1. calculate the packing ofp, ney ina oat 2 Simple cubic lattice cube be ‘a’ a The SPMETES OUCH each other ajo, 2 ANE the radius of the each atom be 'r. Volume of the cubic unit col) = as tn? C89® 2. Packing efficiency(PE) = Volume me occupied by one spher: e £100, . Volume of the cubic unit cell “e Packing efficiency = 3°" * 100 Packing efficiency = XX 100 I = 52.4% 2. Calculate the packing efficieng, vin face cer i i (hep oF ecp) arrangement. '" face centered cubic (fcc) unit cell (or) hexagonal close packing bF= 2a? (or) b =v2a Length of the face diagonal b = 4r “VE a=4r (or) a= (or) a=2VEr (v2 = 16y2e Volume occupied by four spheres Volume of the unit cell = 4xtne + Packing efficiency = Ylume occupied by four spiteres x100, te, Volume of the unit cell us 32nr? x 100 teva = 74% 13. Calculate the packing efficiency in body centered cubic lattice. Ans: Let the edge length of the unit cell be ‘a’ and the radius of the sphere be ‘r* Ind ABC AC?= AB? + BC? Packing efficiency = b?= a? + a? (or) b?= 2a? Now in A ACD AD?= CD? + AC? =a? +b? c= a? + 2a? (or) c= 3a? (or) c= V3 a Length of the body diagonal ¢ = 4r aVBa=4r Gy Volume occupied by two spheres = 2x Sxr° Volume of the unit cell = a® cS occupied by two spheres x10} + Packing efficiency = Yume occupied by two spheres x 1004 ‘Volume of the unit cell ee TUMAKURU DISTRICT PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LECTURER’S FORUMo calculate tHe sooo mK. 10 x Ky x We i =x Ws = 000 %hy*W2 i) Ma= a x Ws iv) M2 = Ty ) a= ary Wa e at a certain temperature is 0.850 bars. A ni ” ion ~Volatiy loo Write the formula t Was (_PE Me We 01. The vapour pressure of pure benzen weaning 0.5g when added to 39g of benzene (Molar mass= 78g), vapour pre: le si ; p SSI is 0.845bars. What is the molar mass of the solid substance. ee the s, fon - Olu lon Me o5x78/ 0.950) _ po 285" (Gearon) 7 170 9mo1™ TUMAKURU DISTRICT PI ITY CHEMISTRY TI ORL STRICT PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMIS' LEC F RER’S FORU} ‘UM49. Bil OF W HOMO Wahiter gees moon A oo ee ‘ofthe solution waw f was dinbolvad in Tong af arhon isilpiide ONE H6 thy vapour prossura of C1 180 nin At Hy, Gateutate the snotur mas Of Fhe vapaur pressuys soluta, Given the Mas 03. 0n de8OIVING 2.349 of wolute 4, of bonzene by 0,011, «, J 2174.91 giant " 401 OF honzone, the bolting point af solution was higher then that valu F - for bonzane ts 2.63%kymol!.Galgulata tho molar mass of the solute. MO 4 we it ein 182.72 quot! 4. The bolling point of hans, Hip iiettond ihe hottog eas '8 353.23}.When 4.409 of a non-volatile solute vine dissolved in ada of 8 riled " bonzone Is 2.53K kgmat-t Aieo 10 364.19K, Calculate molar mass of the salute, Given Ku for Ani OTn Th ito Sal SANT 365.25 6 0.0K thy chy My Mtn 05. A solution containing 4 0 thy Wh ‘one 18 189 of non-volatile wolute ts dissolved In 200g of water freazas at 272.07K, 16 K Ky mol”? freezing point of water «273K neha Wy S00 x Su Wy 700 16, 1.00 g of a non-ol ' of Sctrolyto nolute dissolved In 50y of bonzene lowerad the freezing point of benzene by 0.40K.Tho fro y 'e2ING point doprossion constant of benzon Is 6.12 K kymol”?. Find the molar mass of solute, 2 1000 KK «We S000 x 5404 10 AT Wy O40 x50 * 256-gmol? Lt B76 gid? Calculate tho molar mans of wolute, Given: Kyet,30 Ang: OT"? Ty 273-277 07 = 0.99K 14, © 480 gol”! ‘Ans: M, 07. 300cm* of an aquoous solution of protoin contains 2.12 g of the protain, the osmotic prossure of a such solution at 300K If. found to be 3,89 x 10° bar, Calculate the molar mass of protein. (R=0.0823 L bar mol-"K-1) WRT | 212 x0.0024 «300 Ans! Ma = = Signa hepa 2 44852.4 gmol* 08.1.71 g of sugar (Molar mass of sugar= 342) is dissolved in 500cm! of a solution at 300K. What will be its osmotic pressure? (Given R = 0.083 L bar mo! K“) Ve 500m? 0.5L n= MERE ye R71xooHs «300 _ Mv 42 OS eed Ans: }09. Calculate the mole fraction of CO? In one litre of soda water sealed under a pressure of 3.5 bar at 298K. Given: Ky = 1.67 X 10% bar Ans: Peo, =KuXco, (0r) — Xeo, =". Keo, sap pis = 2.095% 107? 40, For'a non-ideal solution having positive deviation from Raoult’s law. i) Plot a graph of vapour pressure against mole fraction. {i) What type of azeotrope is formed by this solution? {il) Give one example for the above solution. Ans: i) Graph for non-ideal solution having positive deviation. fi) Minimum boiling azeotropes. {il) Acetone + Ethanol Mole fraction ay fei =O x20 Mae at FUMAKURU DISTRICT PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LECTURER’S FORUM‘nt temperature, tho partial prossure propOMHONA! 10 the mote fraction of pata Wate Tia aC om 1 Gas in the vapour phasolp) 1 the gas (x) in the solution 5, Mention ANY 10 Applications of Henry's taw. Ane: 1) 1118 usd in the preparation of carbon, 2) lis used by . Mathemat cally: p © x (00) p= Kix ed beverages, Cuba (or) deep.s 3) 1118 used by mountain clumborg 96. State Raoult’ 28 divers foe respitation for respication {aw of a binary solution for two votat quid eulxture. Write Its mathematical expression, ‘Ana: tt states that ‘for liquid components (or) State Raoults law for ANY Solution, the partial vapour pressure of e ‘8 ditectly proportional to its mote traction 07, What ar@ Weal solutions? Give an exam ‘Ana: Solutions which obey Raoutt's law over the e Ex: Chioro ethane 08. What are non-id An ach volatile component in the sblutlon Mathematically: Py x. (or) Py= xP intire range of concentrations and bromo ethane (or) benzene and toluene solutions? Give an example. Solutions which do not obey Raout's taw ov Ex: Acetone and eth, er the entire range of coricentr ‘anol (or) aniline and phenol 09. Give any two differoncos between Ideal and nom 7 Ideal solutions Ce - ‘Non ideal solutions | They obey Raoult’s law ovor the entire range of | They do Not bey Raouit’s are tho entin ations ideal solution | concentrations, No change in enthalpy after mixing (ory Acar so Ho ehang@ in volume aller mixing (or) x Fange of concentrations Change in enthalpy after mixing (Or) Anlt#0 0. } Change in volume after mixing (oF) Ana #6 They do not form azeoiropes = | iiey form azearopes 10. Give any two din bin non ideal solutions with positive and negative deviations trom Reaoulta law Non ideal solutions with positive deviation WB interaction is weaker than A-A and GB TA. interaction. Non-ideal solutions with negative deviation -B interaction is stronger than A-A and 8-8 interaction [AH is positive (AHn.>O) | AHow is negative (AH. <0) [Vm iS positive (AV 70) | SVnw is negative (eu < O) They forms minimum boiling azeotropes | They forms maximum boiling azeotropes 11, Give any two general characteristics of an ideal solution of two liquids Ans: 1) They obey Raoult’s law. 2) The change in enthalpy of mixing is zero (or) Amull = 0 3) The change in volume of mixing is zero (or) A.V = 0 42, Give any two general characteristics of non- ideal solution of two liquids ‘Ans: 1) They do not obey Raout’s law. 2) The change in enthalpy of mixing is not zero (or) Amlt #0 3) The change in volume of mixing is not zero (of) Ana # 0 13. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is observed, when equal volume of acetone and chloroform are mixed? Justify the answer (or) A mixture of chloroform and acetone forms a solution with negative deviation from Raoult’s law. Give reason An Negative(-ve) deviation Reason: Force of attraction between acetone-chloroform is stronger than acetone-acetone and TUMAKURU DISTRICT PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LECTURER'S FORUMDarts jation for the valocity(rate) CONSADE AN a cay, uation for the valacity( san 11. Derive Intograted rate oa! oP fea ro order reaction Ana: Lotus consider a 201 Rato(r) =~) = IR] faut Mee ed - IR} = ket aR) = heat Integrating 67 Wath viideg Sajn| =-Kf at But {AIR =F and fay, [R= kU) where, Vis Inlegration canst, To find When t=0 and [R] = [Rho IR} 18 the initial carne, hin sg Eqn (1) becomes: (Rl =-k x01 v IRL Substituting Ihe value Of 1 ayy “ IR] =-kt + [Rho Kt= [Rh IR] Helo = We) ke Where, k 02. Derive ato constant, [Rly = iniial concantration of the reactant, 12) = erpcaiyy, an integrated rato equation for the velocity(rata) constant of a first 4, WEF be ces;, 7 Ans: Letus consider a first order reaction R—+ P Integrating on both sides airy Siig! 7k fae IIR] = KEE. 1) where, 1s integration constant To find I: when 0 and [R] = [Rho IR]. Is the initial conce + Eqn (1) becomes — iniR, B-kxO +1 MMR}. 1 Substituting the value of fin eqn ~ (5) In[R] = - kt + Inf on rearranging Kt = In[RJo— Inf] = In tle kt= Ine k= 4p tBle n TR] Converting in to base 10 2.303 IR}. = logy, [le t 810 -FRy initial concentration of the reactant, [RJ fate constant, t = time in sec, oncentration of the reactant TUMAKURU DISTRICT PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LECTURER’S FORUIAse —— 23 jana reaction 2A —- Product ‘ i eeraeetcr eer emneaes the concentration of A decreases from 0.5 molL* to 0.4 molt in 10 ann rate dating this interval ans: Rate=- 224 2. 104-05) ae 7 2 = 0.005 molLtmin* 2. For the reaction R-+ P the concentrat ‘ontration of if 02M in 25 minutes. Fd the average rite athe rencien a reactant changes from 0.03M to 0.02! ‘ans: Average rato = 20. _ Rls oon a tb oa 4x 1073 Mmin* Calculate tho half lifepor 7 03. ® Ratt Meperiod of a" order reaction,t the rate constant of a reaction is 6.93x10 Ans: twa = 1" = Soper? = 1008, The rate constant of a certa 04 nstant of a certain first order reaction is 2008".What is its half ite period ? Ans: ba = [= Top = 0.006935 = 6.93 x10 s he rate constant of a 05 The rate constant ofa first order reaction is 1.15 x 10's, Calculate the halflife period 7 Ans: tia = 9S! = 08 = 692.65 06. 75% of the first order reaction completed in 30 minutes. Calculate the rate constant of the reaction: Ans: [RJo =100 [R] = 100-75 = 25 , t= 30x60 sec, Ke’ 2303 tn 2303 0 k = 0.00128 x logiod k = 0.00128 x 0.6021 = 7.706 x10-* 5" 07. A first order reaction is half completed in 40 minutes. Calculate the rate constant and also time taken for 90% completing of the reat wt = 2 = oom 2202 1, ls 2303 100 too x }OB10 “TR tao%s = Foo028 19810 Go toons = 8225 x 1 = 8225se0 (08. A first order reaction has a rate constant of 1.15 x 10° S*, How long will 5g of this reactant take to reduce to 3g? k = 2.002 x10? x log 1.666 = 2002 x 0.2201 = 404.64 s 09°The rate of a particular reaction doubles when the temperature changes from 300K to 310K . Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction. [ Given: R=8.314 JK*mol"] 2303 RTT Br gq 2a0sxgguexzoox3i0 - = ans: E= BURT xtogo gs SPIES y Jog io2 , Exe $3598.59 J = 59.599 Kd | ‘40:The rate constant increases by four times when the temperature of the reaction raised from 340K to 360K.Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction. [Given: R = 8.314 JiK/mo! ] 403 RTs 7 0314x240 x360 | 2808 RTT Jog, ME EL= BBO SBS HORI Jog yy 4, Ea= 70554) = 70.544K) | Ans: &= S28 FUMAKURU DISTRICT PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LECTURER’S FORUMso. Write 8x2 mechanisr and mention its order (oF) Explain 5 Ans: Metny rr Rate equation: rate (r) = KICH 150. Complete the following equations 3) GH-OH + SOCl, | c 9) C0 eee cn % | ae ser fier | CHy-CH=CH, + HI (CHs-CHe-Br + KCN + AgBr CHy-CH.-Br +AgCN ~ PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LECTURER’S FORUM FUMAKURU DISTRICTy 57 eh raider) oe Tess reactive Towards nucleephile substitution reactions than | gare! Ves Ales! halides). feo eee ae between electron rich nucleophile and electron rich arene art youe cial ore step bv . carbon atom in C-X bond d) Oue to instabity of phenyl cation ‘ree ote teps in Sut mechanism ofthe conversion of tertiary buty! Bromide we ooze propane) in to tertiary butyl alcohol. Write the rate equation & montion its order- la eon at srormation of carbocation. , tert nt 5 Hs CHs 8 Slow I 5 _ _¢-3 = a ons F Pe Br CH HoC CH ertuty! bromide Tert-butyl carbocation gtop-2: Attack of nucleophile On carbocation. Hy CH, eo, _ rast : Pe + OH Hsp OH HC CHs CH, ert-butyl carbocation Tert-butyl alcohol Rate equation: rate () =k [(CHs)s-C-Br]! , It is a first order reaction write ‘Su2 mechanism for conversion of methyl chloride to methy! alcohol. Write the rate equation and mention its order (or) Explain Sx2 mechanism. . H Lo 4 ee cl —— HO- 7 ai | He OTe! HON —- Hoc + ee aN /\ /\ HOH HoH HOH Methyl chloride Transition state Methyl alcohol ate equation: rate (1) =K[CH:-CIl! (OH) tis a second order reaction. 50, complete the following equations: Z]GHeOH + SOCh omplete the folowing eauatON: _ GoHs-Cl + SO2 + HCI Cl Dry ether, »| Oye ana cr cH, SOS CH * aNacl @] RoMg=-X + HO RH + Mg(OH)X : | ie Gibr + Agr —— CHs-F + AgBr | ; —| cHs-cH=cH + HI — | CH-CH=CH: + HI Hac dH-CHs ? He CHy-cHeBr+KoN 4, ....... (CHs-CH-CN + KBr a ere CH.-CH-Br + AgoN > CH-CH2NC + AgBr FUMAKURU DISTRICT PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LECTURER’S FORUM56 Expl wien: Dry acetone 18. Expiain Swarts reaction with an oq Ans: Rex + ay SUBCCOME, y ax By: CHB + Nal CH! + tiep, (eC1.87) lodoatkane (Alkyl iodide) Bromo methane lode methane (ety, Alkyl chloride(or) bromide 419. Explain Finkotatein rexction with an equation. Heat {eat a yCl+AgF —=S. cy i Anes Rx + age HO ne 6 agx Ear Chil + Fat aa A X=C1Br) Chioro methane Fluoromethanc! 20. Explain Wurtz reaction with an equation. Dry ether Ame: 2RX 4 2ng PUNE A ee away Ex:2CHyCHy-Bt + 2a Heche cy Alkyl halide Alkane Chloro ethane n-butane ta 21. Explain Wurtz-Fittig reaction with an equation. ex: sei Ani : SR ra + Gio, Dre cy (an taste (St 2Nax Cy Cbon, Cc s Kd atin 8 2 * Bag, lorobenzene ethane Methyeenzeng Anythatige Aiky! hatige Aikylbenzene —_Chlorobenzene —Chioromethay "Wenzener 22. Explain Fittig reaction with an equation Fittig reaction. Write the equation and n: Tous, (oF) Ary! halide reacts with sodium in dry ether Undergoe es ame the product. Ans: ox a i.) a ef =O ‘ + 2 Art halide 0 23. Explain Sandmeyer's reaction with an equation Ans; Nex in Ex: Ne-el Gi OO eG .. Benzene diazonim Ary! halide Benzene diazonium Chlorobenzene chloride Friedel-Crafts alkylation for chlorobenzene. Give equation. Ans: 1 1 cr Anhy AICI . yoHs +.CH3-ci — a, Methy! chloride CH t-chloro-4-methyl_1-chloro-2-methyl benzene(Major) —_ benzene(Minor} ‘ation by taking chlorobenzene as an example. Chlorobenzene: ol 1 aT Anhy.AICl. ‘O-CH3 CD rorcoesman SR Conc.H,S0, Oz wy satan Chlorobenzene 1-chloro-2-nitro benzene(Major) benzene(Minor) TUMAKURU DISTRICT PRI INIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LEC TURER’S FORUM{insulin (or) endorphins. ores derivative. ig fora steroid hormone a ce ive an @x ays 20 1a Yr 9 OTS ESTIONS CSREIESTWO MARES) AN aa B -D(+) Glucopyronose 2 a-D-(+)-Glucopyranose 56 a os, write the Haworth’s Stuck’ 7 cb(#) Glucopyranosese EH,0H Ya HW HO. OH H OH HOH OH p-D-(+)-Glucopyranose #-D() Fructofuranose @-D() Fructofuranose @ ‘i 4 on HOHa O. HOH HOHe. °°. . 4 H You H CH2OH cleat HoH on oH Sucrose o a- D-(-)-Fruetofuranose f+ D-(-)-Fructofuranose 02. Write the Haworth’s structure of Maltose Lactose H OH @-D-Glucose Maltose H20H «@-D-Glucose H B-D-Galactose OH OH OH B-D-Glucose Lactose 03. What are reducing sugars? Give an example for non-reducing suage. Ans: Sugar that reduces Fehling’s solution (or) Tollen’s reagent. Ex: Sucrose. 04. How do you show that glucose contains a linear chain of six carbon atom? TUMAKURU DISTRICT PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LECTURER’S FORUMae =F shain coil around tore ino acids? Give an example. re ee ids which cannot De synthesi amino aci yisoleucine (or) Valine: ; i i example. non-essential amino acids? Give an cere th 48, what are Po the amino acids which c2? be synthe: These are ; ee oo ‘Alanine (or) Aspartic acid (or) Glutamic 5 Ex: Glycine (07) P Give an example for it. Which level of protein structure. 49. What is denaturation of protein? Giv eS ; ing denaturation? intact during 4 ig subjected to physical (or) chemical change, Protein ses 5 tg Ans: When a protein in its native form, biological activity. Ex: Coagulation of egg white by the action of heat (or) curdling intact tide bonds are in a dipeptide? ino acid molecules is called peptide bo, nd, of milk by bacteria. Primary structure remains i 1d? How many pep! 20. What is a peptide bon .d formed between two a-al Ans: The amide ( -CO-NH-) bon One (or) 1. 21, What is a dipeptide? Write its structure. amino acids with elimination of water is called ‘Ans: A peptide formed by the condensation of two a HaN-CH-CO-NH-GH-COOH Ry Ro 21, What is Zwitterion? Write its general structure. ‘Ans: The di polar ion formed by the transfer of proton from carboxylic (COOH) group to amino (-NH, dipeptide, group of a-amino acid is called zwitter ion. Structure of Zwitter ion: HgN-CH-COO R 22, How are nucleotides are formed? Name the nucleic acid which is responsible for geneti etic information. Ans: They are formed when nucleoside is linked to phosphoric acid (or) Nucleoside + HaPO. — Nucleotide. Deoxyribonuceic acid (DNA) 23. What is a nucleoside? ‘Ans:’A unit formed b} y the attachment of base to 1’ position of pentose sugar is called nucleosid wucleoside. ( Base + pentose sugar —> Nucleoside ‘ 24, What are hormones ? Give an example. Ans: Hormones are th le molecules that acts as int. fe Ex: Insulin, Glucagon, Thyroxine. sera aa 25. Menti iologi : Mest the biological importance of nucleic acids #1) They are involved in the protein synthesis 2) DNA is the rev: i erse of genetic i i Senetic information. 3) DNA is the chemical b: asis of heredity TUMAKURU DIST! RIC T PRE-UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LECTURER’S FORUM