Psychology in Action Huffman 10th Edition Test Bank

Psychology in Action Huffman 10th Edition Test Bank
Psychology in Action Huffman 10th Edition Test

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Chapter8, 10th Edition: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence, Multiple Choice and Essay
Multiple Choice
1. Cognition includes the processes of _____.

a) sensation and perception
b) learning and memory
c) thinking and problem solving
d) all of these options
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 283
Section Ref: Introduction
Difficulty: Medium
Objective:
APA Goal: 1 Knowledge Base of Psychology
2. The mental activities involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using knowledge are collectively known as _____.
a) perception
b) cognition
c) consciousness
d) awareness
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 283
Section Ref: Introduction
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: APA Goal: 1 Knowledge Base of Psychology
3. Using information and acting on that information is evidence of _____.

a) thinking
b) cognition
c) judging
d) problem-solving
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 284
Section Ref: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.1
4. This brain area plays a major role in associating complex ideas, making plans, and allocating attention.
a) The limbic system
b) The prefrontal cortex
c) The cerebellum
d) Broca's and Wernicke's area
Ans: b284
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.1
5. Mental representations of previously stored sensory experiences are called _____.

a) illusions
b) mental schemes
c) mental images
d) mental propositions
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 284
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.2
6. Which of the following persons is using a mental image?

a) Karen is savoring her memory of the chocolate truffle she ate last night.
b) Farique is smugly picturing his new Ferrari.
c) Jamila is mentally reviewing the pitch and timbre of the notes in the new song she rehearsed last night.
d) All of these options
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 284
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.2
APA Goal: 4 Application of Psychology
7. A mental representation of a group or category that shares similar characteristics is called _____.
a) a map
b) an image
c) a concept
d) an idea
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 285
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.3
8. All of the following are examples of concepts EXCEPT _____.

a) trees
b) tools
c) blue
d) umbrellas
Ans: c Page Ref: p. 285

Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.3
APA Goal: 3 Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology
9. These are examples of abstract concepts.

a) Honesty, intelligence, love
b) Cars, trucks, motorcycles
c) Blue, green, red
d) People, places, things
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 285
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.3
10. An artificial or formal concept arises from _____.

a) the natural world or environment
b) hypothesis testing and prototypes
c) mental images or prototypes
d) logical rules or definitions
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 285
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.3
11. For most psychologists, language is a formal _____ whereas the public generally uses fuzzy _____.
a) definition; descriptions
b) artificial concept; natural concepts
c) mental image; concepts
d) superordinate concept; basic level concepts
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 285
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.3
12. In everyday "real" life, most of us use _____ concepts.
a) mental
b) artificial
c) natural
d) formal
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 285
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.3
13. When you group subcategories within broader concepts or categories, you are creating _____.
a) artificial concepts
b) superordinate categories
c) hierarchies
d) natural concepts
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 285
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.3
14. This is a representation of the "best" or most typical example of a category.

a) a natural concept
b) an artificial concept
c) a prototype
d) an attribute
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 285
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.3
15. The _____ example of an item that fits in a particular category is called a prototype.
a) approximate
b) best
c) characteristic
d) most common
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 285
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.3
16. Based on most people's prototype for fruit, which of the following would take longer to classify?
a) An orange
b) An apple
c) Grapes
d) An avocado
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 285
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.3
17. When learning a new concept, children are most likely to learn the basic level or _____ first.
a) superordinate category
b) midlevel category
c) subcategory
d) hierarchy
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 286
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.3
18. When shown a picture of a poodle, most adults will first classify it as _____.
a) an animal
b) a dog
c) a mammal
d) a highbred
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 286
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.3
19. Your textbook author suggests that you develop _____ that are interrelated in order to better learn the material in this course.
a) hierarchies
b) artificial concepts
c) natural concepts
d) prototypes
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 286
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.3
20. Problem-solving is the act of moving _____.

a) from a given state to a goal state
b) from emotion to motivation
c) from sensation to perception
d) from here to there
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 286
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.3
21. When you are identifying facts, distinguishing relevant from irrelevant facts, and defining a goal, you are in the _____ stage of
problem-solving
a) initial
b) preparation
c) production
d) attribution
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 287
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.4
22. Your "problem" is that you want a new car. Which of the following BEST demonstrates what you should do in the preparation stage for
this problem?
a) Ask friends where they got their cars, make a list of dealers to visit.
b) Choose a color, make, and model then log-on to the Internet to locate a dealer who has one like this.
c) Determine how much money you can spend, and whether your goal is to have reliable transportation or to make an impression on others.
d) Ask your parents to buy you a car for your birthday.
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 287
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.4
23. During the production stage of problem-solving, you should generate _____.
a) possible solutions
b) relevant facts
c) irrelevant facts
d) your ultimate goal(s)
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 287
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.4
24. Lamar is thinking about all the ways he can come up with the money he needs to buy the used Yugo he saw advertised in the "Car Trader"
yesterday. Lamar is _____.
a) engaged in wishful thinking
b) engaged in stupid thinking
c) living in the land of the nerds
d) working in the production stage of problem-solving
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 287
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.4
25. Professor Wahl's counseling class is engaged in small-group generation of possible solutions for helping low-income families get the
counseling they need. This class is in the _____ stage of problem-solving.
a) brainstorming
b) preparation
c) production
d) evaluation
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 287
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.4
26. This is a step-by-step procedure that, if followed, will eventually solve a problem.
a) Algorithm
b) Heuristic
c) Problem-solving set
d) Brainstorming
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 287
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.4
27. The text illustrates how using a (an) __________ can help us choose a career
a) algorithm
b) heuristic
c) artificial concept
d) hierarchy
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 288
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.4
28.
Algorithms are great for:

a) determining your career path
b) deciding on a partner
c) computing your grade point average
d) none of the above
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 287
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.4
29. Simple rules used in problem-solving that do not guarantee a solution, but offer a likely short-cut to it are called _____.
a) algorithms
b) inductions
c) heuristics
d) perceptual sets
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 287
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.4
30. The final stage in problem-solving is called _____.

a) the application phase
b) the final stage
c) the evaluation stage
d) post-production
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 287
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.4
31. Means-end analysis, working backward, and creating sub goals are _____.
a) mnemonic devices
b) algorithmic solutions
c) heuristics
d) problem-solving sets
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 288
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.4
32. Althea was working on her car and found a piece left over when she put her carburetor back together. Her neighbor's car was the same
make and model, so she knocked on his door to ask if she could take his apart one piece at a time to determine where she went wrong. This is
an example of the ______ heuristic.
a) working backward
b) working from a model
c) means-end analysis
d) in-your-dreams analysis
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 288
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.4
33. Murdock wants to get to his sister's new house, which he knows is north of where he is right now. Stranded without a map or a telephone,
he decides to keep driving north in the hopes of finding the house. This is an example of the _____ heuristic.
a) algorithm
b) working backward
c) creating sub goals
d) means-end analysis
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 288
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.4
34. Before a new product arrives in the store, a manufacturer goes through several stages including designing, building, and testing a prototype,
setting up a production line and so on. This approach is called _____.
a) working backward
b) means-end analysis
c) divergent thinking
d) creating sub goals
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 288
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.4
35. Rosa is shopping in a new supermarket and wants to find a specific type of mustard. Which problem-solving strategy would be most
efficient?
a) Algorithm
b) Heuristic
c) Instinct
d) Mental set
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 288
Difficulty: Hard
Objective8.5
36. When confronted with a problem, persistence in using strategies that have worked in the past rather than new ones is called _____.
a) mental rigidity
b) a mental set
c) functional rigidity
d) a functional set
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 288
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
37. The tendency to think of an object functioning only in its usual or customary way is called _____.
a) functional rigidity
b) problem-solving fixedness
c) functional fixedness
d) a mental set
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 289
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
38. An interior designer on the TV show "Trading Spaces" used the frame of a car to create a child's bed. This is an example of _____.
a) the problem with reality TV shows
b) a mental set
c) overcoming functional fixedness
d) the successful use of an algorithm
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 289
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.5
39. When you use a knife as a screwdriver, you have _____.

a) overcome functional fixedness
b) ruined the knife
c) ruined the screw
d) done the dumbest thing in history
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 289
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
40. The tendency to seek out and pay attention only to information that confirms preexisting beliefs, while ignoring contradictory evidence is
called _____.
a) the confirmation bias
b) fundamental fixation
c) a mental set
d) a conceptual bias
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 289
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
41. Judging the likelihood or probability of events based on how easily other such events can be recalled is known as the _____ heuristic.
a) representative
b) availability
c) prototype
d) functional
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 289
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
42. Misjudging your risk of dying in an airplane crash because you just watched 24-hour coverage of one is MOST related to the _____
heuristic.
a) availability
b) representative
c) confirmation
d) convergence
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 289
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.5
43. Estimating the probability of something based on how well the circumstances match your prototype for that event or object is called _____.
a) functional fixedness
b) the availability heuristic
c) the representative heuristic
d) a mental set
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 289
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
44. Insurance companies avoid errors due to _____ by calculating and analyzing base rates for accidents, age-related diseases, etc.
a) a mental set
b) acalculia
c) the availability heuristic
d) the representative heuristic
Ans: d
Page Ref: pp. 289-290
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.5
45. _____ is the ability to produce valuable outcomes in a novel way.

a) Problem-solving
b) Incubation
c) Functional flexibility
d) Creativity
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 291
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.6
46. Creative thinking is related to _____.

a) fluency, flexibility, and originality
b) genetics, environmental reinforcement, and lack of punishment
c) convergent, divergent, and nonfunctional thinking
d) personality, motivation, and intellectual ability
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 291
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.6
47. Which of the following items would MOST likely appear on a test measuring creativity?
a) How long is the Ohio River?
b) What are the primary colors?
c) List all the uses of a pot.
d) Who was the first governor of New York?
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 291
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.6
48. Regarding creativity, the word "fluency" means _____.

a) being able to discuss your ideas openly and easily
b) being able to avoid a mental set
c) being able to successfully avoid functional fixedness
d) generating a large number of solutions
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 291
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.6
49. Thinking that produces many alternative ideas is called _____.

a) flexible
b) divergent
c) convergent
d) individual
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 291
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.6
50. _____ thinking narrows a list of alternatives toward a single correct answer.
a) Original
b) Convergent
c) Divergent
d) Group
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 292
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.6
51. Janet uses _____ thinking to work on math problems.

a) convergent
b) individual
c) divergent
d) numerical
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 292
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.6
52. To develop an idea for a research paper in his English class, Shaleke should probably use _____ thinking.
a) convergent
b) semantic
c) divergent
d) group
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 291
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.6
53. What are the three abilities commonly associated with creativity?
a) Fluency, vocabulary, experience
b) Fluency, flexibility, originality
c) Flexibility, heuristics, algorithms
d) Originality, fluency, experience
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 291
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.6
54. Sternberg and Lubart's investment theory of creativity suggests that creative people _____.
a) shun ideas that most people would consider worth very little
b) champion ideas that other dismiss
c) compromise quickly and easily when conflict or disagreement arise
d) are motivated by extrinsic rewards
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 292
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.8
55. The statement, "Creative people buy low and sell high in the market of ideas" is most associated with _____.
a) Skinner's view of creativity
b) Sternberg and Lubart's investment theory of creativity
c) Guilford's two-factor theory of creativity
d) Donald Trump's philosophy for winning
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 292
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.8
56. Gina works for a boss who is very insecure and critical. Because Gina believes she would be punished for creative ideas, she is unlikely to
attempt to be creative. Gina lacks the resources _____.
a) knowledge and personality
b) motivation and environment
c) knowledge and environment
d) intellectual ability and personality
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 293
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.8
57. According to investment theory, which of the following is NOT a resource associated with creative people?
a) Intellectual ability
b) Personality
c) Brainstorming
d) Knowledge and style of thinking
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 293
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.8
58. This is a form of communication that has rules for the use of sounds and symbols.
a) Language
b) Speech
c) Prose
d) Poetry
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 293
Section Ref: Language
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.8
59. According to Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis _____.

a) Klingons are smarter than Romulans
b) our vocabulary determines how we perceive and categorize the world
c) our perceptions determine our words
d) meaning is relative
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 293
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.10
60. CURRENT thinking regarding Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that _____.
a) language determines thought
b) thought determines language
c) language influences thought
d) thought influences language
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 293
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.10
61. Which of the following is the most basic unit of human speech?
a) Morphemes
b) Morphine
c) Phonemes
d) Pragmatics
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 294
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.10
62. The smallest meaningful unit of language is called a _____.

a) morpheme
b) phoneme
c) word
d) letter
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 294
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.10
63. The sound for /ng/ is called _____; whereas the suffix /ing/ is called _____.
a) syntax; grammar
b) grammar; syntax
c) a phoneme; a morpheme
d) a morpheme; a phoneme
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 294
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.10
64. The word "blanket" has _____ phoneme(s) and _____ morpheme(s).
a) one; two
b) seven; two
c) seven; one
d) two; one
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 294
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.10
65. According to the language theory of Noam Chomsky, _____.

a) children are born "prewired" to learn language
b) language development is primarily a result of rewards and modeling of adult speech
c) overgeneralizations resulting from faulty development of the LAD
d) language development is primarily cultural and not biological
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 293
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.12
66. _____ is the set of rules that specify how phonemes, morphemes, words, and phrases should be combined to express meaningful thoughts.
a) Syntax
b) Pragmatics
c) Semantics
d) Grammar
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 295
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.10
67. _____ is the set of grammatical rules that specify how to arrange words and phrases in a sentence to convey meaning.
a) Grammar
b) Syntax
c) Functional fixedness
d) The surface structure
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 294
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.10
68. Which of the following sentences breaks the rules for English syntax?
a) The limb crawled out on the lamb of the tree.
b) Streets fatal accidents rainy causes.
c) 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves/Did gyre and gimble in the wabe.
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 294
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.10
69. _____ refers to the meaning (or study of meaning) derived from words, and word combinations.
a) Grammar
b) Syntax
c) Semantics
d) Pragmatics
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 294
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.10
70. Which of the following phrases illustrates improper use of semantics (words that create meaning)?
a) A screaming bouquet of flowers
b) The hustle and bustle of a busy street
c) Every student's worst nightmare
d) Three coins in a fountain
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 294
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.10
71. By age five, most children _____.

a) have mastered all the rules of grammar
b) can use about 5,000 words properly
c) are capable of communicating adequately in their native language
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 295
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.11
72. Chomsky believes we possess an inborn brain capacity to analyze language known as _____.
a) telegraphic understanding device (TUD)
b) language acquisition device (LAD)
c) language and grammar translator (LGT)
d) overgeneralized neural net (ONN)
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 295
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.12
73. The prelinguistic stage of verbal communication in the newborn (birth to four weeks) is characterized by _____.
a) a reflexive crying response to any cause of tension
b) separate cries for hunger and pain, and cooing for pleasure
c) separate cries for hunger, anger, and wet diapers
d) a reflexive cry followed by distinguishable cries for hunger, anger, and pain
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 296
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.11
74. Prelinguistic cooing refers to the production of _____.

a) three distinguishable cries for hunger, anger, and pain
b) vowel sounds
c) consonant and vowel sounds
d) sounds used only in the child's native language
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 296
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.11
75. The production of vowel/consonant combinations at 4 to 6 months is called _____.

a) babbling
b) cooing
c) vocalization
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 296
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.11
76. To the delight of her parents, Mosee has just begun to produce vowel sounds known as _____, while Farina is delighting her parents by
emitting all the sounds of human speech, which is called _____.
a) vocalizing; cooing
b) cooing; babbling
c) babbling; cooing
d) vocalizing; babbling
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 296
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.11
77. Infants enter the true linguistic stage at about _____ of age with the understanding that _____.
a) 18 months; dada means daddy
b) 12 months; mama means mommy
c) 12 months; sounds are related to meaning
d) 18 months; consonants and vowels produce words
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 296
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.11
78. The misuse of words to include objects that don't fit a word's meaning is called _____.
a) overgeneralization
b) under utilization
c) overextension
d) over utilization
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 296
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.11
79. A child who calls any man with a moustache "daddy" is demonstrating the principle of _____.
b) overextension
c) over-simplification
d) over-categorization
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 297
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.11
80. Two- and three-word sentences that contain only the most necessary words are called _____.
a) telegraphic speech
b) simplistic speech
c) babbling
d) telescoped communication
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 296
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.11
81. Which of the following is the BEST example of telegraphic speech?

a) "No sit there."
b) "Baba" for baby
c) "Daddy"
d) "Mama"
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 296
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.11
82. Applying the basic rules of grammar to cases that are exceptions to the rules is called _____.
b) under utilization
c) overextension
d) over utilization
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 296
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.11
83. Children make errors like "mouses" and "goed" versus "mice" and "went" because they _____ the rules of grammar.
a) ignore
b) haven't learned
c) overextend
d) overgeneralize
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 294
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.12
84. "I goed to the zoo" and "I hurt my foots" are examples of _____.
a) prelinguistic verbalizations
b) overexposure to adult "baby talk"
c) overgeneralization
d) Noam Chomsky's theory of language acquisition
Ans: c
Page Ref: 296
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.11
85. Research indicates _____ can communicate using hand signals/sign language.
a) chimpanzees
b) gorillas
c) dolphins
d) both A and B
e) all of the above
Ans: e
Page Ref: 299
Difficulty: easy
Objective: 8.13
APA Goal: 2 Research Methods in Psychology
86. Human language differs from communication of nonhuman animals in that it is _____.
a) used more to express a wide range of thoughts and ideas
b) the expression of an innate capacity
c) essential for thought
d) composed of sounds
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 299
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.13
APA Goal: 2 Research Methods in Psychology
87. Your author makes the point that intelligence is not a thing. Instead, she identifies intelligence as an abstract _____.
a) concept
b) verbalization
c) construct
d) idea
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 300
Section Ref: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.14
88. The definition of intelligence stated in your textbook stresses the capacity to _____.
a) perform in school and on the job
b) read, write, and make computations
c) perform verbally and physically
d) think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 300
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.14
89. The g factor originally proposed by Charles Spearman is best defined as _____.
a) skill in the use of language as a tool for thought
b) general intelligence
c) the ability to adapt to the environment
d) the type of intelligence we call "common sense"
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 300
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.14
90. Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
a) Spearman: intelligence = general mental abilities
b) Thurstone: intelligence = seven primary mental abilities
c) Guilford: intelligence is influenced by up to 120 factors
d) Cattell: theory of multiple intelligences
Ans: d
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.14 & 8.15
91. This intelligence is genetically and biologically determined.

a) g
b) gf
c) gc
d) fc
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 300
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.14
92. Cattell proposed that there were two types of g" _____.
a) verbal and numerical
b) verbal and visual
c) fluid and crystallized
d) mental and physical
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 300
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.14
93. _____ intelligence is relatively independent of education and includes reasoning, memory, and speed of processing, which declines slowly
as people age.
a) Crystallized
b) Fluid
c) Practical
d) Informational
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 300
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.14
94. This is the knowledge and skills gained through experience and education that increase over a lifetime.
a) Fluid intelligence
b) Crystallized intelligence
c) Verbal knowledge
d) Wisdom
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 300
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.14
95. Physicians, teachers, musicians, and politicians continue to work well into old age largely due to _____, which tends to increase over time.
a) creative intelligence
b) fluid intelligence (gf)
c) crystallized intelligence (gc)
d) their own bull-headedness
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 300
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.14
96. _____ says that intelligence is composed of analytic, creative, and practical intelligence.
a) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
b) Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence
c) Thurstone's theory of distinct mental abilities
d) Guilford's theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 301
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.15
97. The idea that people differ in their "profiles of intelligence" showing a unique pattern of strengths and weaknesses, is related to _____.
a) Guilford's 120-factor model of intelligence
b) Thurston's triarchical theory of successful intelligence
c) Cattell's two-factor theory of intelligence
d) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 301
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.15
98. The first IQ test to be used widely in the US is the _____.

a) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
b) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
c) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
d) Binet-Terman Intelligence Scale
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 303
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.15
99. An intelligence quotient (IQ) is _____.

a) your mental age divided by your chronological age and multiplied by 100
b) always computed for intelligence tests
c) is determined by the National Bureau of Standards
d) all of the above
e) a and b only
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 303
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.16
100. A deviation IQ is _____.

a) less than a normal IQ
b) more than a normal IQ
c) based on how far your test score is from the norm
d) either less or more than a normal IQ
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 303
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.16
101. The Weschler Intelligence Scales yield _____.
a) an overall intelligence score
b) a verbal score
c) a fluidity score
d) both A and B
e) all of the above
Ans: d
Page Ref: 303
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.16
102. The establishment of norms (averages) in order to assess what is representative of the general population is called _____.
a) reliability
b) validation
c) standardization
d) norming
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 304
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.17
103. The development of standard procedures for administering and scoring a test is called _____.
a) norming
b) standardization
c) procedural protocol
d) normalization
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 304
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.17
104. This is a measure of the consistency and stability of test scores when re-administered at different times.
a) Reliability
b) Validity
c) Standardization
d) Normalization
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 305
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.17
105. The _______ is the ability of a test to measure what it is designed to do.
a) standardization curve
b) validity
c) reliability
d) none of these options
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 305
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.17
106. Reliability can be determined using _____.

a) standardization procedures
b) the test-retest and split-half methods
c) population norms
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 305
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.17
107. This is a measure of a test's ability to measure what it is designed to measure.

a) Validity
b) Standardization
c) Reliability
d) Normalization
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 305
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.17
108. If a test is valid, then its scores will be useful in _____.

a) predicting the test-taker's behavior in a similar situation
b) establishing a standardization curve
c) determining a person's genetic capacity for the behavior that was tested
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 305
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.17
109. If a test is standardized and reliable, what conclusions can you make about its validity?
a) The test is probably valid.
b) The test is probably invalid.
c) The test may be valid for some people, but not for others.
d) You cannot determine validity from reliability or standardization.
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 305
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.17
110. The controversy over IQ tests in the United States is related to problems with _____.
a) standardization
b) reliability
c) validity
d) norms
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 306
Section Ref: The Intelligence Controversy
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.18
111. Mental retardation applies to an individual with significant deficits in adaptive functioning and a score below _____ on a standard IQ test.
a) 50
b) 60
c) 70
d) 80
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 306
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.18
112. Only about _____% of the general population have mental retardation and, of that number, only _____ are moderately to profoundly
retarded.
a) 4-5%; 2-4%
b) 1-3%; 14-16%
c) 1-1.5%; 3-5%
d) 1-2%; 3-5%
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 305
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.18
113. The cause(s) of mental retardation is(are) _____.

a) genetic abnormalities
b) environmental factors
c) many times unknown
Ans: d
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.18
114. People with mental retardation who demonstrate exceptional ability or brilliance in some specific areas are called _____.
a) savants
b) idiot geniuses
c) mildly retarded
d) connoisseurs
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 306
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8018
115. Intellectually gifted people score in the top _____ percent on a standard IQ test.
a) 1-2
b) 5
c) 10
d) 5-10
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 307
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.18
116. People with IQs between 40 and 70 who demonstrate exceptional skill or brilliance in areas such as rapid calculations, art, or musical
ability are called _____.
a) savants
b) gifted
c) exceptional
d) sauvers
Ans: a
Page Ref: 306
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.18
117. Which of the following is TRUE of mentally gifted people, compared to people with average intellectual abilities?
a) They have fewer suicides.
b) They have a lower incidence of alcoholism.
c) They have more intellectual opportunities.
d) All of these options are true
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 307
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.18
118. Compared to human norms, Einstein's brain was _____.

a) larger
b) heavier
c) larger and heavier
d) neither larger nor heavier
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 308
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.19
119. The _____ area in Einstein's brain was 15% larger than the same area in other people.
a) mathematical and spatial (parietal lobe)
b) verbal (temporal lobe)
c) somatosensory
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 308
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.19
120. Speed of response is _____ correlated with IQ scores.

a) negatively
b) positively
c) highly
d) not
Ans: b
Page Ref: p. 308
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.19
121. The brains of more intelligent people use fewer _____ to solve problems than a less efficient brain.
a) parts of the brain
b) neurotransmitters
c) synapses
d) energy or glucose resources
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 308
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.19
122. Brain activity is _____ correlated with intelligence.

a) negatively
b) positively
c) highly
d) not
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 308
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.19
123. Researchers in the Minnesota study found that genetic factors played _____ role in IQ scores of identical twins reared apart.
a) a very small
b) a moderate
c) a large
d) no
Ans: c
Page Ref: pp. 308-309 Section Ref: The Intelligence Controversy
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 8.19
124. Current research regarding the origins of intellectual capacity _____.

a) is inconclusive
b) suggests that nature has greater impact than nurture
c) suggests that nurture has greater impact than nature
d) suggests that nature and nurture have equal impact
Ans: a
Page Ref: p. 309
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.19
125. Ethnic group differences in IQ scores can be due to _____.

a) negative stereotypes about minorities
b) socioeconomic differences
c) cultural biases in IQ tests
Ans: d
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.20
126. The Flynn Effect refers to the increase in IQ scores over the years, and may be due to _____.
a) improved public education
b) people becoming better test-takers
c) better nutrition
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 310
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.20
127. This is a psychological predicament in which a person experiences doubt about his or her performance due to negative beliefs about his or
her group's ability.
a) The Bell Curve Effect
b) The Flynn Effect
c) A stereotype threat
d) The self-fulfilling prophecy
Ans: c
Page Ref: p. 312 Section Ref: The Intelligence Controversy
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.21
128. The stereotype threat effects the IQ scores of which of the following groups?
a) Women
b) White male athletes
c) The elderly
Ans: d
Page Ref: p. 312
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.20
129. When members of a minority group doubt their abilities and fear they may fulfill their group’s negative type cast they are experiencing
_____.
a) prejudice
b) discrimination
c) self-fulfilling prophecy
d) stereotype threat
Ans: d
Page Ref: 312
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 8.20
Essay
1. Define cognition, thinking, and concepts, and describe the three strategies for learning concepts, illustrating your answer with examples.
Objective: 8.1
2. Use the following problem to list and illustrate each of the three steps in problem-solving. Describe how the five problem-solving barriers
might or might not affect your ability to solve this problem. "Imagine that you are running late for a job interview and you spill coffee on the
front of your only clean shirt just before you walk out the door. It is important to make a good first impression with the panel who will be
interviewing you. What should you do?"
Objective: 8.4, 8.5

3. Define creativity and describe the three elements of creative thinking. Describe Sternberg and Lubart's investment theory of creativity and
the six resources they considered to be necessary for creative thinking.
Objective: 8.6
4. Define and illustrate of each of the following building blocks of language: phonemes, morphemes, grammar, syntax, and semantics.
Objective: 8.9
5. Imagine that you have just had a baby, who will follow normal developmental milestones. Name your baby, and describe his or her
language development from birth through age 5.
Objective: 8.9
6. Discuss the "data" for and against the belief that nonhuman animals can be taught to use language.
Objective: 8.13
7. Contrast Spearman's, Thurstone's, and Cattell's concepts of intelligence, and illustrate the differences between fluid and crystallized
intelligence.
Objective: 8.14
Psychology in Action Huffman 10th Edition Test Bank
8. Contrast Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences with Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence. State which theory you think
better explains intelligence, and explain your choice.
Objective: 8.15
9. Discuss intelligence testing in terms of standardization, reliability, and validity.
Objective: 8.17
10. Describe biological, genetic, and environmental influences on intelligence.
Objective: 8.19
11Discuss how psychologists answer the question “Are intelligence tests culturally biased”?
Objective: 8.20
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1. Cognition includes the processes of _____.

3. Using information and acting on that information is evidence of _____.

5. Mental representations of previously stored sensory experiences are called _____.

6. Which of the following persons is using a mental image?

8. All of the following are examples of concepts EXCEPT _____.

Ans: c Page Ref: p. 285

9. These are examples of abstract concepts.

10. An artificial or formal concept arises from _____.

14. This is a representation of the "best" or most typical example of a category.

20. Problem-solving is the act of moving _____.

Algorithms are great for:

30. The final stage in problem-solving is called _____.

39. When you use a knife as a screwdriver, you have _____.

45. _____ is the ability to produce valuable outcomes in a novel way.

46. Creative thinking is related to _____.

48. Regarding creativity, the word "fluency" means _____.

49. Thinking that produces many alternative ideas is called _____.

51. Janet uses _____ thinking to work on math problems.

59. According to Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis _____.

62. The smallest meaningful unit of language is called a _____.

65. According to the language theory of Noam Chomsky, _____.

71. By age five, most children _____.

74. Prelinguistic cooing refers to the production of _____.

75. The production of vowel/consonant combinations at 4 to 6 months is called _____.

81. Which of the following is the BEST example of telegraphic speech?

91. This intelligence is genetically and biologically determined.

98. The first IQ test to be used widely in the US is the _____.

99. An intelligence quotient (IQ) is _____.

100. A deviation IQ is _____.

106. Reliability can be determined using _____.

107. This is a measure of a test's ability to measure what it is designed to measure.

108. If a test is valid, then its scores will be useful in _____.

113. The cause(s) of mental retardation is(are) _____.

118. Compared to human norms, Einstein's brain was _____.

120. Speed of response is _____ correlated with IQ scores.

122. Brain activity is _____ correlated with intelligence.

124. Current research regarding the origins of intellectual capacity _____.

125. Ethnic group differences in IQ scores can be due to _____.

Objective: 8.4, 8.5

9. Discuss intelligence testing in terms of standardization, reliability, and validity.

10. Describe biological, genetic, and environmental influences on intelligence.

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