Vn Ys he), [Say eal pose [tzcateal Exiting Entering vapor A | Exiting Entering vapor liquid (stcipping agent) tiquid Var. Vine Ly ly Vo. Vo uh (a) (b) Figure 8.1: Countercurrent cascades of N adiabatic stages: (a) absorber; (b) stripper First consider the absorber with the stages numbered from the top. Component molar flow rates in the vapour and liquid phases are indicated by v, and 1,. In the following derivation the subscript is dropped for clarity reasons only. It is also assumed that the entering liquid does not contain any of the components of the gas phase. /, is thus = 0. ‘og’ ge ie a eed'A component material balance is done over 1 and N-1 for any of the components in the gas phase. Vath =Vn=¥i thy ‘The total flow rates of the gas and liquid are denoted by: V and L Thus vey And’ text Equilibrium is assumed td be reached in each stage, thus for stage N. Yu =Ku ky Combining equations (2), (3) and (4) gives: ‘An absorption factor is defined as. A= \ ‘Thus vant Ay 1e top of the absorber, including stages oO) @ 8 “) ©) (6) 1)ale ‘Substitute (7) In (1) thus tievs+h, fre ee(ratheAe ® ‘A component balance is now done around the top ofthe column including stages 1 and N-2, thus Niaey, the ) By similar substitution as above it follows that: Myth 2)An (19) ‘Substitute (10) in (8) WW) Av¥, Anas tna vA Thus hea Bs An tVs (An Ane +n) «ty ‘This calculation is carried on up to the fist stage where /, =», 4, thus WAV (AAAs Ay tA gy HA Ay toot) (12) The overall component balance is given by: Ww=Vuer Ys (13) A balance between the entering vapour v,., and v, is given by: (14) Vs=Vuar ba‘Where ¢, is the recovery fraction of each component that is given by: 1 WFAGAg Ay PAs Ay tot Ay Ht A) KAA. = fraction of species in entering vapour that is not absorbed ‘An effective absorption factor, A, , replaces the separate absorption factors, thus 1 pet 16) PA ANSASANE tA, ue Equation (16) is multiplied and divided by (A, -1) to yield Ay-1 a7) ara“eunby oy) ul umoys ee Sdn ~ yes Yong ~seqlosqe au} 0} pejoXoa! s1 Jey} pINby| UEqOSGe ey) 1p 40 sueddujs ym poydnos Ajuanbey ese siaquosqy eyereuese1 0} suuimoo uo1 (02) uonenbe 0} seljdde osje jo!d enoge ay 20700) Burdens ee (oz) TTDI (en) peddins you si uy pinby Buuayue ul seloads jo uoyoes) = cas. 59 aru ) aon ‘mojag uani6 aie syInsed ou} KUO——— The recycle liquid is normally not completely free of the components that enter in the vapour stream to the absorber. Itis thus possible that the vapour can strip some of these components from the liquid ‘A general absorber equation is obtained by combining equation (14) with a modified form of equation (18), thus for stages numbered from the top to the bottom: =o yy but “Vth (22) (23) Thus The total balance for a component that enters in the entering vapour and entering liquid is determined by adding (14) and (23) thus: ner 9a +h (1-5) (24) Equation (24) is applied to each component entering in the vapour while equation (21) is used for species that enter only in the entering liquid. ‘The analogous equation of (24) for a stripper is given by: (25) Ines +Vo(1- 94)Example 1") The heavier components have to be removed from a gas stream by absorption, The ‘column operates at 2 760 kPa. The entering liquid is a high molecular mass oll Estimate the compositions and flow rates of the exit streams by using the method given above. It can be assumed that the A and S values can be based on the entering values of L, V and that the K- values can be determined at the average of the top and bottom of the absorber, There are six stages in the column, thus N = 6. Lean gas, V; il, 32°C iE — Feed gas, Vr 40°C Rich oll, Lsfy, k mol /h vy, k mol /h CHa (Cs) ce CaHe( C2) 370 CaHe( Cs) 240 Cx Hie (Cs) 0.05 25 n-CsHi2(Cs) 078 5 oi 164,17 Le= 165 Vp = 800 The relevant A's and S; 's are calculated with the Kj ‘s determined at the average temperature of 36°C. Equations (17 ) and (19) are used to calculate the gx 's and $s:‘s Equation (14) is used to calculate the v's. The following equation is used to calculate the /s's: (de =e +(idy - (Wis (26) x 03 128 960. ‘O.8Ta. sa ‘0.185 | 1.08 [O46 [0.1 68 ‘o.0713 [2.88 x 0g ‘0.0007 i 995. | 0.0 oie ee oy Gian ca wal ie autre eeoe 1194 =160%0,9691=155,056 oll S = 4,85 K= 4,85 x 0,0001 = 4,86 x 10-* 4 85x10" (45x10 9085 ae = =164,17 «0.9995 =164088G A= 0,206/K = 0,206/6,65 = 0,0309 A,-1_ 00305 1 A,-1 903097 1 09681 Vyesiba =160x0.9691=155 056 85% 10-* 4,85 K= 4,85 x 0,000 S.-1__495x10-*~ 0.9995 1 (485x10") os 5 =16417 x0.9995-164088Table 4 shows the mole fraction of gas and oil components that are fed into an absorber ‘operated at 32°C and 10 bar (abs) with six theoretical plate. Given that the molar ratio of gas to oil entering the absorber is 1.0. Table 4: Mole fraction of gas and oil ‘Components [Gas mole fraction [Oil mole fraction __[K values ah CH 0.70 Fe [6s al He 0.10, : 34 GHs 0.10 1.16 fa n= City 0.06 (0.03 rf 035 CH 0.04 0.01 0.12 ral « 0.96 0.0001 1.00 fi 1.00 | Estimate the compositions and flow rates of the exiting streams. The initial A’s and $s can be based on the given feed rates but the calculated flow rates must be used when the next values of the A’s and S's are calculated, Perform two iterations 2 a @ 8) @ V, = VussGa + lo(1 ~ bs) = Voda + lo(1 ~ 5) ©) Vy + lo = Vit Ios = de = fy + Vy ~V © From equations 1-6 Components[V> [lo [Ki [Ai__[ 6a os TH Ibe CHy 0.70. 16.5 0.0606 } 0.939. 4.6x10* | 0.657_| 0.042 CoH, 0.10 34 0.294 | 0.706 0.00046 _| 0.071 _| 0.029 C3Hy 0.10 1.16 0.862 _| 0.213 0.0876 0.021_| 0.0786 n-CyHio 0.06 [0.03 | 0.35 2.857 _| 0.0012 0.6504 0.0105 | 0.0794 n-CsHir 0.04 70.01 [0.12 8.333_ | 2.610" 0.880 0.001_| 0.0488 Oil 0.96 | 0.0001 | 10000 | 0 0.9999 0 0.9599 Total 1.00 | 1.00 0.7605 | 1.237V;__|lo | K; AL Si 4 os Vi Ts 0.70, 16.5 {0.0986 | 10.1475 [0.9014 [8.85107 [0.631] 0.06 0.10 34 [0.4785 [2.091 [0.5245 [0.00627 | 0.052 | 0.0475 0.10, 116 {1.4026 [0.7134 [0.0416 | 0.3164 [0.00416 | 0.0958 0.06 {0.03 [0.35 | 4.6486 [0.2153 [7.7107 [0.7847 | 0.0065 | 0.0835 0.04 [0.01 {0.12 | 13.5583 | 0.0738 |1.49*107 | 0.9262 [0.001 | 0.0492 0:96 [0.0001 [16270 [6.15107 [0 0.9999 | 5.910 | 0.9599 1.00 | 1.00 0.6948 [1.3057