Test Bank For Biology Now Second Edition Second Edition

Test Bank for Biology Now (Second Edition) Second Edition
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Chapter 06: Cell Division
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following pairs of processes encompasses the entire cell cycle?
a. G1 phase and mitosis
b. G1 phase and G2 phase
c. interphase and metaphase
d. cell division and interphase
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
OBJ: 6.1 Label a figure of the major stages of the cell cycle, and explain the processes that occur
during each of these stages. MSC: Remembering
2. A pool of cells is treated with a chemical that halts progress through the cell cycle. In which stage of
the cell cycle would most cells be found?
a. metaphase c. anaphase
b. interphase d. cytokinesis
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
during each of these stages. MSC: Applying
3. The G0 phase of the cell cycle is distinguished by

a. the failure of cells to divide following telophase.
b. a doubling of chromosomes.
c. an absence of preparation for DNA synthesis.
d. the appearance of a metaphase plate.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
4. According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle is the genetic material duplicated?
a. Region 1 c. Region 4
b. Region 3 d. Region 5
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
during each of these stages. MSC: Understanding
5. According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle does the cell increase in size in
preparation for division?
6. According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle is the genetic material evenly
partitioned between daughter cells?
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
7. What are the stages of interphase?

a. G0, G1, and G2 c. G0, G1, and S
b. S1, S2, and G0 d. S, G1, and G2
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
8. Which of the following statements about cell division is correct?

a. It is the process by which organisms grow and maintain their tissues.
b. It is no longer necessary once an organism reaches maturity.
c. It occurs in two sequential stages in all cells: mitosis and meiosis.
d. It is the process by which fertilization occurs.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
OBJ: 6.2 Compare and contrast cell division by binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis.
MSC: Remembering
9. The outcome of meiosis is the

a. creation of genetically identical offspring.
b. protection of cells from cancer.
c. production of eggs and sperm.
d. regulation of the progression through the cell cycle.
MSC: Remembering
10. The process of cell division is different for prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells because
a. prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule.
b. prokaryotic cells do not undergo cell division.
c. prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
d. prokaryotic DNA contains different bases from those in eukaryotic DNA.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
MSC: Remembering
11. The processes of mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission all

a. generate haploid gametes.
b. occur in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
c. are used to produce daughter cells.
d. generate clones.
MSC: Analyzing
12. A researcher is recording the process of bacteria cell division using time-lapse microscopy. Which of
the following processes would she be observing?
a. meiosis
b. mitosis
c. binary fission
d. She may be observing either meiosis or mitosis, depending on the growth conditions.
MSC: Analyzing
13. Which of the following is associated with mitosis?

a. independent assortment
b. maintenance of chromosome number
c. crossing over
d. reductional division
MSC: Understanding
14. Some daughter cells are described as clones. For this description to be appropriate, the daughter cells
must
a. show the same differentiation characteristics as the parent cell.
b. separate from one another and experience an independent existence.
c. contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell.
d. have been produced by meiotic cell division.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
MSC: Applying
15. Which of the following differentiates meiosis from mitosis?

a. Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual
reproduction.
b. In mitosis four identical daughter cells are produced, whereas two genetically different
cells are produced in meiosis.
c. Meiosis is a form of asexual division, whereas mitosis is a form of sexual division.
d. Mitosis occurs in prokaryotic cells, whereas meiosis occurs in eukaryotic cells.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
MSC: Remembering
16. Which of the following is a difference between binary fission and mitosis?
a. replication of the genetic material
b. breakdown of the nuclear envelope
c. cell growth and expansion
d. increase in cytoplasmic factors
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
MSC: Understanding
17. The process shown in the figure below could produce two ________ cells.
a. identical skin c. cloned red blood
b. genetically unique sperm d. identical prokaryotic
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
MSC: Understanding
18. The process of mitosis is thought to have evolved from binary fission. What similarities exist between
these processes?
a. The DNA being separated is attached to a membrane during both processes.
b. Both processes involve the separation of more than one piece of DNA.
c. Both processes include DNA segregation.
d. Both processes occur in bacterial cells.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
MSC: Understanding
19. The circle near the center of the replicated chromosome below represents a
a. chromatid. c. centriole.
b. centromere. d. homologous chromosome.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
OBJ: 6.3 Distinguish between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes.
MSC: Understanding
20. A replicated chromosome consists of ________ sister chromatid(s).

a. 1 c. 4
b. 2 d. 6
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
MSC: Understanding
21. The chromosomes in a homologous pair

a. both came from the organism’s mother.
b. both came from the organism’s father.
c. do not join during meiosis.
d. carry the same genes.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
MSC: Remembering
22. Which term is best associated with a synapsed pair of homologous chromosomes?
a. a pair of sister chromatids attached at the centromere
b. unpackaged DNA
c. a tetrad
d. the mitotic spindle
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
MSC: Understanding
23. Homologous chromosomes

a. are only found in bacterial cells.
b. are only in the cell during S phase.
c. consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome.
d. consist of six sister chromatids that are held together at the centrosome.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
MSC: Remembering
24. An actively dividing cell has six chromosomes. How many sister chromatids are present within this
cell at the end of G2 phase?
a. 0 c. 6
b. 3 d. 12
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
MSC: Applying
25. Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the ________ portion of cell division.
a. metaphase c. interphase
b. anaphase d. telophase
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
OBJ: 6.4 List the steps in mitosis and in meiosis in chronological order.
MSC: Remembering
26. When examining the rapidly dividing cells of a fish embryo, a researcher notices a cell that seems to
contain two nuclei. The middle of the cell is pinched inward. This cell must be in ________ of mitosis.
a. prophase c. metaphase
b. telophase d. anaphase
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
MSC: Applying
27. Which of the following would promote a cell to move through the G2 checkpoint?
a. The cell lacks necessary nutrients.
b. The genetic information has been duplicated.
c. The cell is too small in size.
d. A chromosome has been damaged.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad
OBJ: 6.5 Explain the importance of the checkpoints in the cell cycle and the consequences of
bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Remembering | Understanding
28. Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a cell’s progression through the cell cycle?
a. gametes c. hormones
b. cell cycle regulatory molecules d. growth factors
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad
bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Remembering
29. Cells that demonstrate anchorage independence

a. exist in G0.
b. are primed to become metastatic.
c. closely monitor their progression through the cell cycle.
d. are benign tumors that are of little concern.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad
bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Understanding
30. Cancers are groups of cells that divide rapidly and uncontrollably. Thus, cancer cells
a. are always in the G0 phase.
b. never enter the cell cycle.
c. have a relatively short G1 phase.
d. are stuck at the metaphase plate.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad
bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Applying
31. Which of the following predicts a likely outcome of bypassing the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle?
a. Damaged DNA would be immediately replicated and passed on to the two daughter cells,
giving rise to helpful, new alleles.
b. Incompletely replicated DNA may be passed to the two daughter cells; these cells could be
lacking specific genes or chromosomes and would likely not survive.
c. The cell cycle would pause if cell size or nutrient supply is inadequate, DNA is damaged,
or DNA replication is incomplete.
d. The cell cycle would simply skip mitosis and go directly to G1 to start over.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad
bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Applying | Analyzing
32. Anna Soto and Carlos Sonnenschein found evidence that nonylphenol interferes with the G0 and G1
checkpoints in the cell cycle of human breast cells. A possible unfortunate consequence of bypassing
checkpoint G0 or G1 is that the cell
a. may begin to replicate DNA before it is ready or allow damaged DNA to be replicated and
then continue dividing inappropriately. If unchecked, this cell division could continue to
form a potentially cancerous tumor.
b. will immediately enter into mitosis without replicating its DNA during S phase. The cell
will not be able to survive because it will have too few chromosomes.
c. will complete mitotic separation of its replicated DNA but will not complete cytokinesis.
d. life cycle will stop before DNA replication and separation can occur. This dead cell will
become a potentially cancerous tumor.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult
REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer | 6.2 Trade Secret | 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad
bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Applying | Analyzing
33. Which of the following cell types is produced by meiosis?

a. skin c. pancreatic
b. muscle d. sperm
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
MSC: Applying
34. During meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced to haploid by separating

a. each sister chromatid into two different daughter cells.
b. one of each homologous chromosome pair into two different daughter cells.
c. each sister chromatid into four different daughter cells.
d. one of each homologous chromosome pair into four different daughter cells.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
MSC: Remembering | Understanding
35. When a germ cell has completed both rounds of meiosis, cells are created which are
a. diploid, and each sister chromatid is in one of two different daughter cells.
b. diploid, and one of each homologous chromosome pair is in one of two different daughter
cells.
c. haploid, and each sister chromatid is in one of four different daughter cells.
d. haploid, and each sister chromatid is in one of four different daughter cells.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
36. Patricia Hunt determined that bisphenol A (BPA) was hindering the process of meiosis in the ovaries
of the mice in her experiment. BPA disrupted the ability of the chromosomes to separate into four
haploid cells. Which of the following statements describes possible outcome(s) of this disruption?
a. All four resulting cells will have exactly half the number of chromosomes found in the
mother cell.
b. Three of the resulting cells will have exactly half the number of chromosomes found in the
mother cell. The fourth cell will have double the chromosome number found in the mother
cell.
c. Two of the resulting cells will have exactly half the number of chromosomes found in the
mother cell. The other two cells will have exactly triple the chromosome number found in
the mother cell.
d. Two of the resulting cells may have exactly half the chromosome number of the mother
cell. One cell may have half the chromosome number of the mother cell plus one or more
extra chromosomes, while the remaining cell would have less than half the number of
chromosomes found in the mother cell.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
MSC: Applying | Analyzing
37. The successful union of one male and one female gamete forms a new single cell known as a
a. chromatid. c. zygote.
b. spindle. d. gametocyte.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
OBJ: 6.6 Identify the ways in which meiosis and fertilization together produce genetically diverse
offspring. MSC: Remembering
38. Which of the following foods is MOST likely to contain haploid cells?
a. a sirloin steak c. a stalk of celery
b. an apple d. an egg
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
offspring. MSC: Applying
39. If a plant has a total of 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each of its
gametes?
a. 36 c. 9
b. 18 d. 6
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
40. Gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis because

a. mitosis would produce too many sister cells.
b. meiosis reduces the chromosome number so that zygotes produced will have one full
genome.
c. meiosis doubles the chromosome number so that each gamete has twice the usual number
of genes.
d. meiosis ensures that the gametes are identical to the cell that produced them.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
offspring. MSC: Understanding
41. If crossing-over does not occur and homologous chromosome pairs are not independently assorted
during meiosis I, resulting in all maternal chromosomes sorted to one cell while all paternal
chromosomes are sorted to another cell, what would be the genetic results in the gametes produced at
the end of meiosis II?
a. Twenty-five percent of the gametes would contain only maternal DNA and 75% of the
gametes would contain only paternal DNA.
b. Seventy-five percent of the gametes would contain only maternal DNA and 25% of the
gametes would contain only paternal DNA.
c. Fifty percent of the gametes would contain only maternal DNA and 50% of the gametes
would contain only paternal DNA.
d. All gametes would contain equal amounts of maternal and paternal DNA.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA
42. All of the following contribute to genetic uniqueness EXCEPT
a. binary fission. c. crossing over.
b. independent assortment. d. random fertilization.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA
43. Which two processes work in conjunction to create genetic diversity and maintain chromosome
number?
a. mitosis and meiosis
b. meiosis and independent assortment
c. binary fission and mitosis
d. fertilization and meiosis
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA
44. The possible combinations of alleles in gametes ________ due to independent assortment and crossing
over.
a. increases
b. decreases
c. stays the same
d. increases or decreases depending on the cell type
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA
45. Which of the following examples accurately describes crossing over?

a. Sister chromatids of maternal chromosome 1 exchange segments of genetic information
with one another.
b. Maternal chromosome 3 exchanges segments of DNA with paternal chromosome 21.
c. Sister chromatids of paternal chromosome 1 exchange segments of genetic information
with one another.
d. Paternal chromosome 7 exchanges segments of DNA with maternal chromosome 7.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA
46. In genetic engineering, molecular biologists often combine segments of DNA from two separate
organisms. This is an example of genetic recombination that occurs in a laboratory setting. Which of
the following is a form of genetic recombination that occurs naturally within cells?
a. mitosis c. crossing over
b. independent assortment d. asexual reproduction
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA
47. What is the significance of crossing over?

a. Two copies of the same chromosome can become part of the same gamete.
b. The resulting gametes will have novel gene combinations compared to their parent cells’
gene combinations.
c. The bivalent chromosomes can exchange genetic material with other pairs of
chromosomes.
d. The gametes that are produced will have twice as many chromosomes as the parent cells
had.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA
48. Which of the following is known to result from the disruption of mitosis and meiosis?
a. Alzheimer’s disease c. autism
b. prostate cancer d. heart disease
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 6.6 Ten Years Later
49. A scientist wishing to generate cancerous cells in vitro could subject the cells to which of the
following procedures?
a. immerse the cells in water for extended periods of time
b. starve the cells of nutrients
c. expose cells to chemicals that disrupt mitosis
d. overfeed the cells by frequently feeding them
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 6.6 Ten Years Later
50. Model organisms (like mice) used in the study of genetic disease
a. are selected strictly for ethical reasons.
b. cannot be trusted since they are very different from human cells.
c. should either be mice or bacteria.
d. may accurately reflect how diseases like cancer occur in humans.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 6.6 Ten Years Later
51. Which of the following statements is supported by the infographic shown below?
a. Though there is more than double the chance of a female getting breast cancer, it is more
likely that a female who has lung and bronchus cancer would die from her disease. Males
are almost three times more likely to die from having lung and bronchus cancer than from
having prostate cancer.
b. A female is twice as likely to die from thyroid cancer than from uterine cancer.
c. A male is three times more likely to die from non-Hodgkin lymphoma than from having
esophageal cancer.
d. Both males and females are four times more likely to die of leukemia than from having
pancreatic cancer.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Chapter 6 Infographic
bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Understanding | Applying
COMPLETION
1. The last stage in the cell cycle is ________; this consists of ________, which separates the replicated
DNA, and ________, which divides and portions the contents of the cell into two new daughter cells.
ANS: cell division; mitosis; cytokinesis
DIF: Moderate REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

during each of these stages. MSC: Remembering | Understanding
2. Cells spend the bulk of their time in the ________ stage of the cell cycle.
ANS: interphase
DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

3. Binary fission is the form of asexual reproduction that mainly occurs in ________ cells.
ANS:
bacterial
prokaryotic

MSC: Remembering
4. Sister chromatids are held together at a constriction point called a ________.
ANS: centromere

MSC: Remembering
5. Chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes form during the ________ portion of mitosis.
ANS: telophase
DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Trade Secret

MSC: Remembering
6. In order to increase their supply of nutrients, tumors undergo ________, the formation of new blood
vessels.
ANS: angiogenesis
DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad

7. When tumor cells become anchorage independent and begin to invade other tissues, they are
considered to be transformed into cancer cells, also known as ________.
ANS: malignant cells
DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad

8. Per somatic nucleus, humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs of________ ; half of each
came from the mother and half from the father.
ANS: homologous chromosomes
DIF: Easy REF: 6.4 Unequal Division

9. When everything proceeds without error, the process of ________ produces ________ daughter cells
that are genetically identical to the mother cell, while the process of ________ produces ________
daughter cells that have half the genetic information present in the mother cell.
ANS: mitosis; two; meiosis; four
DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Trade Secret | 6.4 Unequal Division

10. The random distribution of the homologous chromosomes into daughter cells during ________ results
in ________ of chromosomes into gametes.
ANS: meiosis I; independent assortment
DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA

MSC: Remembering
11. The result of ________ is to increase genetic diversity by creating a new diploid individual from
haploid cells.
ANS: fertilization

12. Crossing-over produces chromosomes with new combinations of DNA; this is followed by
independent assortment of ________ chromosomes to generate even more genetic diversity among
gametes.
ANS: homologous

13. The number-one cancer responsible for deaths is ________; it is followed by ________ in females and
________ in males.
ANS: lung and bronchus cancer; breast cancer; prostate cancer
DIF: Easy REF: Chapter 6 Infographic

bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Remembering | Understanding
SHORT ANSWER
1. Diagram the major events of the cell cycle. Describe the processes that occur during each of these
major stages.
ANS:
Students should draw a circular picture and indicate G1-S-G2-M at intervals around the circle. At G1,
the cells grow and increase in size. During S phase, cells duplicate the genetic material. During G2
phase, the cells are growing in preparation for cell division. The chromosomes are separated in a
characteristic manner during mitosis.

2. Describe the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Provide an example of what type of cell would enter the G0
stage and propose why this cell would enter the G0 phase.
ANS:
The G0 of the cell cycle is a nondividing state that can last for a few days or through the lifetime of the
organism. An example would be nerve cells. Nerve cells must be long enough to accommodate the
size of the organism and remain stable throughout the life of the organism, so once they are formed
and “full grown” there is probably no need for them to replicate unless there is an injury.
DIF: Difficult REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

during each of these stages. MSC: Applying | Analyzing | Evaluating
3. Consider mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission. Which one of these three processes is the simplest for a
cell to complete? Explain.
ANS:
Binary fission is the most efficient process that the cells may carry out. Prokaryotic cells typically use
this method of division. Since bacterial cells typically have only a single chromosome and they lack a
nuclear envelope, binary fission is a less complex process.

MSC: Understanding
4. What is the purpose of having cell cycle checkpoints? What are the consequences of not having them?
ANS:
Cell cycle checkpoints ensure that cells are ready to progress to the next stage of the cell cycle. Cell
cycle regulatory proteins mediate the checkpoints. They prevent cells from progressing inappropriately
or too quickly through the cell cycle phases. One consequence of uncontrolled progression through the
cell cycle is cancer. Cancerous cells may self-signal in the absence of growth factors and hormones.
Such signal promotes unnecessary and harmful cell growth.

5. A cell has completed S phase and is preparing to divide via mitosis. How is the genetic material
arranged in G2 phase?
ANS:
During S phase the uncondensed chromosomes (chromatin) duplicate, and now there are replicated
chromosomes present in the nucleus. The replicated chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids that
are held together at a narrowing called the centromere. Early in mitosis the chromatin condenses and
tightens into highly compacted chromosomes.
DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret

MSC: Understanding
6. Describe the two structures seen below. When would they most likely be present in the cell cycle?
ANS:
The structure on the left is a single uncoiled strand of chromosome that would most likely be present
during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The structure on the right is a duplicated, uncoiled chromosome
consisting of two sister chromatids held together at the centromere; this would most likely be present
during the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret

during each of these stages. | 6.3 Distinguish between sister chromatids and homologous
chromosomes. MSC: Understanding
7. What would happen to a cell if the cell cycle regulatory proteins overregulated in G1 even in the
absence of any DNA damage and with plenty of nutrients available? Could this phenomenon possibly
be used to treat cancer? Explain.
ANS:
The cell would be unable to begin S (synthesis) phase. Without entering S phase, the cell will not
duplicate its DNA and will not be able to complete the cell cycle; cell death would result. If you could
determine a way to stimulate the cell cycle regulatory proteins in cancer cells, you might be able to use
them to stop the cancer cells from reproducing.
DIF: Difficult REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad

bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Applying | Analyzing | Evaluating
8. A cell containing 56 chromosomes is undergoing meiosis. Explain how chromosome number changes
as the cells proceed through meiosis.
ANS:
A cell whose diploid chromosome number is 56 will contain 28 chromosomes at the conclusion of
meiosis. The goal of the first round of meiosis, meiosis I, is to make the cells haploid. This happens
because cells no longer carry both a maternal and a paternal copy of each chromosome. At the
conclusion of telophase I, the nuclei of cells become haploid.
DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division

MSC: Understanding
9. Which processes associated with meiosis ensure genetic diversity in offspring? Name two processes
that promote variation and explain how they operate.
ANS:
There are three processes that allow for genetic variation in the production of offspring. Crossing over
between nonsister chromatids of a tetrad exchanges segments of DNA between maternal and paternal
homologs. Independent assortment shuffles different combinations of maternal and paternal
chromosomes into gametes. A unique egg may then be randomly fertilized with a unique sperm cell.

10. If cells with two pairs of homologous chromosomes can generally produce four kinds of gametes, what
happens to the genetic variety of the gametes if an unspecified number of crossing-over events
between homologous chromosomes occur during meiosis I?
ANS:
The higher the number of crossing-over events between homologous chromosomes, the greater the
genetic variation in the gametes, especially if the chromosomes in the gametes are compared to the
mother cell chromosomes. The crossing-over events just add an additional layer of genetic variation to
the recombination achieved by independent assortment of homologous chromosomes.
DIF: Moderate REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA

offspring. MSC: Applying | Analyzing
11. Explain which of the three cell division processes (mitosis, meiosis, binary fission) is most complex
and summarize why it is necessary to promote genetic diversity and maintain a constant chromosome
number in organisms.
ANS:
Meiosis is the most complex of the three processes. Not only is there more than one division of the
genetic material but the amount of genetic material is systematically reduced by half and four daughter
cells are produced instead of two. This is important to sexually reproducing organisms because it
provides haploid gametes that can join with another haploid gamete to form a viable diploid zygote.
Additionally, the opportunity for crossing over (an exchange of material between homologous
chromosomes) during meiosis provides for additional, random variations in the genes assorted into the
daughter cells; this increases the genetic variation in the offspring.
DIF: Difficult REF: 6.4 Unequal Division | 6.5 Shuffling the DNA
MSC: Analyzing | Evaluating
12. Design an experiment testing the hypothesis that increased exposure of a sexually reproducing
population to BPA will result in an increase in the number of offspring who have an extra chromosome
or who are missing one of their chromosomes. Use the following materials and abilities: BPA, a
placebo, 1,500 lab mice, and the ability to extract gametes from the mice and examine their
chromosome number. Indicate in which phase of meiosis the error is most likely to occur.
ANS:
The mice will be divided into three groups of 500 mice each. The first group will be the control group
who will not receive any treatment. The second group will be the placebo group exposed to an inert
placebo. The third group will be the experimental group exposed to a specific level of BPA. All three
groups will be cared for and monitored for the same length of time. Gametes extracted from all three
groups of mice will be examined to determine the chromosome numbers in the gametes. Abnormalities
will be recorded and compared across the groups to determine if the BPA group showed an increased
rate of missing chromosomes. The experiment could be repeated with a fresh set of mice and various
doses of BPA to determine if the result is dose dependent. An error in meiosis I is the most likely place
for the error to occur because that is when the homologous chromosomes are supposed to separate.
DIF: Difficult REF: 6.4 Unequal Division | 6.5 Shuffling the DNA
OBJ: 6.4 List the steps in mitosis and in meiosis in chronological order. | 6.5 Explain the importance
of the checkpoints in the cell cycle and the consequences of bypassing those checkpoints.
MSC: Analyzing | Evaluating
13. Compare and contrast the incidence rate per 100,000 individuals versus deaths per 100,000 individuals
for breast cancer in females and for prostate cancer in males presented in the infographic below. What
does this suggest about the survivability of breast cancer and prostate cancer?
ANS:
The incidence rate per 100,000 individuals of prostate cancer is 101.6, while the death rate is only
19.2; roughly 81 percent of the individuals who get prostate cancer survive the experience. The
incidence rate per 100,000 of female breast cancer is 123.7, while the death rate is only 20.7; roughly
71 percent of the individuals who get female breast cancer survive the experience. The good news is
that for either of these cancers, you are far more likely to survive it than you are to succumb to it!
DIF: Difficult REF: Chapter 6 Infographic

bypassing those checkpoints. MSC: Analyzing | Evaluating
MATCHING
Match the stage of the cell cycle with the appropriate description.
a. Duplicated chromosomes are separated during this phase.
b. Cells prepare to divide and check that the proper steps have occurred for division.
c. phase in which cells duplicate the genetic material
d. resting stage assumed by cells that exit the cell cycle
e. Two new daughter cells grow in preparation for division.
1. G0 phase
2. G1 phase
3. G2 phase
4. M phase
5. S phase
1. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

2. ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
3. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
4. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
5. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer
Match the event or stage of mitosis with the appropriate description.

a. prophase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase
d. telophase
e. cytokinesis
6. Replicated chromosomes condense and attach to the mitotic spindle.
7. The entire cell physically divides into two daughter cells.
8. The sister chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes that begin to move toward the
poles of the cell.
9. The mitotic spindle aligns the replicated chromosomes at the center of the cell.
10. As new chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear envelopes re-form, and the chromatin decondenses.
6. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret

7. ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
8. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
9. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
10. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret
Match the event or stage of meiosis with the appropriate drawing.

a. prophase I
b. metaphase I
c. anaphase I
d. telophase I and cytokinesis I
e. prophase II
f. metaphase II
g. anaphase II
h. telophase II and cytokinesis II
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Test Bank for Biology Now (Second Edition) Second Edition
11. ANS: H DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division

12. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
13. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
14. ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
15. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
16. ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
17. ANS: G DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
18. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division
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3. The G0 phase of the cell cycle is distinguished by

7. What are the stages of interphase?

8. Which of the following statements about cell division is correct?

9. The outcome of meiosis is the

11. The processes of mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission all

13. Which of the following is associated with mitosis?

15. Which of the following differentiates meiosis from mitosis?

20. A replicated chromosome consists of ________ sister chromatid(s).

21. The chromosomes in a homologous pair

23. Homologous chromosomes

29. Cells that demonstrate anchorage independence

33. Which of the following cell types is produced by meiosis?

34. During meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced to haploid by separating

40. Gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis because

45. Which of the following examples accurately describes crossing over?

47. What is the significance of crossing over?

ANS: cell division; mitosis; cytokinesis

DIF: Moderate REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

4. Sister chromatids are held together at a constriction point called a ________.

DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Trade Secret

DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad

ANS: malignant cells

DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad

ANS: homologous chromosomes

DIF: Easy REF: 6.4 Unequal Division

ANS: mitosis; two; meiosis; four

DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Trade Secret | 6.4 Unequal Division

ANS: meiosis I; independent assortment

DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA

DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA

DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA

ANS: lung and bronchus cancer; breast cancer; prostate cancer

DIF: Easy REF: Chapter 6 Infographic

DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

DIF: Difficult REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret

DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret

DIF: Difficult REF: 6.3 Good Cells Gone Bad

DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division

DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA

DIF: Moderate REF: 6.5 Shuffling the DNA

DIF: Difficult REF: Chapter 6 Infographic

1. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 6.1 Divide and Conquer

Match the event or stage of mitosis with the appropriate description.

6. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Trade Secret

Match the event or stage of meiosis with the appropriate drawing.

11. ANS: H DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Unequal Division

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