COUN311
TOPIC: Week 1 - Introduction to Counseling and Psychotherapy
KEY WORDS/MAIN POINT
Psychotherapy
Treatment Plan
4 Main Perspectives
How to become better
counselor and therapist?
Existential approach
Feminist Therapy
Family Therapy
Ego Strength
SUMMARY/CONCLUSION:
Bakit nasa clusters of neuron ang trauma at di ito nawawala? Biological basis
NOTES/DEFINITION
- much longer than counseling
- required na emotionally processed
- it varies per symptom, non recyclable, and contains the therapy na gagamitin
- Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic, Traits
- Skills, Knowledge, Self Awareness
Psychodynamic- Problem
Behavioral- Learning problem
Cognitive- Thinking problem
Each therapeutic approach has useful dimensions. It is not a matter of a theory being “right” or “wrong”.
Accepting the validity of one model does not necessarily imply rejecting other models.
- does not prescribe a set of techniques and procedures.
Role Playing Technique- when people reenact scenes from their lives, they tend to become more
psychologically engaged.
- has contributed an awareness of how environmental and social conditions contribute to the problems of
women and men and how gender-role socialization leads to a lack of gender equality.
- teaches us that it is not possible to understand the individual apart from the context of the system.
-- both feminist and family therapy are based on premise that to understand the individual that it is
essential to take into consideration in the interpersonal dimensions and the sociocultural context rather
than focusing primarily on the intrapsychic domain.
Counselors Technicians
- Facilitate healing through a process of genuine Posses wide knowledge, both theoretical and
dialogue with their clients practical, yet lack human qualities of compassion,
- it is essential to explore own values, attitudes, caring, good faith, honesty, presence, realness,
and beliefs in depth and work to increase their and sensitivity
own awareness
- administering techniques to clients without regard for the relationship variables is ineffective
- the most powerful way for you to teach your clients is by the behavior you model and by the ways you
connect with them
- ability to manage life realistically which would include a discussion of his (Stan) suicidal thoughts
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TOPIC: Week 2 – The Counselor: Person and Professional // Goals // Personal Therapy
KEY WORDS/MAIN POINT
Contextual Factors
Counseling
Peer Counselor
Peer Facilitators
R.A. 9258
R.A. 10029
GENERIC GOALS
- Developmental Goals
- Preventive Goals
- Enhancement Goals
- Exploratory Goals
- Reinforcement Goals
- Remedial Goals
HUMAN DIMENSIONAL GOALS
- Cognitive Goals
- Psychological Goals
Psychotherapy
Clinical Formation
Personal Therapy
SUMMARY/CONCLUSION:
NOTES/DEFINITION
- one of the most important instruments you have to work with as counselor is yourself as a person
- our own genuineness can have a significant effect in our relationship with our clients
- If we are inauthentic, we will have difficulty establishing a working alliance with our clients. If we model
authenticity by engaging in a appropriate self-disclosure, our clients will tend to be honest with us as well
- clients place more value on the personality of the therapist than on the specific techniques used
- personal and interpersonal components are essential to effective psychotherapy
- are the primary determinants of therapeutic outcome
- the alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills of the therapist, client agency, and
extra therapeutic factors
- heart of the guidance program
- integrates all the gathered data about the individual and his/her environment in order to make sense
- facilitate growth and adjustment, problem solving and decision making
- support “here and now” feeling, in humanistic and existential approaches
- goal oriented relationship (professionally trained counselor & individual who is seeking help
- is a process by which clients are invited to look honestly at their behavior and make certain decisions
about how they want to modify the quality of their life.
- students or employees; helping fellow students or employees even with limited training
- non-professional
- Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004
- Philippine Psychology Act of 2009
- could be for everyone
- clients are assisted in their anticipated human growth and development in the physical, personal,
emotional, social cognitive, and spiritual
- the time they are not experiencing any problem but are helped to avoid experiencing undesired
outcomes
- help to identify, recognize and enhance unused or underused talents, skills, and ability
Howard Gardner – Multiple intelligence theory
- when clients are aware that they have a problem
- more on need of modification and affirmation
- clients are assisted to overcome or solve already existing concern
- development of intellect and this is a concern mainly in schools
- acquisition of basic foundations of learning and cognitive skills
- development of good intrapersonal and interpersonal skills
- voluntarily relationship
- refers to formulating the problem of the therapeutic model being used for the treatment
Contributes to the therapist’s professional work in the following three ways: (Orlinsky and colleagues)
1. As part of the therapists training, personal therapy offers a model of therapeutic practice in
which the trainee experiences the work of a more experienced therapist and learns
experientially what is helpful or not helpful
2. A beneficial experience in personal therapy can further enhance a therapist’s interpersonal skills
that are essential to skillfully practicing therapy
3. Successful personal therapy can contribute to a therapist’s ability to deal with the ongoing
stresses associated with clinical work
-- by participating in personal therapy, counselors can prevent their potential future countertransference
from harming clients
Countertransference- includes any of our projections that influence the way we perceive and react to a
client. This phenomenon occurs when we are triggered into emotional reactivity, when we respond
defensively, or when we lose our ability to be present in a relationship because our own issues become
involved.
- can be instrumental in healing the healer
- our own therapy can help us develop patience with our patients
- as we increase our self-awareness through our own therapy, we gain increased appreciation for the
courage our client display in their therapeutic journey
- participating in a process of self-exploration can reduce the chances of assuming an attitude of arrogance
of or being convinced that we are totally healed
- our own therapy helps us avoid assuming a stance of superiority over others and makes it less likely that
we would treat people as objects to be pitied or disrespected.
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TOPIC: Week 2 – Role of Values in Counseling
KEY WORDS/MAIN POINT
Values
Personal Values
Bracketing
Value Imposition
Ethical Obligation
Culture
Dimension of Competency
(conceptual framework for
competencies and standards in
multicultural counseling)
NOTES/DEFINITION
- the importance of self-exploration for counselors carries over the to the values and beliefs we hold
- are core beliefs that influence how we act, both in our personal and our professional lives.
- Personal values influence how we view counseling and the manner in which we interact with clients,
including the way we conduct client assessments, our views of the goals of counseling, the interventions
we choose, the topics we select for discussion in a counseling session, how we evaluate progress,
and how we interpret clients’ life situations.
-- persuading clients to accept or adopt our value system is not a legitimate outcome of counseling.
counselor’s role is to create a climate in which clients can examine their thoughts, feelings, and actions
and to empower them to arrive at their own solutions to problems they face.
counseling task is to assist individuals in finding answers that are most congruent with their own values.
- You may not agree with certain of your clients’ values, but you need to respect their right to hold
divergent values from yours.
- Your role is to provide a safe and inviting environment in which clients can explore the congruence
between their values and their behavior.
- Counselors are expected to set aside their personal beliefs and values when working with a wide range of
clients
- Managing your personal values so that they do not contaminate the counseling process
- refers to counselors directly attempting to define a client’s values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
- Your personal therapy sessions provide an opportunity for you to examine your beliefs and values
and to explore your motivations for wanting to share your belief system.
- Counseling is about working with clients within the framework of their value system.
- The general goals of counselors must be congruent with the personal goals of the client.
- When a person seeks a counseling relationship with you, it is important to cooperatively discover what
this person is expecting from the relationship
- client’s agenda is addressed rather than an agenda of your own.
- The therapist’s role is to assist clients in making decisions that are congruent with their worldview, not to
live by the therapist’s values.
- the values and behaviors shared by a group of individuals. refers to more than ethnic or racial heritage;
culture also includes factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, physical and mental ability,
and socioeconomic status.
- Counselors from all cultural groups must examine their expectations, attitudes, biases, and assumptions
about the counseling process and about persons from diverse groups.
- Everyone has biases, but being unaware of the biased attitudes we hold is an obstacle to client care.
- becoming a diversity-competent practitioner is not a destination that we arrive at once and for all; rather,
it is an ongoing process, a journey we take with our clients.
- Beliefs and attitudes - effective counselors have moved from being culturally unaware to ensuring that
their personal biases, values, or problems will not interfere with their ability to work with clients who are
culturally different from them. Rather than maintaining that their cultural heritage is superior, they are
able to accept and value cultural diversity. They realize that traditional theories and techniques may not be
appropriate for all clients or for all problems. Culturally skilled counselors monitor their functioning
through consultation, supervision, and further training or education.
- Knowledge - They know specifically about their own racial and cultural heritage and how it affects them
personally and professionally. The greater their depth and breadth of knowledge of culturally diverse
groups, the more likely they are to be effective practitioners.
- Skills and intervention strategy - effective counselors have acquired certain skills in working with
culturally diverse populations. They do not force their clients to fit within one counseling approach, and
they recognize that counseling techniques may be culture-bound. They are willing to seek out educational,
consultative, and training experiences to enhance their ability to work with culturally diverse client
populations. They consult regularly with other multiculturally sensitive professionals regarding issues of
culture to determine whether referral may be necessary.
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- but some understanding of the client’s cultural and ethnic background is essential.
- Effective multicultural practice demands an open stance on the part of the practitioner, flexibility, and a
willingness to modify strategies to fit the needs and the situation of the individual client.
- Practitioners who truly respect their clients will be aware of clients’ hesitations and will not be too quick
to misinterpret this behavior.
Issues Faced by Beginning Dealing with anxiety - That we have self-doubts is normal; it is how we deal with them that matters.
Therapists Being Yourself and Self-Disclosure - If we are able to be ourselves in our therapeutic work, and
appropriately disclose our reactions in counseling sessions, we increase the chances of being authentic. In
determining the appropriateness of self-disclosure, consider what to reveal, when to reveal, and how
much to reveal. Remain observant during any self-disclosure to get a sense of how the client is being
affected by it.
Avoiding Perfectionism - If our energies are tied up presenting an image of perfection, this will affect our
ability to be present for our clients. Students willing to risk making mistakes in supervised learning
situations and willing to reveal their self-doubts will find a direction that leads to growth.
Being Honest About Your Limitations - It is important to learn when and how to make a referral for clients
when your limitations prevent you from helping them. Before deciding that you do not have the life
experiences or the personal qualities to work with a given population, try working in a setting with a
population you do not intend to specialize in.
Understanding Silence - can have many meanings. The client and the therapist may be communicating
without words. Perhaps the interaction has been on a surface level, and both persons have some fear
or hesitancy about getting to a deeper level. When silence occurs, acknowledge and explore with your
client the meaning of the silence.
Dealing With Demands From Clients – One way of heading off these demands is to make your
expectations and boundaries clear during the initial counseling sessions or in the disclosure statement.
Dealing With Clients Who Lack Commitment - In working with involuntary clients, it is especially
important to prepare them for the process; doing so can go a long way toward increasing their
cooperation and involvement.
Tolerating Ambiguity - realize that the fruitful effects of the joint efforts of the therapist and the client
may manifest themselves after the conclusion of therapy.
Becoming Aware of Your Countertransference- Beginning counselors need to learn how to “let clients go”
and not carry around their problems until the next session. If we do not engage in this kind of self-
exploration, we increase the danger of losing ourselves in our clients and using them to meet our
unfulfilled needs. Our personal therapy can be instrumental in enabling us to recognize and manage our
countertransference reactions.
Developing a Sense of Humor - Therapy is a responsible endeavor, but it need not be deadly serious. It is
important to recognize that laughter or humor does not mean that clients are not respected or work is not
being accomplished. The therapist needs to distinguish between humor that distracts and humor that
enhances the situation.
Sharing Responsibility With the Client - How responsibility will be shared should be addressed early in the
course of counseling. It is your responsibility to discuss specific matters such as length and overall duration
of the sessions, confidentiality, general goals, and methods used to achieve goals.
Declining to Give Advice - Therapists help clients discover their own solutions and recognize their own
freedom to act. Even if we, as therapists, were able to resolve clients’ struggles for them, we would be
fostering their dependence on us. Our task is to help clients make independent choices and accept the
consequences of their choices.
Defining Your Role as a Counselor - Counseling is a process by which clients are invited to look honestly at
their behavior and make certain decisions about how they want to modify the quality of their life. Your
role will not be defined once and for all. You will have to reassess the nature of your professional
commitments and redefine your role at various times.
Learning to use Techniques Appropriately - it is important to avoid using techniques in a hit-or-miss
fashion, to fill time, to meet your own needs, or to get things moving. Your methods need to be
thoughtfully chosen as a way to help clients make therapeutic progress.
Developing Your Own Counseling Style - There is no one way to conduct therapy, and wide variations in
approach can be effective. Your counseling style will be influenced by your teachers, therapists, and
supervisors, but don’t blur your potential uniqueness by trying to imitate them. I advocate borrowing from
others, yet, at the same time, doing it in a way that is distinctive to you.
Maintaining Your Vitality as a Person and as a Professional - We need to work at dealing with those
factors that threaten to drain life from us and render us helpless.

Professional Burnout - If you are aware of the factors that sap your vitality as a person, you are in a better position to prevent
the condition known as professional burnout.
- It is important to realize that you cannot continue to give and give while getting little in return. There is a
price to pay for always being available and for assuming responsibility over the lives and destinies of
others.
Self Monitoring - is a crucial first step in self-care. By being in tune with yourself, by having the experience of centered-
ness and solidness, and by feeling a sense of personal power, you have the foundation for integrating your
life experiences with your professional experiences.

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- Self-care is not a luxury; it is an ethical mandate. If we neglect to care for ourselves, our clients will not be
getting the best of us. It is not possible to provide nourishment to our clients if we are not nourishing
ourselves.
- our self-care should mirror the care we provide for others.
- Wellness is the result of our conscious commitment to a way of life that leads to zest, peace, vitality, and
happiness.

Professional Helpers - professional organization, use of ethical code, and standards of practice, accrediting body that governs
training, credentialing, and licensing of practice
- have a sense of vocation and mission – the public promise (to profess) the act of good of the public
Public Trust - upheld is through accountability making sure professionals deliver services and programs to clientele
that are valuable, useful, affordable, and effective
EBP - Evidence Based Practice
- should be scientifically sound
Helping 1st Dimension- conditions
2nd Dimension- preconditions
3rd Dimension- relates to the result of the interactions between these two person

1st Someone seeking help

2nd Someone who is willing to give help (professional)
3rd Someone who is capable or trained to help
4th in a setting that permits help to be given and received
Principles - Professional helping involves responding to the feelings, thoughts, actions, social systems of clients
- based on a stance or frame that involves a basic acceptance of clients
- characterized by confidentiality & privacy
- non-coercive
- focusing on the needs and disclosure of the client rather than the counselor
- a skill underlying
Virtue - “what kind of person are you?”
- much of the world seems to be morally compromised and fractured
- what kind of “self” are you bringing

Neural interaction and mindful - alters the brain

awareness
Mindfulness and Acceptance-
based approaches
Passage Meditation - a memorized passage or prayer repeat it silently – once daily, in the morning to set a positive mind
Mantra Meditation - is a meditation approach that uses the repetition of phrases (mantras) to promote focus and intention.
Slowing Down / Mindfulness - a mental training practice that teaches you to slow down racing thoughts, let go of negativity, and calm
Meditation both your mind and body.
One-pointed attention - is an aspect of Dharana, the sixth limb of the eight limb path of yoga. Dharana refers to “immovable
concentration of the mind.” The essential idea is to hold the concentration or focus of attention in one
direction rather than letting it wander.
Train the senses - about pointing our attention towards different senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, smell, and our
thoughts.
Meditation - promotes integration of various parts of the brain
Jung - persona

“Staying alive – it’s a prerequisite”

SUMMARY/CONCLUSION: