Test Bank for Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures – 3-Volume Set,

Test Bank for Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic

Positioning and Procedures – 3-Volume Set, 14th
Edition, Bruce W. Long, Jeannean Hall Rollins,
Barbara J. Smith

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Chapter 07: Lower Extremity
Long: Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures, 14th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The bone of the foot indicated by the arrow in this figure is the:

a. navicular.
b. talus.
c. calcaneus.
d. medial cuneiform.
ANS: A

2. The bone of the foot indicated by the arrow in this figure is the:

a. navicular.
b. talus.
c. calcaneus.
d. medial cuneiform.
ANS: B

3. The aspect of the foot shown in this figure is the:

a. dorsal.
b. plantar.
c. medial.
 d. lateral.
ANS: C

4. How many bones are in the foot?

a. 14
b. 26
c. 27
d. 29
ANS: B

5. How many phalanges are in the foot?

a. 5
b. 7
c. 14
d. 26
ANS: C

6. The superior surface of the foot is termed the _____ surface.

a. dorsal
b. plantar
c. anterior
d. superior
ANS: A

7. The inferior aspect of the foot is termed the _____ surface.

a. posterior
b. caudal
c. dorsal
d. plantar
ANS: D

8. How many phalanges are in the great toe?

a. None
b. One
c. Two
d. Three
ANS: C

9. How many metatarsal bones are in the foot?

a. Four
b. Five
c. Six
d. Seven
ANS: B

10. How many tarsal bones are in the foot?

 a. Four
b. Five
c. Six
d. Seven
ANS: D

11. The largest and strongest tarsal bone is the:

a. calcaneus.
b. navicular.
c. medial cuneiform.
d. lateral cuneiform.
ANS: A

12. The second largest tarsal bone, and the one that occupies the highest position in the foot, is
the:
a. talus.
b. navicular.
c. calcaneus.
d. medial cuneiform.
ANS: A

13. The second largest bone in the body is the:

a. hip.
b. tibia.
c. femur.
d. skull.
ANS: B

14. How many bones make up the leg?

a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
ANS: A

15. The bone part identified by the arrow in this figure is the:
 a. lateral condyle.
b. medial condyle.
c. lateral malleolus.
d. medial malleolus.
ANS: C

16. The bone part identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

a. medial epicondyle.
b. tibial tuberosity.
c. medial malleolus.
d. medial condyle.
ANS: D

17. The largest and strongest bone in the body is the:

a. tibia.
b. femur.
c. hip.
 d. skull.
ANS: B

18. The bone part identified in this figure is the:

a. lateral condyle.
b. lateral malleolus.
c. medial condyle.
d. medial epicondyle.
ANS: C

19. The bone part identified in this figure is the:

a. lateral condyle.
 b. medial condyle.
c. greater trochanter.
d. lesser trochanter.
ANS: D

20. The area identified on the patella in this figure is the:

a. apex.
b. base.
c. inferior articulating surface.
d. superior articulating surface.
ANS: A

21. The name of the small round bones located on the plantar surface of the foot, typically
beneath the first MTP joint, is the:
a. cuneiforms.
b. sesamoids.
c. tarsals.
d. epicondyles.
ANS: B

22. All of the following forms the ankle mortise, except:

a. lateral malleolus of the fibula.
b. medial surface of the tibia.
c. inferior surface of the tibia.
d. medial malleolus of the tibia.
ANS: B

23. The bone identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

 a. tibia.
b. cuboid.
c. talus.
d. navicular.
ANS: B

24. How many degrees of angulation are required to open the IP joint spaces of the toes on an
AP projection?
a. 0
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
ANS: C

25. How many degrees are the lower leg and foot rotated for the AP oblique projection of the
toes in medial rotation?
a. 10 to 15
b. 20 to 25
c. 40 to 60
d. 30 to 45
ANS: D

26. The central-ray angulation for an AP oblique projection of the toes is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees posteriorly.
c. 10 degrees posteriorly.
d. 15 degrees posteriorly.
ANS: A

27. For an AP projection of the toes, the central ray is directed to the:
a. second IP joint
b. second MTP joint
c. third MTP joint
d. base of the third metatarsal
ANS: C

28. How is the patient placed for a lateral projection of the great toe and second toe?
a. Supine, with the affected leg turned out
b. Supine, with the affected leg turned in
c. Lateral, on the affected side
d. Recumbent, on the unaffected side
ANS: D

29. What is the patient position for a lateral projection of the third, fourth, or fifth toes?
a. Supine, with the leg and foot laterally rotated
b. 45 degrees oblique, with the leg and foot laterally rotated
c. Lateral recumbent, on the affected side
 d. Lateral recumbent, on the unaffected side
ANS: C

30. To better demonstrate the TMT joint spaces of the foot, a posterior angulation of how
many degrees is required?
a. 0
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
ANS: B

31. The central ray is directed to which of the following for an AP or AP axial projection of
the foot?
a. Head of the second metatarsal
b. Head of the third metatarsal
c. Base of the third metatarsal
d. Base of the fourth metatarsal
ANS: C

32. The most commonly performed oblique projection of the foot is the _____ oblique in
_____.
a. AP; medial rotation
b. AP; lateral rotation
c. PA; medial rotation
d. PA; Grashey method
ANS: A

33. For an AP oblique projection of the foot in either medial or lateral rotation, the plantar
surface of the foot should form an angle of:
a. 15 degrees.
b. 30 degrees.
c. 45 degrees.
d. 60 degrees.
ANS: B

34. The central ray for an AP oblique projection of the foot is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees posteriorly.
c. 10 degrees posteriorly.
d. 15 degrees posteriorly.
ANS: A

35. Which of the following will clearly demonstrate the cuboid?

a. AP
b. Lateral
c. AP oblique in lateral rotation
d. AP oblique in medial rotation
 ANS: D

36. For a lateral projection of the foot, the central ray is directed to the:
a. head of the third metatarsal.
b. base of the third metatarsal.
c. tibiotalar joint.
d. navicular.
ANS: B

37. Which lateral projection of the foot is the most commonly performed?
a. Lateromedial (lateral recumbent position)
b. Mediolateral (lateral recumbent position)
c. Lateromedial (standing weight-bearing)
d. Mediolateral (standing weight-bearing)
ANS: B

38. Which projections of the foot will best demonstrate the structural status of the longitudinal
arch?
a. AP axial
b. AP oblique medial rotation
c. Lateral (lateromedial)
d. Lateral (lateromedial) weight-bearing
ANS: D

39. Which projection is demonstrated in this photograph?

a. PA foot
b. AP axial foot
c. Axial calcaneus (plantodorsal)
d. Axial calcaneus (dorsoplantar)
ANS: C

40. What is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus?
a. 25 degrees
b. 30 degrees
 c. 35 degrees
d. 40 degrees
ANS: D

41. For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar
surface of the foot is:
a. parallel with the central ray.
b. perpendicular to the central ray.
c. 70 degrees from the plane of the IR.
d. 90 degrees from the plane of the IR.
ANS: D

42. The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the calcaneus is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees cephalad.
c. 10 degrees cephalad.
d. 5 to 10 degrees cephalad.
ANS: A

43. Which of the following is the essential lateral projection of the calcaneus?
a. Lateral (lateromedial)
b. Lateral (mediolateral)
c. Lateromedial oblique
d. Lateromedial oblique, weight-bearing
ANS: B

44. The central-ray angulation for the AP ankle projection is:

a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees caudad.
c. 10 degrees caudad.
d. 15 to 20 degrees caudad.
ANS: A

45. For an AP projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:
a. talus.
b. subtalar joint.
c. talofibular joint.
d. ankle joint, midway between the malleoli.
ANS: D

46. Which of the following is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle?
a. Tibiotalar
b. Lateral malleoli
c. Ankle mortise
d. Tibiofibular overlapping
ANS: C
47. To prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the
ankle?
a. In dorsiflexion
b. In plantar flexion
c. On a 10-degree angle wedge
d. On a 15-degree angle wedge
ANS: A

48. The central-ray angle for a lateral projection of the ankle is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees cephalad.
c. 7 degrees cephalad.
d. 10 degrees caudad.
ANS: A

49. For a lateral projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:
a. navicular.
b. tibiofibular joint.
c. medial malleolus.
d. lateral malleolus.
ANS: C

50. Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle?
a. Directly over the tibia
b. Behind the tibia
c. Over the anterior half of the tibia
d. Over the posterior half of the tibia
ANS: D

51. All of the following must be rotated for all oblique projections of the ankle, except:
a. pelvis.
b. knee joint.
c. foot.
d. leg.
ANS: A

52. To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many
degrees?
a. 10
b. 25
c. 45
d. 15 to 20
ANS: D

53. When the malleoli of the ankle are positioned parallel with the IR, the ankle is in position
for which projection?
 a. AP
b. AP oblique, 45-degree lateral rotation
c. AP oblique, 45-degree medial rotation
d. AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise
ANS: D

54. The medial and lateral oblique projections of the ankle require the leg and foot to be
rotated how many degrees?
a. 15
b. 20
c. 45
d. 30
ANS: C

55. Which ankle projection will clearly demonstrate the ankle mortise in profile?
a. AP
b. AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation
c. AP oblique, 45-degree internal rotation
d. AP oblique, 45-degree external rotation
ANS: B

56. The central-ray angulation for an AP oblique projection of the ankle is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees caudad.
c. 7 degrees caudad.
d. 15 degrees caudad.
ANS: A

57. Which projection will clearly demonstrate the joint spaces between the talus and both
malleoli?
a. AP
b. AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation
c. AP oblique, 45-degree internal rotation
d. AP oblique, 45-degree external rotation
ANS: B

58. Which projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or
eversion injury?
a. AP and lateral
b. AP and both obliques
c. AP stress studies
d. AP, lateral, and both obliques
ANS: C

59. What is the central-ray angle for an AP projection of the leg?

a. 0 degrees
b. 5 degrees caudad
 c. 7 degrees caudad
d. 5 to 7 degrees cephalad
ANS: A

60. What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP
projection?
a. Perpendicular to the IR
b. Parallel to the IR
c. At a 15- to 20-degree oblique position (laterally)
d. At a 15- to 20-degree oblique position (medially)
ANS: B

61. How far should the IR or collimated field extend beyond the ankle or knee joint for an AP
projection of the leg?
a. to 1 inch
b. 1 to 2 inches
c. 1 to 1 inches
d. 2 to 2 inches

ANS: C

62. Often, the leg is too long to fit on one IR for radiographs. Which joint or joints should be
included on the IR when the site of a lesion is known?
a. The ankle joint
b. The knee joint
c. Both joints on two IRs
d. The joint closest to the lesion
ANS: D

63. Which of the following objects should be available in the radiography room for
performing radiographs of the lower limb?
1. Angle sponges
2. Sandbags
3. Pull straps
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D

64. Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the leg?
1. Knee joint
2. Ankle joint
3. Entire femoral condyles
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
 d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: A

65. Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the knee?

a. inch above the patellar apex
b. 1 inch above the patellar apex
c. inch below the patellar apex
d. 1 inch below the patellar apex
ANS: C

66. When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection, the patella will lie:
a. directly in the center of the limb.
b. slightly to the medial side.
c. slightly to the lateral side.
d. parallel with the tabletop.
ANS: B

67. Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the knee?
a. inch above the patellar base
b. inch above the patellar apex
c. inch below the patellar base
d. inch below the patellar apex
ANS: D

68. When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is between 19 and 24 cm, the central-ray
angulation for an AP knee is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees cephalad.
c. 5 degrees caudad.
d. 7 degrees cephalad.
ANS: A

69. When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is greater than 24 cm, the central-ray angulation
for an AP knee is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees cephalad.
c. 5 degrees caudad.
d. 7 degrees cephalad.
ANS: B

70. When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is less than 19 cm, the central-ray angulation for
an AP knee is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees cephalad.
c. 5 degrees caudad.
 d. 7 degrees caudad.
ANS: C

71. How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?
a. 10 degrees
b. 45 degrees
c. 10 to 20 degrees
d. 20 to 30 degrees
ANS: D

72. Which of the following will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral
projection?
1. Epicondyles perpendicular to the IR
2. Patella perpendicular to the IR
3. Leg flexed 20 to 30 degrees
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D

73. The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 3 to 5 degrees cephalad.
c. dependent upon the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement.
d. 5 to 7 degrees cephalad.
ANS: D

74. Which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the narrowing of a joint
space?
a. AP
b. AP oblique
c. Lateral
d. AP of both knees with weight-bearing
ANS: D

75. Valgus and varus deformities of the knee can be evaluated with which of the following
projections?
a. AP
b. AP oblique
c. PA, bilateral weight-bearing
d. AP, bilateral weight-bearing
ANS: D

76. The central-ray angle for an AP, bilateral weight-bearing knee is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 to 7 degrees cephalad.
 c. 5 to 7 degrees caudad.
d. dependent upon the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement.
ANS: A

77. The central-ray angle for AP oblique projections of the knee is:
a. 0 degrees.
b. 5 degrees caudad.
c. 7 degrees cephalad.
d. variable, depending on the ASIS-to-tabletop distance.
ANS: D

78. For an AP oblique projection of the knee, the limb is rotated _____ degrees.
a. 25
b. 30
c. 45
d. 40
ANS: C

79. Which of the following is clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee in
medial rotation?
a. Distal fibula
b. Tibiotalar articulation
c. Patellofemoral joint space
d. Tibiofibular articulation
ANS: D

80. The patient position and central ray shown in this figure will demonstrate the:

a. patella.
b. patellofemoral joint.
c. intercondylar fossa.
d. tibiofibular joint space.
ANS: C

81. How is the central ray directed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the
intercondylar fossa?
 a. Perpendicular to the lower leg
b. Perpendicular to the femur
c. 40 to 50 degrees to lower leg
d. 40 to 50 degrees to the femur
ANS: A

82. Which of the following positions can be used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa using
the Holmblad method?
1. Standing (horizontal central ray)
2. Kneeling on the table (vertical central ray)
3. Standing with knee on stool (vertical central ray)
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D

83. The patient position and central-ray method demonstrated in this figure is the:

a. Holmblad (intercondylar fossa).

b. Camp-Coventry (intercondylar fossa).
c. Settegast (patellofemoral joint).
d. Hughston (patellofemoral joint).
ANS: B

84. In which position is the patient placed for a PA projection of the patella?
a. Supine
b. Prone
c. Lateral
d. Upright
ANS: B

85. To place the patella parallel with the plane of the IR for a PA projection, the heel must be
rotated:
a. 5 to 10 degrees laterally.
 b. 5 to 10 degrees medially.
c. 10 to 15 degrees laterally.
d. 10 to 15 degrees medially.
ANS: A

86. What is the central-ray angle for a PA projection of the patella?

a. 0 degrees
b. 5 degrees cephalad
c. 10 degrees cephalad
d. 5 to 15 degrees cephalad
ANS: A

87. Where should the central ray be directed for a PA projection of the patella?
a. Inch below the patella
b. Midpopliteal area
c. Base of the patella
d. Apex of the patella
ANS: B

88. How much is the knee flexed for a lateral projection of the patella?
a. 0 degrees
b. 3 to 5 degrees
c. 3 to 7 degrees
d. 5 to 10 degrees
ANS: D

89. What is the central-ray angle for a lateral projection of the patella?
a. 0 degrees
b. 5 degrees cephalad
c. 7 degrees cephalad
d. 10 degrees cephalad
ANS: A

90. Where does the central ray enter the knee for a lateral projection of the patella?
a. Posterior margin of the medial epicondyle
b. Anterior margin of the medial epicondyle
c. Through the patellofemoral joint space
d. Directly to the lateral aspect of the patella
ANS: C

91. Which of the following is the essential method of demonstrating the patella in the
tangential projection?
a. Merchant
b. Settegast
c. Hughston
d. Kuchendorf
 ANS: B

92. The projection of the patella demonstrated in this figure is the:

a. Hughston.
b. Merchant.
c. Settegast.
d. Holmblad.
ANS: C

93. Which of the following positions can be used to perform the tangential projection
(Settegast method) of the patella?
1. Seated
2. Supine
3. Prone
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D

94. The preferred method of positioning the patient for the tangential projection (Settegast
method) of the patella is:
a. prone.
b. supine.
c. seated on the table.
d. seated at the end of the table.
ANS: A

95. Where is the central ray directed for the tangential projection (Settegast method) of the
patella?
a. Through the patellofemoral joint space
b. To the anterior aspect of the patella
c. At the level of the femoral condyles
d. To the apex of the patella
ANS: A
 96. What is the degree of angulation for the tangential projection of the patella (Settegast
method)?
a. 30 degrees
b. 45 degrees
c. Perpendicular to the long axis of the femur
d. Variable—depending on the degree of knee flexion
ANS: D

97. What is the central-ray angle for an AP projection of the femur?

a. 0 degrees
b. 5 degrees
c. 7 degrees
d. Variable—depending on body habitus
ANS: A

98. How many degrees should the limb be internally rotated for an AP projection of the
femur?
a. 10
b. 15
c. 18
d. 10 to 20
ANS: B

99. How far should the IR/collimated field extend below the knee for a lateral projection of
the femur?
a. 1 inch
b. 2 inches
c. 3 inches
d. 4 inches
ANS: B

100. If a lateral projection of the femur will include the hip joint, where should the top of the
IR/collimated field be placed?
a. Level of the iliac crest
b. Level of the greater trochanter
c. Anterior superior iliac spine
d. Level of the pubic symphysis
ANS: C

101. How far should the patient be rolled posteriorly from the lateral position, for a lateral
projection of the hip that will include the proximal femur?
a. 5 to 10 degrees
b. 10 to 15 degrees
c. 15 to 20 degrees
d. 20 to 25 degrees
ANS: B
102. The superior portion of the calcaneus contains a groove called the calcaneal sulcus. The
inferior portion of the talus contains a matching groove called the sulcus tali. Collectively,
these two sulci form the:
a. trochlea.
b. ankle mortise.
c. sinus tarsi.
d. sustentaculum tali.
ANS: C

103. Which tarsal bone lies directly anterior to the talus?

a. Cuboid
b. Navicular
c. Medial cuneiform
d. Lateral cuneiform
ANS: B

104. On which aspect of the foot does the cuboid lie?

a. Lateral
b. Medial
c. Superior
d. Inferior
ANS: A

105. The talus articulates with how many bones?

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
ANS: D

106. The proximal end of the tibia presents two prominent processes called the:
a. tubercles.
b. condyles.
c. malleoli.
d. tuberosities.
ANS: B

107. The two flat, superior surfaces of the tibia are called the:
a. tubercles.
b. malleoli.
c. condyles.
d. tibial plateaus.
ANS: D

108. The tibial plateaus slope _____ 10 to 20 degrees.

a. anteriorly
b. posteriorly
 c. laterally
d. medially
ANS: B

109. On the anterior surface of the tibia is a prominent process called the:
a. body.
b. anterior border.
c. tibial tuberosity.
d. intercondylar eminence.
ANS: C

110. When the femur is vertical, the medial condyle is lower than the lateral condyle. How
many degrees difference is there between the two?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 5 to 7
d. 8 to 10
ANS: C

111. Posteriorly, the femoral condyles are separated by a deep depression called the:
a. popliteal surface.
b. intercondylar eminence.
c. patellar surface.
d. intercondylar fossa.
ANS: D

112. The area identified on this figure is the:

a. patella surface.
b. intercondylar eminence.
c. intercondylar fossa.
d. tibial tuberosity.
ANS: A

113. The area identified on the ankle illustration above is the:

 a. medial malleolus.
b. lateral malleolus.
c. anterior tubercle.
d. lateral tubercle.
ANS: C

114. Which anatomic part must be identified on lateral radiographs of the knee in order to
identify over- or under-rotation?
a. Adductor tubercle
b. Lateral condyle
c. Medial condyle
d. An open patellofemoral joint space
ANS: A

115. The circular fibrocartilage disks or pads that lie on the tibial plateaus are called the:
a. bursae.
b. menisci.
c. articular cartilages.
d. articular capsules.
ANS: B

116. The ligament identified in this figure is the:

 a. posterior cruciate.
b. anterior cruciate.
c. tibial collateral.
d. fibular collateral.
ANS: A

117. Which projection of the foot will show the cuboid in profile?
a. AP
b. Lateral
c. AP oblique, lateral rotation
d. AP oblique, medial rotation
ANS: D

118. Where is the central ray directed for a lateral projection of the calcaneus?
a. 1 inch distal to the medial malleolus
b. 2 inches distal to the medial malleolus
c. 1 inch posterior to the medial malleolus
d. 2 inches posterior to the medial malleolus
ANS: A

119. Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of knees, weight-bearing?
a. inch below the apices of the patellae
b. 1 inch below the apices of the patellae
c. 1 inches below the apices of the patellae
d. 2 inches below the apices of the patellae
ANS: A

120. If the knee is flexed 40 degrees for the PA axial intercondylar fossa (Camp-Coventry)
projection, how many degrees is the central ray angled?
a. 0
b. 40
c. 50
 d. 40 to 50
ANS: B

121. How much is the knee flexed for a lateral projection?

a. 5 to 10 degrees
b. 15 to 20 degrees
c. 20 to 30 degrees
d. 30 to 45 degrees
ANS: C

122. Which part of the knee is identified on this figure?

a. Medial meniscus
b. Lateral meniscus
c. Tibial collateral ligament
d. Fibular collateral ligament
ANS: A

123. The only ball-and-socket joint in the foot is the:

a. ankle mortise.
b. tarsometatarsal.
c. calcaneocuboid.
d. talocalcaneonavicular.
ANS: D

124. All of the joints of the foot are synovial (freely movable) except the:
a. femorotibial.
b. patellofemoral.
c. distal tibiofibular.
d. proximal tibiofibular.
ANS: C

125. What type of joint is the ankle mortise?

 a. Synovial—gliding
b. Synovial—hinge
c. Synovial—ellipsoidal
d. Synovial—ball and socket
ANS: B

126. Which of the following bones does not bear body weight?
a. Tibia
b. Fibula
c. Navicular
d. Calcaneus
ANS: B

127. An avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal is called a ____ fracture.
a. Pott
b. Colles
c. Jones
d. Boxer
ANS: C

128. The incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity is known as:
a. osteosarcoma.
b. osteomalacia.
c. Paget disease.
d. Osgood-Schlatter disease.
ANS: D

129. What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

a. First metatarsophalangeal joint

b. Proximal interphalangeal joint of first digit
c. Distal interphalangeal joint of first digit
d. Interphalangeal joint of first digit
 ANS: A

130. The group of bones labeled as G in the image below are the:

a. phalanges.
b. metatarsals.
c. digits.
d. tarsals.
ANS: D

131. Letter H in the image below labels the:

a. navicular.
b. cuboid.
c. talus.
d. lateral cuneiform.
ANS: B
132. What is the projection and anatomy of interest depicted in the image below?

a. AP axial calcaneus
b. AP calcaneus
c. Plantodorsal axial calcaneus
d. Superoinferior axial calcaneus
ANS: C

133. What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

a. Tibiotalar joint
b. Tibiofibular joint
c. Sinus tarsi
d. Tibiocalcaneal joint
ANS: A

134. What anatomy is labeled as letter D in the image below?

 a. Tibia
b. Fibula
c. Talus
d. Calcaneus
ANS: C

135. What anatomy is labeled as letter B in the image below?

a. Sinus tarsi
b. Sustentaculum tali
c. Navicular
d. Tibiotalar joint
ANS: A

136. What anatomy is labeled as letter E in the image below?

a. Sinus tarsi
b. Sustentaculum tali
c. Navicular
d. Tibiotalar joint
ANS: C
137. What anatomy is labeled as letter E in the image below?

a. Sinus tarsi
b. Tibiotalar joint
c. Mortise joint
d. Medial malleolus
ANS: C

138. How is the lower limb positioned to obtain the projection in the image below?

a. 30- to 45-degree medial rotation

b. 15- to 20-degree medial rotation
c. 30- to 45-degree lateral rotation
d. 15- to 20-degree lateral rotation
ANS: B

139. What anatomy is labeled with the letter D in the image below?
 a. Lateral malleolus
b. Medial malleolus
c. Talus
d. Tibiotalar joint
ANS: B

140. What anatomy is labeled with the letter B in the image below?

a. Lateral malleolus
b. Medial malleolus
c. Talus
d. Tibiotalar joint
ANS: A

141. What is needed to complete the projection of the leg in the image below?
 a. Nothing. This is a complete projection
b. An AP of the knee and proximal leg
c. An AP of the ankle and distal leg
d. A lateral projection of the knee
ANS: B

142. The anatomy labeled with letter E in the image below is the:

a. medial femoral condyle.

b. lateral tibial condyle.
c. medial tibial condyle.
d. lateral tibial plateau.
ANS: D

143. The anatomy labeled with letter F in the image below is the:
 a. tibial tuberosity.
b. intercondylar eminence.
c. medial malleolus.
d. lateral malleolus.
ANS: B

144. What is the central-ray direction needed to produce the image below?

a. Perpendicular
b. 3 to 5 degrees cephalad
c. 5 to 7 degrees cephalad
d. Central-ray angle depends upon patient size
ANS: C

145. Where does the central ray enter the patient in the image below?
 a. Inch below the patellar apex
b. 1 inch below the patellar apex
c. Inch proximal to the medial epicondyle
d. 1 inch distal to the medial epicondyle
ANS: D

146. What lower limb position is required to obtain the image below?

a. Anatomic position
b. 45-degree medial rotation
c. 45-degree lateral rotation
d. Tibial epicondyles perpendicular to IR
ANS: B

147. What anatomy is labeled with the letter B in the image below?
 a. Lateral femoral condyle
b. Lateral tibial condyle
c. Proximal tibiofibular joint
d. Tibial tuberosity
ANS: C

148. What anatomy is labeled with the letter C in the image below?

a. Greater trochanter
b. Lesser trochanter
c. Femoral head
d. Femoral neck
ANS: A

149. What is the projection and anatomy of interest in the image below?
 a. AP proximal femur
b. AP distal femur
c. Lateral proximal femur
d. Lateral distal femur
ANS: A

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Which bones comprise the leg? (Select all that apply.)

a. Femur
b. Fibula
c. Humerus
d. Tibia
ANS: B, D

2. The fibula articulates with the tibia at the: (Select all that apply.)
a. distal end.
b. proximal end.
c. posterior surface.
d. lateral surface.
ANS: A, B

3. Which two are essential projections of the calcaneus? (Select all that apply.)
a. Axial (dorsoplantar)
b. Lateral (mediolateral)
c. Axial (plantodorsal)
d. Lateral (lateromedial)
ANS: B, C
4. Which two are the essential oblique projections of the ankle? (Select all that apply.)
a. AP oblique, 15-to 20-degree lateral rotation
b. AP oblique, 15-to 20-degree medial rotation
c. AP oblique, 45-degree lateral rotation
d. AP oblique, 45-degree medial rotation
ANS: B, D

5. Which two specific projections of the ankle are performed to diagnose a tear of the medial
or lateral ligament? (Select all that apply.)
a. AP, eversion stress
b. AP, inversion stress
c. AP oblique, eversion stress
d. AP oblique, inversion stress
ANS: A, B

6. Which two of the following methods are used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Holmblad (PA axial)
b. Settegast (Tangential)
c. Camp-Coventry (PA axial)
d. Hughston (Tangential)
ANS: A, C

7. Which two of the following are required to position the knee correctly for the lateral
projection of the patella? (Select all that apply.)
a. Patella is perpendicular to the IR
b. 20-degree flexion
c. Epicondyles are superimposed
d. 30-degree flexion
ANS: A, C

8. Which two of these are options for knee flexion for the tangential projection (Settegast
method) of the patella when obtained with the patient in prone position? (Select all that
apply.)
a. 50 degrees from the table
b. 50 degrees from the CR
c. As much as possible
d. Until the patella is perpendicular to the IR
ANS: C, D

9. Which two of the following are the allowed amount of knee flexion for the PA axial
intercondylar fossa (Camp-Coventry) projection? (Select all that apply.)
a. 20 degrees
b. 30 degrees
c. 40 degrees
d. 50 degrees
Test Bank for Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures – 3-Volume Set,

ANS: C, D

10. Which two of the following projections would benefit from the use of a compensating
filter? (Select all that apply.)
a. Lateral calcaneus
b. Axial calcaneus
c. AP foot
d. AP toes
ANS: B, C

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