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Sample Problem To Try MWFRS With C-C
Sample Problem To Try MWFRS With C-C
Example
A fully worked example of ASCE 7-10 wind load
calculations
SkyCiv released a free wind load calculator that has several code
references including the ASCE 7-10 wind load procedure. In this section,
we are going to demonstrate how to calculate the wind loads, by using an
S3D warehouse model below:
64 ft × 104 ft in plan
Eave height of 30 ft
Dimensions Apex height at elev. 36 ft
Roof slope 3:16 (10.62°)
With opening
In our ASCE 7-10 wind load example, design wind pressures for a large,
three-story plant structure will be determined. Fig. 1 shows the
dimensions and framing of the building. The building data are shown in
Table 1.
Although there are a number of software that have wind load calculation
already integrated into their design and analysis, only a few provide a
detailed computation of this specific type of load. Users would need to
conduct manual calculations of this procedure in order to verify if the
results are the same as those obtained from the software.
p=qGCp−qi(GCpi) (1)
Risk Category
The first thing to do in determining the design wind pressures is to
classify the risk category of the structure which is based on the use or
occupancy of the structure. For this example, since this is a plant
structure, the structure is classified as Risk Category IV. See Table 1.5-1
of ASCE 7-10 for more information about risk categories classification.
When viewing the wind maps, take the highest category number of the
defined Risk or Occupancy category. In most cases, including this
example, they are the same. From Figure 26.5-1B, Cordova, Memphis,
Tennessee is somehow near where the red dot on Figure 3 below, and
from there, the basic wind speed, V�, is 120 mph. Take note that for
other locations, you would need to interpolate the basic wind speed value
between wind contours.
Figure 3. Basic wind speed map from ASCE 7-10.
Exposure Category
See Section 26.7 of ASCE 7-10 details the procedure in determining the
exposure category.
Suburban residential area with mostly single-family dwellings – Low-rise structures, less
than 30 ft high, in the center of the photograph have sites designated as exposure b with
surface roughness Category B terrain around the site for a distance greater than 1500 ft in
any wind direction.
An urban area with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-
family dwellings or larger – For all structures shown, terrain representative of surface
Exposure B
roughness category b extends more than twenty times the height of the structure or 2600
ft, whichever is greater, in the upwind direction. Structures in the foreground are located
in exposure B – Structures in the center top of the photograph adjacent to the clearing to
the left, which is greater than approximately 656 ft in length, are located in exposure c
when the wind comes from the left over the clearing.
Flat open grassland with scattered obstructions having heights generally less than 30 ft.
Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally less than 30 ft for most
wind directions, all 1-story structures with a mean roof height less than 30 ft in the
Exposure C
photograph are less than 1500 ft or ten times the height of the structure, whichever is
greater, from an open field that prevents the use of exposure B.
Usually, velocity pressure coefficients at the mean roof height, Kh, and at
each floor level, Kzi, are the values we would need in order to solve for the
design wind pressures. For this example, since the wind pressure on the
windward side is parabolic in nature, we can simplify this load by
assuming that uniform pressure is applied on walls between floor levels.
The plant structure has three (3) floors, so we will divide the windward
pressure into these levels. Moreover, since the roof is a gable-style roof,
the roof mean height can be taken as the average of roof eaves and apex
elevation, which is 33 ft.
10 0.85
20 0.90
30 0.98
1.00 Kz
33
ℎ
Velocity Pressure
From Equation (3), we can solve for the velocity pressure, q in PSF, at
each elevation being considered.
Roof mean
33 1.00 31.33
height, qℎ
External Pressure Coefficients for the walls and roof are calculated
separately using the building parameters L, B, and h, which are defined in
Note 7 of Figure 27.4-1.
From these values, we can obtain the external pressure coefficients, Cp,
for each surface using table 27.4-1 of ASCE 7-10. Take note that we can
use linear interpolation when roof angle, θ, L/B, and h/L values are in
between those that are in the table. For our example, the external
pressure coefficients of each surface are shown in Tables 6 to 8.
Windward
0.8
wall
Windward Leeward
h/L
10° 10.62° 15° 10° 10.62° 15°
-0.7
-0.9 -0.88
0.5 - -0.50 -0.50 -0.50
-0.18 -0.18
0.18
-
0.51 -0.91 -0.89 0.71
-0.51 -0.51 -0.50
6 -0.18 -0.18 -
0.18
-1.0
-1.3 -1.26
1.0 - -0.70 -0.69 -0.60
-0.18 -0.18
0.18
h/B Location Cp
0.317 -0.9
0 to h
-0.18
-0.9
h/2 to h
-0.18
h to 2h -0.5
-0.18
-0.3
>2h
-0.18
Take note that a positive sign means that the pressure is acting towards
the surface while a negative sign is away from the surface. Bay length is
26 feet.
Based on Figure 30.4-1, the (GCp) can be calculated for zones 4 and 5
based on the effective wind area. Take note that the definition of
effective wind area in Chapter C26 of ASCE 7-10 states that: “To better
approximate the actual load distribution in such cases, the width of the
effective wind area used to evaluate (GCp) need not be taken as less than
one-third the length of the area.” Hence, the effective wind area should be
the maximum of:
The positive and negative (GCp) for walls can be approximated using the
graph shown below, as part of Figure 30.4-1:
Figure 10. Approximated (GCp) values from Figure 30.4-1 of ASCE 7-10.
Figure 11. (GCp) values from Figure 30.4-2B of ASCE 7-10.
-7.83 -42.30
1 0.30 -0.80
26.63 -7.83
-7.83 -54.83
2 0.30 -1.2
26.63 -20.36
-7.83 -79.89
3 0.30 -2.0
26.63 -45.43