ST.
SCHOLASTICAS COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN
OF OLDER ADULT
DONAIRE, CRISTINE DOMINIQUE E.
FIRST SEMESTER 2023
CARE OF OLDER ADULT
V. LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVES AND THEORIES are accumulated over one’s life, depleting the
OF AGING physiologic body
Framework of Life Course Adaptation Theory
 Acquisition
 Struggle
 Legacy
ACQUISITION
 is collecting all that we experience and pick up in life
from the time we come into existence
 we acquire both negative and positive things right
after the moment we begin to live
 goes on until we acquire the goal orientation of life
 each kind of life needs further acquisition
 quality of what we have in life will give us strength, the
grace, and the force to undergo whatever trial, crisis,
or struggles we shall meet later on life
 our first acquisition in life were all given to us. As we
grow in age and wisdom, we do active and actual
acquisition. Through exploration of the world we live
in, we begin to learn and acquire habits and the
customs we see in the people around us.
STRUGGLE
 it can take the form of any difficulty, test, or challenge
while we live
 challenges and trials are good in the sense that they
make people utilize properly the resources acquired
and stored in oneself in the earlier part of life
 what makes an individual grow old gracefully is the
quality of coping with the struggles and crises
 struggles in life can either makes us grow gracefully
and deter us from going further in our growth and
development
 there are various ways in coping for struggles, but
what will count is the acquisition in earlier life
LEGACY
 level of self-acquisition
 has already formed someone along his/ her pathway,
and is able to project the good experiences in life
gained through the years
 able to contribute to society
 quality of what was acquired in earlier life many times
dictates the kind of legacy
BIOCHEMICAL AGING THEORIES
Wear and Tear Theory
 the person gets old as the cells, nerves, muscles and
body parts are worn out through the years
Somatic Mutation Theory
 describes how exposure to low doses of radiation
accelerates the aging process. The theory assumes
that this exposure shorten lives of mutating cells.
Deprivation Theory
 lack of essential nutrients and poor oxygen delivery to
body cells leads to aging
PHYSIOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT THEORIES
Stress Theory
 describes aging as the cumulative effects of the
stresses of living. Stresses leave residual effects that
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CARE
 links aging to failure of body mechanisms to adapt to
stress. These are evident in the lowered immune
system in old age.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORIES
Disengagement Theory
 involves withdrawal of older person from the
characteristic of middle age, socialization, work and
related activities
Activity Theory
 holds that the self-concept of an older person is
related to his social roles
 older persons who are more active have greater
satisfaction in life
 this theory encourages continued activity and
involvement in social activities
Continuity Theory
 state that the factors in adjustment to old age are the
previous coping mechanisms and continuous roles
and activities
PHYSIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF AGING
CAUSES OF POPULATION AGING
Theory of Demographic Transition
 describes the long term trends in birth and death rates
across populations
Growth
 is an increase in the physical size of a whole or any of
its parts. This is manifested in length, weight, and
width of the body.
Development
 it is the continuous, orderly series of conditions that
leads to activities, new motive for activities, and
eventual pattern of behavior and actuation of the
person.
Patterns of Growth and Development
 variety of indication of growth and development that
each individual displays from childhood to adulthood
Cephalocaudal Development
 the process by which development proceeds from the
head downward through the body, towards the feet.
Proximodistal Development
 development proceeds from the center of the body
outward toward the extremities
Differentiation
 the development from simple operations to more
complex activities and functions. There is usually a
sequential order in the stages that each child passes
through during development. Each stage is affected
by the preceding stage and affects the stages that
follow.
Critical Period
 the time period in which the child is especially
responsive to certain environmental effects, and is
sometimes called the sensitive period of growth and
development
ST. SCHOLASTICAS COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN CARE
OF OLDER ADULT
DONAIRE, CRISTINE DOMINIQUE E.
FIRST SEMESTER 2023
Anticipatory Guidance Organ changes
 process of understanding the upcoming Heart
developmental needs of the person from childhood to  grows slightly larger with age
older years, including teaching caregivers to meet  maximal oxygen consumption during exercise
those needs. Need to be given importance during the declines in men by about 10% in each decade of adult
puberty and adolescence stage. life and women by about 7.5%.
THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF AGING  cardiac output stays nearly the same
Germinal Period of Life Lungs
 the period of conception to two weeks of life  Maximum breathing capacity may decline by about
Embryonic Period of Life 40% between the ages 20-70
 two weeks to eight weeks Brain
Fetal Period  with age, the brain loses some cells and others
 eight weeks to forty weeks become damaged
Birth  it adapts by increasing the number of connections
between cells (synapses) and by regrowing the
 toddler stage branch like extensions (dendrites and axons) that
 preschool age carry messages in the brain
 school age Kidneys
 pre-puberty
 gradually becomes less efficient extracting waste from
 puberty the blood
 adolescence  bladder capacity declines
EMPHASIS THAT NEEDS TO BE FOCUSED IN Body Fat
EVERY STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
1. Health habits  body does not lose fat with age but redistributes it
2. Prevention of illness and injury from just under the skin to deeper parts of the body
3. Prevention of poisoning and accidents  women are more likely to store it in lower body (hips
4. Nutrition and thighs)
5. Dental Care  men in the abdominal area
6. Sexuality Muscles
7. Health promotion guidance to help them develop  without exercise estimated in muscle decline is 22%
strategies that will enhance social development, for women and 23% for men between the ages 30-70
family and community relationships, and school  exercise can prevent this loss
vocational achievement. Sight
FACTORS INFLUENCING GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
 difficulty focusing close up may begin in the 40s
AND AGING
 ability to distinguish fine details may begin to decline
Genetics in the 70s
 diseases in the family might be inherited through  from 50 onwards, there is increased susceptibility to
genes glare, greater difficulty in seeing at low levels of
 chromosomes carry genes that determine physical illumination, and more difficulty in detecting moving
characteristics, intellectual potential and personality targets
Nutrition Hearing
 has the greatest influence on physical growth and  it becomes more difficult to hear high frequencies with
intellectual development because adequate nutrition age
provides essentials for physiologic needs which in  hearing declines more quickly in men than in women
turn promote health and prevent illness Skin
Prenatal and environmental factors  structural characteristics of aged skin include:
 this begins in utero. It includes nutrition from the dryness, roughness, wrinkling, laxity, and increased
mother, exposure to alcohol, cigarette smoke, incidence of neoplasms, both benign and malignant
infections, drugs, radiation, and chemicals. These  functional changes includes; decline in cell
influence the growth and development of the child. replacement, barrier function, wound healing,
Family and Community immunologic responsiveness and thermoregulation
 a stimulating environment helps a child reach his Hair
physical potential. Family structure and community  substantially grays in about 50% of persons by age
support services influence the environment in the 50, apparently due to loss of melanocytes
process of growth and development of a child Personality
Cultural Factors
 after age 30 personality is stable
 customs, traditions, and attitudes of cultural groups  sudden changes in personality sometimes suggest
influence the child’s growth and development in terms disease process
of physical health, social interaction, and assumed Graceful Aging
roles.

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ST. SCHOLASTICAS COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN CARE
OF OLDER ADULT
DONAIRE, CRISTINE DOMINIQUE E.
FIRST SEMESTER 2023
 Means accepting the reality of the aging process and
preparing for its arrival.

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