2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows six different animal and plant cells.

Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) Name cells 4 and 5. Write your answers below.

cell 4……………………………………………

cell 5…………………………………………… [2]

(ii) Describe the function of structure D in cell 4.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….……[3]

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP

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(b) You are now required to identify each cell by letter, following a series of instructions.

When you have identified each cell, write the appropriate letter beneath the identified cell
in Fig. 1.1, in the space provided.

Cell E has already been identified for you.

Select a cell in Fig. 1.1, then ask yourself the following questions.

Q1 Does the cell have a cell wall?

if it does, go to Q2
if it does not, go to Q3

Q2 Does the cell have chloroplasts?

if it does, go to Q4
if it does not, then it is cell E

Q3 Does the cell have a nucleus?

if it does, go to Q5
if it does not, then it is cell F

Q4 Does the cell show more than 5 chloroplasts?

if it does, it is cell G
if it does not, then it is cell H

Q5 Does the nucleus occupy more than half of the cell’s cytoplasm?
if it does, it is cell J
if it does not, then it is cell K

When you have completed this process for the cell you selected, repeat the process for
another cell, and continue until all cells have been identified by letter. [5]

[Total: 10]

2 AIDS is an infectious disease transmitted by sexual contact.

It is possible to test the blood of a person for the presence of antibodies produced after
infection with the pathogen that causes AIDS.

(a) State each of the following:

(i) name of the pathogen that causes AIDS

........................................... [1]

(ii) the component of an infected person’s blood that produces antibodies

........................................... [1]

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(iii) the component of an infected person’s blood that transports these antibodies.

........................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows part of a kit for testing a sample of blood for the presence of
antibodies for AIDS.

Fig. 2.1

If antibodies for AIDS are in the drop of blood added at S, a coloured line will form at
the test region, T.

The presence of a coloured line at the control region, C, indicates that sufficient blood
has been added and that the result at the test region, T, is valid.

(i) If a person believes that they may have been infected with AIDS, a doctor may
suggest that they have a blood test.

Suggest why it is advisable for a person to wait until some time after their last sexual
contact has taken place before the test is carried out.

.........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................[1]

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP

 5

(ii) Three possible outcomes of the test are shown in Fig. 2.2.

Fig. 2.2

Complete Table 2.1 by entering either the word yes or the word no in each box
to summarise the significance of each outcome.

Table 2.1

outcome is the result of the test valid? can it be concluded that the person
is infected with AIDS?
X

[2]

(iii) State one first symptom shown by a person with primary stage AIDS.

…...............................................................................................................................[1]

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP

 6

(c) Syphilis is another example of sexually-transmitted infection caused by bacteria.

Fig. 2.3 shows the number of reported cases of syphilis in men in a country between
1995 and 2012.

Fig. 2.3

(i) Using Fig. 2.3, calculate the percentage increase in the number of reported cases of
syphilis in men between 2004 and 2012.

Show your working.

.......................................................% [1]

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP

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(ii) Suggest why the actual increase in the number of cases of syphilis in men may have
been higher than shown in Fig. 2.3.

…....................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the type of drug that should be given to a person with primary stage syphilis to
prevent the disease from progressing to the secondary stage.

...................................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) Suggest two recommendations that may be made to men in order to reduce the
number of new cases of infection with syphilis.

1 ....................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 12]

3 Fig. 3.1 shows the internal structure of a seed from a pea plant.

Fig. 3.1

(a) Identify the parts labelled C to F.

C …………………………………

D …………………………………

E …………………………………

F …………………………………
[4]

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP

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(b) Fig. 3.2 shows two seeds, one from each of two pea plants of the same species.

Seeds from this species have either a smooth surface or a wrinkled surface.

Fig. 3.2

The type of surface of a seed is controlled by a single gene. The allele of the gene that
gives the seed a smooth surface (R) is dominant to the allele that gives the seed a wrinkled
surface (r).

(i) Name the part in a cell that contains the genes.

………………………………… [1]

(ii) Define each of the following terms.

gene …………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

dominant allele ……………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….[4]

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP

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(iii) One pea plant, H, has a homozygous genotype that develops seeds with a wrinkled
surface. Another pea plant, J, has an unknown genotype.

When these two plants were cross-pollinated, approximately half of the offspring had
peas with a wrinkled surface.

Complete Fig. 3.3 for this cross and state the genotype of pea plant J.

Fig. 3.3

genotype of pea plant J: ………………………………………..[3]

[Total: 12]

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP

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4 Fig. 4.1 shows a yellow-shouldered Amazon bird, Amazona barbadensis, a species of

parrot found along the Venezuelan coast of the Caribbean.

Fig. 4.1

(a) State the vertebrate group that includes A. barbadensis and give two features that are
used to classify animals into this group.

vertebrate group .................................................................................................................

feature 1 .............................................................................................................................

feature 2 ..........................................................................................................................[2]

(b) This species is subdivided into several populations on the mainland and on the islands of
Margarita and Bonaire, Venezuela. Biologists believe that A. barbadensis rarely travel
between these places.

Explain what the biologists mean, when they refer to populations of animals, such as A.
barbadensis.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................[2]

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP

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(c) The number of A. barbadensis on Margarita Island, Venezuela had decreased to 700
parrots in 1989.

Suggest three possible reasons that have contributed to the decrease in the parrots’
population size.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

3 …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………[3]

(d) The population then increased to 1600 parrots by 2009.

Part of this increase was due to the release of captive-bred parrots on the island. This is
one of the few successful release programmes of parrots. A similar release programme in
Arizona, USA in the 1980s of a different species of parrot instead, was not successful.

Suggest why release programmes for captive-bred parrots were not successful.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) Many biologists think that it is better to conserve ecosystems rather than individual
species, such as parrots.

Explain the advantages of conserving ecosystems.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................[3]

[Total: 12]

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5 Fig. 5.1 below shows the circulatory system of a fish.

The lungs of a human and the gills of a fish both have a large surface area for gas exchange.

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) State two differences between the structure of the heart of a fish and the structure of
the heart of a human.

1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

(ii) Choose the correct word to complete the sentence below.

higher than the same as lower than

The pressure of blood in the aorta of a fish will be …………………………………….. the

pressure of blood in the aorta of a human. [1]

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(b) Fig. 5.2 below shows an Antarctic icefish.

Fig. 5.2

The blood of Antarctic icefish is colourless.

(i) State which component of human blood is not present in the blood of an Antarctic
icefish.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

Antarctic icefish live in the Antarctic Ocean where the water temperature is very cold.

Aerobic respiration is an enzyme-controlled reaction.

More oxygen is able to dissolve in water at a lower temperature.

Antarctic icefish have a larger heart, wider blood vessels and a greater volume of blood
than fish of the same size that live in warmer water.

(ii) Suggest how Antarctic icefish with colourless blood are able to survive in the low
temperatures of the Antarctic Ocean.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………..[5]

[Total: 9]
21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP
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6 (a) A leaf of a plant can be described as an organ.

Define the term organ.

…….………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…….………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…….……………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a cross section of part of a leaf.

Fig. 6.1

(i) Identify the tissue labelled A in Fig. 6.1.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) Identify the structure labelled C in Fig. 6.1.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP

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(iii) Describe how the tissue labelled B is adapted to maximise photosynthesis.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………….[3]

(c) (i) State two substances that are transported only in the phloem.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(ii) Explain why some parts of a plant can act as both a source and a sink.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

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(d) The effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of oxygen production in an aquatic
plant was measured.

• A lamp was used to keep the light intensity constant.

• The oxygen gas released by the plant was collected in a gas syringe.
• The plant was placed in water that was kept constant at 20°C.

Fig. 6.2 shows the results.

(i) The rate of oxygen production was assumed to be the same as the rate of
photosynthesis.

Suggest why the rate of oxygen production was not the same as the rate of
photosynthesis.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

Fig. 6.2

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(ii) Explain the results shown in Fig. 6.2.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………..[3]

(e) The investigation was repeated with the same type of aquatic plant at 10°C.

Draw a line on Fig. 6.2 to predict the results at 10°C. [2]

[Total: 16]

7 Fig. 7.1 below shows structures involved in a reflex action that results in removal of a
person’s hand from a sharp object.

Fig. 7.1

(a) (i) Name and state the function of:

structure P

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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 18

structure R

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………[4]

(ii) State the location of structure Q in the human nervous system.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(b) Outline the pathway in this reflex arc in response to the finger touching the sharp object.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………[4]

[Total: 9]

- END OF PAPER -

21-22_IGCSE Prelim _Biology P4_QP_FBP