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INDIAN ECONOMY
Lecture – 05
Growth and Development
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➢ Values from 0 to 9.9 reflect low hunger, values from 10.0 to 19.9 reflect moderate hunger, values from
20.0 to 34.9 indicate serious hunger, values from 35.0 to 49.9 reflect alarming hunger, and values of
50.0 or more reflect extremely alarming hunger levels.
➢ India is ranked behind most of its neighboring countries. Their ranks are given below: Pakistan - 99,
Sri Lanka - 64, Nepal - 81, Bangladesh - 84.
❖ Human Development Index (HDI), 2021-22:
➢ The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index that is used to rank countries in terms
of Human Development.
➢ It is published by the Human Development Report Office for the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP).
➢ A country scores a higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross
national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher.
➢ It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, with help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University
and Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics.
➢ It is calculated using four indicators — life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected
years of schooling, and the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.
➢ The index rates countries on a scale of 0 to 1, with countries with a higher rating being more developed
(in terms of human development) than countries with a lower rating. Therefore, the closer a score is to
one, the greater the level of human development.
➢ India ranked 132nd among 191 countries and territories on the 2021 Human Development Index (HDI).
➢ India’s latest HDI value of 0.633 places the country in the medium human development category, lower
than its value of 0.645 in the 2020 report.
➢ Among India’s neighbors, Sri Lanka (73rd), China (79th), Bangladesh (129th), and Bhutan (127th) are
ranked above India, while Pakistan (161st ), Nepal (143rd ), and Myanmar (149th) are worse off.
❖ Corruption Perceptions Index, 2021:
➢ The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index published annually by Berlin-based Transparency
International since 1995 which ranks countries "by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as
determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.
➢ If the score is 99-50, then the country is perceived as less corrupt, and 49-0, the country is perceived as
more corrupt.
➢ Out of 179 countries, India is in 86th place with a score of 40 in 2020. India's score was 36 in 2012. In
2021, the rank is 85 and the score is 40.
➢ This year top countries are Denmark, New Zealand and Finland each with a score of 88.
➢ South Sudan, Syria and Somalia remain at the bottom of the index.
❖ Global Peace Index, 2021:
➢ Global Peace Index (GPI) is a report produced by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) that
measures the relative position of nations' and regions' peacefulness.
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➢ The GPI ranks 172 independent states and territories (collectively accounting for 99.7 per cent of the
world's population) according to their levels of peacefulness.
➢ India's rank is 135 out of 163 nations in 2021. India's rank was 141 out of 171 countries in 2019.
➢ The 2021 GPI indicates Iceland, New Zealand, Denmark, Portugal, Austria, Slovenia, and Denmark to be
the most peaceful countries, and Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, South Sudan, and Yemen to be the least
peaceful.
❖ Global Terrorism Index, 2023:
➢ The Global Terrorism Index (GTI) is a report published annually by the Institute for Economics and
Peace (IEP), and was developed by IT entrepreneur and IEP's founder Steve Killelea..
➢ The index provides a comprehensive summary of the key global trends and patterns in terrorism since
2000.
➢ The GTI is based on data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) which is collected and collated
by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) at the
University of Maryland.
➢ The GTD has codified over 190,000 cases of terrorism, it covers 163 countries, consisting 99.7% of the
world's population.
➢ If the score is 10-8 (Very high impact), 8-6 (High impact), 6-4 (Medium impact), 4-2 (Low impact), 2-0
(Very low impact), and 0 (No impact).
➢ India ranks 13 in this index with a score of 7.353.
Some Other Facts:
❖ Prevalence of Undernourishment:
➢ According to Global Hunger Index, 2022, prevalence of undernourishment, which is a measure of
the proportion of the population facing chronic deficiency of dietary. energy intake, has risen in the
country from 14.6% in 2018-2020 to 16.3% in 2019-2021.
➢ This translates into 224.3 million people in India considered undernourished out of the total 828
million people undernourished globally.
❖ Deaths due to Air Pollution:
➢ Pollution led to more than 2.3 million premature deaths in India in 2019, according to a new Lancet
study published in May, 2022.
➢ Nearly 1.6 million deaths were due to air pollution alone, and more than 500,000 were caused by water
pollution.
➢ The study found that more than 90% of pollution related deaths occurred in low-income and middle-
income countries, with India topping the list with 2.36 million and China at number two with 2.1
million deaths.