Test Bank For Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach 8th Edition Barlow

Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach 8th Edition Barlow
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Approach 8th Edition Barlow
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Chapter 06
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders
Multiple Choice
1. All of the following are classified as somatic symptom and related disorders EXCEPT
a. dissociative identity disorder.
b. factitious disorder.
c. conversion disorder.
d. illness anxiety disorder.
ANSWER: a
2. The common aspect of all somatic symptom disorders is a maladaptive or excessive

a. belief that a serious medical condition will cause death.
b. belief that one's appearance is ugly.
c. response to physical or associated health symptoms.
d. concern with the meaning of a physical pain.
ANSWER: c
3. Hippocrates and the Egyptians before him thought that hysterical disorders were the result of a .
a. dysfunctional ovary
b. tense vagina
c. wandering uterus
d. none of these
ANSWER: c
4. In 1859, Pierre Briquet described patients who came to see him with a seemingly endless list of complaints for which
he could find no basis. This was later called:
a. Obsession/compulsion Disorder
b. Somatic Symptom Disorder
c. Dissociative Identity Disorder
d. Depression.
ANSWER: b
5. Your friend Jorge is always complaining that he doesn’t feel well. He thinks his symptoms are serious, has a high-level
of anxiety about his symptoms, and often Googles his symptoms. What must be ruled out before Jorge can be diagnosed
for Somatic Symptom Disorder:
a. medical attention to ensure that he does not have an underlying injury.
b. medical attention to ensure that he does not have an underlying illness.
c. discussion with his doctor about recent and previous substance abuse.
d. all of the above are correct.
ANSWER: d
6. According to psychological theory, neuroses stem from

a. underlying unconscious conflicts.
b. the clash of conscious and unconscious therapy.
c. dream process.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
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Chapter 06
d. identity concepts.
ANSWER: a
7. Illness anxiety disorder exists when

a. a person is excessively concerned about being sick, even when only experiencing minor symptoms.
b. real physical illness is exaggerated to the point where the patient can only focus on the pain.
c. the patient has an unrealistic fear of contacting germs.
d. the patient is truly ill but does not trust the medical establishment enough to seek treatment.
ANSWER: a
8. An essential element of illness anxiety disorder is .

a. psychosis
b. worry
c. depression
d. dissociation
ANSWER: b
9. Joe just ate six chili dogs and drank a liter of soda. If Joe suffers from illness anxiety disorder, he would probably
interpret any resulting stomach discomfort as
a. his own fault for eating so much.
b. the result of poor quality food.
c. gas pains from overeating.
d. a sign that something is seriously wrong with his stomach.
ANSWER: d
10. Panic disorder shares several common characteristics with both somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety
disorder. Which of the following is not one of those shared features?
a. Age of onset
b. Running in families
c. Personality characteristics
d. Manner in which anxiety is expressed
ANSWER: d
11. Illness anxiety disorder was formerly known as:

a. hypochondriasis
b. OCD
c. schizophrenia
d. irreality disorder
ANSWER: a
12. Clients with illness anxiety disorder are likely to

a. avoid doctors.
b. avoid unnecessary medical procedures.

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Chapter 06
c. soon reject assurances that they are healthy.

d. ignore the long-term process of illness.
ANSWER: c
13. Since Jane has been diagnosed with illness anxiety disorder, we can expect her to see her physician
a. often and feel completely reassured that there is nothing wrong with her health.
b. rarely but continue to believe that she is quite ill.
c. almost never because she does not trust physicians.
d. often but continue to be anxious about her health anyway.
ANSWER: d
14. Although Jill feels fine now and believes that she is healthy, she still worries endlessly about developing a serious
illness. Most likely Jill would be diagnosed with
a. illness anxiety disorder.
b. conversion disorder.
c. somatization disorder.
d. body dysmorphic disorder.
ANSWER: a
15. Although both panic disorder patients and persons with somatic symptom disorder tend to misinterpret bodily
sensations, patients with panic disorder
a. are having real physical sensations, while the sensations of those with somatic symptom disorder are "all in
their heads."
b. tend to fear immediate catastrophe, while those with somatic symptom disorder tend to fear long-term illness.
c. are having imagined physical sensations, while those with somatic symptom disorder are experiencing
real physical sensations.
d. tend to ignore the symptoms of their first attacks, while those with somatic symptom disorder tend to seek
immediate medical treatment following the first indication of pain.
ANSWER: b
16. Minor, physical complaints are common among .

a. young children
b. adolescents
c. the middle aged
d. the elderly
ANSWER: a
17. With regard to a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder, women are

a. equally likely as men to be diagnosed.
b. less likely than men to be diagnosed.
c. more likely than men to be diagnosed.
d. more likely than men to be diagnosed during middle to late adulthood but no more likely than men to be
diagnosed during teen years and early adulthood.
ANSWER: c
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18. Disorders such as koro and dhat that are similar to somatic symptom disorders demonstrate the
a. influence of culture on psychopathology.
b. physical basis of many hypochondriacs' complaints.
c. difficulty of accurately diagnosing hypochondriasis.
d. influence of genetics on psychopathology.
ANSWER: a
19. Although it's name has changed from DSM-IV to DSM-5, hypochondriasis is essentially an emotional disturbance
triggered by
a. physical pathology.
b. misinterpretation of normal physical sensations.
c. social concerns.
d. severe or unusual physical sensations.
ANSWER: b
20. Studies suggest that patients with somatic symptom disorder or illness anxiety disorder are characterized by a
tendency to
a. interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening.
b. minimize physical symptoms.
c. have low sensitivity to perceived illness.
d. avoid bad news cues.
ANSWER: a
21. Paradoxically, an effective treatment for somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder involves helping the
patient to focus on
a. creating their own symptoms.
b. ignoring their own symptoms.
c. getting reassurance about their symptoms.
d. understanding other life stressors.
ANSWER: c
22. With regard to the treatment of illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder, some research supports the use
of __________.
a. conditioning
b. psychoanalysis
c. cognitive-behavioral treatment and stress reduction
d. humanistic therapy
ANSWER: c
23. With regard to the treatment of somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder, research exploring the use of
reassurance in a process called "explanatory therapy" showed that
a. some significant gains were achieved.
b. reassurance did not work for hypochondriacs.
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c. reassurance showed some gains but they lasted less than several days.
d. the gains were so significant that participants were essentially "cured."
ANSWER: a
24. The effectiveness of reassurance in treating Illness Anxiety Disorder is a “surprising” because
a. the efficacy has never been shown empirically.
b. family members begin reassuring the patient and then give up.
c. by definition, patients with these disorders are not supposed to respond to reassurance.
d. all of the above are true.
ANSWER: c
25. Which of the following is a reason why physicians do not thoroughly explain illness to people with Illness Anxiety
Disorder?
a. Empirical evidence suggests that it makes no difference
b. Lack of time
c. Hypochondriasis is no longer recognized in the DSM
d. All of the above are true
ANSWER: b
26. In terms of antidepressant medication treatments for somatic symptom disorder, the most accurate statement based on
the research so far is
a. antidepressants are effective but not significantly different from a placebo condition.
b. antidepressants are not effective.
c. some reports suggest that antidepressants may be effective, but placebo-controlled studies have not been
performed.
d. placebo-controlled studies have been performed and the results suggest that antidepressants work for some
hypochondriacs but not for most.
ANSWER: a
27. Research suggests that somatic symptom disorder often occurs in families with a strong tendency toward__________.
a. antisocial personality disorder
b. schizophrenia
c. depression
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
ANSWER: a
28. A possible link between antisocial personality disorder and somatic symptom disorder is .
a. a lack of impulse control
b. lack of aggression
c. social isolation
d. dependence
ANSWER: a
29. The hypothesized connections between somatic symptom disorder and antisocial personality disorder are
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a. poor modeling by parents and other authority figures.

b. sibling rivalry and attention deficits.
c. pleasure seeking and impulsivity.
d. genetic defects and poor nutrition.
ANSWER: c
30. A patient with somatic symptom disorder tends to generate higher healthcare costs than an average patient due to
a. an extensive medical and physical workup with every visit to a new physician.
b. the person's tendency to visit numerous medical specialists.
c. both a and b.
d. neither a or b.
ANSWER: c
31. One method that is used to reduce the financial burden associated with somatic symptom disorder is____________.
a. psychoanalysis
b. encouraging patients to speak to family and friends about their symptoms
c. exposure therapy
d. assignment of a gatekeeper physician
ANSWER: d
32. When clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurological or
medical condition, we say that this is:
a. somatization disorder.
b. hypochondriasis.
c. conversion disorder.
d. dissociative disorder.
ANSWER: c
33. Joe injured his back at work several years ago. Although he was treated and considered healed by his physicians, he
still complains of severe and debilitating back pain. Other than some minor scar tissue, his doctors can't find anything that
could be causing more than some minor stiffness. It appears that Joe might be diagnosed with_________________.
a. conversion disorder
b. depersonalization/derealization disorder
c. somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain
d. illness anxiety disorder
ANSWER: c
34. The disorder that involves physical malfunctioning without any physical cause is called .
b. hypochondriasis
c. somatization disorder
d. body dysmorphic disorder
ANSWER: a
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35. Tom was in a coma after an automobile accident which killed his wife. His physical health improved and there is no
medical reason why he should not be able to move his arms and legs. Tom may be suffering from:
b. hypochondriasis
c. obsessive/compulsive disorder
d. body dysmorphic disorder
ANSWER: a
36. George has completely lost his sight during the past year, but medical experts can find no physical reason for his
blindness. This could be an example of .
a. somatization disorder
b. hypochondriasis
c. conversion disorder
d. dissociative disorder
ANSWER: c
37. Conversion disorder patients were conceptualized by Freud as

a. converting unconscious conflicts into physical symptoms.
b. converting unconscious conflicts into defense mechanisms.
c. experiencing physical symptoms as a result of the superego.
d. experiencing internal conflicts as a result of id impulses being suppressed by the superego.
ANSWER: a
38. Conversion disorder symptoms generally appear .

a. randomly
b. following a physical injury to the affected area
c. shortly after some marked stress
d. in children
ANSWER: c
39. Which of the following would be typical for a patient suffering from a conversion disorder?
a. Feeling a lump in the throat that interferes with swallowing, eating, or talking.
b. Ability to see some bright objects when calm but suffering complete loss of sight during a stressful period or
emergency.
c. Great concern with the loss of function and belief that it is a symptom of a potentially fatal disease.
d. Ability to identify everything in the visual field even though the patient reports that she is blind.
ANSWER: a
40. In regard to diagnosing a patient's symptoms as a conversion disorder, it is

a. quite apparent when a patient is malingering (faking), but it is difficult to determine whether symptoms are
due to real physical disorders or a conversion disorder.
b. quite apparent when a symptom is due to a real physical disorder, but it is impossible to determine the
difference between a conversion disorder and patient malingering (faking).
c. rather easy to determine the difference between symptoms that the patient fakes, those caused by real physical
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disorder, and symptoms caused by conversion disorder.

d. very difficult to determine whether the symptoms are due to malingering (faking), real physical disorders, or
conversion disorder.
ANSWER: d
41. Which of the following statements is TRUE about factitious disorders?

a. Fortunately, the disorder does not seem to extend to other members of the family.
b. The symptoms are under involuntary control.
c. There is no obvious reason for voluntarily producing symptoms.
d. The symptoms lead to a splintering off of one's identity into several "subpersonalities."
ANSWER: c
42. Samson knows that he has a cold but goes to the movie theatre anyway. When you confront him about being sick, he
replies “misery loves company.” Samson is showing evidence of:
a. Factitious disorder
b. Somatic Symptom Disorder
c. Conversion Disorder
d. None of the above
ANSWER: d
43. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy is:

a. common, particularly with mothers and newborn babies.
b. rare and considered child abuse.
c. usually consistent with the symptoms of OCD.
d. most likely to co-occur when the perpetrator has Factitious Disorder themselves.
ANSWER: b
44. Factitious disorder imposed on another is often characterized by

a. deliberate actions directed toward making a child sick.
b. a parent denying that a child has symptoms that have, in fact, been observed.
c. a parent developing the same symptoms that their child has.
d. convincing a child to lie to a doctor about factitious symptoms.
ANSWER: a
45.
A person who fakes symptoms for a goal is called a___________, while a person who fakes a disease for no clear goal has
a____________disorder:
a. malingerer; factitious
b. conversion disorder patient; malingering
c. fictitious disorder patient; conversion
d. hypochondriac; factitious
ANSWER: a
46. A mother who repeatedly seeks medical treatment for her child’s unusual illness and is overly involved in the
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child’s treatment might need to be assessed for .
a. factitious disorder imposed on another
b. malingering
c. conversion disorder
d. illness phobia
ANSWER: a
47. A commonly-seen form of factitious disorder imposed on another is a set of conditions that
a. falls somewhere between malingering and conversion disorders.
b. falls under voluntary control like malingering.
c. is an atypical form of child abuse.
d. is a combination of a somatic symptom disorder and a dissociative disorder.
ANSWER: c
48. Catharsis is
a. the process of placing a tube into the bladder to release urine.
b. a conscious behavioral process.
c. a purging of emotionally traumatic events.
d. none of these
ANSWER: c
49. Which of the following statements is TRUE about conversion disorders?

a. The prevalence of conversion disorders is equal in men and women.
b. Conversion disorders typically develop in the late 20s or early 30s.
c. Conversion disorders are not uncommon in males at times of extreme stress.
d. Once conversion disorders disappear, they do not reoccur.
ANSWER: c
50. Freud called the reduction in anxiety by converting unconscious conflicts into physical symptoms
a. primary narcissism.
b. secondary narcissism.
c. primary gain.
d. secondary gain.
ANSWER: c
51. The modern view of the causes of conversion disorder is

a. completely different from Freud's ideas of the etiology of this disorder.
b. somewhat similar to the causes that Freud described for this disorder.
c. a combination of genetic predisposition and neurobiological deficits.
d. based on social learning theory.
ANSWER: b
52. With regard to Freud's explanation of "la belle indifference" (the observation that conversion disorder patients are not
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concerned about their symptoms), research conducted by Lader and Sartorius (1968) suggests that
a. conversion disorder patients do display "la belle indifference," but Freud's explanation of primary gain is not
supported.
b. Freud's explanation is essentially correct since there is great variability in the amount of concern that
conversion disorder patients display regarding their symptoms.
c. conversion disorder patients actually are quite concerned with their symptoms, so Freud's explanation of
primary gain is not supported.
d. "la belle indifference" is a myth, thus validating Freud's explanation of primary gain.
ANSWER: c
53. Your textbook authors describe a treatment plan for conversion disorder involving
a. in-depth exploration of psychological conflicts.
b. regression to the early psychosexual stages of development.
c. application of a strict behavioral program that includes reinforcement for each display of progress and
punishment when necessary.
d. reduction of any reinforcing or supportive consequences of the conversion symptoms.
ANSWER: d
54. In treating conversion disorder, which of the following statements is true?

a. Clients responded well to cognitive-behavioral therapy.
b. Clients responded well to hypnosis.
c. Clients responded well when hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy were combined.
d. Like somatic symptom disorder, clients do not respond well to any treatment.
ANSWER: a
55. The experience of dissociation occurs in

a. psychotic disorders only.
b. individuals with dissociative disorders only.
c. only in those individuals who have experienced great personal trauma.
d. certain psychological disorders as well as in non-disordered people at times.
ANSWER: d
56. Depersonalization is defined as

a. altered perception including loss of the sense of one's own reality.
b. altered perception involving loss of the sense of reality of the external world.
c. vivid hallucinations.
d. the feeling that one is no longer a person.
ANSWER: a
57. Jason suddenly notices that the world looks weird to him. Some objects look bigger than normal and others look
smaller. Cars passing by seem oddly shaped and people appear dead or mechanical. Joe is experiencing________.
a. derealization
b. depersonalization
c. classic early psychosis symptoms
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d. mania
ANSWER: a
58. While driving alone in her car, Sarah suddenly looks around and, for a moment, she can't remember where she is, how
she arrived at this point on the road, or even why she is driving her car. Sarah is experiencing_______________.
a. derealization
b. depersonalization
c. the early stages of what will eventually become a severe psychotic disorder
d. symptoms of a mood disorder
ANSWER: b
59. Individuals with depersonalization show

a. decreased emotional responsiveness.
b. increased emotional responsiveness.
c. erratic emotions.
d. insincere emotions.
ANSWER: a
60. Losing your own sense of reality is called .

a. depersonalization
b. a fugue state
c. a trance state
d. a dissociative disorder
ANSWER: a
61. The diagnosis of depersonalization-derealization disorder is

a. rare and only applied when the experience of depersonalization interferes with normal functioning.
b. rare but applied to anyone who experiences depersonalization.
c. fairly common since many people experience depersonalization.
d. fairly common and applied to anyone who is frightened by an experience of depersonalization.
ANSWER: a
62. In dissociative amnesia, the individual typically has no memory of

a. any events.
b. events prior to a trauma.
c. selective events, particularly those involving trauma.
d. events following a trauma, particularly those involving interpersonal issues.
ANSWER: c
63. In dissociative fugue, the term fugue relates to .

a. confusion
b. flight or travel
c. loss of consciousness
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d. hallucination
ANSWER: b
64. Patients diagnosed with dissociative amnesia with a dissociative fugue

a. will travel and typically experience memory loss during their trip.
b. will travel but do not experience memory loss.
c. typically experience memory loss but do not travel.
d. seldom recover any sense of their own identity.
ANSWER: a
65. During a dissociative fugue state, it is not uncommon for individuals to

a. commit suicide.
b. see the world as a strange and foreign place.
c. take on a new identity.
d. contact friends and family.
ANSWER: c
66. A man who finds himself living in a small town in Alaska with no recall of how he got there may have___________.
a. dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
b. conversion
c. depersonalization-derealization disorder
d. dissociative identity disorder
ANSWER: a
67. A distinctive dissociative state that is not found in Western cultures is .

a. amok
b. exorcism
c. trance
d. voodoo
ANSWER: a
68. Dissociative trance disorder is diagnosed

a. only when the trance is unpredictable in terms of when it appears (i.e., individual goes into a trance without
prior religious ritual).
b. only when the trance is undesirable and considered pathological in the individual's culture.
c. only when the trance causes harm to the individual or others.
d. whenever an individual repeatedly enters a trance state.
ANSWER: b
69. In non-Western cultures, trance and possession are

a. extremely rare.
b. never considered a disorder.
c. the most common forms of dissociative disorders.
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d. the rarest forms of dissociative disorders.

ANSWER: c
70. The disorder in which more than one distinct personality exists within one individual was changed from multiple
personality disorder to ___________ in the DSM-IV.
a. dissociative identity disorder
b. dissociative trance disorder
c. schizophrenia
d. multiple personality disorder
ANSWER: a
71. An alter is
a. a separate identity experienced by someone with dissociative identity disorder.
b. a new identity created by someone with dissociative fugue.
c. a new identity created by someone with generalized amnesia.
d. a physical symptom with no physical cause experienced by someone with somatic symptom disorder.
ANSWER: a
72. The host identity usually:

a. is the original personality.
b. is engaged in sexual identity and often sex work.
c. the personality that most often seeks psychological treatment.
d. none of the above are correct.
ANSWER: c
73. With regard to dissociative identity disorder, the term "alter" refers to within the individual.
a. the "host" personality
b. a dangerous personality
c. the most recent personality to emerge
d. a different personality
ANSWER: d
74. A switch
a. usually occurs instantaneously.
b. is the transition from one personality to another.
c. may exhibit physical transformations.
d. all of these.
ANSWER: d
75. In dissociative identity disorder, the "host" personality is usually the one that
a. is the most aggressive of the personalities.
b. asks for treatment and becomes the patient.
c. earns income for the individual.
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d. is sexually provocative.
ANSWER: b
76. In dissociative identity disorder, the "host" personality usually

a. is of a gender opposite to that of the individual.
b. becomes overwhelmed trying to hold all of the personality fragments together.
c. is male.
d. is well aware of each personality and everything that happens while each personality is active.
ANSWER: b
77. The existence of a cross-gendered alter in dissociative identity disorder is .

a. common
b. rare
c. present in every patient
d. almost never seen in this disorder
ANSWER: a
78. One aspect of the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is .
a. patient awareness of the distinct personalities
b. existence of three or more personality fragments
c. amnesia
d. history of abuse
ANSWER: c
79. Vanna, who is 40, apparently believes that she is a 20-year-old woman. Suddenly, she starts to speak and behave very
differently, and says she no longer thinks of herself as "Vanna." Instead, she claims to be Elise, a 10-year-old child. It is
likely that Vanna has just experienced a .
a. switch
b. dissociative trance disorder
c. conversion reaction
d. schizophrenic moment
ANSWER: a
80. In dissociative identity disorder, the transition from one personality to another is called a .
a. transformation
b. substitution
c. switch
d. alteration
ANSWER: c
81. The process of changing from one personality to another generally occurs ______ in most patients with dissociative
identity disorder.
a. slowly
b. quickly
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c. rarely
d. only after many warning signs that a change is about to occur
ANSWER: b
82. With regard to evidence for the scientific validity of dissociative identity disorder (DID), the most accurate statement
is
a. most DID patients are faking.
b. research suggests that faking dissociative experiences is possible.
c. it is virtually impossible to fake the types of changes that occur in dissociative identity disorder.
d. objective tests can always determine which patients are faking dissociative identity disorder.
ANSWER: b
83. Studies of faking, amnesia, and hypnosis, such as the one conducted by Spanos (1996), suggest that symptoms of
dissociative identity disorder
a. cannot be developed through therapist suggestion and reinforcement.
b. are almost always the result of hypnotically inserted (false) memories.
c. can be developed through therapist suggestion and reinforcement.
d. are almost never the result of therapist intervention.
ANSWER: c
84. Comparisons of optical functioning in the various personalities of dissociative identity disorder patients show changes
that would be
a. easy to fake.
b. absolutely impossible to fake.
c. consistent with an individual who was trying to fake.
d. difficult to fake.
ANSWER: d
85. With regard to the studies of DID described in your text regarding faking, amnesia, and hypnosis, as well as the
studies regarding the physiological changes that occur in the different personalities, the most accurate statement is
a. while DID symptoms can be faked or developed through suggestion, many physiological changes observed
in DID patients would be very difficult to fake.
b. DID symptoms and the many physiological changes observed in DID patients can be developed through
suggestion and are easily faked.
c. while physiological changes associated with DID are relatively easy to fake, the symptoms of DID are very
difficult to fake or to develop through suggestion.
d. almost all cases of DID are probably faked or developed through therapist suggestion.
ANSWER: a
86. Dissociative identity disorder tends to be associated with .

a. child abuse
b. multiple psychological disorders
c. dissociation
d. all of these
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ANSWER: a
87. Which of the following statements is FALSE about dissociative identity disorder?
a. Once established, the disorder lasts a lifetime without treatment.
b. For prevalence rates, the ratio of females to males is approximately 9 to 1.
c. The frequency of switching increases with age.
d. The form that the disorder takes does not differ substantially over the lifespan.
ANSWER: c
88. Individuals with dissociative identity disorder generally

a. have only one other distinct personality.
b. suffer a loss of their own identity that lasts several years.
c. maintain complete awareness of all of their personalities.
d. have several distinct personalities.
ANSWER: d
89. One distinction that may help determine those with DID from individuals who are malingering (faking their
symptoms) is that malingerers are
a. usually eager to demonstrate their symptoms.
b. usually hiding the existence of a major life crisis.
c. more likely to have many alters.
d. less likely to seek treatment.
ANSWER: a
90. The average number of alter personalities observed in individuals with dissociative identity disorder
is______________.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 15
d. 100
ANSWER: c
91. Dissociative identity disorder is most commonly found in .

a. females
b. males
c. children
d. the elderly
ANSWER: a
92. The average length of time between an individual's first symptoms of DID and the identification and diagnosis of the
disorder by a professional is ____________.
a. one year
b. 20 years
c. less than a month
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d. seven years
ANSWER: d
93. Without treatment, it is expected that DID will last ___________________.

a. 10 years
b. a lifetime
c. several months
d. 20 years
ANSWER: b
94. Studies examining the incidence of DID in non-clinical populations (the population at large or a university population)
suggest that approximately_____________percent of the general population suffer from DID.
a. .001
b. .01 to .05
c. 1.5
d. 5
ANSWER: c
95. Sue has DID. It is extremely likely that she also has
a. at least one other psychological disorder.
b. a problem with her weight.
c. a history of problems with the law.
d. no desire to get better.
ANSWER: a
96. One reason that DID can be misdiagnosed as psychosis is that

a. auditory hallucinations are common in both disorders.
b. both disorders are in the same DSM-IV category.
c. mental health professionals generally do not believe that dissociation is possible.
d. substance abuse makes it difficult to differentiate these disorders.
ANSWER: a
97. The common feature in almost every case of DID is

a. hallucinations and delusions.
b. unrelenting substance abuse.
c. a history of body dysmorphic disorder.
d. a history of severe child abuse.
ANSWER: d
98. The causes of dissociative identity disorder appear to be .

a. physical abuse
b. sexual abuse
c. witness to a traumatic event
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d. all of these
ANSWER: d
99. A comparison of dissociative reactions in "normals" and in DID patients indicates that the experience of dissociation
is _____________in normal versus DID patients.
a. very different
b. very similar
c. identical
d. so different as to have no similarities at all
ANSWER: a
100. Some theorists suggest that dissociative identity disorder is an extreme subtype of .
a. dissociative amnesia
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. posttraumatic stress disorder
d. antisocial personality disorder
ANSWER: c
101. According to the autohypnotic model, people who are suggestible may be
a. able to create false memories to ease their trauma.
b. able to use dissociation as a defense against extreme trauma.
c. able to remember the trauma that created the false memories.
d. unable to switch at will.
ANSWER: b
102. Which of the following statements is TRUE about DID?

a. DID is easy to fake.
b. DID is absolutely impossible to fake.
c. Dissociative symptoms may be the result of sleep deprivation.
d. DID is made up of false memories.
ANSWER: c
103. Studies suggest that false memories are .

a. difficult to create
b. easily created in children
c. unrelated to suggestions
d. very rare
ANSWER: b
104. There is now incontrovertible evidence that the following statement is TRUEwith respect to the accuracy of
recovered memories:
a. False memories can be created, and selective dissociative amnesia can occur for early traumatic experiences.
b. False memories can be created, but there is no evidence of selective dissociative amnesia for early traumatic
experiences.
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 06
c. False memories cannot be created, and individuals do not develop selective dissociative amnesia for early
trauma.
d. False memories cannot be created, but there is evidence that individuals do develop selective dissociative
amnesia for early trauma
ANSWER: a
105. In studies conducted by Elizabeth Loftus and her colleagues (Loftus, 2003; Loftus, Coan, and Pickrell, 1996),
individuals were told about false events that had supposedly occurred when they were children. The results of this study
indicated that
a. people cannot be convinced of events that did not happen.
b. people can become quite convinced of events that never happened.
c. only individuals with diagnosable disorders can be convinced of events that never happened.
d. people can become convinced of events that did not happen only during hypnosis or other dissociative states.
ANSWER: b
106. While interviewing 129 women with documented histories of childhood sexual abuse, Willams (1994) found with
extensive questioning that
a. every woman remembered minute details of the abuse.
b. almost none of the women recalled the abuse.
c. 38% of the women did not recall the abuse.
d. 75% of the women did not recall the abuse.
ANSWER: c
107. Goodman et al. (2003) interviewed 175 individuals with documented child abuse histories and found that ______ of
the subjects remembered and reported the abuse.
a. 25%
b. 53%
c. 81%
d. 100%
ANSWER: c
108. The part of the treatment plan for DID that is similar to the treatment plan for posttraumatic stress disorder is
a. integration of personality fragments.
b. use of antipsychotic medications.
c. reliving the trauma (catharsis).
d. hypnotic regression to early life experiences.
ANSWER: c
Subjective Short Answer
109. Describe the factors that contribute to anxiety, focusing on physical sensations and illness in illness anxiety disorder.
ANSWER: Illness anxiety disorder is characterized by severe anxiety about the possibility of having a serious disease,
which is not eliminated by medical reassurance that the person is healthy.
Individuals who develop illness anxiety disorder may have learned to focus on their anxiety of specific
physical conditions from family members. Also, illness anxiety disorder seems to develop in the context of a
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 06
stressful event. People who develop illness anxiety disorder tend to have had a disproportionate incidence of
disease in their family when they were children.
People who come from families where illness is a major issue seem to learn that an ill person often gets a lot
of attention. The benefits of being sick might contribute to development of the disorder.
110. Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with Somatic Symptom Disorder. Why do you think that this is the
case?
ANSWER: Many health messages are targeted directly to women themselves or to women who are the assumed
overseers of health for the family. Women may be disproportionally exposed to worrisome health messages.
Women are also more likely to report anxiety, which is central in the development of Somatic Symptom
Disorder. Finally, it may be more socially acceptable for women to complain about symptoms of illness and
can provide a source of socially appropriate attention for them.
111. Apply the Integrative Model of Causes of Hypochondriasis to partially explain the sharp increase in mammograms in
Breast Cancer Awareness Month.
ANSWER: Answers will vary but must include information and/or a figure like that in 6.1. For “triggers,” students may
report that women are disproportionally likely to have breast cancer. For example, in the month of October,
much media attention will be focused on breast cancer awareness. For some women, this can lead to
apprehension and increased focus on the body, etc. Normal variations in breast tissue can sometimes be
mistaken for cancerous lumps.
112. How might medical doctors help alleviate dissociative disorders in their patients in their normal course of duty?
ANSWER: The text and several studies (described on page 188) show that doctors can be key allies for patients with
Somatic Symptom Disorder. Spending time reassuring patients and providing education for them about
normal bodily function is key. Doctors can provide detailed information about any illness that they may have
and this could reduce the anxiety surrounding their symptoms. One difficulty with this is that in the age of
managed care, doctors may not have the time to provide this extra reassurance with the patient. Open
dialogue between the patient and health care provider regarding Somatic Symptom Disorder will increase the
possibility of this avenue of treatment.
113. Describe one normal dissociative experience. How would you differentiate this from a Dissociative Disorder?
ANSWER: Some dissociation is normal, particularly when someone is experiencing an impactful physiological situation
such as extreme fatigue, hunger, cold, etc. One example is feeling in a “fog” after skipping breakfast and
lunch. Dissociative Identity Disorders (DID) are characterized as persistent depersonalization or de-
realization where reality testing remains intact. DID is also associated with clinically significant distress or
impairment that cannot otherwise be explained by the physiological situation or substance use.
114. Describe a common treatment for dissociative disorders which are linked to a traumatic event.
ANSWER: Treatment of dissociative disorders can involve helping the patient build better coping skills before re-
experiencing the traumatic event in a controlled matter. Therapy is often long-term and requires great trust
between the therapist and patient.
115. Describe how conversion reactions, real physical disorders, and outright malingering can be differentiated.
ANSWER: It turns out that indifference to symptoms is not a reliable distinguishing factor, and it can be difficult to tell
these conditions apart. However, conversion symptoms are often precipitated by stress, although the person
is not aware of his/her own inabilities. Malingerers may also have clear goals or benefits behind their actions,
while physical illness may be a significant stressor to people who are truly ill.

Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 06
116. Compare and contrast depersonalization-derealization disorder and dissociative amnesia.
ANSWER: Depersonalization-derealization disorder is characterized by severe feelings of unreality.
Individuals with the disorder tend to have deficits in attention, short-term memory, and spatial reasoning.
Dissociative amnesia involves the inability of individuals to remember details from their own life, which can
be generalized or localized in relation to a specific, usually traumatic, event. Although both may be triggered
by trauma, people with depersonalization are aware of their own personal history and details.
117. Discuss the controversy surrounding false memories.

ANSWER: A controversial issue in abnormal psychology involves the extent to which memories of early trauma,
particularly sexual abuse, is really accurate or not. Some argue that these memories are simply the result of
strong suggestions by therapists, others believe they reflect memories that were repressed and must be re-
experienced to relieve suffering. It turns out memory can be altered through suggestion, therefore the use of
recovered memories legally has been especially problematic. Children in particular may be affected by how
questions about past events are phrased. Further research is required to resolve these issues.
Essay
118. Describe the factors that contribute to anxiety, focusing on physical sensations and illness in illness anxiety disorder.
ANSWER: Illness anxiety disorder is characterized by severe anxiety about the possibility of having a serious disease,
which is not eliminated by medical reassurance that the person is healthy.
Individuals who develop illness anxiety disorder may have learned to focus on their anxiety of specific
physical conditions from family members. Also, illness anxiety disorder seems to develop in the context of a
stressful event. People who develop illness anxiety disorder tend to have had a disproportionate incidence of
disease in their family when they were children.
People who come from families where illness is a major issue seem to learn that an ill person often gets a lot
of attention. The benefits of being sick might contribute to development of the disorder.
119. Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with Somatic Symptom Disorder. Why do you think that this is the
case?
ANSWER: Many health messages are targeted directly to women themselves or to women who are the assumed
overseers of health for the family. Women may be disproportionally exposed to worrisome health messages.
Women are also more likely to report anxiety, which is central in the development of Somatic Symptom
Disorder. Finally, it may be more socially acceptable for women to complain about symptoms of illness and
can provide a source of socially appropriate attention for them.
120. Apply the Integrative Model of Causes of Hypochondriasis to partially explain the sharp increase in mammograms in
Breast Cancer Awareness Month.
ANSWER: Answers will vary but must include information and/or a figure like that in 6.1. For “triggers,” students may
report that women are disproportionally likely to have breast cancer. For example, in the month of October,
much media attention will be focused on breast cancer awareness. For some women, this can lead to
apprehension and increased focus on the body, etc. Normal variations in breast tissue can sometimes be
mistaken for cancerous lumps.
121. How might medical doctors help alleviate dissociative disorders in their patients in their normal course of duty?
ANSWER: The text and several studies (described on page 188) show that doctors can be key allies for patients with
Somatic Symptom Disorder. Spending time reassuring patients and providing education for them about
normal bodily function is key. Doctors can provide detailed information about any illness that they may have
and this could reduce the anxiety surrounding their symptoms. One difficulty with this is that in the age of
Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach 8th Edition Barlow
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 06
managed care, doctors may not have the time to provide this extra reassurance with the patient. Open
dialogue between the patient and health care provider regarding Somatic Symptom Disorder will increase the
possibility of this avenue of treatment.
122. Describe one normal dissociative experience. How would you differentiate this from a Dissociative Disorder?
ANSWER: Some dissociation is normal, particularly when someone is experiencing an impactful physiological situation
such as extreme fatigue, hunger, cold, etc. One example is feeling in a “fog” after skipping breakfast and
lunch. Dissociative Identity Disorders (DID) are characterized as persistent depersonalization or de-
realization where reality testing remains intact. DID is also associated with clinically significant distress or
impairment that cannot otherwise be explained by the physiological situation or substance use.
123. Describe a common treatment for dissociative disorders which are linked to a traumatic event.
ANSWER: Treatment of dissociative disorders can involve helping the patient build better coping skills before re-
experiencing the traumatic event in a controlled matter. Therapy is often long-term and requires great trust
between the therapist and patient.
124. Describe how conversion reactions, real physical disorders, and outright malingering can be differentiated.
ANSWER: It turns out that indifference to symptoms is not a reliable distinguishing factor, and it can be difficult to tell
these conditions apart. However, conversion symptoms are often precipitated by stress, although the person
is not aware of his/her own inabilities. Malingerers may also have clear goals or benefits behind their actions,
while physical illness may be a significant stressor to people who are truly ill.
125. Compare and contrast depersonalization-derealization disorder and dissociative amnesia.

ANSWER: Depersonalization-derealization disorder is characterized by severe feelings of unreality.
Individuals with the disorder tend to have deficits in attention, short-term memory, and spatial reasoning.
Dissociative amnesia involves the inability of individuals to remember details from their own life, which can
be generalized or localized in relation to a specific, usually traumatic, event. Although both may be triggered
by trauma, people with depersonalization are aware of their own personal history and details.
126. Discuss the controversy surrounding false memories.

ANSWER: A controversial issue in abnormal psychology involves the extent to which memories of early trauma,
particularly sexual abuse, is really accurate or not. Some argue that these memories are simply the result of
strong suggestions by therapists, others believe they reflect memories that were repressed and must be re-
experienced to relieve suffering. It turns out memory can be altered through suggestion, therefore the use of
recovered memories legally has been especially problematic. Children in particular may be affected by how
questions about past events are phrased. Further research is required to resolve these issues.
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2. The common aspect of all somatic symptom disorders is a maladaptive or excessive

6. According to psychological theory, neuroses stem from

7. Illness anxiety disorder exists when

8. An essential element of illness anxiety disorder is .

11. Illness anxiety disorder was formerly known as:

12. Clients with illness anxiety disorder are likely to

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2

c. soon reject assurances that they are healthy.

16. Minor, physical complaints are common among .

17. With regard to a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder, women are

a. poor modeling by parents and other authority figures.

37. Conversion disorder patients were conceptualized by Freud as

38. Conversion disorder symptoms generally appear .

40. In regard to diagnosing a patient's symptoms as a conversion disorder, it is

disorder, and symptoms caused by conversion disorder.

41. Which of the following statements is TRUE about factitious disorders?

43. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy is:

44. Factitious disorder imposed on another is often characterized by

49. Which of the following statements is TRUE about conversion disorders?

51. The modern view of the causes of conversion disorder is

54. In treating conversion disorder, which of the following statements is true?

55. The experience of dissociation occurs in

56. Depersonalization is defined as

59. Individuals with depersonalization show

60. Losing your own sense of reality is called .

61. The diagnosis of depersonalization-derealization disorder is

62. In dissociative amnesia, the individual typically has no memory of

63. In dissociative fugue, the term fugue relates to .

64. Patients diagnosed with dissociative amnesia with a dissociative fugue

65. During a dissociative fugue state, it is not uncommon for individuals to

67. A distinctive dissociative state that is not found in Western cultures is .

68. Dissociative trance disorder is diagnosed

69. In non-Western cultures, trance and possession are

d. the rarest forms of dissociative disorders.

72. The host identity usually:

76. In dissociative identity disorder, the "host" personality usually

77. The existence of a cross-gendered alter in dissociative identity disorder is .

86. Dissociative identity disorder tends to be associated with .

88. Individuals with dissociative identity disorder generally

91. Dissociative identity disorder is most commonly found in .

93. Without treatment, it is expected that DID will last ___________________.

96. One reason that DID can be misdiagnosed as psychosis is that

97. The common feature in almost every case of DID is

98. The causes of dissociative identity disorder appear to be .

102. Which of the following statements is TRUE about DID?

103. Studies suggest that false memories are .

Subjective Short Answer

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 20

117. Discuss the controversy surrounding false memories.

Name: Class: Date:

125. Compare and contrast depersonalization-derealization disorder and dissociative amnesia.

126. Discuss the controversy surrounding false memories.

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