THE

Caribbean
GROUP 4

Basa, Denesse Anne

Jaca, Trishia Marie
Roquinaza, Kyle Anne
Villaflores, Jimmy
 THE

Caribbean
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myNWt-aFoq8
 Lesser Antilles

Greater Antilles
 HISTO
RY

1492 The Caribbean was discovered by Europeans when

Christopher Columbus was in search of a new trade route
to the east.
He landed in the Bahamas and named the island San
Salvador.

Ciboneys - The first group of people believed to live in the

Caribbean islands who came there nearly 4 or 5 thousand
years ago.

When Christopher Columbus landed in the Bahamas the

people living there, also called indigenous peoples, he
called “Indians.” They were made up of the Caribs and the
Tainos (or Arawaks).
Queen Isabella of Spain did not allow the enslavement of
some of these people, but it happened anyway.
 HISTO
RY

1600s
the British colonized Barbados and the French took
Martinique and Guadeloupe, and the Dutch controlled
Aruban, St. Maarten, and a few other islands
most of the native people living on these islands
were forced into slavery to work for the settlers and
eventually died off because of diseases and how
Ciboneys
they were treated.

The Caribbean islands were perfect

for farming sugar, so sugar
plantations began to be very
popular.
HISTO
RY
Sugar Plantations and African Slavery in the Caribbean
Ciboneys
To this day many of the people
living on the islands are
descendants of these slaves.
native people had died off and there were no
longer slaves to farm the land
slavers moved to Africa and started kidnapping
the people there and forcing them into slavery
in the Caribbean
Over 10 million African slaves were taken
by boat to the Caribbean to be slaves on
the sugar plantations
Slaves were packed so tightly into the
ships often 12% of them died along the
way
Slaves were auctioned off and traded upon
arriving on the islands
Many of these slaves escaped or led revolts
and started their own communities away from
the plantations because of how cruelly they
were treated.
International Documents

PASSPORT VISA
 PASSPORT

The passport should adhere to the Caribbean entry

requirements, including:
It should meet the minimum validity requirements:
the passport should have at least sixCiboneys
months of
validity beyond the planned departure date.
It should be in good condition and should not have
visible damage or alteration beyond the normal wear
and tear
It should have sufficient blank pages for the entry
and exit stamps.
 NEW PASSPORT

1. Confirmed Online Appointment

2. Personal Appearance
3. Accomplished Application Form
4. Original and photocopy of Philippine Statistics
Ciboneys Authority (PSA) Authenticated Birth

Certificate on Security Paper

Married Females (who are using their spouse’s last name) must also present Original
and submit photocopy of PSA Authenticated Marriage Contract on Security Paper or
Report of Marriage
Local Civil Registrar Copy is required if PSA Birth Certificate is not clear or cannot be
read
 NEW PASSPORT

5. Any of the following acceptable IDs with one (1) photocopy

Social Security System (SSS) Card
Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) Card
Unified Multi-Purpose Identification (UMID) Card
Land Transportation Office (LTO) Driver’s License (Driver’s License cards expiring on 24 April until 31 October 2023 and said expired
cards perforated during the renewal process are accepted together with the temporary license in paper format).
Professional Regulatory Commission (PRC) ID
Ciboneys
Philippine Identification (PhilID)/ePhilID
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) E-Card
Commission on Elections (COMELEC) Voter’s ID or Voter’s Certificate issued from COMELEC main office in Intramuros, Manila.
Philippine National Police (PNP) Permit to Carry Firearms Outside Residence
Senior Citizen ID
Airman License (issued August 2016 onwards)
Philippine Postal ID (issued November 2016 onwards)
Seafarer’s Record Book (SRB) or Seafarers Identity Document (SID) (*must be issued Feb 2020 onwards) issued by the Maritime Industry
Authority (MARINA)
Valid or Latest Passport (For Renewal of Passport)
School ID (if applicable)
For minor applicants -(if school ID is not applicable) Certificate of Enrolment with photo of minor and dry seal of school
For adult applicants -School ID and Certificate of Registration
NEW PASSPORT

Ciboneys
NEW PASSPORT

Ciboneys
 PASSPORT RENEWAL

1. Online Appointment Confirmation

You need to secure your slot by setting an appointment on the official website. (https://dfa.gov.ph)
If you can, do it months before your desired travel date to give you enough lead time. Due to the large volume of
applications, slots fill up fast. We’ll discuss this further in the HOW-TO section below.
2. Duly Accomplished Form Ciboneys

During the appointment process, you’ll be asked to fill out the application form so you don’t need to do this again.
A link to your accomplished form will be sent to you via email and all you need to do is download and print it out
(along with other attached documents).
But if, for whatever reason, you need a blank copy of the application form, you can get it here. You need to print it
out on A4 size paper.
3. Current passport with photocopy of bio page
Aside from the original copy of your current passport, you must also submit a photocopy of the bio page.
Usually, there are photocopy machines at the DFA center and photocopying services around the area. Just to be
sure, have it photocopied before your appointment schedule to avoid delays and wasting time.
 PASSPORT RENEWAL

4. Personal Appearance
All applicants must be physically present at the DFA Office on your appointment
schedule.
The renewal process entails collecting your biometrics data and taking a photo of
you. For passport photo capturing, take note of theCiboneys
proper attire or dress code.
Colored contact lenses and accessories like earrings, necklaces, or other facial
piercings are not allowed during photo capturing.
NEW PASSPORT

Ciboneys
 VISA
JAMAICA
Valid passport.
One passport-size photograph.
Completed Visa Application Form
Ciboneys
(signature is required)
Return Ticket.
Flight itinerary (Round trip ticket)
Visa Fee payable by Wire Transfer to
the Embassy's Bank Account.
CUBA
CUBA
A copy of your passport - valid
for at least 6 months after your
departure date from Cuba.
Ciboneys
A completed and signed Cuba
Visa application form.
Your flight itinerary to and from
Cuba.
Visa processing fee.
Each applicant must present
copy of travel insurance for the
entire trip.
 VISA

VISA-FREE COUNTRIES IN THE

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
CARIBBEAN

A valid passport
Bahamas (3 months)
Application form Ciboneys
Barbados (6 months)
One passport-sized photo
Saint Lucia (6 weeks)
Health insurance
Grenada (60 days)
Accommodation proof
Antigua and Barbuda (30 days)
Letter of invitation
Criminal record
Flight itinerary TOURISM PURPOSES ONLY
Civil status documents
Health & Safety Issues

PROTOCOLS AND
VACCINES RESTRICTIONS
 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES
CURRENT SITUATION OF THE CARIBBEAN:

The current situation of health and safety issues in the Caribbean after the pandemic is mixed. Some
areas have seen improvements, while others remain challenging.

Here are some current issues of the Caribbean:

Food safety: The Caribbean is also vulnerable to foodborne illness outbreaks, due to factors such as poor
hygiene practices, inadequate food storage and handling,
Ciboneys and climate change.

Vector-borne diseases: The Caribbean is also home to a number of vector-borne diseases, such as
dengue fever, Zika virus, and Chikungunya virus. These diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes and other
insects and can cause serious illness and death
-Dengue fever can lead to severe complications, including hemorrhagic fever and
shock syndrome, potentially resulting in death.
-Zika virus is known for its association with birth defects, particularly microcephaly in
newborns when contracted by pregnant women, and is usually milder in adults.
-Chikungunya virus often causes debilitating joint pain that may persist for months
but is rarely fatal.
 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES
CURRENT SITUATION OF THE CARIBBEAN:

Mental health: The Caribbean is also facing a growing mental health crisis, due to a number of
factors, including poverty, unemployment, crime, and natural disasters.

Vulnerability to climate change: The Caribbean is one of the most vulnerable regions in the
world to the effects of climate change. This includes sea level rise, more extreme weather events,
Ciboneys
and changes in rainfall patterns. These changes are already having a significant impact on the
region's economy and environment.

The health and safety situation in the Caribbean is challenging, but there are some positive
developments taking place. Governments and businesses in the Caribbean need to work
together to address these challenges and improve the health and safety of residents. This
includes investing in strengthening food safety regulations, improving sanitation and vector
control, and expanding access to mental health services.
HEALTH AND SAFETY PROTOCOLS
Protocols During the pandemic Now

Mask Required in all public indoor and Recommended in some public indoor
wearing spaces, such as healthcare facilities and
outdoor spaces
public transportation

Required frequently throughout Encouraged frequently throughout

Handwashing
the day the day

Social distancing was enforced in Social distancing is still encouraged in

Social some public places, such as some public places, but it is not widely
distancing airports and cruise ships. enforced.

Quarantine Not required for most people, but may

Required for people who test
be recommended for those who are at
and isolation positive for COVID-19
high risk of severe illness
 HEALTH AND SAFETY PROTOCOLS OF THE
CARIBBEAN EVEN WITHOUT THE PANDEMIC
Even without the pandemic, the Caribbean region has a number of health and safety protocols
in place to protect visitors and locals. These protocols include:

Vaccination requirements: Some Caribbean countries require visitors to be

vaccinated against certain diseases, such as yellow fever.
Ciboneys
Example Caribbean countries require visitors to be vaccinated against yellow
fever are -Barbados, Bonaire, Dominica and Grenada

Malaria prophylaxis: Travelers to certain parts of the Caribbean are advised

to take malaria prophylaxis medication. Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease
that can be serious, but it is preventable with medication. Example of
Caribbean countries that are advised to take malaria prophylaxis medication
are Dominica, Haiti and Honduras.
 HEALTH AND SAFETY PROTOCOL OF THE
CARIBBEAN EVEN WITHOUT THE PANDEMIC

Food and water safety: Travelers are advised to eat only cooked food
and drink bottled water or water that has been boiled or treated with
chlorine.

Ciboneys

Mosquito protection: Travelers are advised to use insect repellent and

wear long sleeves and pants to protect themselves from mosquito
bites.
 VACCINES REQUIRED

Yellow fever: Yellow fever is a serious viral disease that can be transmitted to humans by
mosquitoes. Yellow fever is endemic to some parts of the Caribbean, so it is important for
visitors to be vaccinated to protect themselves from this disease. The vaccine is
administered as a single injection and provides immunity for 10 years.

As of September 30, 2023, here are some Caribbean

Ciboneys
countries require visitors to be vaccinated
against yellow fever:
- Saint Martin, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada and many more.

As of September 30, 2023, no Caribbean country requires proof of COVID-19 vaccination

for entry. However, some Caribbean countries may still have testing requirements in place.
 VACCINES REQUIRED

Here are other recommended vaccines for travel to the Caribbean:

Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A is a viral infection that can cause liver damage. Hepatitis A is spread
through contaminated food and water. Travelers to the Caribbean should get vaccinated
against hepatitis A to protect themselves from this disease.They recommend hepatitis A
vaccination for all travelers 6 months of age or older going to the Caribbean.
Ciboneys

Here is a list of some Caribbean countries where hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for all
travelers:
Antigua and Barbuda British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Bahamas
Cuba
Barbados Dominica
Belize Dominican Republic
Bermuda Grenada
 VACCINES REQUIRED

Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can cause liver damage and cancer.
Hepatitis B is spread through blood and bodily fluids. The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) recommends hepatitis B vaccination for all unvaccinated
travelers under 60 years old going to the Caribbean.
Here is a list of some Caribbean countries where hepatitis B vaccination is recommended
for all unvaccinated travelers under 60 Ciboneys
years old:
Cayman Islands Dominican Republic
Cuba Grenada
Dominica Haiti
Jamaica

Typhoid: ·Typhoid: Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can cause fever, headache,
diarrhea, and vomiting. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
recommends typhoid vaccination for all travelers going to the Caribbean, regardless of
age or vaccination status. This is because typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection that
can be spread through contaminated food and water.
 TRAVEL REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS

The travel requirements for travelers to the Caribbean vary from island to island. However, the
following are some general requirements that most islands have in place:
Passport: All travelers must have a valid passport that is valid for at least six months beyond
their intended stay.

Ciboneys
Visa: Some Caribbean countries require travelers to have a visa before they can enter.
-Some countries may have visa exemptions for certain nationalities.
-Some countries may offer visa on arrival to certain nationalities. For example, citizens of many
European countries can obtain a visa on arrival in St. Lucia.

Pre-arrival testing: Some Caribbean countries require travelers to take a COVID-19 test
before arrival. This test may be a PCR test or an antigen test. The test must be taken within a
certain number of days before arrival, and the results must be negative.
 TRAVEL REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS

Vaccinations: Most Caribbean countries require travelers to be vaccinated against

certain diseases, such as yellow fever and hepatitis A. Travelers should check with the
embassy or consulate of the country they plan to visit to be sure which vaccinations
are required.

Travel health insurance: Travelers are advised to purchase travel health insurance
that covers medical expenses and repatriation in case of illness or injury.

Quarantine: Some Caribbean countries require travelers to quarantine for a certain

period of time after arrival. This quarantine may be required for all travelers, or it may
only be required for unvaccinated travelers.
 TRAVEL REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS

Health and Issues Travel Restrictions in the Caribbean:

Antigua and Barbuda: Travelers arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever
transmission must show proof of yellow fever vaccination.
Aruba: Travelers arriving from countries with risk of malaria transmission are
advised to take malaria prophylaxis.
Ciboneys
Barbados: Travelers are advised to get vaccinated against typhoid, hepatitis A, and
hepatitis B, especially if they are planning to engage in certain activities, such as
hiking or camping.
Bermuda: Travelers are required to purchase travel health insurance that covers
medical expenses and repatriation in case of illness or injury.
Bonaire: Travelers are advised to wear masks in public indoor settings.
British Virgin Islands: Travelers are advised to social distance from others and avoid
large gatherings.
 TRAVEL REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS

Health and Issues Travel Restrictions in the Caribbean:

Cayman Islands: Travelers are required to wear masks in public indoor settings and
on public transportation.
Cuba: All travelers must be vaccinatedCiboneys
and take a PCR test within 72 hours of arrival.
The Bahamas: Unvaccinated travelers must take a rapid antigen test within 5 days of
arrival and a second rapid antigen test after 4 days. Fully vaccinated travelers are
exempt from testing and quarantine.
Jamaica: Fully vaccinated travelers do not need to test or quarantine. Unvaccinated
travelers must take a PCR test within 72 hours of arrival and quarantine for 5 days.
 Geographical
Characteristics
The Carribean
Physical Features
Physical Features

The Caribbean is comprised of more than 7,000 islands

surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, The Caribbean Sea, and
the Gulf of Mexico. That number includes Islets (tiny rocky
islands); Cays (small, low islands mainly composed of coral or
sand), and a few inhabited reefs

THE ANTILLES:
1. Greater Antilles, the four largest islands of the Antilles—Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, and Puerto Rico—their outlying islands, and the Cayman Islands, all
lying north of the Lesser Antilles chain. They constitute nearly 90 percent of the
total land area of the entire West Indies.

2. The Lesser Antilles, a subset of the Antilles, begins east of

Puerto Rico and forms a long chain of smaller islands. These
islands stretch from east to south, ultimately culminating in
Trinidad, which lies just off the northern coast of Venezuela.
Physical Features
Physical Features

VOLCANOES:
Most of the Caribbean is volcanic in origin, and many of the
smaller (as well as larger) islands have a central volcanic
peak or a mountainous interior.
There is ongoing seismic activity in the Caribbean, as a number
of volcanoes are considered active; they include Mt. Soufriere
on St. Lucia, as well as those in Dominica, Grenada and St.
Vincent.

MOUNTAINS:

Island structures of complex mountainous landscapes and

fertile valleys enable lush ecological landscapes rich in
biodiversity and habitats. The mountain infrastructure is
central to the establishment of an array of habitats: providing
variety through changes in altitude, slope, and texture.
Physical Features
Physical Features

CORAL REEFS:
The Caribbean is home to about 9% of the world's coral reefs, covering about
52,000 sq km (20,000 sq miles). It's also home to the second largest reef, the
Mesoamerican Barrier Reef.
The contiguous biogeographic region containing Caribbean coral reefs is
commonly known as the “greater Caribbean” (aka “tropical Western Atlantic”).

DESERTS AND ARID REGIONS:

A few islands in the Caribbean, like Aruba and Bonaire, have arid or
semi-arid regions with desert-like landscapes.

RIVERS AND LAKES:

There are a scattering of small lakes and rivers across the Caribbean, with
the most significant ones on the islands of Cuba, Hispaniola and Trinidad
and Tobago.
 BODIES
BODIES OF
OF LAND
LAND

1. CAPE SAN ANTONIO (CUBA)

Cape San Antonio (Spanish: Cabo San Antonio), is a cape

which forms the western extremity of the Guanahacabibes
Peninsula and the western extremity of Cuba. It extends into
the Yucatán Channel, and is part of the municipality of
Sandino, in Pinar del Río Province.

According to the International Hydrographic Organization, it

marks the division point between the Caribbean Sea to the
south and Gulf of Mexico to the north.
 BODIES
BODIES OF
OF LAND
LAND

2. HISPANIOLA
Hispaniola is a fascinating and geographically diverse
island nestled in the heart of the Caribbean Sea.

It holds the distinction of being shared by two

distinct countries, Haiti and the Dominican
Republic, each contributing to its rich tapestry of
cultures and landscapes.

One of the most prominent features of Hispaniola is its

central mountain range that traverses the island from
east to west.
 BODIES
BODIES OF
OF LAND
LAND

3. PITONS

The Pitons are two mountainous volcanic plugs,

and volcanic spires, located in Saint Lucia. Gros
Piton is 798.25 m (2,618.9 ft) high and Petit Piton
is 743 m (2,438 ft) high; they are linked by the
Piton Mitan ridge.

The Pitons are a UNESCO World Heritage Site,

2,909 ha (7,190 acres) in size, and located near the
town of Soufrière.
 BODIES
BODIES OF
OF WATER
WATER

1. Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean
located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere.

The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas

and has an area of about 2,754,000 km2
(1,063,000 sq mi). The sea's deepest point is
the Cayman Trough, between Cuba and
Jamaica, at 7,686 m (25,220 feet) below sea
level.

The Caribbean Sea is home to thousands

of islands, islets, and cays, offering a
diverse range of landscapes, from pristine
beaches to lush rainforests.
 BODIES
BODIES OF
OF WATER
WATER

2. Lake Enriquillo
Lake Enriquillo (Spanish: Lago Enriquillo) is a
hypersaline lake in the Dominican Republic located in
the southwestern region of the country. Its waters are
shared between the provinces of Bahoruco and
Independencia, the latter of which borders Haiti.

Lago Enriquillo is the largest lake in the Caribbean,

and also the region’s sole body of water located
more than 43 meters (140 feet) below sea level.

Named after Enriquillo, the first Taino chief who

successfully revolted against Spanish colonialists, the
lake and its surrounding lands are ideal for wildlife
watching and nature exploration.
 BODIES
BODIES OF
OF WATER
WATER

3. Bioluminescent Mosquito Bay

Mosquito Bay is found on the Caribbean island of
Vieques, just off the coast of Puerto Rico. In this little
body of water lives “Pyrodinium bahamense” or
swirling fire, a dinoflagellate that glows a greenish-blue
when agitated.

Mosquito Bay is named after "El Mosquito," a small ship

owned by Roberto Cofresí, Regarded as the last
successful pirate of the Caribbean during the 19th
century's suppression era

It was recognized by the Guinness World

Record in 2006. Vieques's breathtaking
Mosquito Bay has also been designated as one of
the 2020s Seven Wonders of the World by
Condé Nast Traveller.
Climate and Weather
The Carribean
The Caribbean has a tropical climate, "tropical marine," which means
that it is warm and humid year-round, with an average temperature of
around 80 to 89°F. The climate is determined by ocean currents,
mountain elevations, and local trade winds.

There are two main seasons in the Caribbean: the wet season and
the dry season.

The Caribbean area is located very near the

Equator. It can be found between 10N and
25N of the Equator. As a result of its location,
the Caribbean region tends to be hot all year
round.
Dry Season in the Caribbean

The dry season in the Caribbean typically occurs

during the winter months, which are roughly from
December to April. The dry season has the most
idyllic weather with warm, sunny days and blue
skies.
During this period, the region experiences lower
rainfall and drier weather conditions compared to the
wetter summer and early autumn months.

The heart of the Caribbean's high season is December,

January, and February when the region experiences
both moderate temperatures and its driest months.
 Wet Season in the Caribbean
The rainy season in the Caribbean typically occurs during the
late spring to early autumn months, primarily from May to
November.
This period is characterized by increased rainfall and the possibility
of tropical storms and hurricanes, especially in the later months of
the season. Wet season coincides with the hurricane season, due to
similar drivers.
Rainfall varies in destinations. Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao in the
Southern Caribbean experience relatively little rainfall even during
their wet season

Huriccane Season
According to the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS), hurricane season in the Caribbean
runs from June 1 through November 30 and normally peaks in August and September.
The Caribbean region is a part of the Atlantic hurricane season, which also impacts Florida
and other parts of the coastal southern United States
Vegetation
The Carribean
 Sugar Cane
Most Caribbean islands were covered with sugar cane fields
and mills for refining their crop. Sugar was the most important
crop throughout the Caribbean.

Sugar cane was best grown on relatively flat land near

coastal waters, where the soil was naturally yellow and fertile.

Coffee plant
The Caribbean has a long, rich history of coffee production. From Jamaica
and Cuba to Haiti and the Dominican Republic, the soil and growing
conditions found in the cool, mountainous regions of Caribbean
islands are ideal for cultivating coffee.
 Hibiscus
Hibiscus has become emblematic of the Caribbean in a
plethora of ways, from being used in a staple drink to even
becoming the national flower of Haiti

Coco plum
Cocoplum is a native shrub that can grow to 4 – 6
meters in height and is found in coastal areas of the
Bahamas and Caribbean.
This plants often grow in thickets on sandy soils or singly on
rocky coastal outcrop- pings. They are highly tolerant of drought,
wind, and even salt spray, but do poorly in wet or shady conditions.
 Cocoa
. The Caribbean islands grow the most rare and finest
varieties of cocoa in the world, the Criollo and Trinitario.
Islands Grenada, St Lucia, Trinidad, and Dominica exclusively
produce these fine

Bananas
Bananas are a prominent agricultural product in the Caribbean,
known for their lush and vibrant growth in the region's tropical
climate. The Caribbean banana plants typically feature large,
broad leaves that create a dense and verdant canopy.
The current population of Caribbean is 44,688,428 as
of Thursday, September 21, 2023, based on the
latest United Nations estimates. Caribbean
population is equivalent to 0.55% of the total world
population. Caribbean ranks number 3 in Latin
America and theCiboneys
Caribbean among subregions
ranked by Population.
RELIGION

Christianity 66.3%
Buddhism 1%
Folk Religions 2.0%
Hinduism 22.3%
Judaism 1%
Islam 5.8%
Other religions 1.4%
Unaffiliated 1.8%
 Caribbean practices & traditions

The Caribbean is a culturally diverse region with a rich

tapestry of traditions that have been shaped by the
indigenous peoples, European colonialists, African slaves,
and other immigrant groups who have settled in the area
over the centuries.

CARNIVAL REGGAE MUSIC

ACCESS R UTES
 Highway 2000 (Jamaica)
Highway 2000 is a highway system in Jamaica
connecting Kingston, with Ocho Rios and a planned
connection to Montego Bay, passing through the
parishes of St. Catherine, Saint Ann, Clarendon and
proposed sections through St. James, Saint Elizabeth,
Westmoreland, Hanover.

The highway was built on a phased basis. Phases

1A and 1B are considered as the East-West Leg
(T1) and Portmore Causeway (T2). Phase 2A is
considered as the North-South Leg (T3)
Queen's Highway (Bahamas)

The Queen's Highway is a major road in the

Bahamas, running through several islands, including
New Providence, Eleuthera, and Exuma. It provides
access to many beautiful beaches and settlements.

The Queen's Highway, which runs approximately

177km (110 miles) from one end of Eleuthera to
another is an autobahn by island standards, though
you'll still need to watch for potholes.
ABC Highway (Barbados)
The ABC Highway is the main urban highway in
Barbados. Opened in 1989, it is named after three
famous Barbadian politicians: John Michael Geoffrey
Manningham ("Tom") Adams, Errol Barrow, and
Hugh Gordon Cummins.

The ABC Highway is a well-maintained highway that

circles around Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados,
and connects several parishes and tourist areas on
the island.
 MAJOR AIRPORTS

Luis Muñoz Marín International

Airport
Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (SJU) is a major
international airport located in Carolina, Puerto Rico, just
southeast of San Juan. It was originally known as Isla
Verde International Airport but was renamed in February
1985 in honor of Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rico's first
democratically elected governor. This airport serves as
both a civil and military facility.

Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is the busiest

airport in the Caribbean region, with over 4 million
passengers boarding flights annually, according to the
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It ranks as the 48th
busiest airport under the oversight of the FAA.
MAJOR AIRPORTS

Punta Cana International Airport

Punta Cana International Airport (PUJ) is a privately

owned commercial airport located in Punta Cana,
eastern Dominican Republic. It was constructed with
open-air terminals and palm-frond-covered roofs and
was inaugurated in December 1983. Grupo Punta Cana
is the owner of this airport, which was designed by
architect Oscar Imbert. Notably, it became the world's
first privately owned international airport.

Punta Cana International Airport is the Dominican

Republic's busiest airport and the second-busiest in
the Caribbean, trailing only Puerto Rico's Luis Muñoz
Marín International Airport.
 MAJOR AIRPORTS

Sangster International Airport

Sangster International Airport (IATA: MBJ, ICAO:

MKJS) is an international airport located 3 mi (4.8 km)
east of Montego Bay, Jamaica. The airport is capable of
handling nine million passengers per year. It serves as
the most popular airport for tourists visiting the north
coast of Jamaica.

The airport is named after former Jamaican Prime

Minister Sir Donald Sangster.

This airport was considered The Gateway to the

Caribbean
Railway

St. Kitts Scenic Railway

St. Kitts Scenic Railway is a 29-kilometer-

long narrow gauge railway line along the
coastline of the island of St. Kitts in the
eastern Caribbean, with a track gauge of
762 mm.

It was completed in 1926 and is known

as the “last Railway in the West
Indies”. Their three-hour excursion
takes guests on a circle around the
island.
Public Transportation

Santo Domingo Metro

The Santo Domingo Metro, known as
the Metro de Santo Domingo, is a
significant rapid transit system in
Greater Santo Domingo, the capital of
the Dominican Republic. It began
operation in 2008 and is the most
extensive metro system in the insular
Caribbean and Central American
region in terms of both length and the
number of stations.
Public Transportation

Ferries and Boats

Ferries and boats are integral to the Caribbean's transportation
infrastructure, serving multiple crucial functions within the
region. One of their primary roles is connecting various islands,
providing an essential means of travel between different
Caribbean destinations. Whether for residents or tourists,
these vessels offer a convenient and efficient way to hop from
one island to another, fostering regional connectivity.

Buses
Many Caribbean islands have public bus systems that
provide affordable transportation within cities and towns.
These buses are often used by residents and tourists alike.
Some islands may also have private bus operators offering
services between different regions.
Public Transportation

Water Taxis
Water taxis are not only a convenient mode of transportation in
coastal Caribbean cities but also provide a delightful way to
experience the region's crystal-clear waters and picturesque
shorelines. With their accessibility and speed, these taxis enable
travelers to effortlessly access remote coves, pristine beaches,
and neighboring islands, enhancing the overall Caribbean island-
hopping experience.

Taxi
Taxis are a common mode of transportation in the Caribbean.
They can be found at airports, ferry terminals, and popular tourist
areas. In some countries, taxis are metered, while in others, you
may need to negotiate the fare with the driver.
 MAJOR
ATTRACTIONS
 Historical places

Old san juan

Old San Juan is the oldest settlement within Puerto Rico and the
historic colonial district of the city of San Juan. This historic district is a
National Historic Landmark District and is listed on the United States
National Register of Historic Places as the Old San Juan Historic
District.

Castillo san felipe del morro

Castillo San Felipe del Morro, also known as El Morro, is a historic fortress in San Juan,
Puerto Rico, perched strategically overlooking San Juan Bay. Built by the Spanish in the late
16th century, it served as a defense against seaborne attacks. El Morro features remarkable
Spanish colonial military architecture, including iconic "garitas" (sentry boxes) and intricate
tunnels. Over the centuries, it withstood battles, including the Spanish-American War, and
now stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and part of the San Juan National Historic
Site. Today, it attracts visitors worldwide for its historical significance, stunning views, and
cultural events.
 Historical places

El Yunque
The El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico is a unique tropical
rainforest covering around 29,000 acres. It boasts remarkable
biodiversity, including endangered species like the Puerto Rican
parrot and coquí frogs. Visitors can explore a network of well-
maintained hiking trails, leading to waterfalls, lookout towers, and
serene forest spots.

Dunn's River Falls in Jamaica.

TheDunn's River Falls in Jamaica is a world-renowned natural
attraction located in Ocho Rios. Its unique terraced waterfall
formation allows visitors to climb the falls with guided tours,
experiencing refreshing pools along the way. Adjacent botanical
gardens showcase tropical flora, and a sandy beach area provides
relaxation.
 Historical places

Hunte’s Gardens
Hunte's Gardens in Barbados, founded by Anthony Hunte, is a
unique and picturesque botanical garden located in a natural
sinkhole. It features an extensive collection of rare and exotic
plants, including palms, cycads, orchids, and tropical flowers. The
garden's design harmoniously blends nature and art, with
meandering paths, water features, and artistic elements. It was
transformed from a former limestone quarry into a tranquil.

Tobago
Tobago Carnival is an integral part of the larger Trinidad and
Tobago Carnival celebration. It takes place in the weeks leading
up to Ash Wednesday and features a blend of African, European,
and indigenous traditions. The festivities include masquerade
bands, calypso and soca music, steelpan performances, J'ouvert
celebrations, and traditional characters.
 Historical places

Mount Gay in Barbados

Mount Gay in Barbados is the world's oldest operating rum
distillery, dating back to 1703. Located in St. Lucy parish, it is
deeply rooted in Barbadian tradition. The distillery produces a
range of renowned rums, including Mount Gay Eclipse and Mount
Gay XO. Visitors can tour the distillery, learn about its history, and
enjoy tastings. Mount Gay's rums have received global recognition
and are used in classic cocktails. The distillery is committed to
sustainability, and its cultural legacy is integral to Barbados'
heritage.

Belize Barrier Reef

The Belize Barrier Reef, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the
second-longest barrier reef globally, extending along Belize's
coastline. Known for its remarkable biodiversity, it houses diverse
coral, fish, and marine life. The reef encompasses coral atolls,
including the famous Great Blue Hole, attracting divers and
snorkelers.
 Jerk Chicken
The Main Ingredients: Chicken (often marinated with a jerk spice
blend containing scallions, Scotch bonnet peppers, allspice, and
more).
Distinctive Features: Jerk chicken is renowned for its spicy and
smoky flavor, achieved through the use of aromatic spices and the
traditional method of grilling or smoking over pimento wood

Roti
TheMain Ingredients: Roti is a type of flatbread made from flour,
water, and sometimes, ground split peas. It is typically filled with
curried meats, vegetables, or chickpeas.
Distinctive Features: Roti is known for its versatility and variety. It
can be filled with a wide range of flavorful ingredients and folded
into a convenient hand-held package.
 Callaloo
Callaloo is a Caribbean dish made with callaloo leaves (similar to
spinach), okra, coconut milk, and various seasonings. It can
include meats or seafood and is prepared by sautéing onions,
scallions, and spices, then simmering until the greens are tender.
It has regional variations and holds cultural significance as a
representation of Caribbean culinary diversity.

Conch Fritters
Conch fritters are a popular Caribbean dish made from conch
meat, which is a type of sea snail. The conch meat is mixed with a
flavorful batter containing spices and seasonings. These fritters
are deep-fried until golden brown, resulting in crispy, savory
bites. Conch fritters are often served as appetizers or snacks and
are known for their delicious taste and the unique texture of the
 Pelau

Callaloo is a Caribbean dish made with callaloo leaves (similar to

spinach), okra, coconut milk, and various seasonings. It can
include meats or seafood and is prepared by sautéing onions,
scallions, and spices, then simmering until the greens are tender.
It has regional variations and holds cultural significance as a
representation of Caribbean culinary diversity.
 CallalooCarnival (Various
Islands)
Carnival is celebrated across the Caribbean with vibrant and colorful
parades, music, and dancing. Each island has its unique twist on this
lively event, with Trinidad and Tobago's Carnival being one of the
most renowned.

Crop Over (Barbados)

Crop Over is Barbados' biggest festival, celebrating the end of the

sugarcane harvest season. It features music, costume parties, and the
crowning of a Crop Over King and Queen
 Reggae Sumfest (Jamaica)

Reggae Sumfest is Jamaica's premier reggae music festival, attracting

both local and international reggae and dancehall artists. It's a week-
long celebration of music, dance, and Jamaican culture..

Saint Lucia Jazz and Arts Festival

(Saint Lucia)
This festival combines world-class jazz performances with vibrant art
exhibitions and cultural displays. It's a unique blend of music and arts
set against the backdrop of Saint Lucia's beautiful scenery.
 Antigua Sailing Week (Antigua
and Barbuda)

For sailing enthusiasts, Antigua Sailing Week is a world-famous

regatta. It brings together sailors from around the globe for
competitive races and lively parties.
Thank
You