Test Bank For Inquiry Into Life 16th Edition Sylvia Mader Michael Windelspecht 3

Test Bank for Inquiry into Life, 16th Edition, Sylvia Mader Michael Windelspecht
Test Bank for Inquiry into Life, 16th Edition, Sylvia

Mader Michael Windelspecht
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Inquiry Into Life, 16e, Mader
Chapter 6 Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes
1) Which energy association is correct?

A) Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
B) Water stored behind a dam is an example of kinetic energy.
C) Energy in the chemical bonds of a molecule is kinetic energy.
D) Potential energy must be used immediately or it is lost.
E) Light energy is a form of chemical energy.
Answer: A
Explanation: Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Water stored behind a dam is potential
energy which does not have to be used immediately. Energy in chemical bonds is chemical
energy which is another form of potential energy. Light energy is a form of solar energy.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Learning Outcome: 06.01.01 Describe the different forms of energy.
2) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?
A) One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into another usable form.
B) One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form.
C) Energy can be created or destroyed but not changed from one form to another.
D) Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another.
E) Energy cannot be transformed.
Answer: D
Explanation: The first law is the law of conservation of energy. It states that energy cannot be
created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Learning Outcome: 06.01.02 Summarize the two laws of thermodynamics and how these laws
apply to cells.
1
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
3) Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?
A) Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
B) One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form.
C) Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another.
D) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
E) Energy can be created or destroyed but it cannot be transformed.
Answer: A
Explanation: The second law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be changed from one
form to another without a loss of usable energy.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
apply to cells.
4) Ultimately, humans get their energy from the sun.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Humans get their energy from their food, which comes from organisms that either
photosynthesize or eat those organisms that photosynthesize. Photosynthesizers get their energy
from the sun.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
5) All of the energy that a plant stores in the bonds of glucose are available to an animal to power
its muscles.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: No, some of the energy is lost as heat, so not all of the energy is available.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
apply to cells.
2
6) Because the inside of a cell is more organized than the outside, the inside of the cell has
increased entropy.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Increased organization means decreased entropy.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
apply to cells.
7) What is a metabolic reaction called that involves one reaction releasing energy to provide
energy for a second reaction that requires energy?
A) an endergonic reaction
B) an exergonic reaction
C) a coupled reaction
D) a reversible reaction
E) anabolism
Answer: C
Explanation: A coupled reaction is one in which one reaction provides energy for another.
Exergonic reactions release energy, whereas endergonic reactions require energy. Reversible
reactions can go either direction. Anabolism refers to the building up of molecules.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Energy
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Summarize the ATP cycle and the role of ATP in the cell.
8) ATP can be broken down into

A) ADP.
B) ADP plus phosphate.
C) ADP plus phosphate plus energy.
D) pyruvate.
E) lactate.
Answer: C
Explanation: ATP is broken down into ADP plus phosphate plus energy.
Section: 06.02
Topic: ATP
3
9) Most cells use a tremendous amount of ATP
A) so our bodies therefore produce and maintain a huge amount of ATP in storage.
B) but the amount of stored ATP is not great because our body constantly generates ATP from
ADP + P.
C) mainly because ATP is not very efficient as an energy currency.
D) but only for chemical work; transport and mechanical work must use a different form of
energy.
Answer: B
Explanation: The amount of ATP on hand at any one moment is minimal because ATP is
constantly being generated from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP is not an enzyme, is very
efficient, and is used for all sorts of work within the cell.
Section: 06.02
Topic: ATP
10) Will the reaction A + B turn into C spontaneously "move" forward if the free energy of A +
B is 25 units and the free energy of C is 30 units?
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
Explanation: No. In order for a reaction to go forward, the substrates must have more free
energy than the products.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Metabolic Pathways
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 06.02.01 Identify how the terms anabolic, catabolic, endergonic, and
exergonic relate to metabolic reactions.
4
11) Which of the following is an accurate statement about metabolic pathways?
A) Products are the input molecules.
B) Metabolic pathways tend to be unorganized and unregulated.
C) The same enzyme catalyzes all the reactions in a pathway.
D) Metabolic pathways often intersect one another.
E) A constant supply of new enzymes must be produced to keep the metabolic pathway active.
Answer: D
Explanation: A diagram of the metabolic pathways of a cell would look much like a road map,
with many intersecting points. In a metabolic pathway, a different enzyme catalyzes each
reaction and enzymes can be used over and over again, so they do not need to be constantly
resupplied. Metabolic pathways are very organized and regulated. The reactant is the input
molecule and the product is the output molecule.
Section: 06.03
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Explain the purpose of a metabolic pathway and how enzymes
help regulate it.
12) A reactant will always produce the same type of product, regardless of the enzymes present.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: A particular reactant can be a substrate for various enzymes, each resulting in a
different product.
Section: 06.03
help regulate it.
5
13) During an enzymatic reaction, what happens to the enzyme?
A) It becomes the product.
B) It becomes the substrate.
C) It is used up.
D) The enzyme and the substrate form a permanent complex.
E) The enzyme and the substrate form a temporary complex.
Answer: E
Explanation: The enzyme and the substrate form a temporary enzyme-substrate complex, which
is broken down to release the enzyme unchanged and the product. The enzyme is not used up by
the reaction.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Learning Outcome: 06.03.02 Recognize how enzymes influence the activation energy rates of a
chemical reaction.
14) Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?

A) Their 3-D shape can vary and still be active.
B) Boiling temperatures do not affect their activity.
C) They catalyze only one specific type of reaction.
D) They can associate with a wide variety of substrates.
E) They are unaffected by changes in pH.
Answer: C
Explanation: Enzymes are specific for their substrate and only perform one type of reaction.
They are affected by temperature and pH. An enzyme with an altered 3-D shape will not bind to
its substrate.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Learning Outcome: 06.03.03 Identify how environmental conditions influence the activity of an
enzyme.
6
15) Which of the following molecules is an enzyme?
A) lipase
B) maltose
C) uric acid
D) lactose
E) DNA
Answer: A
Explanation: Enzymes normally end with the suffix -ase.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
chemical reaction.
16) Enzymes have "specificity." This means that they

A) have a preferred pH.
B) have a preferred temperature.
C) have a particular substrate.
D) are only in certain cells.
E) require ATP and cofactors in order to work properly.
Answer: C
Explanation: Although enzymes do have preferred temperatures and pHs, require ATP and
cofactors, and are present only in certain cells, their "specificity" refers to their particular
substrate. An enzyme is specific because it has only one substrate.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
help regulate it.
7
17) Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes
A) increase the energy of activation.
B) decrease the productivity of the cell.
C) always require coenzymes.
D) have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates.
E) are named for their substrate.
Answer: D
Explanation: The specificity of an enzyme is due to the complementarity of the active site and
the shape of the substrate. Although enzymes are named for their substrates, this does not
account for their specificity.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
help regulate it.
18) The addition of an enzyme will change the end result of a reaction. In other words, a
particular reaction will result in a different product if an enzyme is used.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Enzymes only lower the energy of activation of a reaction. They do not change the
end result.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
help regulate it.
8
19) The reason an increase in substrate concentration does not increase the reaction rate
indefinitely is because
A) eventually the enzyme will no longer recognize the substrate.
B) the active site will become saturated with substrate and the enzyme will not be able to go any
faster.
C) another enzyme will take advantage of the excess substrate and use it for a different reaction.
D) enzymes cannot be used more than once in a reaction.
E) the enzyme will become denatured.
Answer: B
Explanation: Once the active site is saturated with substrate, the enzyme has achieved its
maximum rate and cannot increase any more.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
enzyme.
20) Which is true about energy of activation?

A) Energy of activation is measured as the energy that is released after a reaction occurs.
B) Adding the correct enzyme can lower the energy of activation.
C) In any one metabolic pathway, all steps will have the same energy of activation.
D) Energy of activation is the difference between the energy of the reactant and the energy of the
product.
E) The energy of activation is always lower than the energy of the reactant.
Answer: B
Explanation: The energy of activation is the energy that must be overcome for a reaction to
proceed. Enzymes lower this energy of activation. Free energy is the difference between the
energy of the reactant and the energy of the product.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
chemical reaction.
9
21) If an enzymatic reaction was controlled by feedback inhibition, we would expect it to stop
A) only if the substrate was exhausted.
B) when the cofactors are exhausted.
C) when the product changed the pH.
D) as soon as a critical level of end product builds up.
E) only if a metabolic poison is added.
Answer: D
Explanation: Feedback inhibition involves the binding of the end product of an active pathway
to a site on the enzyme, causing it to change shape.
Section: 06.03
enzyme.
22) Which of the following will increase enzyme activity?

A) increase the temperature to boiling
B) decrease the concentration of the enzyme
C) alter the substrate
D) change to optimum pH for the reaction
E) decrease the temperature
Answer: D
Explanation: Placing an enzyme in its optimal pH environment will increase its activity. All of
the other answers will decrease enzyme activity. Decreasing the temperature will slow the
enzyme, altering the substrate would render the enzyme useless because it requires its specific
substrate with a specific shape. Boiling an enzyme generally denatures it and decreasing the
concentration of the enzyme will slow the overall reaction down.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
enzyme.
10
23) The metabolic pathways of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
A) involve the same substrates and therefore the same enzymes.
B) are exactly the same.
C) involve oxidation reactions during photosynthesis and reduction reactions during respiration.
D) involve oxidation reactions during respiration and reduction reactions during photosynthesis.
E) both involve oxidation and reduction reactions.
Answer: E
Explanation: The equation for respiration and photosynthesis are the opposite of one another,
and therefore the reactions are not the same, nor do they have the same substrates and enzymes.
Both reactions involve both oxidation and reduction.
Section: 06.04
Learning Outcome: 06.04.02 Summarize the relationship between the metabolic reactions of
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
24) A reaction is only considered an oxidation reaction when oxygen is involved.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: An oxidation reaction involves the loss of electrons, whether or not oxygen is
involved.
Section: 06.04
Learning Outcome: 06.04.01 Explain how equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration
represent oxidation-reduction reactions.
25) We often say that we need food for energy. In a biological sense, is this correct?
A) Yes, because the smallest units inside the atoms that make up the food are simply pure
energy.
B) Yes, because the food must move through the digestive system, and motion is kinetic energy.
C) Yes, because the food we eat has potential energy in its structure and this chemical energy can
be converted into mechanical energy.
D) No, because food consists of matter and cannot be transformed into energy.
E) No, since all food matter stays matter, and energy remains energy.
Answer: C
Explanation: Food contains energy in the form of chemical bonds that is being stored. Our
bodies break these bonds and utilize the energy.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 3. Apply
11
26) When heat dissipates into the environment, it is no longer usable by the individual who
produced it.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Once heat dissipates, it is not available to do work for the individual who produced
it.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
apply to cells.
27) Heat is a form of energy.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Heat is not a usable form of energy once it dissipates into the environment, but it is
a form of energy.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 1 Remember
apply to cells.
28) Which hypothesis, based on the two laws of thermodynamics as applied to cells, would
determine if something is a living cell or not?
A) If something uses energy to make itself more organized, then it is alive.
B) If something is organized, then it is alive.
C) If something moves, then it is alive.
D) If something loses heat, then it is alive.
E) If something uses energy to move, then it is alive.
Answer: A
Explanation: Non-living things can be organized, move, lose heat, and use energy to move.
Living things use energy to make themselves organized.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
apply to cells.
12
29) Occasionally someone claims to have built a machine that can run forever, producing as
much energy as it consumes. This has always been disproved because it violates
A) the first law of thermodynamics.
B) the second law of thermodynamics.
C) entropy.
D) laws preventing any conversion between types of energy.
E) coupled reaction equations.
Answer: B
Explanation: This violates the second law which states that energy cannot be changed from one
form to another without a loss of usable energy.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 3. Apply
apply to cells.
30) Which of the following is a correct statement about the second law of thermodynamics and
entropy?
A) The amount of disorder in the universe is always increasing.
B) To maintain organization of a cell, a continual output of energy is required.
C) Living cells without energy would become more organized.
D) Energy lost as heat is more useful to the cell in doing work.
E) Carbon dioxide and water form glucose without the input of energy.
Answer: A
Explanation: According to the second law of thermodynamics the amount of entropy or disorder
in the universe is continuously increasing. In order for a cell to maintain organization, a
continual input of energy is required and therefore a cell without an input of energy would
become less organized. Energy lost as heat is not useful to a cell and in order to create glucose
from water and carbon dioxide, an input of energy is required.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
apply to cells.
13
31) Which of the following is consistent with the laws of physics governing energy?
A) Eventually, sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to the atmosphere as dispersed heat.
B) You eat a "quarter-pounder" hamburger and add exactly a quarter-pound of additional weight
to your body.
C) When a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine, 100% of its energy goes into moving the
car along the road.
D) A calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue.
E) A calorie of plant tissue, which when eaten by you, becomes a calorie of muscle "power."
Answer: A
Explanation: Energy does not cycle through the environment. All of the energy that is absorbed
on Earth will eventually be lost as heat back into the atmosphere. No conversion of energy is
100% efficient so none of the other answers is possible.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
apply to cells.
32) Gasoline engines use energy more efficiently than cells.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Gasoline engines are 20–30% efficient, while cells are ~40% efficient.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 1 Remember
apply to cells.
33) Energy, but not chemicals, may cycle through living things.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Energy flows, but chemicals cycle through living things.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 1 Remember
14
34) When a cell uses substantial energy to organize its cell contents to a greater degree than the
organization that exists outside the living cell
A) energy has been created.
B) entropy has increased.
C) entropy has decreased.
D) entropy remains the same.
E) energy has been destroyed.
Answer: C
Explanation: Increasing organization results in decreasing entropy. Energy can be neither
created nor destroyed.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 3. Apply
apply to cells.
35) While science cannot describe "thinking" in physical terms, we are certain that the process
involves metabolism inside brain cells. With positron emission tomography (PET scan), it is
possible to inject short-lived isotopes and image the regions of the brain that have the most active
metabolism during various mental activities. However
A) thought cannot be linked to cell processes because energy is not related to matter.
B) since thoughts can occur over and over, the requirement for a continual input of energy to
prevent entropy does not apply to this cell activity.
C) the cellular energy expended in thinking must be less than the chemical bond energy supplied
in food to these brain cells.
D) "thinking" is beyond the scope of science to study.
E) "thinking" is not a cellular process and therefore does not require energy.
Answer: C
Explanation: Since thinking is a metabolic process, it requires energy in the form of food.
Energy is required for all metabolic activities.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 3. Apply
apply to cells.
15
36) The amount of energy available to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred is called
A) entropy.
B) metabolic energy.
C) potential energy.
D) kinetic energy.
E) free energy.
Answer: E
Explanation: Free energy is that amount of energy still "free" to do work after a chemical
reaction has occurred.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 1 Remember
37) The change in free energy of a reaction, delta G, is calculated by

A) subtracting the free energy content of the products from that of the reactants.
B) subtracting the free energy content of the reactants from that of the products.
C) adding the free energy content of the products to that of the reactants.
D) the amount of free energy content of the reactants.
E) the amount of free energy content of the products.
Answer: B
Explanation: The amount of free energy is calculated by subtracting the free energy content of
the reactants from that of the products.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 1 Remember
16
38) Chemical reactions that require the input of energy are
A) exergonic reactions.
B) endergonic reactions.
C) coupled reactions.
D) kinetic reactions.
E) catabolic reactions.
Answer: B
Explanation: Endergonic reactions require energy. Exergonic reactions release energy. Catabolic
reactions break down molecules. Coupled reactions combine an endergonic with an exergonic
reaction. Kinetic reactions involve motion.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 1 Remember
39) Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced?

A) mitochondria
B) cytoplasm
C) nucleus
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi body
Answer: A
Explanation: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell where ATP is produced.
Section: 06.02
Topic: ATP
Bloom's: 1 Remember
40) When glucose is broken down during cellular respiration, all of the free energy of glucose is
transformed into ATP.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Only 39% of the free energy of glucose is transformed to ATP; the rest is lost as
heat.
Section: 06.02
Topic: ATP
Bloom's: 1 Remember
17
41) The term metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Cellular metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 1 Remember
42) The various uses of ATP include

A) chemical work.
B) mechanical work.
C) transport work.
D) moving substances into a cell.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.
Answer: E
Explanation: ATP can do chemical, mechanical, and transport work. Moving substances into a
cell is a type of transport work. ATP is not a structural component of the cell membrane.
Section: 06.02
Topic: ATP
Bloom's: 3. Apply
43) The main reason that ATP is considered the energy currency in cells is because it
A) is a small molecule.
B) carries a positive charge.
C) contains accessible energy in phosphate bonds.
D) contains an adenine base.
E) contains a sugar ring.
Answer: C
Explanation: While ATP is small and does contain an adenine base and a sugar ring, these are
not responsible for its energy-carrying capacity. That is a result of the energy within the
phosphate bonds. ATP carries a negative charge.
Section: 06.02
Topic: ATP
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
18
44) ATP contains
A) an adenine base and one phosphate group.
B) an adenine base and two phosphate groups.
C) an adenine base and three phosphate groups.
D) an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and two phosphate groups.
E) an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.
Answer: E
Explanation: ATP is adenosine (an adenine base plus a ribose sugar) plus three phosphates
(triphosphate).
Section: 06.02
Topic: ATP
Bloom's: 1 Remember
45) If A has a free energy of 38 units, and C has a free energy of 45 units, and the reaction is
exergonic, based on the calculation of free energy, which is the substrate and which is the
product?
A) A is the substrate and C is the product.
B) C is the substrate and A is the product.
C) It is impossible to tell with this information.
D) Both A and C are the products.
E) Both A and C are the substrates.
Answer: B
Explanation: An exergonic reaction will release energy; therefore, the substrate must have more
energy than the products because of the loss of energy to the environment. C is therefore the
substrate and A is the product.
Section: 06.02
Bloom's: 3. Apply
19
46) The high energy bond in ATP is found in or between
A) the adenine base.
B) the adenine and the ribose.
C) the ribose sugar.
D) the adenine and the phosphates.
E) the phosphate groups.
Answer: E
Explanation: The phosphate groups contain the high energy bonds.
Section: 06.02
Topic: ATP
Bloom's: 1 Remember
47) In a coupled reaction, some of the energy released in one reaction is used to drive another
reaction forward.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Energy released from the exergonic reaction is used to drive the endergonic
reaction.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 1 Remember
48) Which of the following is an example of chemical work within a cell?

A) diffusion of oxygen across the membrane
B) building a protein
C) moving glucose across the cell membrane
D) the beating of cilia
E) the contraction of muscle fibers
Answer: B
Explanation: Anabolism, or synthesis of macromolecules, is an example of chemical work. The
others are examples of transport or mechanical work.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 1 Remember
20
49) If A → B → C → D → E represents a metabolic pathway, then the letter E would be
A) a substrate.
B) a product.
C) energy.
D) an enzyme.
E) an enzyme-substrate complex.
Answer: B
Explanation: E is the final product of the metabolic pathway. The energy and enzymes are not
listed.
Section: 06.03
help regulate it.
50) Coenzymes and/or cofactors are necessary for optimal enzyme activity.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Coenzymes and/or cofactors are necessary for optimal enzyme activity.
Section: 06.03
Bloom's: 1 Remember
help regulate it.
51) Enzymes maintain their shape when they bind to a substrate.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The active site undergoes a slight modification in shape when it binds to the
substrate.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
chemical reaction.
21
52) Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: An enzyme reduces the energy of activation for a reaction.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
help regulate it.
53) Most enzymes are

A) lipid molecules.
B) carbohydrate molecules.
C) protein molecules.
D) DNA molecules.
E) ATP molecules.
Answer: C
Explanation: Enzymes are proteins, although some RNA molecules can speed chemical
reactions.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
help regulate it.
54) The function of an enzyme is to

A) provide the energy for metabolic reactions.
B) increase the rate of a metabolic reaction.
C) change the direction of metabolic reactions.
D) act as a buffer in metabolic reactions.
E) raise the energy of activation for a reaction.
Answer: B
Explanation: An enzyme lowers the energy of activation for a reaction and allows it to proceed
faster.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
help regulate it.
22
55) While eating a container of yogurt, you have to leave, so you store the yogurt in the
refrigerator. A day later you return and find the surface of the yogurt is no longer smooth but has
broken into several liquified products. You correctly guess that enzymes from your saliva, via
the spoon, have continued digesting the yogurt in your absence. What will happen over time?
A) Nothing, the reaction has stopped because the amount of saliva is small and you would have
to add more saliva to continue the degradation.
B) The reaction will continue indefinitely since the enzyme is not consumed by the reaction.
C) The reaction will continue until half is digested and then stop because the reaction between
substrate and product will be balanced.
D) The reaction has stopped because the yogurt has denatured the enzyme.
E) As long as the enzyme is not denatured by environmental conditions, the reaction will
continue until all of the substrate is used up.
Answer: E
Explanation: Enzymes continue to function until all of the substrate is converted into product.
The enzymes you introduced in your saliva would continue to digest the sugars in the yogurt
until all the sugars were gone.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 3. Apply
enzyme.
56) If there are 12 different intermediate products produced during production of a molecule in a
cell, we can expect that there
A) is one enzyme that carries this process through all 12 stages to the end product.
B) are about 12 enzymes, at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway.
C) is one enzyme for degradation and another enzyme for synthesis.
D) there may not be any enzymes involved if this is a natural cell product.
E) must be 12 different raw materials combined in the cell by one enzyme.
Answer: B
Explanation: Each step of a metabolic pathway must be carried out by a different enzyme.
Therefore, if there are 12 intermediates, there must be 12 enzymes.
Section: 06.03
help regulate it.
23
57) The specificity of an enzyme to a substrate is currently best explained by
A) the "lock and key" model.
B) the induced-fit model.
C) the allosteric model.
D) the receptor model.
E) the synthase complex model.
Answer: B
Explanation: The active site of the enzyme undergoes a slight change in shape in order to
accommodate the substrate(s). This is called the induced-fit model.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
chemical reaction.
58) Since enzymes are not used up during a reaction, they do not play any role in the reaction.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Enzymes are not used up in the reaction and they play an active role in increasing
the rate at which the reaction occurs. They are also reusable.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
enzyme.
59) The location in which the enzyme and substrate complexes is called the
A) active site.
B) inhibitor site.
C) receptor site.
D) enzyme-substrate complex.
E) enzyme-inhibitor complex.
Answer: A
Explanation: The enzyme and substrate will complex at the active site.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
help regulate it.
24
60) Which of the following statements is true concerning enzymatic activity?
A) Each enzyme works well within a wide range of pH values.
B) Increasing temperatures has no effect on enzyme activity.
C) As the temperature decreases, most enzymatic reactions will still proceed at the same rate.
D) Enzymatic reactions proceed quite slowly.
E) Enzyme activity increases as substrate concentration increases until the maximum rate is
achieved.
Answer: E
Explanation: Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. As the temperature rises, enzyme activity
will increase until the temperature becomes too hot and the enzyme is denatured. In contrast,
enzyme activity decreases as the temperature falls. Enzymes work best at a specific pH.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
enzyme.
61) Lactose is milk sugar that is broken down by the enzyme lactase. The reason that some
people are "lactose intolerant" could be because
A) the enzyme lactase only works in the laboratory, not in the human body.
B) the pH of the digestive system does not allow lactase to function properly.
C) the temperature of the digestive system does not allow lactase to function properly.
D) they drink too much milk and have inactivated the lactase in their digestive system.
E) they are missing the enzyme lactase in their digestive system.
Answer: E
Explanation: Most people that are lactose intolerant are missing the enzyme lactase in their
digestive system.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 3. Apply
help regulate it.
25
62) In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?
A) to the substrate of the first reaction
B) to the product of the first reaction
C) to the enzyme of the first reaction
D) to the enzyme of the last reaction
E) to a substrate or the product of the last reaction
Answer: C
Explanation: In feedback inhibition, the final product binds to the enzyme, either at the active
site or at another site.
Section: 06.03
Bloom's: 1 Remember
help regulate it.
63) Whether or not an enzyme is present and active within a cell depends on
A) if the gene for the enzyme has been turned on and the enzyme made.
B) if the enzyme has been activated or inactivated.
C) whether an inhibitor is bound to the enzyme.
D) whether the necessary cofactor is present.
E) All of the answer choices could affect enzyme activity.
Answer: E
Explanation: Enzyme presence and activity can be affected by all of the answers listed.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
enzyme.
64) When a kinase adds phosphates to an enzyme, it will only activate the enzyme.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Sometimes phosphates activate an enzyme, while other times they inactivate the
enzyme.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
enzyme.
26
65) Poisons are often
A) enzyme inhibitors.
B) cofactors.
C) coenzymes.
D) vitamins.
E) kinases.
Answer: A
Explanation: Poisons are often enzyme inhibitors.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
enzyme.
66) The removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a substrate is called what?
A) reduction
B) oxidation
C) phosphorylation
D) metabolism
E) an enzyme-substrate complex
Answer: B
Explanation: Oxidation is the loss of electrons or loss of hydrogen atoms.
Section: 06.04
Bloom's: 1 Remember
27
67) What is the equation for photosynthesis?
A) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
B) energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
C) energy + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
D) energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
E) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 → 6O2 + 6H2O + energy
Answer: D
Explanation: The equation for photosynthesis is energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Section: 06.04
Bloom's: 1 Remember
68) Which of the following is a by-product of photosynthesis?

A) carbon dioxide
B) water
C) oxygen
D) glucose
E) energy
Answer: C
Explanation: Although all of these are involved in photosynthesis, oxygen is the by-product of
the production of glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
Section: 06.04
Bloom's: 1 Remember
28
69) During cellular respiration, what is reduced?
A) glucose
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) water
E) ATP (energy)
Answer: B
Explanation: During respiration, oxygen is reduced and glucose is oxidized.
Section: 06.04
Bloom's: 1 Remember
70) Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: An enzyme reduces the energy of activation for a reaction.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 1 Remember
chemical reaction.
71) Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in redox reactions because
A) carbon dioxide is reduced during photosynthesis and carbohydrates are oxidized during
cellular respiration.
B) both use carbon dioxide.
C) photosynthesis uses energy and cellular respiration releases energy.
D) both are required to be in all cells.
E) energy cycles between the two organelles.
Answer: A
Explanation: A redox reaction involves both oxidation and reduction. Carbon dioxide is reduced
during photosynthesis, which occurs in chloroplasts, and carbohydrates are oxidized during
cellular respiration in mitochondria.
Section: 06.04
Topic: Organelles
29
Test Bank for Inquiry into Life, 16th Edition, Sylvia Mader Michael Windelspecht
72) Glucose is broken down during cellular respiration so that the released energy can be stored
and converted into ATP.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The purpose of cellular respiration is to break glucose down step by step in order
to make ATP.
Section: 06.04
Bloom's: 1 Remember
73) Define the first law of thermodynamics.
Answer: The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy. It states that
energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Energy
Bloom's: 6. Create
apply to cells.
74) Explain the factors that will cause an enzyme to become denatured and what will occur
structurally to the enzyme when it is denatured.
Answer: The two factors that will denature a protein are changes in pH and/or temperature.
When an enzyme is denatured, the shape of the protein is altered. This new shape is unable to
bind effectively to the substrate so the reaction will not proceed in the normal fashion.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enzymes
Bloom's: 6. Create
enzyme.
30
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1) Which energy association is correct?

4) Ultimately, humans get their energy from the sun.

8) ATP can be broken down into

14) Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?

16) Enzymes have "specificity." This means that they

20) Which is true about energy of activation?

22) Which of the following will increase enzyme activity?

24) A reaction is only considered an oxidation reaction when oxygen is involved.

27) Heat is a form of energy.

32) Gasoline engines use energy more efficiently than cells.

37) The change in free energy of a reaction, delta G, is calculated by

39) Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced?

42) The various uses of ATP include

48) Which of the following is an example of chemical work within a cell?

51) Enzymes maintain their shape when they bind to a substrate.

53) Most enzymes are

54) The function of an enzyme is to

68) Which of the following is a by-product of photosynthesis?

73) Define the first law of thermodynamics.

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