CIVIL PROCEDURE THE BAR LECTURES SERIES Volume I WILLARD B. RIANOt Bar Reviewer in Remedial Law, Commercial Law ané Civil Law “Author: Fundementals of Civil Procedure; ridence (A Restatement forthe Ds) Civil Procedure(A Restatement forthe Bar Byideace (The Bar Lectures Series); Criminal Procedure (The Ber Lecures Serie); ‘Dean, College of Law, University ofthe East Fermur Dean Beeusive Dear Gellgs of ase ‘Son Sebastion College Reolets Manila Member, Remedi! Law and Comnercial Law Canmittees, U.P, Law Center Former Proessorial Lecturer, Philippine Judicial Acadeny, ‘Supreme Court of the Philippines east 2022 Bantam Edition REX Book Store aaa‘ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My Father worked tirelessly on his books, doggedly revisiting and updating them. After his passing, 1 wanted to ensure I found the right people to continue his work, ‘who would update his books as if they were their own. My {father poured his heart and soul into his beoks - they are his legacy. I'm eternally grateful to have found the right people to continue that legacy. I would lke to thank all who, in one way or another, contributed to the completion of these latest editions “Basta para hay Dean...” This was the answer [received when T asked a close collesgue in the legal industry of my Father's to update Civil Procedure I and Civil Procedure II. Lam very lortunste that there are those, ike you, Who still ‘think very fondly of him. Thank you for all your hard work ‘and dedication to thi project. But, most importantly, I thanke you for remembering my father with kindness and warmth, I think, aside from his books, he should also be remembered for the person he was My sincere thanks also go out to Lee Anne Joy Toro ‘and her team at REX. You were an irreplaceable partner in. this first endeavor of mine to update my father’s bocks. Your guidance and assistance throughout this whole process went above and beyond and for that, Iwant to thank you from the estan of my ear, ‘To the readers, as always, these books are for you. My ether wrote theve books for his students as a guide to help them achieve their dreams of becoming lawyers, I hope yout find in these pages the spark that ignites your instinct to sunceed in your endeavor. Bast srishes and good luck! Preface jumble work isthe second volume of a two-volume matenal in Ul Froceoure. Imus lates: eaition incorporates the relevant laws newly passed as well as most recent prorouncemente of the Suprome Court. Like ite provions editions, ite aim is to present the legalese foand in the Rules ‘of Court in a simplified manner to enable thestudent oflaw 10 ‘grasp the essential concepts in Remedial Law. However, this is more than that...much more. ‘This is nod to my father’s wishes to craft his work in a waythat would tremendously benefit the law students and bar ‘eviewees. As my father would have wanted, this is made to ‘equip his intended readers with important tools which would fgreetly Delp them in passing the annual bar examinations. ‘That has always been his first and foremost gol.ADAUGHTER’S MESSAGE TO THE READERS: CONTENTS. humbly present to you my father’s Inst and greatest works. as ‘ree ecttons are very spectn wo ie siento i tess page aptart ‘are my fathers last words and partof the legay that he left to the Zs ee Geveral Principles world, Much of the writing was done in my home, surrounded by feel. My father wole Hunker down in fost of is oto and 1. Remedial Law and the Rules of Court write tielesly from marning to nigh, taking breaks througtout sand lems / {he day to play with his grandson, Christopher, or chat with me. Te Goncept ofremedial Iw; sources. antive lave distinguished fom read law ‘wes during these times that I saw my Dads passion fr his books, a3 Soinstentie law dking ‘wal as his deep compassion fr his students Teahowed inthe effort Sai nee cain ies That he ook to craft each sentence cach paragraph and each page, Scope of el procedure n the Res of Cour that aothing would be ot nthe ransiatonof the law. He would Preznatie eet of the Roles of Cour: Bar 201) ead me excerpts and ask ar layman, understood what he wae Eiriposinl serge rgeny coe nraaa {eying to get seost Think tat wan always his mesure of sucess eee ree grvenalts da iuleso¢ Gow for his writing if person ike me, with no education inthe law, eee erie Sel corsa br he ‘ld undersiand the concept he wea trying to expan, then he was Tue ‘onthe ight path ‘The need fo fellow fundamantal evidentiary rules enna ‘This isthe common thread in the books my father authored: to jmplify law concepts ina manner that is easy to grep. He tok the I, Rule Making Power of the Supreme Court ‘mort dauatiog law subjects, and presented them fc mach a wey that Conia suthcey te yromrgate ele they became leas the Behemoth than they were previously thought. Umar enn eang por He transferred, through the pages, his innete understanding of eaee Go ‘Remedial Law subjects in a way thit made it easier fr his readers eS oad eerie: tounderstand, Ties Woauol aaa ‘To his readers, I bope you find inspiration in these pages to ‘The rule om liberal construction purpose Ghar 1898) persevere and be ape step closer to your dreams. { hope you find General on compan with procure les, ‘within voursel the “homicidal instinct” te sume and the strength exceptions. : fd faith to stay in your choaen path, In the words of my dad, “Relieve in what you are now. Have faith in what you shell become. II Nature of the Philippine Courts reams come truewith faith, Cour ofa deity applitionot ity Frlsditin z ‘Nida Riano-Louridas ‘When equity does et apy on ‘Los Angeles, California Judicial power Doctrine of hierarchy of enurt prinaple of judial November 22,2019 Ibiernrehs) (Bar 2011; 2047).‘When the docrine of hierarchy of courts may be ieregarded Bar 2021)... Deetrine of nen-interference oF sect eal stability (Bar 2011). — Constitutional and statutory surte . Girl and criminal courts. Superior and inferior cout. (Cures o general and special jrisdction CCeurts of orginal and appellate jurisdiction... Original end enclave jrteditien dieting (Cencurtent jurisdiction. Meaning of court. (Court distinguished from «judge TV. The Basle Processes of Ordinary ‘Civil Actions Tntrodutionn i L Complaint nn "Right of action and cauae of action Sariadition se Venue... Parties Prescription and conditiens precedent. Preparation o the complaint. Provisional remedies Filing ofthe complaint Foul cenarie eri ing fie complaint, npeannery AD Metin fr bil starticls, B. Mation to diemies B. Counterclaim, crosciaim, third-party complain, reply and intervention. Prostral.. Thal nn aagment Vil. Pest judgment remedi ‘IIL Execution and satisfaction of judgments s<2 vi segaas se esses Chapter 11 Suriedistion and Venue 1. Juriadietion “arndistion in General ‘arsdietion; meating ‘Tarindition a not the power af the ju “ariedstion doesnot refer tothe decison ise. ‘Arpect of iurisdcion. ‘ariadiction over the Subject Mater. ‘Meaning of jurisdiction over the subject matter. Duty af court todismiss an action for lice ‘of juristition over the subject matter... Effet of ack of jurisdiction over the subject matter. Sarisdition verso the exercise of jurisdiction ror ef jurisdiction versus ero of judgment Bar 1989) nen ‘est of jurisdiction . ‘An erroneous judgment is bo Vid ‘uriedietion and cause of action (Bar 1988). ow Jasiision ver the ubjoot atone oaforeed Coenen fee ht juris nnferted by IAW ns ‘The law applicabo tothe case How juriediction over the subject matter is Grtermined (Bar 2014; 2018) on. Caption ofthe case is eot controling "The amount awarded doesnot determine Sriadition Bar 2018)... Doctrine of primary jurisdiction (primary sdminsstrative Jursdicon). Doctrine of exhaustion of adminisirative Temedion ard doaine of primary jrisdztion.. Bacoptions othe doctine of primary jrindition Doctrine of adherence of jursdition ‘continuity fjurediton) Duin afencry seta sido, Dectrineofjudisal stabi Objecioe fo jursdicion over the subject mater. & “ * agaatect of estoppel on objections to jurisdiction. ‘Jurisdiction ever the subject matter and the ‘ommnbut motion rule. risdition ever the Pr ‘Meaning of jurisdiction ver the person; Suladiton in personae iow jutiadiotion over the persona of the artis is acquired (Bar 2008)..0.nu Veluntery appearance of the defendant Bar 2017). sect pleasing seaitiona setenses aise trom Tack of jarndtion over the person of the defendant: prior rulere-examined ‘When jurisdiction over the person ofthe defendant is required... = [Necessity for service of camiman ‘orisdstion over th L808 on: ‘Meaning of jurisdstion over the Hw jurisdiction oer the lage is conferred ard determined Distinction between «question of aw and a en testion fic Bar 2008 e inthe pleedings. Jerindistion over the Ret ‘Meaning of jurisdiction over the res, actions inperscnam, in rem, and quasi in Fem. How acquired Extent reef wien scion nly Over the Penn srsdion othe Supreme Cour Bar 2014) Basic princigls in relation tothe jriadiction ofthe Supreme Court. Ociginal exclusive jurisdiction ofthe Supreme Cour. Supreme Court. Appellate jusediction (Original cases cogeizable by the Supreme Cure Appealto the Supreme Court... {Cases which must be heard Ba Bane Procedure when the opinion ofthe Supreme Court Ex Banc is equally divided (Bar 20:2) ee 288 8 3888 8 r01 102 102 103 103 104 @. Jurisdiction othe Courtof Appeals. ‘Original exclusive jariedetionof the Coart of Appeals. Original concsrron jurisdiction of the Court of Appes! Power to try and conductinearings lice a {til court Bat 2008) Surisdiction o the Courtof Tux Appeals. tion of Musisipa Trial Corte ‘Explanctory note Demand not exceeding P? milion... Meaning of terest ‘Totality Rule Gar 2014; 2018). Actions involving persona propery Probate proceedings. Special uriscietiog ‘Summary precedure: smal claims cases (Bar 2018; 2014; 2018) ‘Actions for forcible entry and aniawful ‘eiaies Des 2009, 2048, 2080) ‘Actions involving ttle t possession of or any interestin rel property; mating... Basis is assessed value Bar 2008; 2008). ‘The need to allege the assessed vale; when falure te allege somcaned value et Cael men Allegation of assessed valuc is immaterial on appeal Inquiring into the primary reef or ultimate ‘objective of the complaint. Acionpblianas axon reknditria Bar 2010), "acione(acteas involving Stato, earenson torany interes in real propery) arealso incapable of pecuniary estimation . sean ae pea tom ames ofthe NTC uindision of the Regal ial Courts (ar 200). ‘Beclusve orginal jurisdiction of the RTC (Concurrent eriginaljursdiction of the poootona Ti Cou. uredition nn pel jit oy opel cane 104 104 108 108 107 109 no ne na na na ne 18 us ng 127 at 132 133 134 137 139 139 40 140 anJurisdiction over intra corporate cantroversi... Rifct on jurindcton when an intra-corprate case ‘eroneotslyaasigned by eal toa regular branch ofthe Regional Til Court. [RTC ina court of genera juriediction ‘Adions incapable of pecuniary est (Bar 1997; 2008; 2008). ‘Action for partition of real property ‘ation for foreclosure of real estate mortgage » “damages under a penal dause Betentof tritl court’ jurisdiction when ‘ing a8 & probate cour: (Bar 2011) Serisdstion of the Family Courts. ‘ariadistion of Shari'a Courts... Shar’ courts; eyes. Oniginal jurdition of Sharia Concurrent jurisdiction of Shari'a District Cuts. ‘Appellate jurndietion of Shan District Courts Finality of decisions cgi jardin of Sharia Cc Courts. ‘ules applicable. TL. Venue (ule 4) ‘Meaning of venue. si ‘Venuein cul eases: venue is criminal eases ‘Some specif distinctions between juriaictioa (ever the sujet mate) and venue Bar 2009 Basic venue analyte ‘Venuein personal actions Bar 2011; 2017). Venue real actions Bar 2009; 2918) ‘Venue of actions against non resicentaafecting the 1 Stpuntons on ene at 197, 00; 2032). ‘Arete stiplaton on wna not Binding when he ait the contract taal Yona of tes yr Adopted illustrations, na ua 146 v9 198 157 187 1st 168 159 158 160 161 161 161 162 162 163 164 168 166 168 m im 3 18 va 18) 181 When court may make a motu proprio ‘ismiseal based on improper venue 182 Denial af mation o dismits bared on improper venue; noappel onieeenan, 188 Improper verve i not jursdieonal waiver of improper vent... ‘Authority ofthe Suoreme Cour in relation ta venuecf cates Prananee 188 Causes of Action, Actions, and Parties 1. Cause of Action (Rule 2) Importance aa cause of action... Monning and elements ofa cause of action. ‘The need to state the cause of action. ‘The teat on whether or not the complaint satan ‘a cause of action... 190 Failureto stete a cause of action ard lack of a cause ‘ofction.- 192 Importance othe allegations in the complaint 196 Bites os nding thet he complaint sttee © ‘cause of action. 195 (Cause ef action as applied to sdmizistrative cases. 195 (Cause ef atin arising from law... 195 ‘Cause ef atin bated ox contracts 196 ‘Cau of action bared on the vcarnus ably of an employe ro 196 Cause of ation in environmeatal aces 197 rate ef action for partition rising ise ‘of ownership... ne 19T ‘Action distinguished fer cause of ection Bar 1998) 198 Splitting a single causeof action Par 1996; 1999, 2006; 2017}; easoa for proktition.. ‘Anticipatory breadh ‘Afect ef spitng single cause of ection (iar 1888; 1999), Jsinder of causes of action (Bur 1996; 1859; 2000, 12008; 2011; 2012; 2019, SJoinder when there are multiple parties ‘Binder of elnims in small claims eases Remedy in ease of misjeinder of eases ofa aTL Actions Dentt00 nen Civil actions and erimiral actions ‘Actions distinguished from special procesdings ‘ar 1896; 1998) ‘The special proceedings under the Rules of Court; ‘pplicabiity of rues in ordinary civil actions Special civil nctions in the Rules of Cour. Real and personal actions (Bar 2004; 2006) Significance ofthe distinction between a perscnal’ ‘action and areal stion (Bar 2016) enn In personamy in rem and quait in rem ations (ar 1894; 2009; 2014)... Signifzance of distinction between action in rem, in personam, and quasi in rem i Requirement of notice or sursmons, Example of when an action in em or qua in er {heated asin persona ‘When summons by publiation may be made in an ‘ction in perconan IL Parties ule 9) Parties toa civil action, Who may be partie Saridial persons as partic Entities authorized by aw tobe perties... Entity without a jarideal personality asa defondant ‘fect whens party impleaded is ot ahora “Avermentofeapacity toaue cr be wed ‘Minor or incompeient asa party. eal party in interest (Bar 1668; 1989, 30 Determining the ral partyin interest. Plain in environmental casa ‘emai fre won a arty woth ea arty interes Representative parties, Citizen suit under the Rules ef Procedure for Environmental Cases, ‘Standing of marine manmas... Indiopensable parties (Bar 1696; 2016. 9917) au a4 25 aus 217 218 221 235 236 236 238 239 240 240 21 241 242 248 248 249 250 251 268 ‘nota ground for dismissal (Bar 2010) Majin and nox partes Be 3509; 201, ‘Necessary parties... Diatinetion batween an indiapenantlo and TELE AMY nn 258 Duty afpleader if necesary party i atid cic (Bar 1998) 208 When court may order jinder ofa aecesary party (Bar 1988)... 259 fect of failure to comply with the order of the court (Bar 1998; 2011). sens 960 Bifect ef a justified nom inchcion of party Bar 1998), vn 260 ‘Vawilling co plains. = z 260 ‘Alternative defendants (ar ii) 281 Unknown identity or name ofthe defendant 261 fect of death of« party on the attoeney-lient ‘relationship, duty of counsel Bar 2016) —.. 262 ‘ation of cour pen notin af det fet of death ‘onthe ease ar 209). Importance cf substitution ofthe deceased nn 263 [No'requirement for amendment of complaint oreervce of summons. 264 Purpose and importance of substitution ef the deceased... 264 Beamples ofactons which ourvivethe death a ‘erty (Bar 2011). ‘Actions forthe reoweryof mney arising from ‘contractual eligatons 2687 ‘Action for rezovery of money arising from contrac, sxpreseed or impli 288 Tncompetency or incapacity ofa party during the an NE ASM 268 Indigest pares (Ber 2016). 269 Fle ofthe Solicitor General’ 260 Suit by or apuinst spouses 210 Clase euit; requisite. an Commonality of interes in the suject matter scneconcve 271 [Noclare cuit when interets are conficting 28 Nocla sity acorpertion to recover property ofite embark nn 21324 individually held. Saito reaver lage fr parol 24 Dismissal or compromise of a lass Sut Class suit distinguished from representative suit. Pleadings and Motions 1. Pleacin ‘A. General Prinipleson Pleadings... mos 277 [Nature of pleading. coe BIT Nacessixy and purpose of pleadings. or aT Canatructon of pleadings 278 Construction of ambigucus allegations in pleadings... 278 Pleadings allowed by the Rules of Court (Bar 1996)... 279, Pleadings allwed under the Rules on Expedited Procedures inthe First Level COUR cvnnmon 279 Paadinge in the Rale ofPocedure fr Oal’ Claims Cases. 280 Pleadings no lloved ina petition for a Wnt of Amparo or Habeos Data. Pleadings in he Rules of Procedure for Brvironmental Caves [Nature ofa pleading; how determined, B. Parte ofa Pleading Caption of the pleading... ‘Tile ofthe action... Bedy ofthe pleading. Headings; designation ofcauses of actions Joined te one complaint, Allegations of ultimate facts. Ralit on Contents Signature and address. Bffect ofan unsigned pleading Significance ofthe slgnature of counsel (Bar 1986; 2013), ‘Verification ina pleading (Bar 301), How a pleading is verified... Significance af verification : fst tack erin of dive verification (Bar 201).. 202 ‘ter rquitements.. = 283 (Certifiation against foram shopping (Gar 2010; 2099; 2010; 291) - 294 Purpose ofthe certification nnn 295 ‘Moaning of forum shopping. "295 ‘The eeridcadon tenor njuristicionsl requiemehia 0 ‘Three ways ef omitting forum shopping... 2st Determinaticn ofthe existence of foram HOPPIN 207 ‘There is no forum shopping in simultaneously ‘ling a quo warranto petition and complaint for impeachment. Who executes the certification against forum Shopping (ar 2000; exception. ‘Signing the certification when the plaints = indica entity. Rule ifthere are several plaintiff peitioners; exception Bar 201)... _rmadings requuning a certneaton spain forum shopping... . Applicability to special vil actions Eifects of non-compliance withthe rule oa erieaton epi forum seri (Bar 1990). senns 80 fect of willul and deliberate forum ‘shopping: dismissal ofall pending claims. 208 fet of submiasien of ale certfeaton. 308 fect of non compliance with the undertakings 308 Sammary of gudetinesresposting wom ‘compliance with the requirements cf or submission of defective, verification and articetion against forum ShAppINge manne 310 Allegations in Pleadings au ‘Allegations cf conditions precedent... an tect fur tocomoly with a citen precedent. 312 Preading a judgment reading an officiel document or a reading capacity to sue or be sued. Pleading fad, mistake or czaditicn ofthe mind waPleading elternative cause of sctions or defense, au Plening actionable documents Bar 1991; 2004; 2005; 2017) ar How to centest an actionable documents ‘th required ar 2920; 017) won a 8 ‘When anoathis not required (Bar 1987; 17) monunee 319 Meaningof admissien a9 Defenses cut of by the admission of | ienuineness and due execation 320 Deteue net ent offby the ndetesion a ‘enaineness and due execution (Bar 2017). 320 Filing and Service of Pleadings Judgments Othe Papers in Civil Cases. 320 of Bling’. 2 320 Meaning of ‘service san ‘Upon whom service shallbe made ‘Servis upon eouned representing several partion. 822 Savice on sveral cures representing (Oe Party on 322 Manner of ing sz How to prove fling. ot 323 Papare mained tah lad and are aoa Modes ofservce 324 Service ef judgments, nal orders or resolutions 325 ‘Conventional service or fling cf orders, plerdings andother documents cwenvnnn 995 Gourtissued erders and ether documenta, 526 Personal service. 326 ‘When personel service is deemed complet. 327 Service by mal 327 When service by mail is seemed complete. 328 Substituted service. Z 328 ‘When substituted service ie completa 328 ‘Service by electronic means and facsimile. 328 Presemptive rv SI bee How to prove vervice (Baz 2011; 2010). 830 Kinds of Pleadings... a1 1. Complaint venom 331 ‘Meaningof compiai 3a Filing ofthe complaint; significance. 331 amontt die te andes af juridictien 32 is iect of failure to pay docket fee on ‘supplemental complain. Payment of docket fees for cases on appeal... 884 Answer, a Nature of an anew Kinds of defenses in the answer... ifectofabeence ofa apesfc denial Purpose of «specific denial... Kinds of specie denials (Bar 2011; 2018)... 338 ‘Negative pregnant a ‘When a peciic denial must bs coupled ‘with an oath (Bar 2010) se [Mates not ceemed admitted by the failure t make a specific deni. Adiemative defenses sve Petodstoflan answer io a ompit 24), Defaule. : [Nature of default ar 2018; 2014; 2018; 2017) 38 [Requistes before a defending party may be declared in default (Bar 1999; 20 2015)... 350 1 ate propio cacao 300 Failureto serve the answer tothe Ider part ne tect ofa desaratonlorior of dtaale (Bsr 2012... lect of partial defn ar 3615) Action ofthe court after the declaration! 383 354 354 Extension of the time toanswer=. 388 Remedies of « defending party declared “in etuale (Der 100%, 2040) 2012) o0 (Current judial trend on defaults... 357 Implied lifting ofthe order of lefadt 358 Extent of rolstin «judgment by default. 369 (Canes where a declaration/order of default 389 360Failure tofle response under the Rules s ‘Third (Porth ete) Party Complaint ene 978 grammatent Tider on gait i Uareoleare a0 ails tofle occurs undo the Res ‘Anower tahinkpaiy complaints 3a Siswidavcr os 86 « Auertont 30 Fang toes return unr tn Bale Nature iterenion ar 3) Pa ‘on the Writ of Habeas De va 361 Requisites for intervention (Bar 2000) . 382 Faitrtofe an anor under te Buia oo Masaingeegl ret 3s Expedited Pondurerin ie Fist, Preedute ft atenentioa a 5 EES EStnS at SOE AIT on s08 Tariana a Couterchims Sie 1 Ripbee 2 ar fears at 100007 mesic ise nee i0, kins 362 Filing ofrepy not mandatary ober Computer and ‘crams 388 Men flag iednbe nee seule aod yori Sa Goupeosy crtaedaimtetsrs 363 Panties 58 s F. Amendnen ot Meating Gale). E Teeein aap sc seo ‘nendnent of Pleading peckienh rea Teaon er alonng amendmen... ses Jocompatbiiy between acompulsery Aetna aero ih ar 8) 3D Tpusteraim ede motion demi. Anendinent ga atert 3s ‘Deemiasine sventarclalen (Rar 211)... - ‘Amendment made during the pendency of a Distacdine bemeen acampslary anda Se Eee am Permits counterion 908 messes 1886808 208)... 350 How fost pen omitted oni U2 inminent aveGhicusunseae Howe attup ccomterelim asing “fistnn (ar atone vce 884 therthe anes sna 88 Anendaeat conor to thecvideace Peco toanmverscouncnin am Ber 2006 30° 20 Etter ofthe dims os compa Nous ase be caus falas onthe counterdam tenly a ; so setup ar 201) ms isin aoa Options the eentant vhs ha Tebre aroponsvepleedngavered ‘leaded acountrlaim a (Ger 205. 6 cual eee Bu Anetinent ce sj de” Nate tcl ms ensatara tapi end rve a iar ar pp emi Effect of the smendment on admissions made von OT6 in the original pleading .. - 399 Bimuoans eer coop namo whea peda am ei 108) mown 877 ean es Ac ‘eo “ na guage ‘Supplemental pleadings... 401 pahanuayptin crermmrecemne,, S9T ‘Cause of action in supplemental pleadings. How ts “ on Answer to a supplemental pleading; 317 ‘ot MANALOFY ..nnovemnreI. Motions in Civil Cases Definition ofa motion orm of motions Contents ofa motion [Non-ltigious motions, Litigious motions... Nodes ofheang a iis eto, Scio Proof of service. ‘Metion dav, ‘Metion fr leave toile « motion ‘The Omaibus moticn rule (Bar 2030, 2011) Prebibited metione under 2016 Armendmenta to the 1097 Rales of Civil Procedure ow: Prohibited metions unde the Ruleson Expedited 'Precedures in the Hirst Lvl COU =. Prohibited motionsin the Rules onthe Writs of “Amparo and Habeas Date... Prohibited motions under the Rulesof Prcedure for Small Claims Crees, 8 amended ncsnenannne Prohibited motions under the Rulea of Prcedure {for Environmental Cases Chapter V ‘Sammons Purpose and importance of summons... Serviceof summons applies toany action ‘Summons in actioss in personam (Bar 2018) Effect of knowledge ofthe fing of the ation. Purpose of summons in ations in rem ard quasi in rem Walt appearance by the defendant Bar 20. Who issues th summons... Wien simmons iarued. ‘Towhon summons is directed Who serves simmons (Bar 2013). Contents of the summons Validity of summons and issuance of lies summons. Returnand proof ef service (Bar 2012)... Uniformity of the rules on summons. Service pon an erty without nel peoai ‘Service upona prisoner. Service consistent with invereational convention Service upona minor and an incompetent 403 a3 aus aa 416 416 at a2 a a 422 33 4 08 235 425 428 ar ar Service upon spouse ‘Service upon a domorticprivacajudical stiy ‘Old rule on service upon domestic private juridical entity... Service upon a foreign private juridical entity ereign private juridical entities not registered in the Philipines or ave no resident agents. 43s Service upon an unincorporated government agency =» 434 Duty of counsel on record. os ae A. Sesh your oda (former perconal service of summons)... 1B, Substituted service of summons (Gar 2004, 2006; 2013; 2016; 2017; 2018) anna 438 How substituted service i ade. nn fot ifdafordant doas not actly receive the summons. . as ‘When defendant prevents service of su ©. Summons by publi. Service upon a defendant wihove ideatity ‘whereatouts are urknown. Sense apons sient empararijout ofthe Philppines.. ‘Adions involved in extraterritorial vervics of rumeron8 ‘Modes of extate Application of principles... : 487 Stite against non tesdeat defendants wo have ‘propertive in the Pulippnes bat are outside ofthe eCUntey rons ‘Chapter VI Proceedings after Service of Summon ‘and Dismissal of Actions ‘A. Motion fr Bil of Prtialars. ‘When ta file the motion Parpost ofthe motion Purpose of a motien for il f particulars in criminal case (Bar 2018)... vm 488 Requirements forthe motion, S465 ‘Aston of the court (Bar 2008, 2010, 201).ccnne 465Coreliance withthe order z “s Silo panteulre ae part ofthe pleading 465 $ifex otton compliance or innufint compliance withthe order ef he COUR nn 406 Stay of pei tole respoasive pleading ee Motion to Dismiss... wor ‘Armtion to dismiss nate plonding 60 Onsibusmotin (Bar 2010), 469 Comets al frm of she most dis. 40 Notce ofhearng onlitigious mations disertionarjon 470 ‘When a motion fo diss maybe fled even ater The anewer has Yee served an fle. «0 ‘Resjudicata asa ground or a motion to dismiss, tenets res udicata (Ber 201). m Blemonts offs judicata Gn elation‘ the concept fbar by & prior udgmest) (Bxe 2011) encome AT an a ‘Applicaton ofree judicata to questi Pree nn soi 18 Dismissal on the ground a its pendent. a6 Pleading grounds a afrmatve defenses 47 Remedyot the defendant themation i deniod > 477 Wen cetorarsis availabe a8 Romedia ofthe plaintiff the motion to diemise is granted 478 \When complaint cannot te refed (Bar 2011). 480 Dismissal by the Paint, 481 Dismissal by mere noticecf dismissal (Gar 2017; 2018) Dismisse without prejudice; exceptions. ‘Two-dismissal rule (Bar 1989; 2017; 2018). ‘Dismassa by ling # maton toausmss. Dismissal without prejudice (Sec. 2, Rule 17). Dismissal due to the fauk of pain (Ge, 3, Bule 17 owes Diamissl with prejudice Sec: 9, Rule 47cm ‘Blt of aimitl spon a courtreim aed pleaded (Bar 2008, 2010). Dismiss of counterclaim, cross-iaim oF hid-party complaint nn onnon Chapter VIE Pre‘rial and Modes of Discovery A PreTria.... (Concept, nature, and purpone a poe iial (Bar 2019) ve Preliminary conference fect of failure to onduct a peor. [Referral to the Phiippine Mediation Center... Sedila! Diapuue Ravaaon GDR). Hw rice gt maton by plaintiff Bar 1999). ‘The meaning of last pleading Notice of pretrial Bar 1977) ‘Appearance of pares and counsel in the pre-ial (Bar 1992)... a fect cf failure to appear by the pint ‘ar 1980; 1661; 1889); ered Bifect failure to appear by the defendant (Bar 2011); remedy How nen-appearance is ex¢U90 non eeotifcation and marking of viene nonns Legal effect representations and statements ‘nthe pre-trial Bee... . Bifect ef failuretofileapre-tial bri No termination of pre-trial for faire to sat One Dey Extminaton of Witness Rule (ar 2009; 2016). [Most Important Witness al (Bar 2016) ‘Questions aze tobe asked by the ude. Implied issues are deomed included inthe Distinctions between pre-trial in evil cases ‘and pre-trial in eriminal ease (BaP 2987 on. Preliminary conference under the Rules on Expedited ‘Procedures inthe First Level Cours (AM No, 088-780). Preliminary conference i the Court of Appeals ‘and Supreme Court. none ser 487 490 490 41 493 493 494 495B. Modis of Discovery. “Manning and purpose of scovery Duty ofthe court i relation tothe of discovery Maen dacvry ener te ie fet Oral Deposition. ‘Salient guidelines isthe taking of an oral deposition ‘Depositin upen written interrgatories Before whom tke nssoeoner Use of depositions ponding action. [Effect of substitution of parties... king af deposition of a pervon the deposition of person. Depositions before ation... Denpstustion ef testimony batons soon Depositons pending appeal... IL Interrogatories to Parties (Bar 2016) (Rule 26) Purpose af interrorstorie wo pute (Bar 2012; 2016. Distinguished froma billof particulars, " Distinguished from written interrogatories in @ deposition... ae Procedure (Ber 2018) : [Eflact of failure to serve writin interrogatories TIL Admission by Adverse Party (Bar 2016; 2018) (Rule 26) Purpose admission by adverse party. When requests made [ect of nt fling a writton request fr admission ‘Bar 2012) ect offailure to fle and serve a sworn statement of denial Bar 2018) enon Bilect of ad miso sn 610 510 510 on a 3 515 a6 a8 519 59 520 sz 2 522 saz 823 523 524 524 525 595 Deferment of compliance Withdrawal of admission... IV, Production or Inspection of Documents or ‘Things (tule 27) Purpose (Bar 2012)... Filing of a motion; erdor of the court wren Privileged documents V. Physical and Mental Examination of Persons ule 18) Applicability : Procedure a : Waiver of pilosa ‘VI Refusal to Comply with the Modes of Discovery ‘rule 29) A Refusalo answer any questios upon oral B. Refusal ganewer eigated cr pariclar questions ‘to submis to piysicl or mental examination... Refusal tobe sworn, z equealo ada. Failure o attend depositions orto serve ‘answers to interrogatories Bar 2010... REO (Chapter VITT ‘Trial, Demurrer to Evidence, and Judgment ‘A. Trial ‘Meaning of tit’. ‘ial and hearing ‘nen wie ie necesseryassaeenoary Ber 1980) Schedule of ral... Calendacing of Session hours. a Aijouraments and postpanemente Limitation on the authenity t adjourn... Postponement or continuance; not a maton af ight Postporement on the ground of sess Raception of widence z sar 27 508 529 580 sar 535 537 530 529 530 540 540 Bat 541‘Agreed statement of acts. ‘Onder of tril; odifcation ofthe order of tial, Tho RESPIR on Reopening thet a pry fr the purine intraducig further evidence Consolidation or severance (Bat 2011). Kinds of consolidations. 7 B, Demurrer to Evidence ‘Stage ofthe proceedings when demurrer t evidence is availed of. Ground fr a domurrr to evident one Est of denial ofthe demurrer to evideneoann EEdect of granting the demurrer to evidence... Failure w state a couse of action as distinguishes ‘ron feilare to prove caus: of action Demurter in « ivilease ae distingubhed irom '¢ demurrer ina criminal case Bar 2007)... C.dudgment Meaning ofa dgment nn Judgment ané decision Requisite of valid judgment... Orders granting or denying a motion to dime, Confit between the dispositive portion and ody ofthe dession Anbguty inthe jdemeas nets hdgmen. Resolutions ofthe Supreme Cott a. Interlocstory orders Questioning iterlccutory orders. Memorandim decisions (ar 2012) Meaning of rendition of judgment. Period within which to renders decision Extension of the period to render a decision ‘ugment penned bya judge who did not hear the evidenee ores Juigment penned ty a judge who had ceased to ‘bea jude. Judgment peaned bya judge who was transferred oa 542 waz oa 544 545 4s si 552 552 852 54 554 555 555 856 557 557 558 558 559 ‘Judgments ofthe Supreme Court pecedents... Reon stare devs ple ely te Suprene Court decision. Pro hacviceralings Mh niin a tarda jude (Compared nnn biter dictum ‘When ajudyment becomes fal Effect of final judgments, res judicata Amendment ofjudgment owplemental rigmenton Doctrine of immutability of judgments Bar 2011). Reasons forthe rule on immutability of judgments Remedios agunst a final and execwiory judgment; ‘exceptions tothe dctrine of immutability otjudgments ‘Meaning of judgment onthe merit™ Doctrine of lew af the ease. Several judgment. Separate judgment... Conditional judgment ‘edgment sin peruicio- ‘Fedgmaent nue pro tune Bar 2012; 2014) adgment ujon a compromise Bar 1996; 2012. ‘Sedgment upon a sonfoeionfegncuitacionen) iy. ow for then") D. Judgment onthe Pleadings (Bar 1976; 1995, 1898; 2014; 2015; 2016) [Nature of judgment on the pleadings... ‘Notion requied; resolving the motion Cases where judgment onthe pleadings will ot apply Summary Judgment atu uf eminay judgment Par 1086 1006 tooo, 190 2014; 2016 2016. Diatintione betwen a jsdgment cn the pleadings and summery odgment (Bar 198%, 2019) aly inet a erie Entry of ndement: Relevance of knowing the date ofthe entry ‘ofa judgment 573 815 815 595 516 57 519Chapter IX Post Judgment Remedi Remedies before a Judgment Becomes Final nd Executory ost judgment remedies eval tthe aggrieved party Bar 2008) ‘A. Motion for Reconsideration (Rule 37; ‘Bar 2008: 2014) 1 “Motion fr remaideratio in sal dima cans. Moton fr reconsideration in petition for ‘rst amparosnd habeas dato Moson fer ecensideration in environmental caus When te Et ofthe fing ata scion on the period appeal. Grounds fora motion or reonaderstion; tbat allege Proforma motion iar Bi enedy agains the order denying a ction fr recnsideratin. ied ‘Neper rule ‘The Neves rule has no application to non ud” prowedings = stat ae ape cial Order af denial not ppeaible tft of ranting a motion fr esconuderlon Parial eeonsideraton ‘The"Sinale Maton’ rule Gar 3513) Moton fr reconsideration n appeal cane; tay ofenceutias Qt 08 Bur SOs" aois 2015). B._ Motion for New Trial (Rule $7) Nature of new trial 7 ‘Motion for new tral in cases covered by summary procedure 35 siee gE 5 ‘Motion fr new tra in small daims case... - 800 ‘Motion for new tral in enviromental cass 00 ‘When tole 00 Blt ft ing fie ia abe pes Fem aft oo or now al 601 Grounds for amoten for new til (ar 2011)... 60% ‘Newcompliance with this requirement would ‘reduce the mation toa Anaivieloene ee Newly denered enon ronan Gree negligence ofcounvel nota ‘gound for new tial. Resolution of he motion. Denial the motion; the“Fresh Period” Rale.--. 003 (Order of denial, not appeslable. 603 Remedy when motion is denied 608 ‘ffet of granting the motion for new tial (Bae 2011) noe = 604 Partial new tal ‘04 Second motion for new tal 604 [New tral in eppealed cates 605 ‘APPEALS. General principles on appeal. Sedge ood ier re ppt Sesfnene order ther reer Specie (ar BOD 008 Remedy incon tose or al oder Saint appios on Rawely egal wn vir of ccna, Inmet my it id prem aes hence Brent be cna taal icceas coma feeetnciai— 1 ee B a SoeA. Appeal from Municipal Trial Courts to the ‘Regional Trial Courts (Rule 40) Where toappea fom a judgment or final ‘order ofa Municipal Court (Bar 2014). 22 ‘When to appeel. How to appeal contents ef notice of eppeal Perfection ofthe appeal. 2 Duty of the clerk ofourt of the RTC, Saat naman ‘il sore ig ie rack eration Sar 2010) 2s B. Appea trom the Regional Trial Coure To the Cour ot Appeni Rale 4) Mes cape rom the decison ofthe Regional "el Core Bar ane, 014 207 sa Mote opel ro the Repel Tal Gouri” Sour Sapp ar Suh 29) oe on Moise os the Repo Teal Gate tag Go on agpantin Ps ‘hen toappea 201 od Rowwpmtes : oe Gee a nt kop = eset junto é 1 ©. Petition for Review frm the Regional Til Courts o the Court ot peat tate 1 Applian of Ral Bonn Wen tape ‘ee Howes seal fa a Ss Biotin & . Appeal by Certiorer to the Supreme Court cr Petition for Review on Certo ‘ae Aopiation ofRale 4 Br 201 Proll feneten Ed Nota mater oh Es Questions of'aw; quetizns of fat (Bar 2018). Finding of fics, ot orinaily reviewed; estual ise bar cule Examples of sues of fat whi cannot be land ner Rule 45 Refer tothe Cour of Appeals. 3 When question fact ay be paid pn in Ble petlon a ‘Apestsineimina ease ‘Appeal tom ude een fr Wei of Ampere Cortiorar er Rae iat theertiovart tinder Rule 6 (Bar 1998 199) ‘When s Hule65 petitions treated wa le pation Wen tapped... When extention ofparied fi diowed. How toappeal : 2 E, Other Appeals/Reviews ‘Appeals from quasudicil bodies Rule 49) ‘Awardor juegment not stayed by the appeal. Review of decisions ofthe National Labor Relations ‘Commiscion (NLRC! (Bar 2006; 2013; 2017). ‘Decisicn not stayed bythe fling ofthe petition ‘Appeal tothe Supreme Cour - Review ot decisions of voluntary adbitratars Th labor eases. Appeals fron the Sandiganbayan.. Review of the rungs ofthe Ombusmea 206, 29) When docs ofthe Oda al nd ‘nape Injnain cederoy the Gout of Appeal agin! Office the Ombudsman. Appeas rom judgments ofthe Cour of Tax Appesis ‘Gar 2010) -Appesis fom judgineno of the Gv Service (Gar 2018) on [Appeals from judgmmonta of he Office of the President 222882 8 8 88 88%Review ofthe resolution ofthe Secretary of Justice; Tule for violations of tax and tarif laws. ‘Appeal tothe Ofieef the President from the decision ‘of the DOW. ae F. Mode of Appeal to the Supreme Court T—Remedies after a Judgment Has Become Fh ‘and Executory [A Petition for Relief fram Judemants Ordare ‘or Other Proceedings (Rule 38) Nature ofthe petitiog Grows fr aft ri pop cout Extrinsic aud, concept (Bar 2011)... Potion is availabe oly ts the pation Form ofthe potion aot of merit. Order to enawer ns Hearing othe pelton. ‘Acton athe cour. Preliminary injunction pording ihe petition for slid ‘Me putin fr cin the Gutoened Exec na Sat top tition for vel in sui etion fe een environmental cases re small B. Annulment of Judgments, Final Ord. Resolutions (Rule 47) Nature ofthe action (Court in which action is commenced Grounds fi aneument (Br 2014; 2016, Bxtrnae aud Forgery o perjury. Lack urediction Peried for fling the action. ‘Whomay ile the action... Efe of a judgment of annsiment ‘Remedy when the questioned judgment has stray Deen execsted Application of Rule 47; anralaseat of judgnentsof the MTC, ‘Annulment of judgment of quasi judicial bien eon ona en, era om 85 615, ee ere 6 or oe ero ono 67 ©. Certiorari Rule 65) [Noture ofthe remedy @ar 201). ces 088 CCertiorari under Rule 65%8 not an appeal : 692 Sodicialdiserstion een at cn 698 Motion for reensideratien an) ceptions tothe re requiring tin or ‘reconsideration 04 Material Dats Date) Rule. 695 Certifiation against forum shopping 696 ‘Sorladiion Gar 2013 obeervanceot hierarchy Of COU sennnnnntnnmnnen 696 CGertiorari dove not intervapt the pinsipal cae 607 Remedy in oder to interrupt the coarse ofthe principal cas n = oor CGartiorart tinder the Goratituion and the Rules ‘of Court the expanded eancepis of eertiorari and prohibition in relation tothe power a judicial review... 697 Won aption fr decay ret roper and Tne a petition 0 ertiorot enn 02 D. Collateral Attack of a Judgment Distneon between a ict tack rom cliteral ‘tiack 08 Chapter X Buccution and Satisfaction of Judgments Meaning of execution... Meson Ssecterratie Eee aten See eure ae neem 7 ae iano ona ee eesti Sacra nee asa seeder Se mRevival of judgment (BaF 1997) x-men ‘Venue ofan action te revive a judgment = ‘When the five-year period ls interrupted (Bar 1998)... When the fve-and 10-year perieds donot apply. Stay of exacution of judgments exceptions. ‘Judgments not stayed by appeal... Discretionary execution (Ear 1991; 1908). Discretionary execution isto be etrity construed. Good reasons. Frivlous appeal as reason for dscrelionary exeetion Posting ofbond as reason for dssretcnary ‘execttion Bar 1991). Financial distress as reason for discretionary Where toile an appcation for discretionary execution Remedy where the judgment subject to discretionary ‘execution ie reversed or anaulled een ‘Execution incase the judgment sbligee dies Exectionin cave the judgment oir is iow to execute judgments for money; eummary_ Money judgment ar enoreabe on aginst. Prerety of edgar dele Garnishment of debts and credits. Lew of encumbered property. Eifet of levy ard sale of propery. . ‘Execution ofa judgment forthe performance ‘pec act. Execution or a judgment fr the delivery or ectitution of real property (Bar 1995). CContemptis nota remedy = anor impovenent onthe property Property exemps from execition (Bar 1981) Whea the property mentioned isnot exemn! trom execution vs Proceedings when property levied upon i claimed by third persons terceria (Bar 1982; 1864; 1998; 2011 Miscellaneous principles tobe remembered ia ‘execution sles, ia Sale and redemption of real property (Bar 39). na ne ns ma ma ms 25 mi m9 m0 BO na 73 ma M4 78 ns 76 mm ™ 9 19 ua U8 ifectifno redemption is made Rants, incoms and earnings ofthe property 48 ‘ending the redemption.....- = M6 Remeds when the judgment is unsatisfied (Dar 1985; 200252008) aaneenennnnie 48 Chapter XI Miscellaneous Rules ‘A. malt Giaums Uases (Hasie Features) ‘AM, Ns 0687.5 (Th Rus on Expdted Procedures inde First Level Court) wonnnn us aes 50 a 750 750 Grmmenceret ete cam: Statement of clams 12 Vee ‘Action ofthe cour, dsmiscal HeatinglPcciponenent Kosei alrntve eworfroncing atorm Decisien Execution. Appeal. ee Reminders eee B. Basic Features of the Barangay Conciliation Proceedings asic Princes 2 Frovedngs bf te barangay ae studi roeeings Importance of brsng concn prccdigs tara No matt prepro ee eee peer ee Xoncplane: wih enn powegs ferediionl : sues mare cleat a 00 Nene. Initiation of proceedingsereonal pearance of patie son artes tothe proceedings. Form of settlement Effet of amicable setlement and award; repudiotion Repudiation ofthe settlement nr Bxecationof award or settlement ar 2013). (Cave Tie Indes, ™ mm ma m4 15 ™ Chapter | GENERAL PRINCIPLES I REMEDIAL LAW AND THE RULES OF COURT Concept of remedial law; sources 1, Remedial law, sz commonly understood, refers to the rules which provide the system for the protection of rights, the prevention of the vielation of such rights and the ean of redress for such violations, Such rules also provide the methods for the enforcement of obligations recognized by few sind lay vut ive procedure by whish suite ore Blody tied, ‘and decided upon by the courts of justice. 2, Stated in some ether way, romodial law provides the “means and methods whereby causes of action may be fffectuated, wrongs redressed and roliefs obtained” (Black's ‘Law Dictionary, th Ea, 1162, citing Schmitt v. Jenkins Truck Lines, In, 260 lowa 586, 149 N.W.24 789, 792). 8. The Riles of Court, as amended by AM, No. 19. 10.20.80, promulgated by the Supreme Court, constitutes the main source of remedial law in the Philippince. It isnot, however, the only source. Rules of procedure may come from frevlers and administrative issuances of the Supreme Court Procedural rules are also embodied in some provisions of the ‘Philippine Cons:itution and even in some statutes passed by the legislature. ‘Substantive law distinguished from remedial law (Bar 2006) 1. Remedial law isnot substantive aw. Substantive law ‘creates, defines, and regulates rights and duties concerning