Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City,
Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics Engineering
CAO MICHAEL ANGELO R.
ABANILLA MICO

Laboratory #1
Introduction
The diode is an important electronic component that can be found in a variety of different
electronic circuits. The fact that a diode has two electrodes, known as an anode and a cathode,
distinguishes it as a very special form of electronic component. The vast majority of diodes are
crafted out of semiconducting materials like silicon, germanium, or selenium. Diodes have a
smaller physical footprint and a wider functional range than other semiconductor devices. Diodes
are utilized in a variety of electronic devices, including rectifiers, signal limiters, voltage
regulators, switches, signal modulators, signal mixers, signal demodulators, and oscillators, to
name just a few of the more common examples.
In most cases, a diode will only allow electric current to flow in one particular direction. The
state of a diode known as forward bias occurs when the cathode is connected to a negative
voltage and the anode is coupled to a positive potential. In this state, current begins to flow
through the diode. When the cathode of a diode is linked to a lower voltage than its anode, a
phenomenon known as reverse biasing prevents the voltage from increasing. Additionally, it
stops the voltage from increasing when the cathode is linked to a positive voltage since it acts as
a barrier.
A diode's function as a rectifier, in which it converts alternating current into direct current, is
among the reasons for its importance and value, as well as the reasons for its advantages. After
then, it can be used to protect against voltage spikes. It also protects electronic components that
are susceptible to reversal voltages by employing it. It is quite simple to use, and there is no need
to wait for it to warm up first.

Objectives
● Explain the voltage-current (static and dynamic) characteristics of a power diode.
● Describe the effects of temperature on the diode characteristics.

Materials and Components

● LT Spice Simulator
● 1 1.2V DC source
● 1 1mΩ resistor
● 1 D1N4002 diode or equivalent, RFUH60TS6D
● 1 earth ground

Methodology
Procedure:

1. Create the circuit in LT Spice XVII.

2. Get the part, DC battery (VDC), Resistance R, and diode.
3. Connect all the components using the wire command.
4. After connecting the circuit, label the parts and put the corresponding values. 5. From the Analysis,
click on the set up. Use the spice directive .op to simulate the Bias Point Details. For the DC Sweep
6. Simulating the effect of temperature on diodes.
7. Press keyboard letter “T” to show the spice directive. Do not forget to tick the “Spice directive”.
Otherwise, your inputs will be treated as comment only and it will not run. Enter the same thing
as below in the spice directive window.

8. You can simply click this icon to display the spice directive window.
9. The next step is to set up a transient command.
10. Click on “Simulate” icon bar then “Edit Simulation Cmd” to show the Transient section. In this
particular example we are using a transient command. You can use other commands in
conjunction with the temperature sweep.

What will happen if the Start external DC supply voltage at 0V is unchecked?

11. Run the Simulation. To run, simply go to “Simulate” then press “Run”.

12. Print the graphs, with the voltage and current across the diode.
13. Complete the table below and comment on the effect of the temperature on the diode’s voltage
drop, VD and diode’s current ID.
Results

Figure 1: Circuit diagram

Figure 2: Graph

Operating Temperature ID𝑰𝑫 VD𝑽𝑫 [Equation]

(at Q-point) (at Q-point)
27-degrees 6.5410 A 1.1935 V 7.8067 W
 100-degrees 16.5468 A 1.1835 V 19.5831 W
150-degrees 22.0919 A 1.1779 V 26.0220 W
Table 1: Temperature on the diode’s voltage drop, [Equation] and diode’s current,
ID𝑰𝑫

Figure 3: Handwritten solution in solving [Equation]

Conclusion
Explain the effect of temperature on a diode. Identify the diode’s knee voltage and its corresponding
current on your graph for all the temperature. Explain the relationship between current and voltage
when diode is forward-biased and reverse-biased.

When the temperature goes up, a lot of covalent bonds will break, which will make a lot more majority
and minority carriers. This means that the diode current is bigger than it was before. The same thing
happens with both forward and backward current.If a diode is given a forward bias, which means that the
terminal with the greater potential is attached to its anode, then it will allow current to flow through it.
The flow of current is stopped when the diode is given a reverse bias, which means the cathode has been
linked to the higher potential. Therefore, in order for current to flow across a PN junction, a bias voltage
with a specific polarity and amplitude is required.