207ES2 Design Wind Pressures Net design wind pressures, Paes for component and cladding of buildings designed using the procedure specified herein eprsent the net pressures (um of internal and external) that shal be applied norma to each building surfie &8 shown in Figure 207ES-I. Pyee stall be determined by te following equation: Pret = Keres (UTES-1) where A ~ adjustment facor for building height and exposure from Figure 207E.5-1 Ky, = ‘topographic factor as defined in Section 2074.8 evaluated at 0.33 mean roof height, 0.33h reiso ~ et design wind pressure for Exposure B, at h=9 m, from Figure 2076 5-1 User Note Part 2 of Section 207E is a simplified method to determine wind pressures on C&C of enclosed low-rise buildings having flai, gable or hip roof shapes. The provisions of Part 2 are based on the Envelope Procedure of Part | with wind pressures determined froma table and adusted as appropriate Table 2076 3-1 Steps to Determine CAC Wind Loads Enclosed Lowrise Buildings (Simplified Method) Determine risk category, see Table 103-1 Determine the basic wind speed, V, for the applicable risk category, see Figue 207A S- 1A,Bore Determine wind load parameters: > Exposure category B, C or D, see Section 2iA7 > Topographic factor, Ky, se Section ‘207A8 and Figure 207A.8-1 Enter figure to determine wind pressures sth = 9m, Per S22 Figure 207E $1 Enter figure 10 determine adjusment for building height and exposure, 4, see Figure 2075.1 Determine adjusted wind pressures, Py, $2 Equation 207E.S-1.CAC Zones CRC Wall and Hoof Preeanes, & = lim ‘Encloned Buin urncra Sctard Gch i e Puapines iota , Tan Esihon, 2095‘Table 207 .2-1 Steps to Determine MWPFRS Wind for Bactosed. mp oe and Open Determine risk colegory of building or other stricture, see Tabie 103-1 Determine the basic wind speed. WV. for the applicable risk category. see Figure 207.A4.5- 1A, Ror : Determine wind lewd prmrmneters: Wind directionality factor, see Section 207A - ond” ‘Vebte ara & Exposure category, sec Soction 2O7A.T = Topegrmphic Factor, 7 ce - Y Section 2074.4 and Table 2074,4-) Gust Effect Pactor, G, xce Section 207A.9 & Enclosure classification, see Section 207A, 10 Intertel pressure coefficient. (@Cp.). see Section 207A. 11 and Table 207A.1 1-1 Determine velocity Pressure eS POS ure coefficient, K, or M,, hee Table 2071,3-0 y Determine velocity pressure gg, or dn Equation 20768.3-1 (Determine external pressure coefficient, €, oF Cw y Figure 2076.41 for walle and Mat, gabbbe, hip, monostope or mansard roofs Figure 2078.4-2 for cemect roote Figure 2078.4-3 for arched roots Figece 2O7R4.4 for moneuloge roof, open building Blgure 2074-5 for) pienbed sinit. -mpsan benitchiiregs, Figure 2077R..4-6 for roughed roof, open buiictings Figure 207TR.4-7 for alocwp-ridgesvatley le wind toad case for monontope, prtched or i troughed roof, open building Step 7: Calculate wind pressure, p. an emch betileting surface YY YV ¥vY - © fon 2O7FEA- 1 for right buildings - Bquetion 2078.42 for feciblo building Equation 2078.4-3 for open buildingsTable 2078 31 Velocity Pressure Exposure CoeMiccat, Ky and Ky | The osicityprmmu eapmre cote Kay be der nam th fl gr: Fen caste Ford sTm eas a y= onary) y= 20n(n/ay 2. asa rebut io Fale 2074 91, ‘slat fo nha vary eight acpi Eparcoriam tenses S07 3 User rtTable 10341 Occupancy Category OCCUPANCY \TEGORY. 1 Eswenial ales Hardens Fest OeeuNcy oF FUNCTION OF RL uy sews bavng yey se iret, Fes sins, ‘Guages et tere Gi gyn whic aud energereyitl, Sr ss mesic reas ss, Aviat cn er, Secures ad equip it common ls aid ee iis led ee comgeney rope, Frattes fi ay pewersering eqieeat fer Crag scars, Tks ir sts contig bo sappring wake cle fresappesin tra 6 opipnee rite) fr the prin of (gay lor Ved V ts Pash ings Hi, sigue con ad reunion iio Us. Cccapacis and grout husiog oF ppg | mndeareplaine hie or nes, Nobullng saute string, sgpartag. ot conning qos oie ot ipa subsanees, Table 103-1 (eon'd)Decupaney Category ey (OCCUPANCY [OCCUPANCY OR FINCTION OF ccarenany __[stmucrine Aus ith an smenly roe wan supa capi of 1,000 ar mite, fatal uldngs sic as rscuns, ev irom wih a acy of 0 rar ci, | Bulking wd fr college ei edition wikecopcty of SD nor wwegas, | letiocnal bulogs wih $0 oe mae in ed inayaiagsd ps,Ha aot ice in fay | OL ev hoists, als, eins ad rungs vce rca er of female ar slertyretana, Chr, Msc, ol olker Reign Toil, Al racers wi cape of $00 a woe ees, ‘Svcs egipnent pment, Ataloes, and eter publ wily tees it ind in Cay 1 or Cary ad tei ctu eet, AY Standard ‘All smvettes hows occupancies or Occopangy —_| lavingfinetionsolisedinCaigory |, | Stracures ellbidCatenory [Pp $$$ V Nicelaeeons | Prssleiriyescarporsshedsandfces | Severs ver | Sebigh,BTELE2 Velacky Pressure Veluciny perenne, gy, evan at bight = hall bee cculcalana by te Keller xeon Hm KARE OOM Gore sy ‘vere Kg = wind directionality teson, ere ection as fy erloity presoure expesere worffcient, soe Section 2076 3.1 fa > opographic fice = defined, ee Secom MTA basic seine pea, sce Sartion 207A. S a ee ‘Equation 207E 3-1 at eign he ‘The numerical cnefficiont {1673 shall bewsed exc where sufi climatic dhs arr sealable tn jumtify the ardour, ‘ofa differe valu of this facto for a dongs application. 207E 42 Design Wind Pressures Design wind pressures on componcnt and cladding elements of low-rise buildings and buildings with ‘AS 18 m shall be determined from the following equation: P= aal(GC,) —(6C,2)] Om’) 207 He where te velocity pressure evaluated at mean roof height h as defined in Section 207E.3 ‘= extemal pressure coefficients given in: Figure 2076441 (walle) © Figures, 207E42A to 207642C (a roofs, gable roofs, and hip roofs) Figure 207E 4-3 (stepped roots) ‘Figure 2078.44 (multispan gable roof) Figures 207EASA and 207E45B \(@eonasiope roots) = Figure 2078.46 (sawtooth roots) © Figure 207E 4-7 (domed roofs) Figure 2078 4-3, footnote 4 (arched roofs) internal pressure coefficient given in Table 207A.11-1 (ec, (6c)Table 207A.6-1 Wind Directionality Factor, Ky Structure Type Divcetionality Factor K,* Buildings Main Wind Force Resisting System 0.85 Components and Cladding. 0.85 Arched Roofs 0.85 Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures Square 0,90 Hexagonal 0.95 Round 0,95 | Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid | Freestanding and Attached Signs 0.85 eee Open Signs and Lattice Framework 0.85 Trussed Towers: ‘Triangular, square, rectangular 0,85 Allother cross sections 0,952070.73 xporwre Categories Exposure B: For buildings with a mean roof height of less than or equal ro 9 m, Exposure B shall apply where the ground surfeee roughness, as defined by Surface Roughress B, prevails in the upwind direction for a sistance greater than 480 m, For buildings with amean roof height greater than 9 m, Exposure B shall apply where Surface Roughness B prevails in the upwind diction for a disiance grester than 790 m or 20 times the height of the building, whichevor is greater Exposure C: Exposure C shall apply forall cases where “Fxporurss oe D do nol apply. Exposure D: Exposure D shall apply whese the ground surface roughness, as defined by Surface Rougimness D, prevails in the upwind dieetion fox a distance greater than 1500 m or 20 times the building height, whichever is grester. Exposure D shall also apply where the ground surface roughness immediately upwind of the site is fexhosure B or C, andthe site is withina distance of 180 m ‘F 20 times the building height, whichevor is grester, from 297AS.1 Wind Speed-Up over His, Ridges, anc Escarpments Wind speed-up effects ot isolated ils, ridges, and xcarpments constituting abrupt changes in the general topoeraphy, located in any exposure category, shall be included in the design when buikings and other site ‘conditions and locations of structures meet all of the following conditions: 1. The hill, ridge, oF escarpment is isolated and unobstructed upwind by other similar topographic features of comparable height for 100 times the beight ‘of the topographic feature (OOH) or 3.2 km. ‘whichever ie less, This distance sholl be measured horizontally from the point st which the height of the hill ridge, or escarpment is determined. 207A.9.1 Gust Effeet Factor _The gusvefet factor for igi building or oter structure is pemited to be taken a 0.85. 207.72 Sarface Roughness Categories 4 ground Surface Rouglmess within each 45° sector shall be deermine fora distinee upwind ofthe site as defined in Section 207A.7. from the categories defined i the following lex. forthe purpose of assigning an exposure ‘alegory a8 defined in Seton 207A... Sueface Roughness B: Urbar and suburbon areas, wooded tees, or other tern with numercus closely soneed ‘bration Having the size oF singl-Tasily dwellings oF large. Sorface Roughness. C: Open terrain with seatered obszructions having heights geactlly less than 9m. Tis ‘ategoy inches flat open conatry aed erasslans, Surface Roughness: Flat, unobstructed areas and water Suriueos. Ths category ineludes smooth mud fats, salt Fats, snd unbroken ie 2. The hill, ridge, or esearpment protrudes above the height of upwind tereain features within a 3.2-km radi in any quadcant by Factor of two or more. 3. The structure is located as shown in Figure 207A.8-1 inte upper one-half of a hill or nidge or near the crest ofan esexepment 4 H/ly = 0.2, S. His greater than or equa 1045 m for Exposure C and and 18 m for Exposure B 2074.82 Topographic Factor “The wind speed-up effet shall be included in the calculation of design wind loads by using the factor Ky, 078-1) Kye = 4 Ky + Hg HG where Ky, Ke, and Kare given in Figure 2074.81 {f ite conditions and locations of structures do not meet al ‘specified in Section 207A.8.1 then20TA.A0.1 General For the purpose of determining intemal pressure Covffciens, all buildings shall be clasfied a enclosed, Patielly enclosed, or open as defined in Section 207A.2. BUILDING, OPEN is a building having each wall at Feast 80 percent open. This condition is expressed foreach wall by the equation A, 2 0.84y. BUILDING, PARTIALLY ENCLOSED is a building iat complies with both ofthe following conditions: 1. The total atea of openings in a wall that receives pastve exer pressure exceeds the sum ofthe areas af openings inthe balance ofthe building envelope (walls and roof) by more than 10 percent, 2. The tol aree of openings in 2 wall tha receives postive external pressure exces 037 m? oc | perert of the area ofthat wall, whichever is smaller, and the percentage of openings in the balance of the building envelope does wot excore 20 perce ‘Table 2074. +1 {intemal Pressure Coeffieient, (GC,,) ‘Main Wind Foree Resisting Enclosed Buildings ‘System and Components and All Heights Claddin; Eno, Pri Balser and | Walls & Roofs | relosure Classification | Open Buildings 0.0 - 7 #055 Partly Enclosed Builings —yc5 | 40.18Table 20711.3-11 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefitcients, A, ond WK, Main Wind Force Hesisting System — Fart I Icy tae 1, The velocity pressure en; coefficient A, may be datermined trom the fo! fornia: For 4.3m S #5 fy Porz< 45m Ke = 2.04(a/eg)" i, — 2. 0204.5 /x,)"" 2. @ and 4, ore tnbulated in Table 207A. 1. 3. Linewe interpoteet ier foe teetorerecctisnme votunen cf beanie tis moceptable, Exposure cnte jos are defined Section DOTA 7.For4.Sms2 say Fora < 4.5 mn K,=20r(e/a)" Kk, =2.01(4.8/2)"" Table 2074 9+1 Terrain Exposure Constants ¢ | am |e os [tao | 04s | 030 | 9254 30 | 9.14 Wes T 06s] iat “Tia | 150 [437] Lor | 9.0 | 080 | ONS | 198.12 | 180 [23] 732 US [21336] Ws {4207B.3.2 Velocity Pressure Velocity pressure, q,, evaluated at height z shall be calculated by the following equation: Og = 0.613K Ky Ry V2(Nine)¥ in vs (207B.3+1) where Kg = wind — directionality —fietor, see Section 2074.6 K, = velocity pressure exposure coefficient, see Section 2078.3.1 Ky, = topographic factor — defined, see Section 207A,.8.2 V = _ basic wind speed, see Section 207A,5 qd, = velocity pressure calculated — using Equation 207B,3-1 at height # dx © velocity pressure calculated —nsing Equation 207B,3-1 at mean roof height A4 4 a 7 Carrara Ty fae lg ella lel @ Lol a] PMP | re |i ae) _—. —a a a a Plt sr sere ee iif) presumes aces Swart and nemy fom fe emrdice, mperat ary: Listes marpalation ls pemsbied dor vwiiea af E/E AE aed Pater thas tere Samepatinte all ay bs crt a Ioerwees vite of te saree nage, Where fr vel of the Seu sig fs een. emu Ore serpaR epEe ‘What csv a Cy are ad a te at Che iro Fa Wo pea Se PreTaEs one the rot mucus aba he deugeed for bos concern mterpoatem fr meen crac a met ‘me sul cy cect twee Evaluate he ge, a oes eae ae Race MRS winch tw ti Far Pieashde busirga uae nsproprisie Gy a8 deterrent Sarteom 20709. (Refes vo Fagure 2778.42 Nor ert wr gute DOE. 3 Por arid wae, lata dinietae of Budding, 1, ce al lid Bet bviaoatst dimvernine cf tulaiey. rm, resco paral Yo wise feet Siar hata ke ea toreeie ag A A = ” 6 roan 08, 1 boro ortne and eee bape vers br rdw eet stn om ee er te ieee me cel Sar fet tempera a ae fae ehosece wind oc ak i arte FOr Fools grease C= 8207E.5.2 Design Wind Pressures Net design wind pressures, Pye, for component and cladding of buildings designed using the procedure specified herein repeesent the net pressures (sum of intemal and external) that shull be applied normal to each building surface as shown in Figure 2O7ES-1. Pye shall be determined by the following equation: Pact © AMPs (QO7ES-1) where 4 = adjustment factor for building height and ‘exposure from Figure 207E $-1 Ky «= topographic factor as defined in Section 207A.8 evaluated at 0.33 mean ‘roof height, 0.33% Finetwe = Bet design wind pressure for Exposure B, at h=9 my, fom Figure 2078. 5-1 User Note: Part 2 of Section X07E 6 a simplified method tw determine wind preseures on C&C of enclosed low-rise Buildings having fat gle or hip roaf shapes. The provitiows of Part 2 are based on the Envelope Procedure of Part I with wind pressures determined from a table and adjusied as appropriate. "Erg “R “¥ Table 2078 5-1 ‘Steps to Determine C&C ‘Wind Laads Enclosed Lowrise Buildings (Simplified Method) ‘Determine risk category, see Table 103-1 Determine the basic wind speed, V, for the applicable risk category, sce Figure 207A.S- 1A, BorC Deiermine wind load parameters: > Exposure category B, C of D, sce Section IAI Topographic facior, Ky, see Section ‘207A8 and Figure 207A.8-1 Enicr figure to determine wind N= 9m, Paes $08 Figure 207E 5-1 Enier figure to determine adjustment foc Determine adjusted wind pressures, Pet, SC Equation 207E 5-1.2OTRA Wind Loads—Male Wins Ferceiitenivtiog, Syed TOTRAN Emcee and Partinily Eavetased! Rigél aaidctiense (Reesign wind poremmtines fir the Rt WFRES off bailalionge of a beigtia stat be deverinined by che following expuaeiwey P= GOCE, — a) (GC) (Now) (OTe 1y where @ = wt, fer windward walle evelueed wt Roiuhe above the grote @ ae for Leeward wells, withe wert, evel roots, ewatuated ot heetighne dy — ae fer windwarc walle, wists wellle, sewed Walls, mnt Towle OF enckoset wotdings aed for negative internal valuation te partially enctoaed tive latent pressure ‘ereluntive in jsartinily enclosed Bxsikiengs beriyhe 2 in ckefieved ae che bowed of igheat opaning In the Bublding shat could offect the positive — bunerrmd Jremare. For buildings sted im wit bore Geurle regions, ginzing thar i moe Impact reRtEnt ar prewcted wet ae Impact reRistert covering whall be Rreatedt (Be UN Opvew ing: LY a Wome pithy Sacre ieee AOTA. 10.3. For positive internal pressure evaluation, he evahuarted at tive woefckent oem Pigures 2070.4-1, 2070.4-2 une 2074 3 KGC,.) — imternal pressure coefficient freon Table 207A,11-1 gf el gy Sal De evaluated using exposure defied im Secnan 2074,7.3, Prosure shall be applied simultenecwaly on windward and leewart walls afd om roe! surfaces a defined in Figures DOT da1, DOF 4-2 serch DOVEOTK 62 Design Wind Pressures ‘Design wind preeeunes on component and cladding for all buildings with A> 1# om shall be determined from the following equation: P= @(GC,) — (GC) N/m") 207E.6-1 where q = @, for windward walls calevlated at height # above the ground @ qa for beeward walls, side walls, und rool evaluated at height A Gi = a for windward wall, side walls, leeward walls, and roofs of enclosed buildings and for Segative intemal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings (ec,) = (Ge) ~ @, for positive intemal pressure evaluation in pantially enclosed buildings where height # in defined as the level of the highest opening in the building that could affect the positive internal pressure, For positive internal Pressure evaluation, qy may conscrvutively be cvalumted at height A(gi = gh) Fixternal pressure coeffickents given in: * Figure D07E.6-1 for walls and Mat roots * = Figure 20711.4-3, footnote 4, for arched roofs © Figure 2078.4-7 for domed rots + Note 6 of Figure 2076.61 Inicmnal pressure coefficient given in Tatshe 207A.11-1 @ and q) shall be evaluated using exposure defined in Section 207A,11-1Net Design Wind Pressure, yar (kPa) (Exposure B at A = 10m with / = 1.0 and Ky = 1.0) iene asic Win Speed Vp tose | induces erty 1s me = 30 z fp Tas pos as | mT i | 28 [is [am 1 om [an | os | as La] at [iss | a9 1 45 [a [on | om | an [oa [an 1 +s _[ om [as | on aa at 2 taf ono | os fee Sas] 3 * es 20 [ors [ar [on aa [os [a $2 45 [ae [am [oe ar faa [sia § 2 og ou [an [8 3 |i Tati Po ote oes a TE 3 a0 [ome | ise | a3 1a | ae 531 2 asf oe [ue | oe io 45 [ia | a | 3 9s | om | asi | oe rr 13] aa i ia) ast | aa ore ae M_[ 377 i 20 | ow | ase | ow is tu_[ 3a H 46 om [am [an i im | ae 13 to 0s] | are a | aso BE ae [ te ow iF za af 45 [ow | aw [as BT, 16] 327 q 2 s ost | ais Toss is iat | arr i ta 9a [oe [er = Z| am 3 ma [oe | tes | ore 157 2 | as 3 4s [ee [ae [ea Lat ce 3 35 | is | ess er Lat] st T [oa | os |e 2 a] to i 10 [am | on | ue i ae | ose 1 43 [om | oss | te 2 aaa 8 L 35am | aa | 2a 35 2 ta | om | oe [oe 2M a2] 477 ge oe Coe 2s ia [as + z 45 [om | on | ue 1S 34)_| az Fi a5 | oa | on [iw pr ae] a9 ie | oe ome [ee 2 a par 3 in| oes [ame | 1 ia ass x on | an | ie 2s a8 sar 5 95 | on | 47s | uw a se] 40 « wo | os | aa | os 2 ag] al + on | ane 28 ase | ae ‘ 45 [os | an [us 7 S83 ‘ ss [om | an | io is aie] al g[-e ms [os | aa | os a aa | a [os [ons | 190 | 13s 09 aa | sas 5 [an | as [or 26] as 80 | 0 s 45 [06] ass | to [aw [es [to 5 95 | om | an | us as) aw [ae [ae us os | om | on is om a a ie [a [Nowe Fav ete ares Race ae geen awe sad ay Be omar hws a Sel ed al he wer eee ren The final a, naling al pore eats, eo trp mob et the ha eed by Sethe DOPE 2?Roof Overhang Net Design Wind Pressure, Pyar (kPa) (Exposure Bath = 10m with? = 1.0and Ky = 1.0)Figure 2076-1 (continued) Design Wind Pressures on Walls and Roofs of Enclosed Buildings with hs 18m Components and CladdingTensei ith inefareneeoeseneattes eect eu eaters ctett Mie bad tak ae ca Hh bad etal gel aang! em Seteerenec renee ner in Wete pomih anowapinaltn peta teak «FR jelelal li of vemmanny Hy WU years | Amstad [astaenmn Premeneiiy 4 Mod ABE - 96 comms Aewate or fran Hann wi TA ET Hee ited | es w tne) Chey Winter tan Po ee ee rea