The two types of communication models

Previously, it was discussed that the learner's mental processes in constructing and using
interlanguage are likened to a black box. That means that the process cannot be seen. The 'black
box' holds several types of equipment that extract information from input, do it, store it, and then
use it in output (Rod Ellis, 1997). Thus, the mental process is very influential on the learner's
ability to apply language. However, like a tool on a computer, it is not uncommon to experience
problems when processing input. This is in the mental process, it can only be known and
distinguished from the behavior involved in the learner. To overcome this, two different types of
models are proposed, including:

1. Serial process

Information is processed in a series of sequential steps and produces a representation of what has
been learned as a kind of 'rule' or 'strategy'.

This dominant process is a process when learners receive information related to language, for
example, when a simple present tense sentence that uses the subject she, he, it will be followed
by verb + s. then, it changes when it becomes a negative or interrogative sentence. Things like
that, serve as a benchmark for learners to remember how simple present tense rules are, and
become their strategy in applying language.

2. Parallel distribution process

Learners are having the ability to perform a number of mental tasks at the same time.

This model is the opposite of a serial process that uses rules for strategy. According to this idea,
mental structure is a complicated set of separate items. For example, the ed pattern for past tense
cannot be applied to all verbs.