M4 – Lesson 9 : The Nervous

and Sensory System

CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY

1
FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019
 The Nervous System
The Nervous System is the master controlling and communicating system
of the body.
It controls and coordinates all essential functions of the body including
all
other body systems allowing the body to maintain homeostasis or its
delicate balance.
Functions of Nervous System
 1. Gathers information from both inside and outside the body through our
senses- Sensory Function
 2. Transmits information to the processing areas of the brain and spine.
 3. Processes the information in the brain and spine, Communication and
Coordination.- Integration Function
 4. Sends information to the muscles, glands, and organs so they can respond
appropriately – Motor Function
 5. Controls all the body functions

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION

2019
Neuron
 Basic functional cell of nervous system
 Transmits impulses (up to 250 mph)
 Parts of a Neuron
 Dendrite – receive stimulus
and carries it impulses toward
the cell body
 Cell Body with nucleus –
nucleus & most of cytoplasm
 Axon – fiber which carries
impulses away from cell body
 Schwann Cells- cells which
produce myelin or fat layer in
the Peripheral Nervous System
 Parts of a Neuron
 Myelin sheath – dense lipid
layer which insulates the
axon – makes the axon look
gray
 Node of Ranvier – gaps or
nodes in the myelin sheath
 Impulses travel from
dendrite to cell body to
axon
 3 types of neuron:
 Sensory neurons – bring messages to CNS, to brain and
spinal cord. AFFERENT
 Motor neurons - carry messages from CNS, from brain
and spinal cord to body. EFRERENT
 Interneurons – between sensory & motor neurons in the
CNS (both)
 VERTEBRATES: NERVOUS
SYSTEM
 Simplest Vertebrates:
mammals, fish, birds, reptiles
and amphibians
 Nervous system is responsible
for the intelligence of the
animal, for its awareness of
the surroundings and for the
power of learning.
 Nervous system regulates the
actions of the animal
VERTEBRATES: NERVOUS SYSTEM

 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM contains:

 BRAIN- becomes much larger and more complex
 SPINAL CORD- protected by vertebrae at the dorsal
(back of heart and gut)

 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

 Transmits sensory and motor signals between the
CNS and the rest of the body
VERTEBRATES NERVOUS SYSTEM
VERTEBRATES NERVOUS SYSTEM

 Vertebrae begun as:

 Prosencephalon (forebrain)
 Mesencephalon (midbrain)
 Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

 They are all present in all

vertebrates
 In more complex brains, they
are further subdivided for
integration of complete tasks
INVERTEBRATES: NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Invertebrates nervous systems
have different degrees of
centralization, cephalization,
and specialization.
 CNIDARIANS- (jellyfish) have a
simple nerve net
 ECHINODERMATA- (starfish, sea
urchin, sea cuccumber) have a
epidermal nerve net
 PLATYHELMINTHES and
ANNELIDA- (flat worms,
earthworms) composed of
longitudinal nerve cords
INVERTEBRATES: NERVOUS
SYSTEM
INVERTEBRATES: NERVOUS
SYSTEM
 CEPHALOPOD MOLLUSKS- (octopus, snails, scallops,
cattle fish) the most developed nervous system
among all invertebrates. Ganglia
 ANTROPODS- (spider, butterfly, scorpion, crab) they
have segmental ganglia
 NEMATODA- (round worm) they have nerve ring
 PORIFERA- (sponges) they do not have true nervous
system but there is oscula.
INVERTEBRATES NERVOUS SYSTEM
 To learn more about the nervous
system , please watch the video
below
 References:
http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/actionpotential.swf

https://www.soinc.org/sites/default/files/uploaded_files/3-
17_NERVOUS_HANDOUT.pdf

https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/12-1-basic-structure
-and-function-of-the-nervous-system/

https://www.slideshare.net/vacagodx/evolution-of-the-nervous-system

https://www.thoughtco.com/divisions-of-the-brain-4032899

https://slideplayer.com/slide/10415086/