THE EGYPTIANS

Daniela Canales, Cecilia Mortera, Rodrigo

Villegas and Sebastián Jiménez

ARCHAIC PERIOD OF TINIS 3300-2800 B. C.

UPPER EGYPT WAS VICTORIOUS OVER
LOWER EGYPT, UNDER THE LEADERSHIP
OF THE SCORPION KING . KING NEMES
PROCLAIMED HIMSELF PHARAOH OF
UNIFIED EGYPT AND ESTABLISHED THE
CAPITAL IN THE CITY OF TINIS, FROM
WHERE THE FIRST TWO DYNASTIES OF
PHARAOHS RULED.

ANCIENT EMPIRE OF MEMPHIS

2800-2100 B. C. THE THIRD DYNASTY MOVED THE CAPITAL TO THE CITY OF
MEMPHIS AND UNDERTOOK GREAT CONSTRUCTION
THROUGHOUT THE KINGDOM. THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD,
THE DIFFERENT DYNASTIES WERE EXPANDING THE KINGDOM
AND INCORPORATING NEW TERRITORIES THROUGH
CONQUESTS AND TRADE. THE PHARAOHS CHEOPS, KHAFRE
AND MENKAURE BUILT THE GREAT PYRAMIDS OF GIZA. THE
NEWLY ANNEXED TERRITORIES WERE GOVERNED BY VIZIERS
UNDER THE ORDERS OF THE PHARAOH. AROUND 2300 B.C.
C., THE VIZIERS WERE LEFT WITH THE POWER OF THEIR
TERRITORIES AND EGYPT LOST ITS UNITY.

THEBES MIDDLE EMPIRE 2100-1580 B. C.

THE PRINCES OF UPPER EGYPT REUNIFIED THE
TERRITORY AND ESTABLISHED THEIR CAPITAL IN
THEBES. HOWEVER, DISPUTES AROSE
BETWEEN THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH OVER
THE GOVERNMENT AND THE DESERT PEOPLES
INVADED DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE KINGDOM.
THE CRISIS DIVIDED THE EMPIRE INTO
DIFFERENT KINGDOMS AND EGYPT AGAIN LOST
ITS UNITY.

1580-1100 A. C. NEW EMPIRE OF THEBES

THE PRINCES OF THEBES MANAGED
TO DEFEAT THE PEOPLES OF THE
LIBYAN DESERT AND REUNIFIED
EGYPT. PHARAOHS AMENHOTEP II
AND RAMSES II RESUMED
TERRITORIAL EXPANSION AND
CONQUERED TERRITORIES IN ASIA.

SAIS LOW PERIOD 1100-332 A. C.

NEW CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE UPPER CLASSES OF MILITARY
LEADERS AND PRIESTS LED TO A POLITICAL CRISIS, WHICH
WAS COMPOUNDED BY THE INVASION OF THE ASSYRIANS.
TOWARDS THE VII CENTURY A. C., PHARAOH PASMÉTICO I
MANAGED TO CENTRALIZE POWER AGAIN AND ESTABLISHED
THE CAPITAL IN SAIS, A CITY IN THE DELTA. THE PERSIANS
THEN INVADED THE KINGDOM, AND THE PHARAOHS RELIED
ON THEIR ALLIANCES WITH FOREIGN KINGDOMS TO
MAINTAIN THEIR INDEPENDENCE. IN 332 B.C. C., ALEXANDER
THE GREAT, KING OF MACEDONIA, INVADED EGYPT, WHICH
WAS NO LONGER INDEPENDENT.