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Ce 321
Ce 321
CE 321
CE 321: SURVEYING II
FIGURE:
GIVEN:
Radius = 300m
Sta. A = 10+020
FORMULAS:
I
• E = R(sec − 1)
2
I
• M = R (1 − cos )
2
πRθ
• L=
180°
SOLUTION:
I
a. E = R(sec − 1)
2
60°
E = (300m)(sec − 1)
2
𝐄 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟒𝟏𝟎𝐦
I
b. M = R (1 − cos )
2
60°
M = (300m)(1 − cos )
2
𝐌 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝟐𝐦
ENFORCE: Empowerment through Notes and Formulas Organized to Revitalize Civil Engineers
ACES Academics Committee ’17 – ‘18
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CE 321: SURVEYING II
πRθ
c. L=
180°
π(300m)(12°)
L=
180°
L = 62.831m
Sta. A = (10 + 020) + 62.831m
𝐒𝐭𝐚. 𝐀 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟎𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟑𝟏
Notes:
✓ To compute for the Intersecting Angle(I), you must grasp the concept of angle theorems
✓ Place a cartesian plane at the vertex of the curve for better visual of how the angle works
✓ I = 80° – 20° = 60°
πRθ
✓ In the formula L = , θ is the central angle of the desired sector
180°
✓ In computing the stationing of a point, treat the + sign of that station as a comma and just use
simple addition
FIGURE:
ENFORCE: Empowerment through Notes and Formulas Organized to Revitalize Civil Engineers
ACES Academics Committee ’17 – ‘18
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CE 321: SURVEYING II
GIVEN:
Long Chord = 300m
Sta. of P.C. = 10+204.30
I1 = 12°
I2 = 15°
FORMULAS:
a b c
• sin A
=
sin B
=
sin C
I
• LC = 2R sin
2
πRθ
• L=
180°
SOLUTION:
a. Consider Triangle ABC:
300 AC
=
sin 166°30′ sin 7°30′
AC = 167.739m
I
LC = 2R sin
2
12°
167.739 = 2R1 sin
2
𝐑 𝟏 = 𝟖𝟎𝟐. 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝐦
πRθ
c. L = 180°
π(802.360m)(12°)
L1 =
180°
L1 = 168.046m
π(514,567m)(15°)
L2 =
180°
L1 = 134.713m
ENFORCE: Empowerment through Notes and Formulas Organized to Revitalize Civil Engineers
ACES Academics Committee ’17 – ‘18
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CE 321: SURVEYING II
Notes:
✓ In compound curves, it is usual to form triangles within the curve. Find a triangle that you can
work with
✓ Use sine law or cosine law in solving this kind of triangles
✓ If the common tangent is parallel to the long chord. The deflection angle of the long chord of
the first or second curve to the long chord of the whole curve is half of the intersecting angle of
that curve
FIGURE:
GIVEN:
Long chord = 120m
Distance between tangents = 10m
FORMULAS:
opp
• sin A = hyp
• T = T1 + T2
I
• T = R tan
2
ENFORCE: Empowerment through Notes and Formulas Organized to Revitalize Civil Engineers
ACES Academics Committee ’17 – ‘18
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CE 321: SURVEYING II
SOLUTION:
I 10
a. sin =
2 120
I
= 4.780°
2
I = 9.560°
10
sin 9.560° =
AB
𝐀𝐁 = 𝟔𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟐𝐦
b. T1 = T2
T = T1 + T2
60.212 = 2T1
T1 = 30.085m
I
T = R tan
2
9.560°
30.085 = R tan
2
𝐑 = 𝟑𝟓𝟗. 𝟕𝟕𝟗𝐦
Notes:
✓ There are four types of reversed curve: equal radius and parallel tangents, unequal radius and
parallel tangents, equal radius and converging tangents, unequal radius and converging
tangents
✓ Triangles are also formed inside reversed curves, find one that you can work with
✓ If the tangents are parallel then the intersecting angle of the first and second curves are equal
ENFORCE: Empowerment through Notes and Formulas Organized to Revitalize Civil Engineers
ACES Academics Committee ’17 – ‘18
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CE 321: SURVEYING II
FIGURE:
GIVEN:
Radius of simple curve = 180m
Intersecting Angle = 50°
Length of spiral = 80m
FORMULAS:
Lc Xc I
• Ts = + (R c + ) tan
2 4 2
X I
• Es = (R c + 4c ) sec 2 − R c
Lc 2
• Xc = 6Rc
L5
• y =L−
40Rc 2Lc 2
SOLUTION:
Ts
a. tan 25° =
180
Ts = 83.935m
Lc Xc I
Ts = + (R c + ) tan
2 4 2
80 802 50°
83.935 = + (R c + ) tan
2 24R c 2
266.667
94.219 = R c +
Rc
𝐑 𝐜 = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝐦
ENFORCE: Empowerment through Notes and Formulas Organized to Revitalize Civil Engineers
ACES Academics Committee ’17 – ‘18
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CE 321: SURVEYING II
180
b. cos 25° =
OV
OV = 198.608m
E = 198.608 − 180
E = 18.608m
Xc I
Es = (R c + ) sec − R c
4 2
802 50°
Es = [91.298 + ] sec − 91.298
24(91.298) 2
Es = 3.223m
Lc 2
c. Xc =
6Rc
802
Xc =
6(91.298)
𝐗 𝐜 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟖𝟑𝐦
L5
d. y = L −
40Rc2 Lc 2
405
y = 40 −
40(91.2982 )(802 )
𝐲 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟗𝟓𝟐𝐦
Notes:
✓ Spiral curves is the most complex curve in solving because of its elements, be sure to familiarize
yourself with its elements and formulas
✓ Triangles are also formed inside spiral curves, find one that you can work with
✓ Analysis of the figure is highly recommended
ENFORCE: Empowerment through Notes and Formulas Organized to Revitalize Civil Engineers
ACES Academics Committee ’17 – ‘18
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CE 321: SURVEYING II
FIGURE:
GIVEN:
Vertical offset at sta. 10+050 = 0.375m
Grade 1 = +4%
Grade 2 = -2%
Vertical offset at point of intersection = 1.5m
FORMULAS:
𝐲𝟏 𝐲𝟐
• =
(𝐱𝟏 )𝟐 (𝐱𝟐 )𝟐
g1 L
• s1 =
g1 −g2
SOLUTION:
𝐲𝟏 𝐲𝟐
a. =
(𝐱𝟏 )𝟐 (𝐱𝟐 )𝟐
0.375 1.5
=
(50)2 (L⁄ )2
2
𝐋 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐦
g1 L
b. s1 =
g1 −g2
(0.04)(200)
s1 =
0.04 − (−0.02)
s1 = 133.333m
x = 133.333 − 100
𝐱 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝐦
Notes:
𝐲𝟏 𝐲𝟐
✓ = is known as the square property of a parabola
(𝐱𝟏 )𝟐 (𝐱𝟐 )𝟐
✓ The formula for the highest point of the curve depends on the reference point you chose
ENFORCE: Empowerment through Notes and Formulas Organized to Revitalize Civil Engineers
ACES Academics Committee ’17 – ‘18
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