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system liquidity refers to the availability of liquid assets within a banking
institution to meet its short-term financial obligations and customer withdrawals}
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dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 . Liquidity is a critical aspect of
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operate smoothly and meet their obligations without causing a financial crisis.
Here are some key points to understand about banking system liquidity}{\rtlch \fcs1
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rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 Liquid Assets: Liquid
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of value. These typically include cash reserves, government securities, and short-
term marketable securities.}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \
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rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 Bank Run Prevention:
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try to withdraw their funds simultaneously. If a bank doesn't have enough liquid
assets to meet these withdrawals, it can face financial distress or even collapse.}
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rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 Regulatory Requirements: Regulators often require
banks to maintain a minimum level of liquidity to ensure their stability. These
requirements can vary from one jurisdiction to another but are designed to ensure
that banks can weather economic downturns and financial crises.}{\rtlch \fcs1 \
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\cf1 \ulnone0 \caps0 HYPERLINK
"https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=104353" \'5cl
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li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 Interbank Lending: Banks also rely
on interbank lending markets to manage their liquidity. They can borrow money from
other banks on a short-term basis to cover temporary liquidity shortages}{\rtlch \
fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 , (Geoge et, al 2014)}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \
ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \
langnp9 .}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 For example NBS bank can
dicide to borrow maney form national bank if it has the access to fund during that
time, however }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \b0 \i0 \fs24 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chcbpat14 \cf1 \
caps0 This loan would typically come with an agreed-upon interest rate.}{\rtlch \
fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \b0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf1 }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \
b0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \cf1 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \
ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \
langnp9 Risk Management: Managing liquidity risk is a crucial part of a bank's risk
management strategy. Banks use various tools and models to forecast their liquidity
needs and ensure they have enough liquid assets on hand to meet those needs.}{\
rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \
fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 Asset-Liability Management: }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \
ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 according to (Tiliongo & kanyunbu 2019) }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \
ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \
langnp9 Banks engage in asset-liability management to match the maturities and
liquidity profiles of their assets (loans and investments) with their liabilities
(deposits and other obligations). This he}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 lps maintain a balanced and liquid position.}
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 Ag ood example is what happens to the companies like illovo whenever
they want quik cask for investment, they may sale shares to the bank and bank will
also sale them at a profit.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 In summary,
banking system liquidity is the ability of banks to quickly convert assets into
cash to meet short-term obligations, including customer withdrawals. Maintaining
adequate liquidity is essential for the stability of individual banks and the
broader financial system. Central banks, regulators, and prudent risk management
practices all play crucial roles in ensuring the liquidity of the banking system.}
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 \par
}\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0
\sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 Reference}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\trowd \trql \trgaph0 \trleft0 \
trwWidth4275 \trftsWidth2 \trftsWidthB3 \trftsWidthA1 \trpaddfl3 \trpaddft3 \
trpaddfb3 \trpaddfr3 \clvertalt \cltxlrtb \clcbpat18 \clwWidth7388 \clftsWidth3 \
cellx7387 \pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa0 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \widctlpar \
keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \intbl \itap1 \
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \
afs21 \ltrch \fcs0 \i0 \fs21 \kerning0 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \
alang1 \cf8 \caps0 Poole, W. (1968). Commercial Bank Reserves Management in
Stochastic Model: Implications for Monetary Policy. Journal of Finance, 23, 769-
791.}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs21 \ltrch \fcs0 \i0 \fs21 \kerning0 \rtlch \alang1 \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf8 \caps0 \line }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs21 \
ltrch \fcs0 \i0 \fs21 \kerning0 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf8 \
caps0 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00316.x}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \
afs21 \ltrch \fcs0 \i0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \cf8 \caps0 \cell }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \intbl \itap1 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\trowd \trql \trgaph0 \trleft0 \
trwWidth4275 \trftsWidth2 \trftsWidthB3 \trftsWidthA1 \trpaddfl3 \trpaddft3 \
trpaddfb3 \trpaddfr3 \clvertalt \cltxlrtb \clcbpat18 \clwWidth7388 \clftsWidth3 \
cellx7387 \row }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs21 \ltrch \fcs0 \i0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chcbpat18 \cf8 \caps0
Roukny, T., Georg, C. P., & Battiston, S. (2014). A Network Analysis of the
Evolution of the German Interbank Market. Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper,
22/2014.}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs21 \ltrch \fcs0 \i0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chcbpat18 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard
\plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs21 \ltrch \fcs0 \i0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chcbpat18 \cf8 \
caps0 Tiriongo, S., & Kanyumbu, E. (2019). Interbank Market Discipline and Its
Effectiveness: Case Study of Kenya and Malawi. AERC Research Paper 367, Nairobi:
African Economic Research Consortium.}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs21 \ltrch \fcs0 \i0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \
chcbpat18 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 \caps0 \par }}