Test Bank For Operations Management 13th Edition by Stevenson

Test Bank for Operations Management 13th Edition By Stevenson
Test Bank for Operations Management 13th Edition

By Stevenson
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-by-stevenson/
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Chapter 07 Test Bank – Static
1. Ergonomics is the use of computers and robots in the workplace.
FALSE
This is the discipline focused on the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a work system.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 Compare and contrast the two basic approaches to job design.
Topic: Job Design
2. Specialization is one of the sources of disagreement between the efficiency and behavioral approaches to job design.
TRUE
Specialization is the primary area of disagreement between these two schools.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of specialization.
Topic: Job Design
3. One disadvantage of specialization is worker dissatisfaction.
TRUE
Efficiency gains can come at the expense of more dissatisfied workers.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Job Design
7-1
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill
Education.
4. The quickest, most effective way to improve an employee's job satisfaction is to increase his or her compensation.
FALSE
Improved work life can sometimes increase satisfaction with no increase in compensation.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 Discuss the impact of working conditions on job design.
Topic: Quality of Work Life
5. Job enrichment involves giving a workers a greater share of the total task, which is why they feel enriched.
FALSE
Job enrichment involves increasing the level of responsibility.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
6. Trust is a factor influencing productivity.
TRUE
With greater trust, workers are more likely to respond to managers positively.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
7. Many lower-level jobs are monotonous and boring.
TRUE
Jobs at the lowest levels often involve heavy standardization.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Job Design
7-2
Education.
8. Job enrichment involves an increase in the level of responsibility for planning and coordinating tasks.
TRUE
Job enrichment leads to workers with greater levels of responsibility.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-04 Describe behavioral approaches to job design.
Topic: Job Design
9. Self-directed teams are allowed to make changes in the work processes under their control.
TRUE
Self-directed teams often are great sources of information regarding improvements to work processes.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Job Design
10. Self-directed teams help other work groups make changes to their processes.
FALSE
Self-directed teams tend to be given responsibility only for their processes.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Job Design
11. Motivation influences quality and productivity, but not the work environment.
FALSE
More motivated employees are more likely to suggest improvements in the work environment.

Blooms: Understand
Topic: Job Design
7-3
Education.
12. One important factor that influences productivity is trust between workers and managers.
TRUE
Greater trust in the relationship works both ways to improve productivity.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Job Design
13. Ergonomics is an important part of job design to consider for factory work but not for office work.
FALSE
Ergonomics is concerned with the interactions among humans and other elements of a system, including physical, cognitive, and
organizational aspects. It is important for factory work, office work, and other areas with human-system interactions such as product
design.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
14. Potential benefits of self-directed teams include higher productivity and greater worker satisfaction.
TRUE
Self-directed teams can be both more satisfied and more productive.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
7-4
Education.
15. One of the potential benefits of self-directed teams is higher quality.
TRUE
Quality is a frequent target of self-directed teams.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
16. One potential disadvantage of self-directed teams is higher turnover and absenteeism.
FALSE
One of the common benefits of self-directed teams is greater worker satisfaction which typically leads to less turnover and
absenteeism.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
17. Job design relates to people, therefore technology has little impact.
FALSE
Job design must take technology into consideration.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Job Design
7-5
Education.
18. Methods analysis cannot be done for new jobs (ones that do not yet exist) since it requires observation of the process.
FALSE
Methods analysis establishes the method for new jobs.

Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 07-07 Explain the purpose of methods analysis and describe how methods studies are performed.
Topic: Methods Analysis
19. One therblig is the equivalent of one hour of sustained work by one average person.
FALSE
A therblig is a basic elemental motion.

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 07-08 Describe four commonly used techniques for motion study.
Topic: Motion Study
20. A flow process chart is helpful for visualizing the portions of a work cycle during which the equipment is busy or idle.
FALSE
A flow process chart is used to examine the overall sequence of an operation by focusing on the movements of the operator or the flow
of materials.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
7-6
Education.
21. Predetermined time standards are usually based on observing one very efficient worker performing the task.
FALSE
Predetermined time standards are based on published data on standard elemental times.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-10 Describe and compare time study methods and perform calculations.
Topic: Work Measurement
22. Therbligs are basic elemental motions.
TRUE
Basic elemental motions include grasping, selecting, and searching.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Motion Study
23. The two basic causes of accidents are worker carelessness and management demands for increased productivity.
FALSE
The two basic causes of accidents are worker carelessness and accident hazards.

Blooms: Remember
24. Work measurement concentrates on how long the tasks take to accomplish.
TRUE
Work measurement is concerned with how long it should take to complete a task.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-09 Define a standard time.
7-7
Education.
25. Ergonomics is important for preventing common workplace injuries such as back injuries and repetitive-motion injuries.
TRUE
Ergonomics is a discipline that focuses on interactions of humans with nonhuman elements of a work system.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Job Design
26. Work sampling is most frequently used to set time standards.
FALSE
The two primary uses of work sampling are (1) ratio-delay studies, and (2) analysis of nonrepetitive jobs.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
27. For purposes of obtaining good time standards using a stopwatch time study, the analyst should try to avoid having the worker
discover he or she is being observed.
FALSE
The analyst should be familiar with the job and discuss what is being done with the worker being observed.

Blooms: Understand
7-8
Education.
28. One factor in determining how many cycles to time in a time study is the degree of variation that is present in the observed times.
TRUE
Greater variation increases the number of cycles that should be studied.

Blooms: Remember
29. The normal time in time study is obtained by multiplying the observed time by the performance rating.
TRUE
The normal time adjusts for the relative skill and/or effort of the worker being observed.

Blooms: Remember
30. A standard time is the amount of time it should take a fully trained and qualified worker to complete a specific task, working at an
efficient, yet sustainable pace, using their choice of methods, tools, equipment, and workplace arrangement.
FALSE
The methods, tools, equipment, and workplace arrangement should be specified rather than left to the choice of the worker.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-09 Define a standard time.
31. The normal time for a job is multiplied by the performance rating to obtain the standard time for the job.
FALSE
The standard time is the normal time multiplied by the allowance factor.

Blooms: Remember
7-9
Education.
32. The design of work systems is based on objective standards and thereby avoids most ethical issues.
FALSE
The design of work systems involves many subjective elements with ethical dimensions in quality of work life considerations such as
working conditions and employee safety, fair compensation, unbiased performance appraisals, opportunities for advancement, and the
relationships with other employees and managers.
AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Understand
33. The standard time for a job can be obtained by multiplying the normal time by an appropriate allowance factor.
TRUE
ST = NT  AF

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
34. Predetermined time standards use historical data from a company's own files.
FALSE
Predetermined time standards involve the use of published data on standard elemental times.

Blooms: Remember
35. A performance rating of less than 1.0 means that the observed worker was judged to be working at a faster than normal rate—
doing the job more quickly than normal.
FALSE
A performance rating of less than 1.0 means the job was being done at a slower than normal pace.

Blooms: Understand
7-10
Education.
36. Predetermined time standards involve the use of published data regarding how long various activities are expected to take.
TRUE
Predetermined time standards use published data on standard elemental times.

Blooms: Remember
37. Work sampling can be used to estimate the proportion of time a machine is idle.
TRUE
Work sampling deals with how a given resource is used in various tasks.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-11 Describe work sampling and perform calculations.
38. Work sampling involves the use of some method of randomizing the observations.
TRUE
Randomization reduces the chance for bias.

Blooms: Remember
7-11
Education.
39. An advantage of work sampling, compared to a stopwatch time study, is that observations are spread out over a period of time in
work sampling.
TRUE
This reduces the chance that measurement will be inadvertently biased.

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 07-12 Compare stopwatch time study and work sampling.
40. No stopwatch is required in a work sampling study.
TRUE
In a work sampling study, observations are made at random points in time, and what the worker was doing is recorded.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
41. Work sampling provides a detailed elemental breakdown of a task for purposes of establishing reliable time standards.
FALSE
Work sampling is used to see which tasks a worker engages in over time, not how long each task takes.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
42. Measured daywork systems are output-based compensation systems.
FALSE
Measured daywork systems are time-based compensation systems.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 07-06 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of time-based and output-based pay systems.
7-12
Education.
43. It would be acceptable to use a group incentive plan for an assembly line operation.
TRUE
The line operation is dependent on all workers' performance.
AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
44. Work sampling provides both quick and accurate estimates of activity times.
FALSE
Work sampling estimates the proportion of time devoted to a given activity with some degree of error by making several brief
randomly-timed observations of a worker or machine over some period of time.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
45. Methods analysis is more likely to lead to a relatively easy and successful implementation of an improved method if workers have
been consulted throughout the process than if the analyst assumed sole responsibility for the development of the improved method.
TRUE
Successful implementation of a proposed method change requires cooperation of workers which is more easily obtained if the workers
have been consulted throughout the process and have made suggestions that are incorporated in the proposed changes.

Blooms: Remember
46. Time-based systems compensate employees according to the time they have worked and the amount of output they produce.
FALSE
Time-based systems do not consider the amount of output.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
7-13
Education.
47. Output-based systems compensate employees according to the amount of output they produce, thereby tying pay directly to
performance.
TRUE
Output-based systems tie pay directly to performance.

Blooms: Remember
48. Increasing compensation is always the best way to improve worker satisfaction.
FALSE
Worker satisfaction is based on many factors that affect the quality of employees work lives, and unless those factors are addressed
increased compensation may not improve worker satisfaction.

Blooms: Remember
49. A worker-machine chart can help identify nonproductive parts of a process.
FALSE
A worker-machine chart simply charts the interactions between the worker and the machine to determine portions of a work cycle
during which an operator and equipment are busy or idle. Flow process charts are helpful in identifying nonproductive parts of a
process..

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
50. A worker-machine chart can be used to determine how many machines an operator can manage.
TRUE
Worker-machine charts highlight when the worker and machine are simultaneously occupied.

Blooms: Remember
7-14
Education.
51. Giving a worker a larger portion of the total task is known as job:
A. expansion.
B. enrichment.
C. enlargement.
D. rotation.
E. elimination.
Job enlargement means giving a worker a larger portion of the total task.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
52. If there is a good chance that one or a few employees could wind up in monotonous jobs, job __________ can be a good idea.
A. alteration
B. expansion
C. enrichment
D. enlargement
E. rotation
Job rotation means having workers periodically exchange jobs. A firm can use this approach to avoid having one or a few employees
stuck in monotonous jobs.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
53. Asking a group of employees at a particular level to take on more responsibility is a form of ___________ loading, also known as
job __________.
A. horizontal; enlargement
B. horizontal; rotation
C. vertical; rotation
D. vertical; enrichment
E. horizontal; enrichment
Job enrichment involves an increase in the level of responsibility for planning and coordination tasks. It is sometimes referred to as
vertical loading.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
7-15
Education.
54. Which of the following is not an advantage of time-based pay systems?
A. labor cost stability

B. incentives to increase output
C. ease of administration
D. stability of output
E. ease of pay computations
In a time-based system there is no incentive for workers to increase output.

Blooms: Remember
55. From the worker's perspective, an output-based pay system has the advantage of:
A. linking pay more directly to effort.

B. keeping earnings stable.
C. keeping pay totally in the worker's control.
D. minimizing the temptation to work harder for more money.
E. keeping effort from influencing pay.
Pay that is more directly linked to effort is an advantage (from the worker's perspective) of output-based pay systems.

Blooms: Remember
56. Methods analysis is particularly valuable when it is used on jobs that:
A. I, II, III, and IV

B. I, II, and IV only
C. II and III only
D. II and IV only
E. I and III only
If there is a high degree of automation and mechanization, there is less opportunity to make changes to improve how the job is done.

Blooms: Understand
7-16
Education.
57. A behavioral approach to job design in which workers periodically exchange jobs is known as:
A. specialization.
B. ergonomics.
C. job rotation.
D. job enlargement.
E. job enrichment.
Job rotation can be used to avoid having one or a few workers stuck in boring or monotonous jobs.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Job Design
58. A major advantage of job specialization in business is increased:
A. motivation.
B. opportunity for advancement.
C. opportunity for self-fulfillment.
D. productivity.
E. job enrichment.
Specialization can greatly increase productivity.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
59. Which of the following is not generally considered an advantage of specialization?
A. high productivity
B. low wage costs
C. ease of training employees
D. monotonous work
E. All are advantages
Monotonous work is generally considered a disadvantage of specialization.

Blooms: Understand
Topic: Job Design
7-17
Education.
60. Process chart symbols do not include:
A. delay.
B. inspection.
C. operation.
D. rejection.
E. storage.
Rejection is a decision that results from inspection.

Blooms: Remember
61. Which of the following most closely describes job enlargement?
A. horizontal loading
B. increasing the level of responsibility associated with a job
C. transferring workers through a series of jobs to increase their scope of experience
D. increasing the amount of workspace assigned to a worker
E. assigning two jobs to the same worker
With job enlargement the worker becomes responsible for more tasks at the same level of skill and responsibility.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
62. A behavioral approach to job design which increases responsibility for planning and coordinating tasks is job:
A. enlargement.
B. rotation.
C. enrichment.
D. involvement.
E. enhancement.
Greater authority accompanies job enrichment.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Job Design
7-18
Education.
63. Which of the following concerns is not one that job designers focus on?
A. what will be done in a job

B. who will do the job
C. how the job will be done
D. when should the job be completed
E. where the job will be done
Job designers focus on the what, the who, the how, and the where, but not the when.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-01 Explain the importance of work design.
Topic: Job Design
64. Which of the following is not a potential benefit of the use of self-directed teams?
A. higher quality
B. higher productivity
C. greater worker satisfaction
D. greater satisfaction for middle managers
E. lower turnover
Middle managers often feel threatened as their authority is reduced when self-directed teams are adopted.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
65. A simo chart includes:
A. delay.
B. storage.
C. transportation.
D. left/right hand movements.
E. inspection.
Simo charts focus on the simultaneous movements of the hands.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Motion Study
7-19
Education.
66. Determining the number of cycles to observe is an element of:
A. stopwatch time study.

B. standard elemental times.
C. predetermined time standards.
D. work sampling.
E. MTM tables.
In a stopwatch time study, the number of cycles that should be observed is an important consideration.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
67. The chart used to review the overall sequence of an operation by focusing on the movements of either the operator or materials is
called a:
A. simo chart.
B. Gantt chart.
C. worker-materials chart.
D. flow process chart.
E. multi-activity chart.
Flow process charts focus on the overall sequence of operations.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
68. The methods analysis chart which describes the overall sequence of operations, transportation, storage, delays, and inspection is a:
A. flow process chart.

B. worker-machine chart.
C. gang process chart.
D. simultaneous-motion chart.
E. time/efficiency chart.
Flow process charts focus on the overall sequence of operations.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
7-20
Education.
69. The symbols for operation, storage, transportation, inspection, and delay would usually be found on which type of chart?
A. flow process
B. Gantt
C. simultaneous motion
D. worker-machine
E. delay analysis
Flow process charts focus on the sequence of the entire operation.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
70. The chart used to focus on busy and idle portions of a work cycle is a:
A. worker-machine chart.
B. Gantt chart.
C. simo chart.
D. idle chart.
E. flow process chart.
This is used to determine how many tasks to assign to a worker.

Blooms: Remember
71. The methods analysis chart which describes the portions of a work cycle during which an operator and equipment are busy or idle
is a:

D. simultaneous-motion chart.
Work can be assigned to a worker during idle periods.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
7-21
Education.
72. In motion studies, a therblig is a:
A. charting method of analysis.

B. job enrichment technique.
C. dummy task.
D. basic elemental motion.
E. fraction (.0006) of a minute.
Therbligs are named after Frank Gilbreth.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Motion Study
73. The motion study chart which describes the movements of both hands at the same time is a:

D. simo chart.
Simo charts, also known as simultaneous motion charts, focus on the simultaneous movement of the hands.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Motion Study
74. One form of long-term team that is increasingly being used, especially in lean production settings, is:
A. quality circle.
B. product design.
C. self-directed.
D. self-improvement.
E. mandatory.
Self-directed teams can be very effective at suggesting process improvements.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
7-22
Education.
75. In a stopwatch time study, the number of cycles that must be timed is a function of:
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
E. I and III only
The required number of cycles reflects all three considerations: variability, desired accuracy, and desired confidence.

Blooms: Remember
76. What is the effect of an increase in the desired confidence level on the number of observations necessary in a time study?
A. increases
B. decreases
C. unaffected
D. may increase or decrease, depending on the sample standard deviation
E. impossible to say without additional information
Greater confidence requires a large number of cycles.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
77. In a stopwatch time study, the average of the times recorded for a given worker to perform a given task is the:
A. observed time.
B. normal time.
C. standard time.
D. allowance time.
E. performance rating time.
The observed time is adjusted to get the normal time.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
7-23
Education.
78. Which is not a requirement for an effective self-directed team?
A. talent and skills to meet goals

B. one or more members representing supervision
C. a system of reinforcement and celebration
D. clearly stated and commonly held vision and goals
E. effective and skilled interpersonal relations
Supervisor representation is not part of self-directed teams.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Job Design
79. A job has an observed cycle time of four minutes, a performance rating of 80 percent, and an allowance that is 20 percent of job
time. Normal time for the job in minutes is:
A. 3.20.
B. 3.84.
C. 4.00.
D. 4.80.
E. 5.00.
NT = OT  PR
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Blooms: Apply
80. When performing a time study, the analyst converts the observed time into the time a worker would require working at an
acceptable “average” pace by using which of the following?
A. allowance factors
B. MTM
C. methods analysis
D. performance rating
E. analysis of therbligs
The performance rating adjusts the observed time to reflect the difference between the rate at which the observed worker performed
the task and a “normal” rate.

Blooms: Remember
7-24
Education.
81. In a stopwatch time study, adjusting the normal time by an allowance factor for normal delays and interruptions results in the:
A. observed time.
B. normal time.
C. standard time.
D. allowance time.
E. performance rating time.
The standard time is the normal time adjusted for typical delays and interruptions.

Blooms: Remember
82. A job had an observed time of 10 minutes and a performance rating of .90 based on twenty-five cycles that were timed. The
allowance is 20 percent of job time. Standard time for the job in minutes is:
A. 10.0.
B. 10.8.
C. 12.5.
D. 15.0.
E. depends on the number of cycles observed.
ST = NT  AF = OT  PR  (1 + A)
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
83. A job has a normal time of 12 minutes, a performance rating of .80, and an allowance of 20 percent of job time. The standard time
for this job in minutes is:
A. 11.52.
B. 12.
C. 14.4.
D. 15.
E. depends on the number of cycles observed.
ST = NT  AF = NT  (1 + A)

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
7-25
Education.
84. Time standards derived from a firm's historical time study data are known as:
A. predetermined times.
B. MTM.
C. work sampling times.
D. judgmental times.
E. standard elemental times.
Standard elemental times are used as building blocks for normal times.

Blooms: Remember
85. In calculating standard times, allowance percentages normally would consider all of the following except:
A. noise levels.
B. monotony.
C. personal phone calls.
D. weight lifted.
E. restroom allowances.
Allowance factors allow for normal interruptions and delays that are part of the process (including working conditions).

Blooms: Remember
86. A technique for estimating the proportion of time a worker spends on various activities is:
A. stopwatch time study.

B. standard elemental (historical) times.
C. simultaneous motion study.
D. predetermined (published) time standards.
E. work sampling.
Work sampling estimates the proportion of time that a given resource is engaged in a particular activity.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
7-26
Education.
87. The technique which can be used to estimate the percentage of time a worker or piece of equipment is idle is known as:
A. MTM.
B. work sampling.
C. methods analysis.
D. micro motion study.
E. none of these.
Work sampling estimates the proportion of time that a given resource is engaged in a particular activity.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
88. Which sample proportion will require the largest number of work sampling observations for a given confidence level and
allowable error?
A. .05
B. .25
C. .50
D. .75
E. .95
The required sample size is largest when the proportion equals .5.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
89. In work sampling, how will increasing the permissible maximum error affect sample size?
A. It will increase the number of observations needed.

B. It will decrease the number of observations needed.
C. It will have no effect on sample size.
D. It will sometimes increase and sometimes decrease the sample size, depending on the analyst.
E. It is impossible to say without additional information.
Increasing the permissible maximum error reduces the number of observations that are needed for a given confidence level and sample
proportion.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
7-27
Education.
90. In work sampling, observations should be taken:
A. at the same time each day.

B. within a short period of time.
C. at randomly determined times.
D. once every hour.
E. once every day.
Random sampling reduces bias.

Blooms: Remember
91. Which of the following is not an advantage of work sampling compared to stopwatch time study?
A. There is little or no disruption of work.

B. It is less susceptible to short-term fluctuations.
C. Workers are less resentful.
D. It is less costly and less time-consuming.
E. It is better suited for short, repetitive tasks.
Stopwatch time study is better for short, repetitive tasks.

Blooms: Understand
92. Which of the following is not characteristic of time-based compensation plans?
A. stable labor costs

B. easier to administer than output-based plans
C. stable pay for workers
D. simpler wage computations than output-based plans
E. lower cost per unit than output-based plans
Output-based plans typically result in lower cost per unit.

Blooms: Remember
7-28
Education.
93. Which of the following statements should not characterize an operations strategy toward the design of work systems?
A. Manufacturing technology is the heart of a business.

B. Workers can make or break a business.
C. Workers can be a valuable source of insights.
D. A spirit of cooperation can contribute to success.
E. Workers can be proud and respected.
Technology is not necessarily the heart of a business.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Operations Strategy
94. The design of work systems typically involves:
A. II and III only

B. I and III only
C. II, III, and IV only
D. I, II, and III only
E. I, II, III, and IV
These three considerations are important in designing work systems.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Work Design and Measurement
95. Methods analysis and motion study techniques develop primarily which aspects of jobs?
A. behavioral aspects
B. efficiency aspects
C. pay levels
D. quality levels
E. teamwork aspects
These help optimize how work is done from an efficiency standpoint.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Summary
7-29
Education.
96. A disadvantage of teams is:
A. higher quality.
B. higher productivity.
C. greater worker satisfaction.
D. team member conflict.
E. lower turnover.
Conflict must be navigated successfully for teams to be successful.
AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Job Design
97. A methods and measurements analyst needs to develop a time standard for a certain task. In a preliminary study, he observed one
of his workers perform this task five times, with the following results:
Observation 1 2 3 4 5
Time(Seconds) 84 76 80 84 76
What is the observed time for this task?
A. 80 seconds
B. 84 seconds
C. 160 seconds
D. 240 seconds
E. 400 seconds
The observed time is the average time.

Blooms: Apply
7-30
Education.
Time(Seconds) 84 76 80 84 76
What is the normal time for this task if the employee worked at a 25 percent faster pace than average?
A. 80 seconds
B. 96 seconds
C. 100 seconds
D. 120 seconds
E. 125 seconds
NT = 80  1.25

Blooms: Apply
Time(Seconds) 84 76 80 84 76
What is the standard time for this task if the employee worked at a 25 percent faster pace than average and an allowance of 20 percent
of the workday is used?
A. 80 seconds
B. 96 seconds
C. 100 seconds
D. 120 seconds
E. 125 seconds
ST = NT  AFday = 100  (1/.8)

Blooms: Apply
7-31
Education.
Time(Seconds) 84 76 80 84 76
of job time is used?
A. 80 seconds
B. 96 seconds
C. 100 seconds
D. 120 seconds
E. 125 seconds
ST = NT  AFjob = 100  1.2

Blooms: Apply
Time(Seconds) 84 76 80 84 76
How many observations should be made if the analyst wants to be 99.74 percent confident that the maximum error in the observed
time is two seconds? Assume that the standard deviation of the task time is four seconds.
A. 5
B. 6
C. 25
D. 36
E. 49
N equals the square of [(3  4)/2].

Blooms: Apply
7-32
Education.
102. The owner of Kat Motel wants to develop a time standard for the task of cleaning a cat cage. In a preliminary study, she
observed one of her workers perform this task six times, with the following results:
Observation 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time(Seconds) 99 87 90 81 93 90
A. 81 seconds
B. 90 seconds
C. 99 seconds
D. 108 seconds
E. 540 seconds
The observed time is the average of these times.

Blooms: Apply
103. The owner of Kat Motel wants to develop a time standard for the task of cleaning a cat cage. In a preliminary study, she observed
one of her workers perform this task six times, with the following results:
Time(Seconds) 99 87 90 81 93 90
A. 45 seconds
B. 60 seconds
C. 90 seconds
D. 135 seconds
E. 180 seconds
NT = OT  1.5

Blooms: Apply
7-33
Education.
Time(Seconds) 99 87 90 81 93 90
What is the standard time for this task if the employee worked at a 50 percent faster pace than average, and an allowance of 20 percent
A. 90 seconds
B. 99 seconds
C. 100 seconds
D. 162 seconds
E. 150 seconds
ST = NT  AFjob = NT  1.2

Blooms: Apply
Time(Seconds) 99 87 90 81 93 90
A. 90 seconds
B. 99 seconds
C. 100 seconds
D. 168.8 seconds
E. 150 seconds
ST = NT  AFday = OT  1.5  [1/(1 − .10)].

Blooms: Apply
7-34
Education.
Time(Seconds) 99 87 90 81 93 90
How many observations should be made if she wants to be 95.44 percent confident that the maximum error in the observed time is two
seconds? Assume that the standard deviation of the task time is six seconds.
A. 5
B. 6
C. 30
D. 36
E. 49
N equals the square of [(2  6)/2].

Blooms: Apply
107. A methods and measurements analyst for Timepiece, Inc., needs to develop a time standard for the task of attaching a watch to a
wristband. In a preliminary study, he observed one of his workers perform this task five times, with the following results:
Time(Seconds) 27 19 20 21 13
A. 20 seconds
B. 27 seconds
C. 46 seconds
D. 66 seconds
E. 100 seconds
The observed time is the average of these five times.

Blooms: Apply
7-35
Education.
Time(Seconds) 27 19 20 21 13
A. 16.7 seconds
B. 20 seconds
C. 24 seconds
D. 25 seconds
E. 100 seconds
NT = OT  1.2

Blooms: Apply
Time(Seconds) 27 19 20 21 13
A. 20 seconds
B. 24 seconds
C. 25 seconds
D. 28.8 seconds
E. 30 seconds
NT = OT  1.2  [1/(1 − .2)].

Blooms: Apply
7-36
Education.
Time(Seconds) 27 19 20 21 13
What is the standard time for this task if the employee worked at a 20 percent faster pace than average, and an allowance of 20
percent of job time is used?
A. 4.5 seconds
B. 5 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 28.8 seconds
E. 100 seconds
OT  1.2  1.2.

Blooms: Apply
Time(Seconds) 27 19 20 21 13
How many observations should be made if he wants to be 95.44 percent confident that the maximum error in the observed time is one
second? Assume that the standard deviation of the task time is five seconds.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 25
D. 100
E. 121
N would be the square of [2  5/1].

Blooms: Apply
7-37
Education.
112. A methods and measurement analyst wants to develop a time standard for a certain task. In a preliminary study, he observed one
worker perform the task six times with an average observed time of 20 seconds and a standard deviation of two seconds.
A. 4 seconds
B. 16.7 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 24 seconds
E. 100 seconds
NT = OT  1.2.
Blooms: Apply
A. 20 seconds
B. 25 seconds
C. 26.7 seconds
D. 30 seconds
E. 32 seconds
ST = NT  [1/(1 − .25)].

Blooms: Apply
7-38
Education.
A. 20 seconds
B. 25 seconds
C. 26.7 seconds
D. 30 seconds
E. 32 seconds
ST = NT  1.25.
Blooms: Apply
second?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 13.3
D. 16
E. 25
N equals the square of [2  2/1].

Blooms: Apply
7-39
Education.
116. The owner of Touchdown Sports Bar wants to develop a time standard for the task of mixing a specialty cocktail. In a
preliminary study, he observed one of his bartenders perform this task seven times with an average of 90 seconds and a standard
deviation of five seconds.
What is the normal time for this task if the bartender worked at a 20 percent faster pace than is average?
A. 75 seconds
B. 90 seconds
C. 108 seconds
D. 110 seconds
E. 112.5 seconds
NT = OT  1.2.
Blooms: Apply
What is the standard time for this task if the bartender worked at a 20 percent faster pace than is average, and an allowance of 20
percent of the workday is used?
A. 112.5 seconds
B. 120 seconds
C. 135 seconds
D. 144 seconds
E. 150 seconds
ST = OT  1.2  [1/(1 - .2)].

Blooms: Apply
7-40
Education.
What is the standard time for this task if the bartender worked at a 20 percent faster pace than is average, and an allowance of 10
percent of job time is used?
A. 135 seconds
B. 123.8 seconds
C. 118.8 seconds
D. 120 seconds
E. 112.5 seconds
ST = OT  1.2  1.1.

Blooms: Apply
second?
A. 64
B. 86
C. 100
D. 144
E. 169
N equals the square of [2  5/1].

Blooms: Apply
7-41
Education.
120. A methods and measurements analyst for Digital Devices needs to develop a time standard for the task of assembling a computer
mouse. In a preliminary study, she observed one of her workers perform this task six times with the following results:
Time(Seconds) 46 38 40 34 42 40
A. 34 seconds
B. 40 seconds
C. 46 seconds
D. 48 seconds
E. 240 seconds
This is the average of these times.

Blooms: Apply
Time(Seconds) 46 38 40 34 42 40
A. 8 seconds
B. 32 seconds
C. 40 seconds
D. 48 seconds
E. 200 seconds
NT = OT  1.2.

Blooms: Apply
7-42
Education.
Time(Seconds) 46 38 40 34 42 40
A. 40 seconds
B. 50 seconds
C. 53.3 seconds
D. 60 seconds
E. 64 seconds
ST = NT  [1/(1 − .25)].

Blooms: Apply
Time(Seconds) 46 38 40 34 42 40
A. 40 seconds
B. 50 seconds
C. 53.3 seconds
D. 60 seconds
E. 64 seconds
ST = NT  1.25.
Blooms: Apply
7-43
Education.
Time(Seconds) 46 38 40 34 42 40
How many observations should be made if she wants to be 86.64 percent confident that the maximum error in the observed time is .5
second? Assume that the standard deviation of the task time is four seconds.
A. 10
B. 12
C. 120
D. 144
E. 169
N would be the square of [1.5  4/.5].

Blooms: Apply
125. The manager of Lawn and Garden Services would like to estimate the proportion of her employees' time spent performing
various gardening and lawn care activities. She has made 400 random observations of a typical worker, with the following results:
Activity Time Observed

Mowing 200
Trimming 80
Raking 40
Miscellaneous 80
What is the most likely true proportion of time spent mowing?
A. 0
B. .1
C. .2
D. .5
E. 1
Prop.(Mowing) = 200/400.

Blooms: Apply
7-44
Education.

Mowing 200
Trimming 80
Raking 40
Miscellaneous 80
What is the probability that the true proportion of time spent mowing is exactly equal to the sample proportion?
A. 0
B. .1
C. .2
D. .5
E. 1
There's almost no chance that the sample proportion is exactly equal to the true proportion.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard

Mowing 200
Trimming 80
Raking 40
Miscellaneous 80
How confident can the manager be that the true proportion of time spent mowing is between .45 and .55?
A. 90 percent
B. 95 percent
C. 95.5 percent
D. 99 percent
E. 99.7 percent
These boundaries represent plus/minus two standard deviations, so the confidence would be approximately 95.5 percent.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
7-45
Education.

Mowing 200
Trimming 80
Raking 40
Miscellaneous 80
Between what limits can the manager be 68.26 percent confident about the true proportion of time spent mowing?
A. 0 and .683
B. .475 and .525
C. .45 and .55
D. .425 and .575
E. .4 and .6
These limits would reflect plus or minus one standard deviation.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
7-46
Education.

Mowing 200
Trimming 80
Raking 40
Miscellaneous 80
If the manager wants to be 95.44 percent confident that the true proportion of time spent mowing is within .02 (plus or minus) of the
sample proportion, what should be her sample size?
A. 400
B. 1,000
C. 1,600
D. 2,000
E. 2,500
N would be 0.25 times the square of [2/.02].

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
7-47
Education.
Test Bank for Operations Management 13th Edition By Stevenson
Chapter 07 Test Bank – Static Summary

Category # of Questions
AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36
AACSB: Ethics 3
AACSB: Reflective Thinking 90
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 104
Blooms: Apply 36
Blooms: Remember 78
Blooms: Understand 15
Difficulty: 1 Easy 31
Difficulty: 2 Medium 80
Difficulty: 3 Hard 18
Learning Objective: 07-01 Explain the importance of work design. 3
Learning Objective: 07-02 Compare and contrast the two basic approaches to job design. 6
Learning Objective: 07-03 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of specialization. 5
Learning Objective: 07-04 Describe behavioral approaches to job design. 14
Learning Objective: 07-05 Discuss the impact of working conditions on job design. 9
Learning Objective: 07-06 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of time-based and output- 7
based pay systems.
Learning Objective: 07- 12
07 Explain the purpose of methods analysis and describe how methods studies are performed.
Learning Objective: 07-08 Describe four commonly used techniques for motion study. 3
Learning Objective: 07-09 Define a standard time. 2
Learning Objective: 07-10 Describe and compare time study methods and perform calculations. 52
Learning Objective: 07-11 Describe work sampling and perform calculations. 14
Learning Objective: 07-12 Compare stopwatch time study and work sampling. 3
Topic: Job Design 30
Topic: Methods Analysis 12
Topic: Motion Study 5
Topic: Operations Strategy 1
Topic: Quality of Work Life 11
Topic: Summary 1
Topic: Work Design and Measurement 1
Topic: Work Measurement 68
7-48
Education.
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AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Specialization is the primary area of disagreement between these two schools.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

3. One disadvantage of specialization is worker dissatisfaction.

Efficiency gains can come at the expense of more dissatisfied workers.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Job enrichment involves increasing the level of responsibility.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

6. Trust is a factor influencing productivity.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

7. Many lower-level jobs are monotonous and boring.

Jobs at the lowest levels often involve heavy standardization.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Job enrichment leads to workers with greater levels of responsibility.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Self-directed teams tend to be given responsibility only for their processes.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Greater trust in the relationship works both ways to improve productivity.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Self-directed teams can be both more satisfied and more productive.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Quality is a frequent target of self-directed teams.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Job design must take technology into consideration.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Methods analysis establishes the method for new jobs.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

A therblig is a basic elemental motion.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

22. Therbligs are basic elemental motions.

Basic elemental motions include grasping, selecting, and searching.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

26. Work sampling is most frequently used to set time standards.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Greater variation increases the number of cycles that should be studied.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Predetermined time standards use published data on standard elemental times.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Randomization reduces the chance for bias.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

This reduces the chance that measurement will be inadvertently biased.