DESIGN AND TESTING OF SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR

AIM:

To design and test a series voltage regulator circuit and plot the regulation characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name Range Quantity

1. Transistors 2N3055,BC107 Each 1
2. DC power supply (0-30)V 1
3. Rheostat 2.2 kΩ,1.1A 1
4. Resistors 150Ω,470Ω,220Ω,20Ω,390Ω Each 1
5. Potentiometer 100 ohm,3W 1
6. Zenerdiode 4.7V 1
7. Voltmeter (0-30)V 1
8. Ammeter (0-500)mA 1
9. Bread Board - 1
10. Connecting Wires - Required

FORMULA:

Stability Factor =dvo/dvin from line regulation

Internal resistance =dvo/dIL from load regulation

VNL  VFL
Percentage regulation = 100
VFL
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PIN DIAGRAM:

2N3055 BC107

C E-Emitter

B-Base
B C-Collector

MODEL GRAPH:

LINE REGULATION: LOAD REGULATION:

VO (V)
Vo (V)

Vin(V) IL(mA)
)
TABULATION:

LINE REGULATION:

Vo(V)
Vin(V)
IL = IL =

LOAD REGULATION:

Vin= Vin= Vin=

IL(mA) Vo(V) IL(mA) Vo(V) IL(mA) Vo(V)

DESIGN STEPS:
Given: Vin=14  1 V, Vo=9V, IL=50mA
Selection of Vz:
VZ must be 50% of Vo
VZ=Vo/2=9/2=4.5V
Selection of ID:
VZ=4.7V
IZ(max)=Po(max)/Vz
=400/4.7=85mA
IZ atleast 20% of ID(max)
IZ=20mA
Design of RD:
AssumeIC2  IE2 =10mA
IZ = ID +IE2
ID = IZ -IE2 = 20 -10 =10mA
Vo - Vz 9 - 4.7
RD = = = 430Ω
ID 10×10-3

Designof R3 :
I = IB2 +IC2
IC1 IE1
IB1 = = [IE1 = IC1 = 600mA]
β β
Transistor 2N3055 β' = 20
Vin (max) - (VBE + Vo ) 15 - (0.7 + 9)
R3 = = = 132.5Ω
I 40
Selection of R1 andR2 :
I1  IB2  I1  IC2
IC2 10×10-3
IB2 = = = 0.1mA
β 100
V 9
R1 +R2 = o = = 900Ω
I1 10×10-3
VR2 = 5.4V
select R1 = 220Ω, R2 = 400Ω, R3 = 390Ω (Refer Fig)
A Rheostat of 400Ω is selected for R 2 .

Design of RL :
Vo 9
RL = = =18Ω
IL 50×10-3
To have variation, RL =100Ω
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as in the circuit diagram.
2. Initially the output voltage is set to 9V and then rheostat is adjusted to 400 ohm.
3. For load regulations, Vin is made constant. RL is varied by adjusting the potentiometer
and corresponding IL is measured from the ammeter.
4. For line regulations, RL is made constant. Vin is varied corresponding IL is measured from
the ammeter
5. Readings are entered in the tabular column and required graphs are drawn.

PRE LAB QUESTIONS

1. Why do we use a Zener diode in a regulator?
2. What is the difference between Line and Load Regulation?
3. What is the need for current limiter circuit in a regulator?
4. Why do we use a 2N3055 transistor in a regulator?
5. An ideal voltage regulation has a Voltage regulation of _____________.

POST LAB QUESTIONS

1. From the Load regulation measurements how is % load regulation affected by
differences in load requirements.
2. When does the pass transistor dissipate more power, at Higher or Lower efficiencies?
Use calculations for support.
3. Name few IC voltage regulators with its specification.
4. Conceptually explain the principle of fold back current limiting. Use the PSPICE graph to
illustrate.
5. In Line Regulation, when does the circuit start to regulate for different load current
settings.

RESULT:
Thus a series voltage regulator circuit is designed and tested.