CONFIDENTIAL ASISEP 2014/B10091 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : FOUNDATION BIOLOGY I COURSE CODE BIO091 EXAMINATION SEPTEMBER 2014 TIME 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts PART A (30 Questions) PART B (5 Questions) 2, Answer ALL questions from all the two (2) parts : i) Answer PART A in the Objective Answer Sheet. il) Answer PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4, Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of i) the Question Paper il) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty il) an Objective Answer Sheet — provided by the Faculty DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consis(s of 14 printed pages (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 2 ASISEP 2014/B10091 PART A (30 MARKS) 1. Hydrolysis can be described as the ‘A. combining of two or more molecules by removal of water molecules. B. heating of a compound to dry out the water content. C. breaking of a compound into its subunit by adding water molecules. D. removal of hydrogen atoms from the compound 2. Sucrose solution cannot change Benedict's solution into brick-red precipitate because it A. contains a glycosi B. is a disaccharide. C. contains a hydroxyl group. D. does not contain a free carbonyl group. ic bond. 3. FIGURE 1 shown is a monomer for cH0n Hn wo\om «on FIGURE 1 A. protein. B. starch. C. cellulose. D. chitin, 4. Which of the following functional groups forms cross-linking covalent bonds that help stabilize protein structures? ‘A. Carbonyl group B. Methyl group. C. Sulthydry! group. D. Carboxyl group. 5. Which of the following statements is NOT a principle of the cell theory? All living organisms are made of cells. All cells contain membrane-bound organelles. Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell. A cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things. go@> (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL 3 ASI/SEP 2014/BI0091 6. The synthesis of lipid occurs in ‘A. rough endoplasmic reticulum. B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. C. Golgi body. D. plasma membrane. 7. Identity which intercellular junction prevents leakage of extracellular fluid by pressing membranes of neighboring cells. A. Gap junctions. B. Desmosomes. C. Tight junctions. D. Plasmodesmata, 8. Which group of structures would be clearly seen in a well-stained plant cell under a light microscope? ‘A. Chloroplast, mitochondria, nuclei, and ribosomes. B. Chloroplast, nuclei, starch grains, and vacuole. C. Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and nuclei. D. Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, starch grains, and vacuole. 9. Which BEST describes phospholipid as an amphipathic molecule? A. Alayer of protein between two layers of phospholipids. B. Abbilayer of protein coating a layer of phospholipids. C. Ithas both hydrophilic & hydrophobic regions. D. Various proteins embedded in or attached to phospholipids bilayer. 10. Which of these organelles contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen to oxygen radical, producing hydrogen peroxide (HO2)? ‘A. Peroxisome. B. Lysosome. C. Mitochondria. D. Ribosome. 11. An Amoeba is removed from a hypotonic environment to a hypertonic environment. Predict the activity of its contractile vacuole. Less active. More active. Remain as active. No sign of activity at all. 9Om> (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologl MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 4 ASISEP 2014/B10091 12. Which of the following is NOT part of facilitated diffusion? ‘A. Solutes are moved by a change in shape of the carrier protein. B. The solute can be moved in elther direction. C. The process requires energy input. D. The process is passive. 13. Which of the following statement regarding enzymes is INCORRECT? A. Many enzymes contain non-protein substances called cofactors. B. Apoenzyme is an inactive C. Coenzyme binds loosely and temporarily to the active site of the enzyme. D. Aprosthetic group is a protein molecule that binds permanently to the enzyme. 14. The monomer of an enzyme is a(an) ‘A. monosaccharide, B. fatty acid. C. amino acid. D. nucleotide. 15. Which of the following is considered an open system? ‘A. Anorganism. B. Liquid in a corked bottle, C. A sealed terrarium. D. Food cooking in a pressure cooker. 16. Choose the CORRECT statements to describe induced fit mechanism of enzyme action. | Itis a modified version of the lock-and-key U1 The hypothesis suggests that the active site is flexible. Ill The active site is exactly complementary to the shape of the substrate. IV An enzyme collides with the substrate molecule. 17. Increasing the temperature of a reaction will cause the following EXCEPT ‘A. Increases the kinetic energy of the reactants, B. Increases the activation energy of the C. Increases the number of collisions between the reactants & active sites. D. Increases the formation of products. (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknolog! MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 8 ASISEP 2014/B10091 18. Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. It most likely functions as a(n) A. allosteric inhibitor of the enzyme. B. competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. C. cofactor necessary for enzyme activity. D. noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme. 19. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is composed of ‘A. Ribose, adenine and three phosphate groups. B. Ribose, adenine and a phosphate group. C. Deoxyribose, adenine and three phosphate groups. D. Deoxyribose, adenine and a phosphate group. 20. Which statement is TRUE about photophosphorylation? A. Carried out by plants to produce ATP using light energy. B. Phosphate group is transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP. C. Takes place in the inner membrane of mitochondrion. D. Takes place in the outer membrane of mitochondrion. 21. "Splitting of sugar” in cellular respiration refers to A. Krebs cycle. B. Oxidative phosphorylation. C. Giycolysis. D. Photophosphorylation, 22. What are the net products of glycolysis per molecule of glucose? A. 2 ATP and 2 NADH, B. 2 ATP and 2 NAD’. C. 4ATP and 4 NADH. D. 4ATP and 4 NAD’. 23. Which of the following occurs in both respiration and photosynthesis? A. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. B. NADPH is the electron carrier. C. ATP synthesis is driven by energy from chemiosmosis. D. Carbon fixation and formation of water. 24. Both NADH and FAD; are involved in cellular respiration as. electron acceptors. electron donors. light absorbers. light sources. gom> © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologl MARA, ‘CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL 6 ASISEP 2014/B10091 25. Heat exchange between a lizard and the hot rock is sitting on is called A. radiation. B. conduction. C. evaporation. D. convection 26. State the advantage of a positive feedback mechanism. A. Leads to an even greater response. B. Balances the uptake and loss of water and solutes. C. Returns a variable to either a normal range or a set point. D. Influences water uptake by increasing the number of aquaporin. 27. Name the component of nephron that can be found in the renal medulla, A. Glomerulus, B. Bowman's capsule. C. Distal tubule. D. Loop of Henle. 28. An ecological community is a collection of A. family units. B. food webs. C. interacting populations. D. closely related species. 29. Two species of fruit flies of the genus Drosophila live in the same geographic area, but one is sexually active only in the afternoon and the other only in the morning. Identify this type of reproductive isolating mechanism. A. Behavioral B. Mechanical C. Habitat isolation, D. Temporal isolation. 30. Certain caterpillars resemble green leaves or twigs to hide from predators. Name this type of defensive adaptation. A. Cryptic coloration. B. Aposematic coloration, C. Batesian mimicry. D. Miillerian mimicry. (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknolog! MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 7 ASISEP 2014/B10091 PART B (70 MARKS) QUESTION 1 a) FIGURE 2 below shows the general structure of an amino acid. : EZ tie rN | FIGURE 2 i) Draw the zwitterionic form of this amino acid. (2 marks) ii) The R group for amino acid Serine is -CH,OH. With the help of FIGURE 2, draw the molecular structure of amino acid Serine. (1 mark) b) FIGURE 3 shows a part of a nucleic acid structure. wa, "7 S)—ni, Ha at dodu LVAD wf ow O. | ° ob er” SP é on On FIGURE 3 i) Name this type of nucleic acid. (1 mark) ii) Explain your answer in (b)(). (2 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 8 ASISEP 2014/B10091 ©) Properties of water contribute to moderation of temperature for living organisms. Explain. (3 marks) QUESTION 2 a) FIGURE 4/is a drawing made from an electron micrograph of a mammalian liver cell. FIGURE 4 i) Name structure S. State ONE (1) function of S. (2 marks) ji) Describe the feature of structure U. (1 mark) iii) Ribosomes are found in abundance in liver cells. State the components of the large and small subunits of ribosomes. (1 mark) iv) Ribosomes are important in the synthesis of proteins that can be carried out at two different locations. Name the two locations and differentiate the types of products formed. (4 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknolog! MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 9 ASISEP 2014/B10091 b) FIGURE 5 shows part of structure U from FIGURE 4. FIGURE 5 i) State ONE (1) function of structure Y. (1 mark) ii) Based on FIGURE 4 and FIGURE 5, describe and explain how structure T helps structure U in transporting substances. (4 marks) c) Name ONE (1) structure that helps maintain the shape of an animal cell, (1: mark) d) In an experiment, liver cells which have an internal osmolarity equivalent to 0.9% NaCl are placed in a beaker containing 15% NaCl solution. Explain what happens to the liver cells. (3 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL, 10 ASISEP 2014/B10091 QUESTION 3 a) FIGURE 6 below illustrates the mechanism of enzyme action. Detector O Suara £08 FIGURE 6 i) Identify the effector shown. (1 mark) li) Referring to the diagram, explain how the active enzyme is produced. (3 marks) b) FIGURE 7 belowis a profile of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, Rate of Reaction \ ‘Substrate Concentration FIGURE 7 i) Copy this graph. Then draw another line to show the effect of competitive inhibitor on the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. (1 mark) ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i). (2 marks) iii) Suggest how to overcome the effect of competitive inhibition. (1 mark) © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, " ASISEP 2014/B10091 QUESTION 4 a) FIGURE 8 represents two main stages of cellular respiration. Glucose + t 1 | Glycolysis, Pyruvate 2 Compound X Molecule ¥ eee Malate x isocitrate Vy; co, 4 Molecule Y Fumarate Krobe olecul h Molecule Z Cycle -ketoglutarate 7 \, co, ae Molecule ¥ ee ATP. FIGURE 8 i) In which step of the Krebs cycle does substrate level phosphorylation occur? (1 mark) ji) State where glycolysis occurs in a cell. (1 mark) )) Show the reaction labeled 2 in the diagram, per glucose molecule. (3 marks) iv) Name molecules Y and Z. (2 marks) v) Name the process in which molecules Y and Z are involved in the production of ATP. Briefly explain the process. (4 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 2 ASISEP 2014/B10091 b) FIGURE 9 shows non-cyclic electron flow during light reaction. Oxygen ‘atom Photosystem | Photosystem II FIGURE 9 i) Name the reaction centre for photosystem | and photosystem II. (2 marks) ii) An enzyme will split compound M forming oxygen. Identify M and state its function in the light reaction. (2 marks) iii) What will happen to the Calvin cycle if no compound M is supplied to the light reaction? (3 marks) iv) In certain instances, electron flow may follow a cyclic flow. Suggest a reason for this cyclic electron flow. (1. mark) ©) Other than Ca plants, C, and CAM are adaptations used by certain plants to minimize photorespiration and optimize Calvin cycle. i) Differentiate C3 and C; plants. (4 marks) ii) How do CAM plants conserve water during the day? (1 mark) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 13 ASISEP 2014/B10091 QUESTION 5 a) TABLE 1 shows concentration of solutes in the urine, blood plasma and glomerular filtrate. Glomerular filtrate refers to the fluid filtered through the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule of the renal tubules. Solutes - Concentration of solute (gilitre) Urine Blood Plasma | Glomerular filtrate Glucose oO 1.0 1.0 Protein 0 70.0 0 Potassium ions T 15 02 oz ‘Sodium ions I 3.0 3.0 3.0 Urea | 20.0 0.3 0.3 TABLE 1 i) Explain the differences in the concentration of protein in blood plasma and glomerular fitrate, (2 marks) ii) Explain how the glomerular filtrate is produced. (2 marks) FIGURE 10 below shows part of a mammalian nephron. ee © 3 2 : 2 g 600 = 5 || FIGURE 10 The numbers on the diagram show the changes in the relative concentration of solutes in the filtrate as it passes through that part of the nephron. Explain how, in the ascending limb, the relative concentration of solutes in the filtrate changes from 1400 to 300. (3 marks) © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 14 ASISEP 2014/B10091 b) FIGURE 11 below shows a graph of normal distribution of a population at the beginning of a natural selection process. The arrows indicate the direction of selection pressure. Number of individuals FIGURE 11 i) Name the type of natural selection shown in FIGURE 11. (1 mark) ii) Using an example, describe (b) (i). (3 marks) ii) State ONE (1) outcome of natural selection, (1 mark) END OF QUESTION PAPER (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologl MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 14 ASISEP 2014/B10091 b) FIGURE 11 below shows a graph of normal distribution of a population at the beginning of a natural selection process. The arrows indicate the direction of selection pressure. sanz | | | " \ Trait FIGURE 11 i) Name the type of natural selection shown in FIGURE 11. (1 mark) ii) Using an example, describe (b) (i). (3 marks) State ONE (1) outcome of natural selection. (1: mark) END OF QUESTION PAPER (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,