as man’s most
immediate and basic movement in creating a relationship with God. Adoration also is considered
as the first attitude of man in acknowledging that he is a creature before his Creator.
QUESTUIONS:
1) What is prayer?
2) Is there any strict discipline for prayer?
3) Why prayer is called communication?
4) What are the five categories of prayer?
COMPREHENSION NO 4
MUST BE WRITTEN IN YOUR OWN WORD
Good manners form an important part of our civilization. We know a man forms his
manners. Manners are important for our conduct in the society. So, we put too much stress on
learning manners. Parents want to teach manners to their children. Teachers want to teach
manners to their pupils. Mentors _______________want to teach manners to their disciples.
Because manners are so important for us. Manners are very useful. Manners make us gentlemen.
We are called gentlemen when we show good manners. Good manners make friends for us.
Because people like to make friendship with the people of good manners. Good manners may
turn our enemies into our friends. But bad manners will surely turn our friends into our enemies.

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So, we should be very particular about our manners. There are certain fundamental principles
_______________on which all our manners should base. We should not hurt the mind of others.
We should not wound the feelings of others. We should avoid pride, vanity, emotion, anger and
harshness of voice when we behave with others. Our talk should be always plain and sweet. We
should give patient hearing to others. We should speak less of ourselves. Our attitude should be
sympathetic. We should learn how to make appreciation of others. We should observe the forms
of behavior like 'please', 'kindly', 'thanks', 'sorry', 'no, thanks', etc. when they are due. We should
be respectful to our elders, and superiors. We should be loving and kind to our youngsters. We
should be sincere in our attitude. We should not make false promises. We should never deceive.
We should be neat and clean. These are some of the basic principles upon which all our manners
and behaviors should rest.
QUESTUIONS:
1) What does mean of good manners?
2) Why do every one stress upon good manners?
3) How can we win our friends in the gathering of our enemies?
4) What are the fundamental principles of good manners?
COMPREHENSION NO 5
Winter is the cold season of the year. Cold wind beings to blow since early November and
since ten dew begins to fail. Still November and December are never named as winter. They are
called the Dewy Season. Winter begins over the two months of January and February. Winter
comes after the dewy season. Hence, there are no more clouds in the sky. The winter sky is clear
and blue. Paths are dry and they are open to all places. The winter sun is mild and warm. No
kind of epidemic is found in this season. The peasants _______________are full of mirth.
_______________ They reap their rich harvest. The winter crops grow in plenty. Winter is a
season of fruit. Many kinds of fruit come to the market. Orange and grapes are the most
common. The winter season is full of beautiful scenes. The gelid drops_______________ of dew
fall on the green turfs. _______________ They, look as beautiful as pearls. The colours of rising
sun are deep-red. The sun gives rise to golden colour in the fallen drops of dew. Different kinds
of flower bloom in different colours. Some flowers are milk-white, some are coral-red, some are
sky-blue, some are green and some are yellow and golden. After a dew-wash, they look fresh
and bright. The winter crops smile on the river banks. The oil-seeds bloom into little flowers.
Children wear the many-colored winter-garments. All these make a very beautiful sight. Winter
is after all a healthy season. It is free from flies and mosquitoes. It is free from epidemics.
Hence, we welcome it.
QUESTUIONS:
1) Why are January and February called Dewy Season?
2) What is the pleasure for the farmers in winter season?
3) What is the pleasure for the children in winter season?
4) Why should we welcome winter season?
COMPREHENSION NO 6

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America has always been considered to be the breadbasket _______________of the

world. The American people have found ways to make various products overseas without
spending a lot of money. The factory employees however, have gotten the short end of the stick
when dealing with the American companies. Not only have Americans taken advantage of less
fortunate third-world countries, but they have also created unhealthy working environments.
Regardless _______________of gender or age, some companies subject their employees to
harsh working conditions, under minimum wage payment, exhausting working hours, and even
corporal _______________and/or physical assault. _______________These "Sweatshops" are
still going on today and very little has been done. Many children are working in sweatshops at
this present time. Those children are sold to employers by their parents at the age of 5 or 6.
These children spend their days in dark, ill-ventilated rooms _______________doing work that
damages their eyes and lungs. These children are denied education, health care, proper nutrition,
and their play-time. In addition, they are being paid next to nothing for the time that they work.
To resolve the problem of third-world sweatshops, the American government should pass a
Child Labor Prevention Act and the American buyers should force their foreign suppliers to
insure better working conditions.
QUESTUIONS:
1) Why has America been considered the breadbasket of the world?
2) What is unhealthy working environment in the American companies?
3) What is the condition of child labour in America?
4) What type of the facilities are far from the American poor children?
COMPREHENSION NO 7
At the starts of the 1990s, Pakistan's film industry was gripped with certain doom. Of the
several studios only 11 were operational in the '70s and '80s producing around 100 films
annually. This number would lower further as studio went towards producing short-plays and
television commercials and let the industry astray _______________in the wake of
_______________cable television. By the early '90s, the annual output dropped to around 40
films, all produced by a single studio. Other productions would be independent of any studio
usually financed by the filmmakers themselves. The local industry succeeded to gain audience
attention however in the mid- and late-1990s. With Syed Noor's "SARKATA INSAAN" first
Pakistani Horror and Fiction, in 1997 and Saeed Rizvi created "TILISMIH JAZIRA". It seemed
the cinema of Pakistan was headed towards a much needed revival _______________but naught
_______________attendance recorded at the box-office for later ventures
_______________ushered _______________a complete and utter collapse of the industry.
Notable productions of the time include Deewane Tere Pyar Ke, Mujhe Chand Chahiye,
Sangam, Tere Pyar Mein, and Ghar Kab Aao Gay, which tried hard to get away from the
formulaic and violent storylines but were not accepted fully amongst the lower middle class
cinema audience. The year 1998 saw the release of Noor's Choorian, a Punjabi film that grossed
_______________180 million rupees. Directors realized there was still hope and Javed Sheikh's
Yeh Dil Aap Ka Huwa released in 2002 grossing over 200 million rupees across Pakistan. The
monetary prospects were then realized fully and for the first time in twelve years, investors
starting taking keen interest in Pakistani films. However, the short period of successes in the
industry could not keep the cinemas afloat, and the same industry that at one time produced more
than a 100 films annually a decade ago was now reduced to merely 32 per year, in the year 2003,
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with only one partial success called Larki Panjaban. In August, 2007, a new film titled Khuda Ke
Liye was released. It became popular due to its controversial theme _______________of the
current problems faced in Pakistan. It was also released internationally, including in India, where
it became the first Pakistani film released after four decades.
QUESTUIONS:
1) What was the condition of the Pakistani films in early 1990's?
2) How did a relief come in Pakistan film industry after 1990's?
3) Why did the investors rush toward the Pakistani film industry?
4) Why did film Khuda Ke Liye gain international fame?
COMPREHENSION NO 8
Discipline consists of _______________more than punishment, at the hand of authority,
for wrongdoing. It includes self discipline; the regulation by a man of his own heart and mind.
Discipline therefore, is a way of life. The undisciplined man is a slave to passion, luxury and
sloth. _______________ He entertains dreams on a large scale but the reality of his existence is
sordid. _______________ On the other hand, the disciplined man is a free man. His judgment is
sound because he is trained and experienced in responsible judgment. His means are
independent. His life is free of the debilitating influence _______________of vice.
_______________ He is able to discern _______________between that which seems good and
that which is good. Although discipline does not consist merely of punishment, at the hand of
authority, for wrongdoing, this external discipline is nevertheless _______________very
important, as an essential part in training the individual to be self-disciplined. This is necessary
and proper, both for the sake of the individual and society at large. This external discipline is
necessary, for example, in schools, in order to induce _______________the dull student to
concentrate _______________on his studies and observe proper behaviour as well as to protect
the other students from a corrupting and disruptive influence. Punishment may, at times, seem
harsh but it is justified by the miscreant's guilt. _______________ Discipline is necessary for all
achievement, especially great achievements. Without discipline there can be no scientific
advances, no industrial or technological achievement, no settled system of law and order, no
literary achievement, no exploration _______________and development of a new land and no
proclamation _______________of religious truth. Discipline goes hand in hand with hard work.
Discipline makes it possible for a man to endure the rigor _______________of hard work.
Discipline directs work, making it fruitful and excellent. On the other hand, discipline is fruitless
without work.
QUESTUIONS:
1) What is the meaning of discipline?
2) What kind of person is undisciplined man?
3) What kind of person is disciplined man?
4) Why is external discipline necessary
COMPREHENSION NO 9
Education experts have warned of the potentially _______________damaging effect on
literacy of mobile phone text messaging after a pupil handed in an essay written in text

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shorthand. The 13-year-old girl submitted the essay to a teacher in SMS Language known as
PINK ENGLISH and explained that she found it "easier than standard English". Her teacher
said: "I could not believe what I was seeing. The page was riddled_______________ with
hieroglyphics, _______________ a writing which has symbols and is difficult to read". There is
used such language as" v go 2 lhr whch is btifl plc. My frnd liks it vry mch". The English
Qualifications Authority has expressed concern _______________about the problem in its report
on last year's Standard Grade exams, and revealed _______________that "text messaging
language was inappropriately_______________ used" in the English exam. There has been a
trend in recent years to emphasize _______________spoken English. Pupils think orally and
write phonetically. _______________ You would be shocked at the numbers of senior secondary
pupils who cannot distinguish _______________between their and there. The problem is that
there is a feeling in some schools that pupils' freedom of expression should not be inhibited.
_______________"Texting has become the second nature to a generation. They don't write
letters, so sitting down to write or type an essay is unusual and difficult. They revert to
_______________what they feel comfortable with. Texting is attractive and uncomplicated."
QUESTUIONS:
1) What is the warning of the education experts?
2) What is PINK ENGLISH?
3) Why are the English Experts concerning?
4) Why would one be shocked?
COMPREHENSION NO 10
In Pakistan, unfortunately the people have been introduced the double standard of
education. The one, which prevails _______________throughout the country is related to public
sector and the other is an outcome of private investors. The education system in Pakistan faced
enormous problems _______________after independence. A little attention was paid in this
respect. The education has remained an orphan child in our society by facing double standard
and has created an atmosphere of frustration among the young ones. Government has established
schools, colleges and universities throughout the country that have been imparting education in
different respects and studies of life. The students from these departments are wandering due to
lack of opportunities. Everywhere they are denied services because they bear a label of
government academies. No one can imagine why the government system of education is being
neglected throughout the country and why the establishment has allowed private sector with its
tails up to introduce another standard of education. Parents are scared _______________about
their children and they even do not allow their children to be admitted in public sector school,
they prefer their child to get education in private sector as, it suits them more. This does not
mean that public sector schools are not producing the cream of the future, most of our genius and
sages who are imparting _______________their valuable services, are outcome of public sector
schools. The only submitted reason by their parents is lack of management in public sector
schools. The well management is offered at private schools. The relation between teacher and
student is sacred. Children are taught social and moral etiquettes _______________with more
comfort at private schools, the behaviour of teachers is quite frank and the student can come in
direct contact to their teachers. On some scale, this is true that contact between learner and
learned lacks in public sectors but the thing they are learning must be the same for both sectors, I
mean the curricula. The Curriculum Board has been established but it has allowed private sector
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to run their own syllabus. Now, the degrees are same but the scope of knowledge got by the two
is too different to be compared. Here, students face many complications by studying under
different curricula. This has created a big rift _______________between the two sectors.
QUESTUIONS:
1) Why is our education system called Orphan Child?
2) Why do the parents prefer private institutes for their children?
3) What is the same in both the sectors?
4) What do you suggest for our education system?
Parts of Speech
There are thousands of words in any language. But not all words have the same job. For example,
some words express "action". Other words express a "thing". Other words "join" one word to another
word. These are the "building blocks" of the language. Think of them like the parts of a house. When we
want to build a house, we use concrete to make the foundations or base. We use bricks to make the walls.
We use window frames to make the windows, and door frames to make the doorways. And we use
cement to join them all together. Each part of the house has its own job. And when we want to build a
sentence, we use the different types of word. Each type of word has its own job. We can categorize
English words into 9 basic types or classes. These classes are called "parts of speech".
Noun Nouns are words for people, places, and things. A noun functions as the subject of a sentence or a
clause, and the object of a verb or a preposition.
Pronoun A pronoun is used in place of a noun or nouns. Common pronouns include he, her, him, I, it,
me, she, them, they, us, and we.
Verb Verb tells about the action or the state of any noun or subject. This means that Verbs show what
the subject is doing or what is the state or situation of the subject.
Adverb Adverbs are words that are used in sentences to describe or change the meaning of a Verb or
Adjective or even another Adverb. They add description to the sentence to make it more detailed and
interesting.
Adjective Adjectives are words that are used to describe (what kind of?) nouns and pronouns and to
quantify (how much of?) and identify (which one?) them. In a nutshell, Adjectives are what define nouns
and give them characteristics to differentiate them from other nouns.
Preposition A prepositional phrase is a group of words containing a preposition, a noun or
pronoun object of the preposition, and any modifiers of the object. A preposition sits in front of
(is “pre-positioned” before) its object.
Conjunction A conjunction is a word which connects two words or clauses or sentences and shows the
relation between them.
Interjection A part of speech which is used to express the strong feelings of pleasure, sorrow and
wonder.
Article An article modifies a noun or an adjective.
Definitions Of All Tenses
A. Simple Present Tense
This tense is used to express something that is permanent, custom or truths.
B. Present Continuous Tense
This tense is used to express an action that is really being done at this time.
C. Present Perfect Tense
This tense is used to show an event that is completed (just finished)
D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

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We use this to explain an event / activity that just took place or an action that lasted until now (still going
on as we speak)
E. Past Simple Tense
We use this tense to talk about an action that happened in the past.
F. Past Continuous Tense
This tense describes an action or event at a specific time in the past.
G. Past Perfect Tense
This tense expresses action in the past before another action happened, but it happened in the past.
H. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Use the same tense with the Past Perfect Tense, but expresses actions longer in the past before another action
occurs.
I. Simple Future Tense
When we have a plan or desire to perform an activity in the future, then use be going to or Present
Continuous Tense to replace will / shall.
J. Future Continuous Tense
This tense describes an action that will occur at a certain time in the future.
K. Future Perfect Tense
This tense we use to describe an activity that will occur in the future before another action occurs.
L. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
We use this tense to talk about an action / activity long before sometime in the future.
Formula of Tenses: (Active Voice): / Subject + Verb + Object (S + V + O)

Present Tense
1. Simple Present Tense S + V1 + O S + V1+s/es+ O
They/we/you/I/Plural Noun He/She/It/Singular Noun

E.g. You write a letter. E.g. He writes a letter.
Negative: S+ do/does+ not + V1 + O. He does not go to school. They do not go to school.
Interrogative: Do/Does +S+ V1 + O? Does he go to school? Do they go to school?
2. Present Continuous Tense S + is/am/are + V1 + ing + O She is writing a letter.
Negative: S + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing + O. She is not writing a letter.
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + S + + V1 + ing + O. Is she writing a letter?
3. Present Perfect Tense S + has/have + V3 (Past Participle form of the Verb) + O. They have written a
letter.
Negative: S + has/have + not + V3 (Past Participle form of the Verb) + O. They have not written a letter.
Interrogative: Has/Have + S + V3 (Past Participle form of the Verb) + O? Have they written a letter?
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + has been/have been + V1 + ing + O + since/for + time.
You have been writing a letter for three hours.
Negative: S + has not been/have not been + V1 + ing + O + since/for + time.
You have not been writing a letter for three hours.
Interrogative: Has/Have + S + been +V1 + ing + O + since/for + time?
Have you been writing a letter for three hours?
Past Tense
5. Simple Past Tense S + Past Form of the Verb (2nd Form Of Verb) + O He wrote a letter.
Negative: S+ did + not + V1 + O. He did not go to school. They did not go to school.
Interrogative: Did +S+ V1 + O? Did he go to school?
6. Past Continuous Tense S + was/were + V1 + ing + O I was writing a letter.
Negative: S + was/were + not + V1 + ing + O. She was not writing a letter.

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Interrogative: Was/Were + S + + V1 + ing + O. Was she writing a letter?

7. Past Perfect Tense S + had + Past Participle of the Verb (3rd Form Of Verb) + O She had written a
letter.
Negative: S + had + not + V3 (Past Participle form of the Verb) + O. They had not written a letter.
Interrogative: Had + S + V3 (Past Participle form of the Verb) + O? Had they written a letter?
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had been + V1 + ing + O + since/for + time
We had been writing a letter since morning.
Negative: S + had not been + V1 + ing + O + since/for + time.
You had not been writing a letter for three hours.
Interrogative: Had + S + been +V1 + ing + O + since/for + time?
Had you been writing a letter for three hours?
Future Tense
9. Simple Future Tense S + will/shall + V + O We shall write a letter.
Negative: S+ will/shall + not + V1 + O. He will not go to school. They will not go to school.
Interrogative: Will/ Shall +S+ V1 + O? Will he go to school?
10. Future Continuous Tense S + will be/shall be + V + ing + O She will be cooking food.
Negative: S + will/shall + not + be + V1 + ing + O. She will not be writing a letter.
Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + be + V1 + ing + O. Will she be writing a letter?
11. Future Perfect Tense S + will have/shall have + Past participle (PP.) of the Verb + O
She will have written a letter before we go.
Negative: S + will/shall + not + have + V3 (Past Participle form of the Verb) + O. They will not have written
a letter.
Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + have + V3 (Past Participle form of the Verb) + O? Will they have
written a letter?
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + will have been/shall have been + V + ing + O + since/for
They will have been writing a letter since morning.
Negative: S + will/shall not have been + V1 + ing + O + since/for + time.
You will not have been writing a letter for three hours.
Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + have+ been +V1 + ing + O + since/for + time?
Will you have been writing a letter for three hours?
TRANSLATION PASSAGES
Samples of translation passage
Asar-e-hazir elmi taraqqi ki intehaon ko choo raha hae.Taraqqi yafta aqwam ka turra-e-imtiaz
aala taleemi myyar hae.Es muqsad k hasool main nasab aur darsi kutub ko bunyadi ahmiat hasil hae.Jin
ko jadeed taqazoon se hum-aahung karna hamari hakoomat ka taleemi maidan ko fooqyat daena sabit
karta hae.Zindgee kay aala myyar k hasool main elmi taraqi aur aala myyar bunyad ka darja rakhtey
hain.Hakoomat es bunyyad ki farahmi kay liye maqdoor bhar koshishain kar rahi hae.Dua hae kay
hamari nasul-e-noo jadeed taleemi taqazoon ko mad-e-nazar rakh kar Pakistan ki taameer-o-taraqi main
bhurpur kirdar adaa karey.
English Translation
The present age is touching the extremes of progress. The distinguished quality of the developed
countries is high standard of education. For this purpose curriculum and syllabus books owe primary
importance and harmonizing them with latest demands, show our government's preference to educational
field. Educational development and its high standard are basis for achieving high status in life.
Government is doing its utmost efforts to provide this basis. May our new generation, keeping in mind
the latest educational demands play effective role in development and progress of Pakistan.
PASSAGE NO 1
‫ کھلی فضا میں سیر کرنے کے لئے جاتا ہے۔ ناشتہ کرتا ہے اور‬،‫ایک اچھا طالبعلم صبح و سویرے اٹھتا ہے۔ نماز ادا کرتا ہے‬
‫نہانے کے بعد کالج جاتا ہے۔ وہ اپنے تمام لیکچر باقادگی سے لیتا ہے۔ پھر وہ الئبریری میں جاتا ہے اور اخبار پڑھتا ہے۔ وہ‬

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‫اپنے اساتزہ کی عزت کرتا ۔ وہ اپنے والدین کا نافرمانی نہیں کرتا ہے۔ وہ قت مقررہ کے مطابق اپنے اسباق پڑھتا ہے۔ اور اپنے‬
‫بڑے بھائی سے رہنمائی ا ہے۔ وہ کچھ دیر کے لئے ہاکی بھی کھیلتا ہے۔ وہ جلد سو جاتا ہے۔‬
A good student gets up early in the morning. Offers prayer. He goes to the the open air for a walk.
He takes a breakfast after taking a bath and goes to the college. He attends all the lectures
regularly. Then he goes to the liberary and reads a newspaper. He respects his teachers. He does
not disobey his parents. He reads all his subjects according to the timetable and seeks guidance
from his elder brother. He also plays hockey for some time. He goes to bed early in the night.
PASSAGE NO 2
‫آج موسم خوشگوار ہے۔ بارش ہو رہی ہے اور ٹھنڈی ہوا چل رہی ہے۔ پرندی چہچہہا رہے ہیں۔ پھول کھل رہے ہیں۔ ہر جانب‬
‫سبزہ ہے۔ بارش رک چکی ہے۔ لوگ اپنے گھروں سے باہر آ رہے ہیں۔ کسان کھیتوں کی جانب جا رہے ہیں۔ کچھ لوگ اپنے دفاتر‬
‫جانے کے ئے بسوں کا انتظار کر رہے ہیں۔ طالبا بھی اپنے مدرسوں کی جانب جا رہے ہیں۔ ہر کوئی خوش نظر آ رہا ہے۔ خدا کا‬
‫شکر ہے کہ شدید گرمی کا موسم ختم ہوا۔‬
It is pleasant today. It is raining and cool breeze is blowing. The birds are chirping. The followers
are blossoming. There is greenery everywhere. The rain has stopped. The people are coming out of
their houses. The farmers are going toward the fields. Some people are waiting for the bus to go
their offices. The students are also going to their schools. Everyone is looking happy. Thanks God
Almighty that the hot summer season has ended.
PASSAGE NO 3
،‫ایک شریف نامی لڑکا ہمارے محلے میں رہتا ہے۔ اسکا تعلق ایک شریف اور معزز گھرانے سے ہے۔ وہ اپنے والدین کا طعبدار‬
‫بزرگوں کا کرمفرماں اور دوستوں کا سچا دوست ہے۔ اس کے دو بہن بھائی ہیں۔ وہ ایک کالج میں پڑھتا ہے۔ وہ سائنس کا‬
‫طالبعلم ہے۔ اس کا زندگی کا ایک مقصد ہے کہ مستقبل میں ایک ڈاکٹر بن کر ملک اور قوم کی خدمت کر گا۔ وہ محنتی اور ایماندار‬
‫ہے۔ وہ کہتا ہے کہ مسلسم محنت کامیابی کی کنجی ہے۔‬
A boy named Sharif lives in our locality. He comes of a gentle and honourable family. He is an
obedient of his parents, submissive to his parents and true to his friends. He has two siblings. He
studies in a college. He is the student of science. He has an aim to be a doctor in future and serve
the country and the nation selflessly. He is intelligent as well hardworking. He says that regular
hard work is the key to success.
PASSAGE NO 4
‫ایک تاریخ دان اپنے دور کی کمکل اور سچی تصویر پیش کرتا ہے۔ وہ کچھ بھی غلط نہیں لکھتا وہ کوئی بات نہیں دہراتا ہے۔ وہ‬
‫کسی شخص کے خالف تعصب نہیں رکھتا ہے۔ بعض اوقات دو تاریخ دان ایک دسرے سی اتفاق نہیں کرتے۔ وہ ایک ہی منظر کو‬
‫دیکھ کر مختلف اندا میں با ٓیان کرتے ہیں۔ درحقیقت ایک تاریخ دان بھی انسان ہوتا ہے نہ کہ مشین۔ انسان بھی ایک دوسرے سے‬
‫مختلف ہوتے اور چیزوں کا تجزیہ بھی مختلف نقطہ نگاہ سے کرتے ہیں۔ لہہزا ایک تاریخ دان کی تحریربھی اس کی شخصیت‬
‫سے جدا نہیں ہوتی۔‬
A historian presents a complete and true picture of his age. He does not write anything wrong. He
does not repeat anything. He does not have prejudice against any person. Sometime two good
historians do not agree with each other. They see the same scene but express different stories.
Actually, the historians are also human beings not machines. Men are different from one another
and assess the things from different angles. So the personality of a historian does not absent from
his writing.
PASSAGE NO 5
‫ہمارا کالج ہمیشہ سے ہی تعلیم اور کھیل کے میدان میں شاندار کارکردگی دکھاتا رہا ہے۔ طلبا نظم و ضبط کی پیروی کرتے ہیں۔‬
‫الیبریریوں میں ہزاروں کتابیں موجود ہیں۔ ہر روز نئی دایجسٹ اور اخبارات موجود ہوتی ہیں۔ اسی وجہ سے ہمارے طلبا پڑھائی‬
‫میں مصروف ہوتے ہیں نہ کہ ادھر ادھر اوارہ گردی کرتے ہیں۔ کھالڑی کھیل کے خوبصورت میدانوں میں تربیت حاصل کرتے‬
‫ہیں۔‬
Our college has always shown the glorious performance in the field of education and sports. The
students follow the rules of discipline. There are thousands of books available in the libraries. New
digests and newspapers can be found in the library on every day. That’s why our students are
found in the study instead of roaming about here and there. Players learn the training in the very
beautiful playgrounds at every afternoon.
PASSAGE NO 6
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‫چاند ایک بے آباد سیارہ ہے۔ قمری دن زمین کے پندرہ دنوں کے برابر ہوتا ہے۔ اس کا مطلب ہے کہ چاند کے آدھے حصے پر‬
‫آدھا مہینہ تاریکی ہوتی ہے۔ چاند زمین کے گرد گھومتا ہے۔ جب سورج اپنی روشنی چاند پر ڈالتا ہے تو یہ خوبصورت لگتا ہے۔‬
The moon is an uninhabited planet. The lunar day is equal to the fifteen days of the earth. It means
there is darkness on the moon for half of the month. The moon revolves around the earth. When
the sun throws its light on the moon, it looks bright.
PASSAGE NO 7
‫اکیسویں صدی میں تیز رفتار ریل گاڑیاں ہوں گیں۔ رہیشگاہ کے لئے پرسکون گھر ہوں گے۔ آبادی بہت زیادا بڑہ جائے گی۔ ذاتی‬
‫آزادی کم ہو جائے گی جبکہ حکومتی اختیارات میں مزید آضافہ ہو گا۔ یہ بھی ہو سکتا ہے کہ دنیا میں ایک مرکزی حکومت قائم‬
‫ہو جائے۔‬
There will be fast moving trains in the 21st century. Comfortable houses will be available for the
residence. The population will be increased a lot. Personal freedom w ill be lessened and the
government power will be increased more. It might be possible that there will be one central
government in the world.
PASSAGE NO 8
‫الہور میں کئی تاریخی مقامات ہیں ۔ جہانگیر کا مقبرہ ابل ذکر ہے۔ بادشاہی مسجد بھی ایک تاریخی عمارت ہے۔ عمارت سرخ پتھر‬
‫سے بنی ہے۔ الکھوں لوگ بیک وقت اس میں مناز ادا کر سکتے ہیں۔‬
There are many historical places in Lahore. The tomb of Jhangeer is worth mentioning. The
Badshahi Mosque is also a great historical building. This mosque is made of the red stone. Millions
of people can offer prayer in it at the same time.
PASSAGE NO 9
‫ برس کی عمر میں حضرت خدیجہ سے شادی کی۔ اس وقت حضرت‬25 ‫محد کے دادا نے آپ کی پرورش کی۔ آپ نے‬ ؐ ‫حضرت‬
‫ سال تھی۔ آپ نے لوگوں کو نیکی کا درس دیا۔‬40 ‫خدیجہ کی عمر مبار‬
The grandfather of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) looked after him. He married Hazrat Khadija (RA)
at the age of 25. Hazrat Khadija (RA) was 40 years old at that time. He (PBUH) preached the
lesson of piety to the people.
PASSAGE NO 10
‫فضائی آلودگی اکیسویں صدی کا ایک بڑا مسئلہ ہے۔ دنیا اس کے بارے میں بیسویں صدی کے نصف سے اس بارے میں پریشان‬
‫ آبادی میں آضافہ اور جنگالت کی کمی ہے۔انسان نے درختوں کی جگہ‬،‫ہے۔ اس کی بنیادی وجہ مشینوں کا حد سے زیادہ استمعال‬
‫پر مشینیں لگایں۔ گھر تعمیر کئے اور ہوا میں دہواں بھر دیا۔ انسان نے کارں اور بسوں کے دہویں سے اپنی صحت متاثر کی۔ اب‬
‫زمین گرم ہو رہی ہے۔ آجکل شہروں میں خالص ہوا نہیں ہے۔‬
st
Air pollution is a big problem of the 21 century. The world is worried about it from the mid of the
20th century. Its main reason is the excessive use of machines, growth in population and the lack of
forests. Man installed machines at the place of trees. Built the houses and filled the air with smoke.
Man affected his health with the smoke of buses and cars. Now the earth is warming. There is no
pure air in the cities now a day.

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KEY TO SUCCESS BSC ENGLISH NOTES (ADP SCIENCES PART 2)

RANA QASIM ANWAR

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

Outline of BSc English

Paper: 100 Marks

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

Damned Human Race

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

END OF THE ROAD

The Gray Beginning

The Nature Of Science

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

The Structure of a Report

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

Report on Survey of Sunday Bazaar.

Date: May 17, 2018

From: Inspector Marketing.

Subject: Survey of a Sunday Bazaar

Visit to Sunday Bazaar:

Quality of things sold in the bazaar:

May 15, 2010.

From: Social Welfare Office.

Subject: Beggars and begging in the Main Bazaar of City ABC.

Fake and Professional Beggars:

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

Poor working condition.

Report on Difficulties in Learning English.

Date: May 20, 2018

The Head of the English Department,

From: Lecturer in English.

Subject: Report on Difficulties in Learning English

The following suggestions are submitted to improve the learning of English:

Dated: July 19, 2010

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

Senior Superintendent of Police,

From: Police Inspector A.B.C.

Subject: Traffic Accidents in the city

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

QUAID E AZAM/ALLAMA IQBAL,

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

ESSAY ABOUT GOOD VALUES

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

18 PLEASURES OF ‫بچپن کی خوشیاں‬ 38 LOVE WITH ‫مزہب سے محبت‬

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

11 Mass crisis ‫ عوامی بحران‬31 Favoritism ‫سفارش‬

MULTIPLE ESSAY ABOUT SOCIAL EVILS

Life in a Big City

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

The problems of the big cities

Importance Of Plantation In Pakistan

Women's Place In Our Society

Social impact of the floods

WRITTEN BY : RANA QASIM ANWAR

Energy Crisis In Pakistan

Cultural Value Of Festivals

The Importance Of Advertisement