Professional Documents
Culture Documents
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
&KDS,,,9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
$'pILQLWLRQV(W3URSULpWpV
3U0RVWDID(O<DVVD
&KDS,,,
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
'pILQLWLRQ
6RLW XQHVSDFHGHSUREDELOLWpVRLW XQLQWHUYDOOHGH
2QDSSHOOHYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUHUpHOOH v.a.r VXU WRXWH
DSSOLFDWLRQ GH GDQV D\DQWODSURSULpWp
VXLYDQWH
SRXUWRXWXQLQWHUYDOOH GH ିଵ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
)RQFWLRQGHGHQVLWpHWORLGHSUREDELOLWp
2QDSSHOOHGHQVLWpGHSUREDELOLWpWRXWHIRQFWLRQFRQWLQXHSDU
PRUFHDX[VXUIR WHOOHTXH
ାஶ
ିஶ
2QGLWTX¶XQHYDU DGPHW FRPPHGHQVLWpVL
ିஶ
'DQVFHFDVRQGLWTXH;HVWDEVROXPHQWFRQWLQXHHWRQD
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
)RQFWLRQGHGHQVLWpHWORLGHSUREDELOLWp
ͳ ߣ݁ ିఒ௫ ݔ݅ݏ Ͳ
ܽ א ݔ݅ݏǡ ܾ
݂ሺݔሻ ൌ ൞ܾ െ ܽ ݂ሺݔሻ ൌ ቐ
Ͳ ܽ ב ݔ݅ݏǡ ܾ Ͳ ݔ݅ݏ൏ Ͳ
݂ሺݔሻ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
)RQFWLRQGHGHQVLWpHWORLGHSUREDELOLWp
ࡼ ൏ ࢄ ൌ න ࢌ ࢞ ࢊ࢞
ࢌሺ࢞ሻ
ି
ࡼ ࢄ െ ൌ න ࢌ ࢞ ࢊ࢞
ିஶ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
)RQFWLRQGHUpSDUWLWLRQ
6RLW;XQHYDU DEVROXPHQWFRQWLQXHGHGHQVLWp OD
IRQFWLRQGHUpSDUWLWLRQGH;HVWODIRQFWLRQ GpILQLHSDU
ିஶ
/DIRQFWLRQGHUpSDUWLWLRQSHUPHWGHFDOFXOHUODSUREDELOLWpGH
WRPEHUGDQVQ¶LPSRUWHTXHOLQWHUYDOOH
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
)RQFWLRQGHUpSDUWLWLRQ
3URSULpWpV
6RLW ODIRQFWLRQGHUpSDUWLWLRQG¶XQHYD DEVROXPHQW
FRQWLQXH;GHGHQVLWp DORUV
ͳǤ HVWFURLVVDQWH
)HVWFRQWLQXHVXU
͵Ǥ
௧՜ିஶ ௧՜ାஶ
HQWRXWSRLQWR HVWFRQWLQXH HVWGpULYDEOHHWRQD
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
(VSpUDQFHPDWKpPDWLTXH
6RLW;XQHYDU DEVROXPHQWFRQWLQXHGHGHQVLWp RQGpILQLW
O¶HVSpUDQFHPDWKpPDWLTXHGH;SDU
ାஶ
ܺ ൌන ݔ݀ ݔ ݂ݔ
ିஶ
ାஶ
&HFLVXSSRVHTXH ିஶ
FRQYHUJH
3URSULpWpV
ͳǤ
6L
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
(VSpUDQFHPDWKpPDWLTXHWKpRUqPHGHWUDQVIHUW
6RLW;XQHYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUHDEVROXPHQWFRQWLQXHGHGHQVLWpIHW
VRLW XQHIRQFWLRQ DORUV HVWXQH
YDULDEOHDOpDWRLUHHWRQD
ାஶ
ିஶ
(QSDUWLFXOLHU
ାஶ ାஶ
ఈ ఈ
ିஶ ିஶ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
YDULDQFHHWpFDUWW\SH
6RLW;XQHYDU DEVROXPHQWFRQWLQXHGHGHQVLWp RQ
GpILQLW/DYDULDQFHGH;SDU
ାஶ ାஶ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ିஶ ିஶ
2QDSSHOOHpFDUWW\SHQRWp ODUDFLQHGHODYDULDQFH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
&KDS,,,9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
%/RLV8VXHOOHV
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLXQLIRUPH
/DYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUH;VXLWXQHORLXQLIRUPHVXUOHVHJPHQW>D
E@QRWpH VLVDGHQVLWpGHSUREDELOLWpHVWGRQQpHSDU
ͳ
ܽ א ݔ݅ݏǡ ܾ
݂ሺݔሻ ൌ ൞ܾ െ ܽ
Ͳ ܽ ב ݔ݅ݏǡ ܾ
/DIRQFWLRQGHUpSDUWLWLRQHVW
ͳ ݔ݅ݏ ܾ
ݔെܽ
ݔ ܨൌ ܲሺܺ ൏ ݔሻ ൌ ൞ ܽ א ݔ݅ݏǡ ܾ
ܾെܽ
Ͳ ݔ݅ݏ൏ ܽ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLXQLIRUPH
'HQVLWpGH࣯ሺܽǡ ܾሻ
)RQFWLRQGH
UpSDUWLWLRQ
GH࣯ሺܽǡ ܾሻ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLXQLIRUPH
/¶HVSpUDQFHPDWKpPDWLTXHGHODORLXQLIRUPHVXUO¶LQWHUYDOOH>DE@HVW
ାஶ
ݔ ܾܽ
ൌ න ݔ݀ ݔ ݂ݔൌ න ݀ ݔൌ
ିஶ ܾെܽ ʹ
/DYDULDQFHGHODORLXQLIRUPH࣯ሺܽǡ ܾሻ
ଶ
ܾെܽ
ܽ ݔ ݎൌ
ͳʹ
ǣ
ାஶ ଶ
ݔଶ ܾܽ
ܽ ݔ ݎൌ න ݔଶ ݂ ݔ݀ ݔെ ܺ ܧ ଶ
ൌන ݀ ݔെ
ିஶ ܾെܽ ʹ
ଶ
ܾ ଷ െ ܽଷ ܾܽ
ଶ
ܾെܽ
ൌ െ ൌ
͵ሺܾ െ ܽሻ ʹ ͳʹ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLH[SRQHQWLHOOH
&HWWHYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUHVHUWVRXYHQWjPRGpOLVHUODGXUpHGH
YLHG¶XQSKpQRPqQHVDQVPpPRLUHVDQVYLHLOOLVVHPHQWRX
VDQVXVXUH
± /DGXUpHGHYLHGHODUDGLRDFWLYLWpFKDTXHDWRPHUDGLRDFWLI
SRVVqGHXQHGXUpHGHYLHTXLVXLWXQHORLH[SRQHQWLHOOH
± /DGXUpHGHYLHG¶XQFRPSRVDQWpOHFWURQLTXH
± / LQWHUYDOOHGHWHPSVVpSDUDQWGHX[pYqQHPHQWV3RLVVRQQLHQV
GHX[SDQQHVFRQVpFXWLYHVRXGHX[DFFLGHQWVGHX[DSSHOV
WpOpSKRQLTXHV«
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLH[SRQHQWLHOOH
/DYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUH;VXLWXQHORLH[SRQHQWLHOOHGHSDUDPqWUHߣ Ͳ
QRWpHࣟሺߣሻVLVDGHQVLWpGHSUREDELOLWpHVW
݂ሺݔሻ
ߣ݁ ିఒ௫ ݔ݅ݏ Ͳ
݂ሺݔሻ ൌ ቐ
Ͳ ݔ݅ݏ൏ Ͳ
ܨሺݔሻ
/DIRQFWLRQGHUpSDUWLWLRQHVW
ͳ െ ݁ ିఒ௫ ݔ݅ݏ Ͳ
ݔ ܨൌ ܲሺܺ ݔሻ ൌ ቐ
Ͳ ݔ݅ݏ൏ Ͳ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLH[SRQHQWLHOOH
/¶HVSpUDQFHPDWKpPDWLTXHGHODORLH[SRQHQWLHOOHHVW
ାஶ ାஶ
ͳ
ൌන ݔ݀ ݔ ݂ݔൌ න ି ݁ߣݔఒ௫ ݀ ݔൌ
ିஶ ߣ
/DYDULDQFHGHODORL Ԫሺߣሻ
ାஶ ାஶ ଶ
ͳ ͳ
ܽ ݔ ݎൌ න ݔଶ ݂ ݔ݀ ݔെ ܺ ܧ ଶ
ൌන ݔଶ ߣ݁ ିఒ௫ ݀ ݔെ ൌ
ିஶ ߣ ߣଶ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLH[SRQHQWLHOOH
2QDSSHOOHGHPLYLHGH;ODYDOHXU݄ WHOOHTXHܲ ;!݄
ͳ ͳ ݈݊ሺʹሻ
ܲ ܺ ݄ ൌͳെ ݄ ܨൌ ି୦ ൌ ݄ ൌ ൌ ݈݊ሺʹሻܧሺܺሻ
ʹ ʹ ߣ
3URSULpWp G¶$EVHQFHGHPpPRLUH
ା ା வ௦ା௧
வ௧
;VXLWXQHORLH[SRQHQWLHOOH
֟
;YpULILHODSURSULpWpG¶DEVHQFHGHPpPRLUH
/DORLH[SRQHQWLHOOH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
([HPSOH
2QPRGpOLVHODGXUpHGHYLHG¶XQSURFHVVHXU HQDQQpHV SDUXQHORL
H[SRQHQWLHOOHGHSDUDPqWUH
D 4XHYDXWODGXUpHGHYLHPR\HQQHG¶XQWHOSURFHVVHXU"
E $YHFTXHOOHSUREDELOLWpOHSURFHVVHXUIRQFWLRQQHWLOSOXVG¶XQHDQQpH"
ZĠƉŽŶƐĞƐ͗
^Žŝƚܶ ůĂǀĂƌŝĂďůĞĂůĠĂƚŽŝƌĞĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĂŶƚăůĂĚƵƌĠĞĚĞǀŝĞĚ͛ƵŶ
ଵ
ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƵƌ;ĞŶĂŶŶĠĞƐͿ͖̱ܶࣟ ଶ ܺ ܲ ݐൌ ͳ െ ݁ ିమ ǡ ݐݎݑ ͲǤ
ଵ
Ǥ ܶ ܧൌ ൌʹ
ఒ
ď͘ >ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚĠƋƵ͛ƵŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƵƌĨŽŶĐƚŝŽŶŶĞƉůƵƐĚ͛ƵŶĞĂŶŶĠĞ͗
ଵ
ܲ ܶ ͳ ൌ ͳ െ ܲ ܶ ͳ ൌ ିଶ ͲǡͲͷ
/DORLH[SRQHQWLHOOH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
([HPSOH
hŶĂƚŽŵĞĚĞƐƚƌŽŶƚŝƵŵϵϬƌĞƐƚĞƌĂĚŝŽĂĐƚŝĨƉĞŶĚĂŶƚƵŶĞĚƵƌĠĞĂůĠĂƚŽŝƌĞd
ƋƵŝƐƵŝƚƵŶĞůŽŝĞdžƉŽŶĞŶƚŝĞůůĞ͕ĚƵƌĠĞĂƵďŽƵƚĚĞůĂƋƵĞůůĞŝůƐĞĚĠƐŝŶƚğŐƌĞ͘
^ĂĚĞŵŝͲǀŝĞĞƐƚĚ͛ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶϮϴĂŶƐ͘
Ă͘ ĠƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƌůĞƉĂƌĂŵğƚƌĞߣ ĚĞůĂůŽŝĚĞd͘
ď͘ ĂůĐƵůĞƌůĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚĠƋƵ͛ƵŶĂƚŽŵĞƌĞƐƚĞƌĂĚŝŽĂĐƚŝĨĚƵƌĂŶƚĂƵŵŽŝŶƐ
ϱϬĂŶƐ͘
ZĠƉŽŶƐĞƐ͗
୪୬ሺଶሻ ୪୬ሺଶሻ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
Ǥ ɉ ǣ ൌ ฺɉൌ ൌ ͲǡͲʹͶͺ
ఒ ଶ଼
ౢሺమሻ
ିହ ି ହ
Ǥ ܲ ܶ ͷͲ ൌ ൌ మఴ ିǡଶସ଼ൈହ Ͳǡʹͺͻ͵
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
ଶ
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLQRUPDOH
/DORLQRUPDOHHVWODORLODSOXVLPSRUWDQWHGHVSUREDELOLWpVHWGHV
VWDWLVWLTXHV
2QUHQFRQWUHODORLQRUPDOHORUVTX¶RQDXQHYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUH
FRQWLQXHTXL
± GpSHQGDQWG¶XQJUDQGQRPEUHGHFDXVHVLQGpSHQGDQWHV
± OHVHIIHWVGHVFDXVHVV¶DGGLWLRQQHQW
± DXFXQHFDXVHQ¶HVWSUpSRQGpUDQWH
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
ଶ
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLQRUPDOH
/DYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUH;VXLWXQHORLQRUPDOHGHSDUDPqWUHV
ଶ
QRWpH VLVDGHQVLWpGHSUREDELOLWpHVWGRQQpHSDU
భ ೣషഋ మ
ଵ ି
మ
ଶగఙ
ଶ ଶ
3RXUXQHORLQRUPDOH ( ; HW9DU ;
/RUVTXH FHWWHORLHVWGLWHORLQRUPDOHFHQWUpH
భ
ଵ ି ௫మ
UpGXLWH మ
ଶగ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
ଶ
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLQRUPDOH
ଶ
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLQRUPDOH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
IRQFWLRQGHUpSDUWLWLRQ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
ଶ
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLQRUPDOH
Propriétés (Transformation affine) :
ଶ
6RLW;XQHYDU GHORL DORUV
כ
3RXUWRXW
ଶ ଶ
ିఓ
ఙ
2QXWLOLVHFHWWHSURSULpWpSRXUFDOFXOHUOHVSUREDELOLWpVGH
ଶ
jSDUWLUGH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/DIRQFWLRQGHUpSDUWLWLRQ
G¶XQHORLQRUPDOHQ¶DGPHW
SDVG¶H[SUHVVLRQ
DQDO\WLTXHpOpPHQWDLUH
F¶HVWSRXUTXRLRQXWLOLVH
XQHWDEOHTXLGRQQHOHV
YDOHXUVGHODIRQFWLRQGH
UpSDUWLWLRQGHODORL
ଶ
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLQRUPDOH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
9DOHXUVUHPDUTXDEOHV
Ȃ ܲ ߤ െ ߪ ܺ ߤ ߪ ൌ Ͳǡͺ
Ȃ ܲ ߤ െ ʹߪ ܺ ߤ ʹߪ ൌ Ͳǡͻͷ
Ȃ ܲ ߤ െ ͵ߪ ܺ ߤ ͵ߪ ൌ Ͳǡͻͻ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLVXWLOLVpHVHQVWDWLVWLTXH
1RXVDOORQVH[DPLQHUTXHOTXHVORLVFRQVWUXLWHVjSDUWLUGHODORLV
QRUPDOHV&HVORLVVRQWVXUWRXWXWLOLVpHVHQVWDWLVWLTXH
/RLNKLGHX[߯ ଶ
XWLOLVpHHQVWDWLVWLTXHSRXUHIIHFWXHUGHVWHVWV
/RLGH6WXGHQW
XWLOLVpHSRXUFDOFXOHUO¶LQWHUYDOOHGHFRQILDQFHG¶XQHHVWLPDWLRQ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
ଶ
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLNKLGHX[
/DYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUH;VXLWXQH ORLGH Ȥ NKLGHX[ GH
כ ଶ
SDUDPqWUH GLW degrés de liberté) notée VLVD
GHQVLWpGHSUREDELOLWpHVWGRQQpHSDU
Ͳǡ ݔ൏ Ͳ
ೣ
݂ ݔൌ ൞ ଵ ିଵ
ݔ మ ݁ ିమ ǡ ݔ Ͳ
ଶ మ
మ
ଵ ଶ Ǩ గ
RȞ ݇ ൌ െ ͳ Ǩ Ȟ ݇ ଶ ൌ Ǩ
ሺ మೖ ሻ
ଶ
(;
9DU ;
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLNKLGHX[
7KpRUqPH
6RLHQW ଵ ଶ QYDULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVLQGpSHQGDQWHV
VXLYDQWWRXWHXQH ORLQRUPDOHFHQWUpHUpGXLWHDORUVODYDULDEOH
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଶ VXLWXQHORLGHNKLGHX[GHQGHJUpV
GHOLEHUWp ଶ
5HPDUTXH
2QXWLOLVHGHVWDEOHVSRXUGpWHUPLQHUHQIRQFWLRQGH݊݁ ߙݐODYDOHXU
GH ݒWHOOHTXHܲ ܺ ݒൌ ߙǡ ࢻࢋ࢙࢚ࢇࢋ±࢙ࢋ࢛
6RXYHQWRQSHQGߙ ൌ ͷΨʹǡͷΨ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLNKLGHX[
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLGH6WXGHQW
/DYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUH7VXLWXQH ORLGH 6WXGHQW GHSDUDPqWUH
כ
GLW degrés de liberté) notée VLVDGHQVLWpGH
SUREDELOLWpHVWGRQQpHSDU
݊ͳ
Ȟ ݔଶ ିାଵ
݂ ݔൌ ʹ
݊ ሺͳ ݊ ሻ
ଶ
݊ߨȞ
ʹ
ଵ ଶ Ǩ గ
RȞ ݇ ൌ െ ͳ Ǩ Ȟ ݇ ൌ ଶ Ǩ
ሺ మೖ ሻ
ଶ
(7
9DU 7
ିଶ
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLGH6WXGHQW
7KpRUqPH
6RLHQW HW GHX[YDULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVWHOOHVTXH HW
ଶ ࢄ
DORUVODYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUH ࢅ
VXLWXQHORLGH
6WXGHQW GHQGHJUpVGHOLEHUWp
5HPDUTXH
2QXWLOLVHGHVWDEOHVSRXUGpWHUPLQHUHQIRQFWLRQGH݊݁ ߙݐODYDOHXUGH
ݒWHOOHTXHܲ ܺ ݒൌ ߙǡ ࢻࢋ࢙࢚ࢇࢋ±࢙ࢋ࢛
9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVFRQWLQXHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
/RLVXVXHOOHVORLGH6WXGHQW
/RLVXVXHOOHV
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
.KL6WXGHQW
Ȉ
ଵ ଶ YDULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVLQGpSHQGDQWHVWHOOHVTXH
ଶ
DORUV ଵଶ ଶ
ଶ
ଶ
6WXGHQW
HW GHX[YDULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVLQGpSHQGDQWHVWHOOHVTXH
ଶ ࢄ
HW DORUV
ࢅΤ
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
&KDS,,,9DULDEOHVDOpDWRLUHVjGHQVLWp
&7KpRUqPHVGHFRQYHUJHQFH
7KpRUqPHVGHFRQYHUJHQFH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
$SSUR[LPDWLRQGHODORLELQRPLDOHSDUODORLQRUPDOH
7KpRUqPHGH0RLYUH/DSODFH
6RLW אԳ XQHVXLWHGHYDG WHOOHVTXH DORUV
՜ஶ
&HFLVLJQLILHSRXU DVVH]JUDQGODORLELQRPLDOH
©VHFRPSRUWHFRPPHªODORLQRUPDOHG HVSpUDQFH HWGH
YDULDQFH
ଶ
/DORLQRUPDOH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
$SSUR[LPDWLRQGHODORLELQRPLDOHSDUODORLQRUPDOH
(QSUDWLTXHRQDSSURFKHXQHORLELQRPLDOH SDUXQH
ORLQRUPDOH ORUVTXH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
(QEOHXODORLELQRPLDOHऌ Ǣ ǡ
(QYHUWODORL1RUPDOHघ ǡ
ࡼ ࢄ
ଶ
/DORLQRUPDOH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
$SSUR[LPDWLRQGHODORLELQRPLDOHSDUODORLQRUPDOH
5pJOHVjVXLYUHSRXUUHPSODFHUXQHYDULDEOHGLVFUqWH SDUXQH
YDULDEOHDEVROXPHQWFRQWLQXH © FRUUHFWLRQGHFRQWLQXLWp ª
ଶ
/DORLQRUPDOH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
$SSUR[LPDWLRQGHODORLELQRPLDOHSDUODORLQRUPDOH
ଵ
([HPSOH2QFRQVLGqUHXQHYDULDEOHDOpDWRLUH̱ܺࣜ ͶͲͲǢ ଶ
&DOFXORQV HW
2QD ǡ ൌ ǡ െ ൌ
2QSHXW DSSURFKHUODORLGH SDUODORL
ܻ̱ࣨ ʹͲͲǡ ͳͲͲ
ܻ െ ʹͲͲ
ܲ ܺ ൌ ʹͳͲ ؆ ܲ ʹͲͻǡͷ ൏ ܻ ʹͳͲǡͷ ൌ ܲ Ͳǡͻͷ ൏ ͳǡͷ
ͳͲ
ൌ Ȱ ͳǡͷ െ Ȱ Ͳǡͻͷ ൌ Ͳǡͺͷ͵ͳ െ Ͳǡͺʹͺͻ ൌ ͲǡͲʹͶʹ
ଶ
/DORLQRUPDOH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
$SSUR[LPDWLRQGHODORLELQRPLDOHSDUODORLQRUPDOH
7KpRUqPHVGHFRQYHUJHQFH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
ODORLIDLEOHGHVJUDQGQRPEUHV
6RLW אԳ XQHVXLWHGHYD LQGpSHQGDQWHVGHPrPHORLGH
ଵ
G HVSpUDQFH HWG¶pFDUWW\SH HWVRLW ୀ
DORUV
՜ஶ
9 &HFLVLJQLILHTXHORUVTXHn est grandODPR\HQQHHPSLULTXHܺത
FRQYHUJHHQSUREDELOLWpYHUVO¶HVSpUDQFHߤ
9 ODORLGHVJUDQGVQRPEUHVLQGLTXHTXHORUVTXHO¶RQIDLWXQWLUDJHDOpDWRLUH
GHJUDQGHWDLOOHGDQVXQHSRSXODWLRQODPR\HQQHGHVYDOHXUVREVHUYpHV
VHUDSSURFKHQWGHODPR\HQQHGHODSRSXODWLRQ
7KpRUqPHVGHFRQYHUJHQFH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
7KpRUqPHFHQWUDOOLPLWH
6RLW אԳ כXQHVXLWHGHYD LQGpSHQGDQWHVGHPrPHORLGH
PR\HQQH HWG¶pFDUWW\SH HWVRLW ୀଵ DORUV
՜ஶ
îȰ ݎ݁݀ ݈ܽݐݏ݁ ݐ±Ͳ ࣨ݁݀݊݅ݐ݅ݐݎܽǡ ͳ
&HFLVLJQLILHTXHORUVTXHn est assez grand
ௌ ఙమ
ത
9 ODORLGHܺ ൌ VHFRPSRUWHFRPPHXQHORLQRUPDOHࣨ ߤǡ
9 ODYDOHXUPR\HQQHVXUXQJUDQGQRPEUHGHPHVXUHVG¶XQHJUDQGHXU
ఙమ
SK\VLTXHVXLWXQHORLQRUPDOHGHPR\HQQHߤ HWGHYDULDQFH
7KpRUqPH&HQWUDO/LPLWH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
DSSUR[LPDWLRQGHODORLGHSRLVVRQHWODORL ଶ
6L ܺ אԳ כXQHVXLWHGHYD LQGpSHQGDQWHVGHPrPHORLGH3RLVVRQ
࣪ሺߣሻ DORUVODORLGHܵ ൌ σୀଵ ܺ HVW࣪ሺ݊ߣሻ HWORUVTXHQHVWDVVH]
JUDQGRQSHXWDSSURFKpHFHWWHORLSDUODORLQRUPDOHࣨ ݊ߣǡ ݊ߣ
G¶DSUqVOHWKpRUqPHFHQWUDOOLPLWH
± &HFLLPSOLTXHTXHVḺܺ ࣪ሺߣሻ HWVLࣅ HVWDVVH]JUDQGDORUVRQSHXW
DSSUR[LPHUODORLGHܺ SDUࣨ ߣǡ ߣ
HQSUDWLTXHRQDSSOLTXHFHWWHDSSUR[LPDWLRQORUVTXHߣ ͳͷ
$XVVLRQSHXWDSSUR[LPHUODORL߯ ଶ ሺሻ SDUODORLQRUPDOHࣨ ݊ǡ ʹ݊
SRXU HVWDVVH]JUDQGHQSUDWLTXHRQDSSOLTXHFHWWHDSSUR[LPDWLRQ
ORUVTXH݊ ʹͲ
7KpRUqPH&HQWUDO/LPLWH
60&6XSSRUWGHFRXUV3UREDELOLWpFKDS3U(/<$66$
DSSUR[LPDWLRQGHODORLGHSRLVVRQ
([HPSOHVRLW FDOFXORQV HW
ଶమఱ ିଶହ
Ȉ ܲ ܺ ൌ ʹͷ ൌ ݁
ൌ ͲǡͲͶͶ
ଶହǨ
(QXWLOLVDQWO¶DSSUR[LPDWLRQSDUܺ ̱ ࣨሺʹͲǡ ʹͲሻ
ܲ ܺ ൌ ʹͷ ؆ ܲ ʹͶǡͷ ൏ ܺ ʹͷǡͷ
ସǡହ ିଶ ହǡହ
؆ ܲ ൏ ൌ Ȱ ͳǡʹ͵ െ Ȱ ͳǡͲͳ ൌ Ͳǡ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଶ ೖ
Ȉ ܲ ܺ ʹͷ ൌ ݁ ିଶ σଶହ
ୀ Ǩ
ܺ െ ʹͲ ͷǡͷ
؆ ܲ ܺ ʹͷǡͷ ൌ ܲ ൌ Ȱ ͳǡʹ͵ ൌ ͲǡͺͻͲ
ʹͲ ʹͲ