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    9 views18 pages

    Tenses (Communication Skills)

    Uploaded by

    Osaid Ahmad

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    S oo “Reser Indefinile lense /Reaonl Simple = Sentence Structure * Sentence can be ¢f three types —> Affirmative /Rsttive —+ Negative ; —> Inferrogative - 2 Talking abort structure of tenses ,concetned Parts oP speech are subjective Na and verb. X Ast form VY verb is vsed the preseni Simple tense, Suirmative / Positive Senences & eseyt \ndetitile tense d? this \ype con be cosy indicated by is fom as Subject +i + Object. (vith S,es, Fes) where Vy, dencles the verl’s form.i-e Ass in this cose. SQ Firat form oP the verb is alse known as present form of the verb. , \n cage of First spetscn stogplar (T), secon * nso SInguiar (You) and ploral Bille 8S a Sybrect jhe verb is qaemed oy presert form the vero. : _ ose Ran hey,We ele) + Va + abject. & For thitd person singular non, we vse present form of the verb with S,es of les, Third person singular Noun (He/She/ It cc) + yng ( bwys Say —_—Y says —\P a verb ts ending na consonant ‘followed by @ \etten S77, Ahenies to ysad insiead ¥ 7.@ ve (consonatl) Y __ x (consonant ies eq country —> coyrvies baat] —_+ banties \ ing | sh 70,2322:8) Fa vero i= ending chsh 9K O7E7 nen esis addeatt in the end ° ch eitesses catch —> coiches wish —} wishes echo —> echseS buzz. —y ovrzes © Rin short | Aifirmative ‘present tnclefivite. eos the ‘Slloxing, foe —YT/Nov / Piura) Ploun, Chhey, We ete.) 4+ Vy 4+0lboject oe persm Singular Se 4 Vis es, ies) 4Objecl Negative Serlences gee pe eae eH Se ne following form. Gee Me Mi + Object where vy, is s helpin verb, suppertin verb or Quyilary Jen. I prog & IF spbject used is” “T/You/Plural & ‘hen hel ping verb fto be used weeny, _ —e 1/a/Poial 5 poe nate Ne ele.) 4 do nal + vat Object -& WW cose of’< a usec Is Br person ue (We She, ete-), dees acl is use oS an aux lary Verb. Sick perscn singular + does not 4.44 abject a) (He,She, It ete. os Sitis oe form Na+ Subject + er Vy, +0jecL _ -+ Do +1/Ya/Plual Now +N, + Object +? xen ~ hey, We cls) > Does + Srd Lane Sigur +4 V, 4 Object + 2 * oe BeMences alway end in Question mark (2) Usage of Vesort_indefiiiie lense — ) When yo talk abet present Jevrrent habit ov revifre. +I alwos al vp early tn the mornin ~~He adit Ges ‘to Stool. a Se When yu vee verbs & percepiion. \t relales to wpre’s Sayses (Heartng ;Smell, losie etc-) —% Nov lock worried —¥ Ve locks happy: R When yoo Talk alot Driversal Truth The ann rises In the cast. —e Living ‘things reqpire water to Survive. -& When you pete a poet oa wiriten, Tle poet says tne dafadits are Peavtitil. +The asthor writes abat the Vlaw= Sn control ems design: When yo talk abat hislov ical present. —¥ Pakistan appears 2 tho map oF the world —¥ The ostraats aneir fret Sep= making history: & When you tell the slory Pa MME 1 Q Arena or a Nove. The prolagpiist oelong= to a pow Tomy j lout he docs nel lose hope. —y Hawry Totter makes Wis way to the secret chamloer. Jand on the tncen qlaiking on the Wwnar surface ahd O & When av de commerlary ob demonsshate something. —r Shaheen passes near the umpire and boullS Q lancer ‘to the lbalsman. Sake four pieces of chicken and wassh dhem with lukewarm water. Examples iC = %e \ooks worried. (Aftiemative /Posiiive) He cloes nol lock worried. CNegalive) Does he lock worried P Cinlerregative) Does he nel lock worried? Qinlerragative ® Negative) —> They regplarly ge to gym. (AKirmattive) Vey clo nat go to gym regularly. (Negative) Do they requiar\y qe to gym Cinterrogative) Do they nd reqplarly ge to gymt (Ant. & Neg.) ST en\°7 poe! v7. CAMirmalive) TL do nt eniey poetry. (Negaive) Do I enjoy poe eee Do L not etjoy poste7® Cnierrogailve & Negative You read newspaper Inne mening. CA) Noy do not ted newspaper tn the morning. (N) “Do you read newspaper Tn the morning. CD) Do 700 not react newspaper ‘in the morning. (18 N) Prescrtl Confinicrs Stes. 2 Fovrth form xr verb is yaad “in snese \onses, which are aleca known aS present partictple, —* Subject + vn + Va Ogiect. CA) > Svbject Vn +nol+V44 Object. CN) > Nit Subject + Va Object?) > Vi, + Sueject+ not +v44+0loject +? (LRN) ~& Yor Subject al aVjtam, & For Svoject: Singlar jv, 2 is. & For Svbojecl ¢ Ploral. 7 Nn? ER AE & Cantinvorvs ea Cast > presen! flute) and periéct aaiinas lenses conloins present poriictple (4th form of verb) as a main Vorb, Ysaqe & At the time Of speaking , action ts centinved. —¥\t is raining Neavily Th Islemolead righ! now, — Lam ting, breakfast. — hey are en jo7ing a cricket match , & Gradwal Change : sis a cold vitth the passage & fine | Sr am fin veogiabie CIC ae Xo ate impteving as a wiriter. & Upcoming near Toture . —yltis gen 4O rain. > We are h m8 a jean meeting nex\ Wwescay —¥ ez ate Qethig married ned month . —y 1 an song jorthe q7m OMOrTOW : ©) R Pe trends and loshias —+ The boa are having Short haircut these dors. —> Eco-friendly malericls cre becoming inctcasingly Va 2 Unvaval or temporary actin. 1 vsvalty ge achdol Wn @ bus , oul today Tam oping ma bike. Nae Examples & He is Neving a grand opening & his shep. (a) He is nat Naving & Grand opening F his Shep. CN) \s he hoving @ grand opening f his Shop 1) \s he nel having a grand opening of his Shop? 18) & Yay are Qcing on atrip with me. (Ay You are nol geing on amp with me. (N) Are yar going on avrip wits mer (1) Are yor nol ping on a ‘rip with merCT&Nn) 2 1 am working cut these days. (A) Lam nc working al these doys (N) Am working at'these doys? @) Am TL nat working oul these clays” CL&N) & Silents ore chuckling nervasty. (A) Srwdents are pat Chveklin nervas|y. CN Are students chuckling nervously? CD Are sivdenls nd chuckling nervesly? Cen) & Fast parliciple (Sra form oF verb) is used fq perlect (past , present fore) fences. > Subject +V, +V3 + Object . CA) — Svojeci + Vat nol 4 Ve+ Object CN) 7 Vy tSugject + Vs4 Obiect iP GQ) ~? Nw t Suoject +c avsaObojeda? Gren) & Yor Sabjecl: T/Ney/ Plural jv, shave. * Subject ¢Srd perscn Singular, Vn shag, Usage When 7 Talk abot an action thal Nappened in Hear Past in ‘ince time . —Thhey hove juct finished their Joo —> He hos recently jcined thie Compan y, “&Uhen yeu talk about an event that hoppened In PUSt lov hod teavtt o eflect in presen —* He has had an acalcert “® When you talk abevl an action shal happened in post repediled ty and 7H Seped Wold Hoppe again tn present eT hove seen actger atthe vis. Se\hen you compare present and past regarding changes. She has beame mote mare than she wos in her youth. ° Storied in Sewlhen you tale aloo on Roost = an Ss ° be Send hows een in England. . ay When you vse “iL is the Fie time” oo“ This fS the fiat time”. — tHe hes, This is the firsttime he has cocked fbad . More Examples & LT nave completed my research. CA) JT have not completed my vesearch, CN) C1) Have TI compleled my research? Hove T net completed my research? Cian ) St You Nowe rine my room, CA) Xo hove nol vunined my room. Cn) Hove you ruined my recom C1) Howe you nol ruined my room? Cen) & They nove been to Lonckn, CA) They Nave nol been to Londen , CN) Hove they been to London® (1) Hove they nol been to Landon? (1&N) && Pane has completed Hs test fight. (4) Pane has nol ompleted 1s test Sight (N) Has plane completed Ws test fight. = ) Hos plane nol completed is tosh Pight -C8N) Resen! Perec! Continence () & Maly Verb: Resent particpie (Ath forim oP verb) & Strocure hae ovina object 4Vy + OeSH Vy Doject4 SMe, Sauting Hime \\ 4 J for Aime ame aa 5 yoct+ Since , Starling time - + Subject +\etnel +tosen+ v4 FObjeclt at ime Rama ON) 5 ~ ji starting 1% Vit Suiect+v4+Object + Sisse + Soe (3) —¥ Vint Subject +netabeen ta Okjects Since Slocting Hime 765 yy) S For subect oT /Nou/Ploral ,Vy2 have Pore 2 Yor Svboject : Srd persen Singular ; Vy + has Usage “@ When Jor Falk about an action thal te continued IM presen time , and VW stavied in past time. “You must Know_cne of the two pieces oF inPrna_ ~tien 2 peinl oF time or Peried oP time. —vhhey hove been playing crickel since mooning. ye has been F lying kites for che hour, omic & 1 have been visiting my schocl for many years,(X) Ll have nol been visiting my schoel For mony ycous. CN) Have 1 been Visiting my school for many yeotsP CP) Have T nol been visiting my school far many years? (18N) & She has been writing this poom since Sunday, (A) sre hos net been writing this pcan since Sunde CN) yas She been werting this poem since Sundey? (1) Was She nol been writing Ais poem since Sunday? (en) (Rest ndefirite Tense & Main yer: End form oP the verb, *& Did’ is Incerportsled ass an avyilavy verb in negative ond ilerrogative Structure. ee . Svoject+Va+ Object . CA = Subject tdlid +not+Va+Objecl. CN } Did +Subject a Natovject? (1) = Did+ Subject + nota va sobject? CG&N) Maiq Verb will yewe 40 “Aah s form oP Verb th negaiive and Sage ‘ntevrogative sentence seal, talk albasl an aotfon thect happened in post’; and 7ov Mention defile time oF happen & he action, "4 —» Pokisian wa the heckey world cup io 1994, —~T met my friends lost month . -S When ryov ask about the time of happening XP fon aetfon | —¥ When did you Invile them! e\then did “Ve fidish His tasky RQwhen ik is contemed that action hosppened ot clefiniic tine 7bvt time '= nol mentioned , — You were ten minuies late, ie saw Wim al zoo. stthen yoy alk abot an adlfon Act happened! Sen cericin time Ppatied ar for a moment . ethey Wed tm England Fee ie yates +ySie worked tne fr mory wor ewrey YO alk alaatt post hols, SeHe always wet race Ya Scheel ey neon fold We ‘in thels Young Age . Examples — the stucents went to school yesterday (4) sway The ssluclens did nol ge to SPhoel Peslerday. Cy) Did athe sticlenls go to Serpol yeslexclay® ay Did the shelanis Nal got te school yesterday” CL&N) —Yey wen the prize \qai year They did not wi es ee iY e7 did nol win the prize losi year, CN) Did they win the Prize lasl yea? WV) Did they not win the spfize last year? BN) —Y We played crickeel on Sunday? (A) Wie did nal play cricket cn Sunday. CN) Did we Play cricket on Sunday? C1) Did we net play crtcke} on Sunday? CEN ) More Usage. & When you vse secynd conc ticnal =S\P 1 worked hard, weld be svccessti)- —3IP it rained we wWaild nel go te market | When you show Coulst ovv unveality ‘jin the present - —+ He behaves ndely as i¥ we did something varong, _ eo are cenfideil os “hah ~yov Beep knew the answer cto show unreal past with A is me” _e itis tine we ‘ught thom back. _* \t Is Hme — fo Lanote., oy aueation answer In presen perléct 5 ti Qwhen y' ws ae P periect ,time _ 5A; Hove -you oeen “here +o wach “he moviet Bri Ves, 1 hove beech, AcOid yo ©nje7 the MM Re Vea. 1 did. ee ® _— Bst Gaius Tense 2 Math veplo ¢ presen! Parliciple (Aah fOr SiMe veh) — Vwieture te Subject+ Vn tV44 Object. (A) + Subject + Wanol tv, 40bjed\ - CN) “Vy FSO|EC Vat Object ? C1) Nyt Suigject4 nol Vya Object? CRN ) XFov spbjiect eX Y SHGISCI ¢ ‘You /Plurat ,y, = were. For subject ot /thitd perecn Singular, vy= was. Usage “When yoy talk aloyt 7 FOr eae duration ii, the Poke gS con one the exact slarth point f the ction. aie were pidyng hockey on Suncloyy you jal about Gradual et J bot wey dla nd mention time, age Ne Pa ~ lt was getting dark SWhen you Jalk about two acticns jn the post. Bae action Wos continued when the cther action oppened. —t When “1 reached home they were watching the 3 When you talk about anaclion thet wos conitnvel os a specific spaint inthe past. —y We were ean Wo od 6 o'clock. When you JalKabett an action thet Heqpertly hav eck fh the past ane onneyect Sonene . -y Wey were alloys sharing a) each other. XO Gn Show mare casval ard less deflbente rion in the * as Ye hos cleaning \Yis room, Bamples de +1 was tecding an Inieresiting loak. A) T wos rol reading an inieresting book CN) We “EL reading An tnieresting books WV) Wos T not reacting an Interesting book? (1&N) Yoo! Perfect lense. Matin vepb 2 Vg Grd Bem Phe verb) /st participle g Helping Verb Wp) @ had . &Sinvclvre SSpvject + hadsys+0gyed (A) 7 SvGeci + had +nolt+Vy+0oject CN) rad A Subject + V5.4 Giged® > 7 Nad + Subject + notevs+ Object? (VGN) sage -& When you “talk abou ov “fe tn the rN Co oo acta —Thad compleled my tectwe lnctore 9 o'clock. When you talk abet two acifons which happened fn the post. the action shat happened first will be Shawn ‘by Pos) Perfect, and the ocivon dhal happened later wit be Shown by Fost Indefinite tense - —r When you reached whe Slation ,the train Nad Qe. : _yThe Wain hos gone before YOU reached the sjaticn sya reached the stetion alter the “twain nod gone. now. ST ned net chopped the cotich we would no} hove Jost the match, wy Examples EL had victed my School before this summer) T had nol visited my =chool before tis summer. (N) Had TE vsted my school before this summer? ¢}) Hod T nel visited my school before this Summer? (gn) Resi Perfect Continuas “lense & Nain verb : present participle (4h form A the verl) % Hetpng verb yn hod RQvevte, ; . a —* Subject + hadsbeen +V4+ object Since. Starting tae (A) —rSvbject thadnolibeen +44 0bject 4 since, Siactag tne, (CN) * ae je ame shad 4 gubjec+ been + vat Object + Sine + slatiinting? C1) Hime Way ~PHad Subject nel abeent 44 Coject+ Since sSractng ne, 7 (RN) | ime fame Usage When you talk abel an actin that starled in pest ae Friched belore or at the time - speaking. You MUSL Know one ef’ the Iwo pieces of fnformatian 2 spain of time ov perred 1 aseaume they till ge to Lahore. 24 sue he will all me 7 ‘oelieve the weather wifil —r i think you willl oem nel ty eae —t We hepe eur‘team vill tin the match, When yeu talk qbat vie habival actens which we expect will happen again. —¥ Winter uf) Start socn. —eThe children will enfey their weekend, Q Fis\_ cenciitienal . wy \F yeu work hard you wil get success, _—y\Pil tains we vill nol play hockey. boamples | gx We shall visit cur Schoo| (A) we shall not visit ow school. CN) Syoll we Visit ovr Scheel? GQ) Shall we not vist ar school? UEN) ©) Fite Corina Terms Main verb : v4 (Present) parlicipte) (41h Form F vert Siwetvie — ugject + Vatboe 4 Vat Object CA) Slloject + vy 4 Net poo+V44 Ogjecl CN) PBeVi + Subject toe +V4 + Objeck? a) Nn A Subject + Nol the +v4+ Ogyect+ P CEN) SX Yor object + Ast person (1,We) y Vane Shall & For Sioject ¢ end You) /Brd person's Vp g Will. Usage & When you assume action will be_comiinved th presen ov ure ~m the bask of au knowledge . —eThe7 will be going for a picnic. —& She will be reading @ book In the Nboray. When yon Folk abot fiture wlithout inlenssticn or deliberation. —tThey will be ‘\acing series threal oPwaler roihy . —-You wil) be walking in the garden, Examples XL shall be visittn my sschoel . (A) 1 shall nol ke Visiting my school. tN) Shall 1 be visilthg my school? Cty hall 1 nd be visiting my sxtsschool? U&N) Q She willl be wiityg this poem. She wil) nol be writing wis poem, WH she he wwiting jhis\poems : Will ahe not be wntiting this poem’ Tlie Yerfecl “lense 9 & Nain Vevlo + Vg (Rast Rarticpte) Brel form of the vert &

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