A Community is a set of people living together with some

common interests
We all live in a community. There are different things that
bind us together. Let us try to identify them.
 Beliefs
 Values
 Language
 Territory
 Religion
 Culture
 Occupation
• Leo Smith (1981), ‘Participation is a process through
which community groups help advance their interests and
the greater the opportunity for it ,the greater the chance
of making improvement in their conditions.’

• Unicef (2001) defines it as, ‘.. A process based on dialogue

with, and empowerment of, a community to identify and
decide how to solve them.’

 In simple and unambiguous terms ,

‘ to have a share in decision making.’
• Improves liveability levels. Community/Beneficiary
• Develops inner strength and confidence
• Enhances chances of efficient resource utilisation.
• Strengthens process of empowerment.
• Fosters ability to command and control.
• Helps acquire a community oriented mindset.

• Cutting down costs Municipality/ ULB

• Way of avoiding confrontations.
• Achieving greater projects success.
 Reaching the most vulnerable
 Increasing community ownership and project
sustainability
 Developing an on-going dialogue between
community members
 Creating or strengthening community
organizations (Committees, etc.)
 Creating an environment in which individuals
can empower themselves to address their
own and their community’s needs
 Promoting community members
participation
 Working in partnership with community
members
 Identifying and supporting the creative
potential of communities to develop a variety
of strategies and approaches
 Assisting in linking communities with
external resources
 Committing enough time to work with
communities, or with a partner who works
with them
Who are stakeholders?
Why it is important to coordinate among all stakeholders?
What can be achieved when we involve all stakeholders?

Decision makers- governing bodies/ULB, Private

concerns
Stakeholders
icebreakers Links- NGOs, Community workers,
Leaders, CBOs
Influencers/beneficiaries- The community
A mobilizer is a person who mobilizes, i.e. gets
things moving. A Catalyst (ULB/NGO/CBO)

 Clarity of agenda and committment

 Bringing people together
 Identifying the most vulnerable
 Building trust
 Encouraging participation
 Facilitating discussion and decision-making
 Participatory Strategic Planning (PSP)
A consensus-building approach that helps a community come
together in explaining how they would like their community
or organisation to develop over the next few years.
Taking
stock-
where
we are Path to
take

Obstacles Time
Vision-
frame
where
we want
to be?

Action
PARTICIPATION HOW?
Methods

oneway Interactive

A
B
C Media
leaflets
A - Dispersal of information(non Public address
participatory) Comment forms
B - Fact finding( limited/symbolic) Surveys
C - Innovative interactions (participation) Polls
Public meetings

Issue forums transects

Area Mapping & Planning for Real
modeling
 A method that draws on local people’s
knowledge, enabling participants to
create visual and non-visual data to
explore social problems, opportunities
and questions.

Community representatives work

together to create a visual
representation of a place using the tools
and materials at their disposal.

At the same time, while creating their

map, the group may deliberate over how
to best represent the place in question

“Maps are more than pieces of paper. They are stories, conversations, lives and songs lived out
in a place and are inseparable from the political and cultural contexts in which they are used”
(Rambaldi, 2005)
 A systematic walk along a
defined path (transect) across
the area together with the local people
(community)
 To explore conditions by observing,
asking, listening, looking and producing
a transect diagram.
The transect wal is normally conducted during
the initial phase of the fieldwork.
 The information collected during the walk is
used to draw a diagram or map based on
which discussions are held amongst the
participants.
 Communities create/ are given a 3-D model of their local
area and suggest how they would like to see their area
develop.
 Groups then prioritise the suggestions and
create an action plan for decision-makers to take away,
and/or as a basis for community action.
• Clear vision

• Realistic goals

• Self appraisal

• Well defined roles

• Strong commitments

• Continuous improvement of skill and

capacities
 Pre-survey
 Survey
 Preparation of plans/strategies
 Plan implementation
 Operations and maintainance
 Preparing list of slums How? Use participatory tools
crosschecked by concerned Focus group discussion
stakeholders. Transects
 Demarcate slum boundaries on
the GIS based city map
 Identification of vacant land
 Slum level rough mapping
 Household counting and
numbering
 Questions/Comments are welcome