MANAGING AN INTRAVENOUS FLUID

Purpose:

- To provide fluid and Electrolyte maintenance, restoration and replacement.

- to give medication

Indication:

- Dehydration: If the patient is dehydrated, a more isotonic solution may be required to rehydrate them adequately.

- when the px fluid requirement or electrolyte balance has changed. To provide water-soluble vitamins medication.

RUNNING OUT OF FLUID:

If IV bag or container is empty, it needs to be replaced with a new one to continue delivering the necessary fluid and
medication to the px.

COMPLICATIONS: FHPEAAVOVI

1. FLUID OVERLOAD: Characterized by distended neck veins, HBP, Tachycardia, SOB, crackles in the lungs and edema.

TX:

 terminate IV fluid
 semi fowlers position
 Monitor VS and O2 Stat.
 Adjust rate after correcting fluid overload
 Administer Diuretics if prescribe by the Dr.

2. HEMATOMA

- clotted blood forms in an organ, tissue or body space.

- occurs when there is leakage of blood from the vessel into the surrounding soft tissue.

3. PHLEBITIS

- inflammation of the vein

Causes:

 irritation of the vein by a foreign body or irritating medication

 injury of the vessel wall from the catheter
 infection linked to bacterial contamination of the I.V system.

Whatever causes remove the catheter ASAP.

4. ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE

- changing IV Fluid alters the px electrolyte balance that lead to complications:

HypoNatremia- low sodium concentration >135 mEq/L

 Hypernatremia- high sodium concentration <145 mmol/L

HypoKalemia- lower than normal potassium level in your bloodstream____3.6-5.2 mmol/l

Hyperkalemia – above normal potassium level in the blood stream

5. ALLERGIC REACTION

- caused by catheter or the drug

- feels itchy, runny eyes and nose, bronchospasm, wheezing and perhaps anaphylaxis

TX: Discontinue IV fluid or remove catheter

6. AIR EMBOLISM

7. VEIN IRRITATION

Causes: High Osmolarity, High or Low PH

8. OCCLUSION- heparin or saline lock.

9. VENOUS SPASM

10. INFECTION

INFUSION SET

LUER LOCK (needle less) and NON-LUER LOCK

Materials Needed:

Infusion Set

IV fluid

IV Cannula

Preperation and Procedure:

1. Verify the Medical Order

Clarify inconsistency

Check the px allergies

Check IV containers color, leaking, and expiration date.

Know the purpose of IV ad. And med. Order

2. Gather all equipment

3. Perform hand hygiene

4. Identify the px with 2 identifyers

Observe the 7 right of medicine administration

5. Provide Privacy

Explain the procedure and the purpose of doing it

6. Open the package and maintain sterile technique

remove cap from spike, and remove cap from the IV container

kink the tube below the filter and insert to the injection port

make sure the V-track controller (roller clamp) is close

upright and hook

prime and let fluid flow to the tubing using the plastic to let it flow

capped the luer connector and insert an iv canulla to px.

Slowly open the roller clamp and adjust until correct drop rate is achieved

7. First 30 mins assess the px for allergies.

Ask the px if he/she experiencing any pain or discomfort related to the IV infusion.

Removing and Changing

1. Unhook the IV container

2. remove the cap first before taking off the spike to the old ones
 Insert and regulate flow

IF the tube is AIRY:

Use syringe

Kink proximal to px (harani han px)

Release

Aspirate

After removing the air

Release the v-track controller and regulate the fluids.