Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Neeraj Kumar
Manager, NRLDC
Presentation Outline
Introduction
General overview of switching
scheme
Summary of Switching Scheme
Peculiar Schemes
Highlights of Switching Scheme of
Constituent in Northern Region
1
Switching Scheme Selection Criterion
Safety of Personnel
Reliability
Feeder fault: how system is affected?
Bus Bar fault how system is affected?
Protective zone
Ease in operation and maintenance
Breaker Maintenance
• is it possible without loosing the element?
Bus Bar Maintenance
• is it possible without loosing the element?
Complexity/Simplicity
Cost :Techno economical consideration
Provision of future expansion
2
Extracts from Transmission Planning Criteria of CEA
3
SINGLE BUS SCHEME (SB)
552
489-A
189-A 289-A 389-A
352 452
152 252
4
Maintenance :
S IN G L E B U S S C H E M E W IT H S E C T IO N IZ E R
5 8 9 -A 5 8 9 -B
552
4 8 9 -A
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
352 452
152 252
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B 3 8 9 -B 4 8 9 -B
F e e d e r-1 F e e d e r- 2 F e e d e r -3 F e e d e r -4
Maintenance of Breaker:
For doing the maintenance feeder is to be off
Maintenance of Bus:
If it is sectionized only partial part of bus will be under
shutdown.Sectionalizing helps if we have multiple source and load
If it without sectionization It requires shutdown of whole bus
Advantage:
Simplest & Cheap
With addition of Sectionaliser reliability increases
Disadvantage:
Maintenance of a CB require shut down of whole
feeder
Maintenance of a Bus require total outage of all the
feeder
In case of failure of breaker to clear the fault on any
feeder results into opening of all the Breaker.
5
Where SB type of scheme is used?
Utility 220 kV
HP Kango, Jeori
UP Meerut-PP
MAIN BUS
189-A 289-A
389-A
152 252
352
189-B 289-B
389-B
189-T 289-T
TRANSFER BUS
6
Maintenance :
M A IN A N D T R A N S F E R B U S S C H E M E (M T )
M A IN B U S
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A
3 8 9 -A
1 5 2 2 5 2
3 5 2
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B
3 8 9 -B
1 8 9 -T 2 8 9 -T
T R A N S F E R B U S
U S E D : H S E B -D A D R I F e e d e r-2
F e e d e r-1
Maintenance of Breaker:
Can be done by taking Bus coupler into service.
Maintenance of Bus:
Not possible without complete shutdown of substation
Advantage:
Low initial cost & flexible operation
Any one Breaker ,line protection, bay can be taken
out of service any time for maintenance through the
bus tie breaker
Disadvantage:
This scheme like the single Bus scheme requires
shutdown of station for the bus maintenance
In case of fault on the bus there is complete outage.
Require one more Breaker than the total number of
connection . So Number of Breaker per feeder=No of
Breaker / No of feeder
7
Where MT type of scheme is used?
Utility 220 kV
UP (16) Locations
Uttranchal (2 )Locations
S IN G L E B U S S C H E M E ( S B )
1 8 9 - A 2 8 9 - A 4 8 9 - A
3 8 9 - A
1 5 2 2 5 2 4 5 2
3 5 2
1 8 9 - B 2 8 9 - B 4 8 9 - B
3 8 9 - B
F e e d e r - 1 F e e d e r - 2 F e e d e r - 3 F e e d e r - 4
M A IN A N D T R A N S F E R B U S S C H E M E (M T )
M A IN B U S
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A
3 8 9 -A
1 52 25 2
3 52
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B
3 8 9 -B
1 8 9 -T 2 8 9 -T
T R A N S F E R B U S
U S E D : H S E B -D A D R I F e e d e r-2
F e e d e r-1
8
Double Bus scheme with one Breaker and
Bypass Isolator (DBSB)
BUS-1
289-A
189-A 389-A
352
189-B 289-B
389-B
BUS-2
189-L 289-L
Feeder-1 Feeder-2
D o u b le B u s s c h e m e w ith o n e B r e a k e r a n d
B y p a s s Is o la to r (D B S B )
B U S -1
2 8 9 -A
1 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
352
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B
3 8 9 -B
B U S -2
2 8 9 -C B u s C o u p le r
1 8 9 -C B ay
1 52 1 8 9 -T 25 2
2 8 9 -T
1 8 9 -L 2 8 9 -L
F e e d e r-1 F e e d e r-2
9
Double Bus With Single Breaker Scheme(DBSB)
Utility 220 kV
10
D o u b le B u s s c h e m e w ith o n e B re a k e r
(D B S B -1 )
B U S -1
1 8 9-A 2 89 -A 3 8 9-A
3 52
18 9 -B 2 8 9-B
3 8 9-B
B U S -2
15 2 2 52
B u s C ou p le r
Bay
1 89 -L 2 89 -L
1 8 9-T 28 9 -T
F e ed e r-2
F ee de r-1
Maintenance :
D o u b le B u s s c h e m e w ith o n e B r e a k e r
(D B S B -1 )
B U S -1
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
3 5 2
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B
3 8 9 -B
B U S - 2
1 5 2 2 5 2
B u s C o u p le r
B a y
1 8 9 -L 2 8 9 -L
1 8 9 -T 2 8 9 -T
F e e d e r-2
F e e d e r-1
11
Where DBSB-1 type of scheme is used?
Utility 220 kV
J&K (5) Locations
HP (1) Locations
352
BU S-2
289-L
189-L
Feeder-1 Feeder-2
12
Maintenance :
D o u b le B u s s c h e m e w ith o n e B r e a k e r
(D B S B -2 )
B U S -1
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
3 5 2
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B 3 8 9 -B
B U S -2
1 5 2 2 5 2 B u s C o u p le r
B a y
2 8 9 -L
1 8 9 -L
F e e d e r-1 F e e d e r-2
HP (4-) Locations
HVPNL (18) Locations
UP (8) Locations
13
Comparison of all the Double Bus Scheme
M A IN A N D T R A N S F E R B U S S C H E M E Double Bus schem e with one Breaker and
M A IN B U S
Bypass Isolator
18 9-A 28 9-A
3 8 9-A
1 52 2 52
3 52
18 9 -B 28 9-B
3 89 -B
1 8 9-T 2 89 -T
Bus C oupler
T R A N S FE R B U S B ay
Bus Coupler
Bay
Bus Coupler
Bay
14
Maintenance
D O U B L E B U S W IT H T W O B R E A K E R S C H E M E
(D B D B ) B U S -1
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
1 5 2 -A 2 5 2 -A 3 5 2 -A
1 8 9 -C 2 8 9 -C
3 8 9 -C
1 8 9 -D 2 8 9 -D 3 8 9 -D
1 5 2 -B 2 5 2 -B 3 5 2 -B
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B 3 8 9 -B
B U S -2
15
Where DBDB type of scheme is used?
Utility 400kV
16
Maintenance
:
17
Where DMT type of scheme is used?
Utility 400kV 220 kV
DVB (2) Locations
Powergrid (1) Locations All station except Malerkotla (SB)
18
Maintenance :
Advantage:
Simplest and least expensive bus design
It provides 2 bus protection of each transmission element
At location where there are several source of power from local
generating stations or other sources and with several lines that
primarily supplies loads. Reliability can be enhanced by
alternating source and load lines connected to the bus
Disadvantage:
With one section out remaining section are equivalent to single
bus with sectionalizing circuit breaker
19
Where RB type of scheme is used?
20
Maintenance
:
21
One & Half Transfer Breaker Scheme (B-1/2)
Diagram of Bay
LA LA
WT WT
22
Bus Reactor connection
Utility 400 kV
BBMB (1) Locations
23
Summary
Bus Type Reliability Bus Mtce w/o CB Mtce w/o Relative cost Remarks
/flexibility Power Power
interruption interruption
possible(Y/N) possible(Y/N)
SB Simple N N Low
MT More than N Y Higher I bay has 3 isolator but
SB than SB bus conductor is of lower
quality
DBSB-2 More than Y N Higher I bay has 3 isolator
MT than MT
DBSB-1 More than Y Y Higher than I bay has 4 isolator
DBSB DBSB-2
DBSB Improved Y Y Higher than I bay has 5 isolator
DBSB
RB Minimum N Y Higher than With one CB out
structure DBSB equivalent to SB with
required sectionizer.Complexity
increased for relaying
DMT Better than Y Y Higher than
DBSB/RB DBSB/RB
B-1/2 Flexibility y y Higher
and good
reliability
DBDB Highest y y Highest
reliability
24