CONFIDENTIAL AS/SEP 2011/BIO091

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE FOUNDATION BIOLOGY I

COURSE CODE BIO091
EXAMINATION SEPTEMBER 2011
TIME 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts : PART A (30 Questions)

PART B (5 Questions)

2. Answer ALL questions from the two (2) parts.

i) Answer PART A in the Objective Answer Sheet.

ii) Answer PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.
3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:

i) the Question Paper

ii) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
iii) an Objective Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 12 printed pages
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PART A (30 Marks)

1. What gives rise to the cohesiveness of water molecules?

A. Hydrophobic interactions.
B. Nonpolar covalent bonds.
C. Ionic bonds.
D. Hydrogen bonds.
E. Both A and C.

2. Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

A. Lakes don't freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures.

B. A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond.
C. Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to
chemical reactions.
D. Water can act as a solvent.
E. The pH of water remains exactly neutral.

3. Which of the following contains nitrogen in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen?

A. An alcohol such as ethanol.

B. Monosaccharide such as glucose.
C. A steroid such as testosterone.
D. An amino acid such as glycine.
E. A hydrocarbon such as benzene.

4. Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions
and hydrolysis?

A. Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down

polymers.
B. Macromolecular synthesis occurs through the removal of water and digestion
occurs through the addition of water.
C. Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
D. Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers.
E. A and B are correct.

5. Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by

A. animals.
B. plants.
C. fungi.
D. both animals and fungi.
E. both animals and plants.

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6. Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic

linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

A. As a pentose.
B. As a hexose.
C. As a monosaccharide.
D. As a disaccharide.
E. As a polysaccharide.

7. A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines.
This DNA molecule could be composed of

A. 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules.

B. 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules.
C. 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules.
D. 240 adenine and 240 cytosine molecules.
E 240 guanine and 240 thymine molecules.

8. DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join
nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?

A. The two strands of the double helix would separate.

B. The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.
C. The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
D. The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
E. All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

9. Which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance
of free ribosomes?

A. A cell that is secreting proteins.

B. A cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes.
C. A cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix.
D. A cell that is digesting food particles.
E. A cell that is enlarging its vacuole.

10. Which are examples of prokaryotes?

A. Protists.
B. Bacteria.
C. Algae.
D. Fungi.
E. Mosses.

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11. Cell components used to move chromosomes are the

A. cilia.
B. flagella.
C. microtubules.
D. microfilaments.
E. lysosomes.

12. The organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a vesicle used for
storage or transport is the

A. mitochondrion.
B. chloroplast.
C. nucleolus.
D. golgi body.
E. none of the above.

13. Which of the following is not an organelle?

A. Nucleus.
B. Mitochondrion.
C. Vacuole.
D. Lysosome.
E. Chlorophyll.

14. A cell takes in dissolved materials by forming tiny vesicles around fluid droplets trapped
by folds of the plasma membrane. This process is

A. indirect active transport.

B. pinocytosis
C. receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D. exocytosis.
E. passive transport.

15. The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires

A. low cellular concentrations of sodium.

B. high cellular concentrations of potassium.
C. an energy source such as ATP.
D. a cotransport protein.
E. a gradient of protons across the plasma membrane.

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16. A single cell freshwater organism is transferred to saltwater. Which of the following is
likely to happen?

A. The cell bursts.

B. Salt is pumped out of the cell.
C. The cell shrinks.
D. Enzymes flow out of the cell.
E. All of these.

17. Glucose transport into erythrocytes is an example of

A. active transport.
B. simple diffusion.
C. exocytosis.
D. facilitated diffusion.
E. none of the above.

18. What kind of energy must be provided for an enzyme to function?

A. Combination.
B. Activation.
C. Thermal
D. Electrical
E. Solar.

19. According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, which of the following is
correct?

A. The binding of the substrate depends on the shape of the active site.
B. Some enzymes change their structure when activators bind to the enzyme.
C. A competitive inhibitor can outcompete the substrate for the active site.
D. The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site.
E. The active site creates a microenvironment ideal for the reaction.

20. The first stable compound produced from C0 2 in the Calvin cycle reaction is

A. 3-Phosphoglycerate (3-PGA)
B. ribulose bisphosphate.
C. glucose.
D. phosphoenol pyruvate.
E. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).

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21. How many molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) are used to generate the
six molecules of ribulose bisphosphate (RUBP)?

A. 3
B. 6
C. 10
D. 12
E. 18

22. Where does glycolysis take place?

A. Mitochondrial matrix.
B. Mitochondrial outer membrane.
C. Mitochondrial inner membrane.
D. Mitochondrial intermembrane space.
E. Cytoplasm.

23. Which of the following stages of cellular respiration that will release carbon dioxide
(C0 2 )?

A. Glycolisis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.

B. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle.
C. The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
D. Oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation.
E. Fermentation and glycolysis.

24. Excess glucose in the human diet can result in accumulations of

A. pyruvate.
B. NADH.
C. fat.
D. lactate.
E. ATP.

25. Panting observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipates excess heat by

A. countercurrent exchange.
B. acclimation.
C. vasoconstriction.
D. hibernation.
E. evaporation.

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26. Which of the following statements is false?

A. Endotherms have higher metabolic rate than ectotherms.

B. Ectotherms do better in cold climates.
C. Ectotherms regulate their temperature through behavior.
D. Most birds and mammals are endotherms.
E. All of the above.

27. Which of the following animals uses the highest percent of its energy budget for
homeostatic regulation?

A. A hydra.
B. A marine jelly (an invertebrate).
C. A snake in temperate forest.
D. A desert insect.
E. A desert bird.

28. The tube leading from each kidney to the bladder is the

A. glomerulus.
B. ureter.
C. urethra
D. rectum.
E. loop of Henle.

29. Osmoregulation is concerned with

A. Excretion
B. Ionic regulation.
C. Control of the body's water content.
D. Control of the body temperature.
E. Carbon dioxide regulation.

30. Which feature of osmoregulation is found in both marine and freshwater bony fish?

A. Loss of water through the gills.

B. Gain of salt through the gills.
C. Loss of water in the urine.
D. No drinking of water.
E. Gain of water through food.

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PART B (70 Marks)

QUESTION 1

a) State the components needed to synthesize a triglyceride.

(2 marks)

b) Name the chemical reaction by which the triglyceride is formed.

(1 mark)

c) State two functions of triglyceride in living organism.

(2 marks)

d) Lipase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of triglycerides. It is a soluble globular

protein. The function of an enzyme depends upon the precise nature of tertiary
structure. The diagram below represents the structure of an enzyme. The black strips
represent disulphide bonds which help to stabilize its tertiary structure.

i) Describe how the disulphide bond helps to stabilize the tertiary structure of the
lipase.
(2 marks)

ii) Name two other type of bonding that help to stabilize the tertiary structure.
(2 marks)

e) Describe the level of protein at Region A.

(2 marks)

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QUESTION 2

a) Flagella play an important role for cell movement. Draw the cross section structure of a
flagella and a basal body.
(2 marks)

b) The figure below shows the structure of plasma membrane. State one function of the
part labelled J, K, L and M.
(4 marks)

c) Excessive concentration of salt in the blood and tissue fluid can cause serious damage
to cells. Explain the effect of high concentration of salt on animal cell.
(4 marks)

d) Explain briefly how cholesterol from blood moves into a cell.

(4 marks)

QUESTION 3

a) Define

i) Coenzymes
(1 mark)

ii) Cofactor
(1 mark)

iii) Prosthetic group

(1 mark)

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b) An experiment was carried out in which the enzyme lipase was used to hydrolyze a
triglyceride. The pH of the reaction mixture was recorded at regular intervals during the
experiment. The results are shown in the table below :

Time/min PH
0 7.0
2 6.2
4 5.6
6 5.1
8 4.7
10 4.6
12 4.6
14 4.6

i) What is hydrolysis?
(1 mark)

ii) Explain why the pH decreases during the reaction.

(2 marks)

iii) After 14 minutes, the mixture was analyzed and unreacted triglyceride was found to
be present. Explain why the reaction had stopped after 10 minutes?
(2 marks)

c) The formation of glycogen is one of many enzyme controlled reactions carried out by
liver cells in humans. The liver is a very active organ and generates a lot of heat. The
temperature must not be allowed to increase too much as it will effect the rate at which
glucose is converted into glycogen.

i) Suggest the optimum temperature for this enzyme controlled reaction.

(1 mark)

ii) Explain why a significant increase in temperature above optimum has an effect on
the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction.
(3 marks)

d) Explain how a non-competitive inhibitor affects the rate of an enzyme reaction.

(3 marks)

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QUESTION 4

a) Draw and label the structure of a chloroplast.

(4 marks)

b) The rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light is shown in the graph below.
Based on this graph, describe the effect of different wavelengths of light on the rate of
photosynthesis.

rate of
photosynthesis

400 500 600 700

wavelength of light / nm

(3 marks)

c) State one role of pigment molecules in the photosystem.

(1 mark)

d) State the location of photosystem within the chloroplast.

(1 mark)

e) Explain the role of ATP in the light independent stage of photosynthesis.

(3 marks)

f) Explain what happens if some chloroplasts possess photosystem 1 only.

(4 marks)

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QUESTION 5

a) Define an osmoconformer.
(1 mark)

b) Explain the role of hypothalamus in the regulation of body temperature.

(1 mark)

c) Explain the importance of mammals maintaining a constant internal body temperature.

(2 marks)

d) Explain why the blood glucose level fluctuates very little in a normal healthy individual.
(5 marks)

e) Explain how selective reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.

(5 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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